:INSTRUCTIONS , 1: OffiCee designdticiedthoti Id be used in the TO column Urider each comment a line should be drawn across Sheet. and eátlideninient nUmberedt6torrespond with the number in the TO ColUmnt ,Each : officer should initial (check mark insufficient) before further routing.- Routing and Record Sheet should be returned to RegistrY.
- .ROOM DATE OF FWVD
A7-"ja.--er
PRINTING otii6e , FORM NO 51-10 STANDARD FORM NO. 64 ULM I
Office Memorandum • UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT
TO Assistant Director for S p ecial Operations DATE: 13 April 1951
FROM : Chief, Con ct Division, 0/0 2:3
SUBJECT: Andrew SZ INAY lamrei 0 ' SZ
1. The attached material 7 s given to a former OSS officer, now in the newspaper business, by Andrew ua,mith the understanding that it would be turned over to an appropriate \ Government Agency.
2. SZINAY is a former captain in the Hungarian Cavalry who was (assigned to the Hungarian General Staff during the war. He left Hungary at the end of the war, and until mid-1950, lived with his wife and child in Austria. During part of that time, he claims to have worked for the • British Army at.gaagfnrd under General McDonald. He came to this country . seven or eight months ago with his family as DP s and is now living and oi working on 6 farm near Baltimore belonging to a Mr. Flannery who breeds horses.
3. SZINAY is thoroughly satisfied where he is and is not seeking employment elsewhere. He himself is Amember of the CHV, and -wants to do what he can to further the activities of the organization in the US, and bring to the attention of our Government possibilities of using CHV in any way required. He claims to have no connection with any of the various Hungarian refugee political organizations within the US. His father died of poison 7 October 1948. He was Lt. Gen. Vela Szinay. E 4. Andrew SZINAY is well educated, and both he and his wife speak English fluently. His present employer, Mr. Flannery, considers him thoroughly reliable and honest.
5. It is requested that your office undertake any necessary coordination with the Office for Policy Coordination in this matter. If further information is desired, contact can be arranged by this Office.
C 9
Attachment: As described above.
SECRET HD COPY COMRADESHIP of HUNGARIAN VETERANS
BRIEF about the Comradeship of Hungarian Veterans.
Contains:
Appendix 1: Organisation sketch of the CHV. 2: Summary of informations about the visible part of the organisation. 3: 1 copy of the Central Information Monthly Paper.
TT 4: 1 r of a US Information Leaflet. • 5: 1 of the "White Book, published by the PoWs Service. • 6: Appeal of the organisation in the US for blood- donation. • 7: 1 copy of the US Foreign Agents Registration letter.
11 8: Name of leaders. ORGAM5A110\ OF THE UN.
Cenb-al
Ni5ib\e Part Uncirgrouod Part
-/-- I 01 ill II NI 05 WT15I-1 FRENEVI U 1131111 ao 29 zioneso AU5TRIA 2one:!d, GETAW`f organ;sed groups in various countrie-i) PoW Ser v ce Te4on5 ireatn 411M10 ••••■ .0.1110, 1f 165 IK ot groups regis\--ra\-ion service (GERM IMO US "TAS1A1\Autlgarian i+rrnaH on service • a gio f c 14 relieS- service • Po% itx So‘iiet I Agen1.5.., ill i-E-‘1 RU55lAW noq. a I Ri)%t I I AUSTIZIA I •••••. • •••im. • Eat, • ••••• .41 + if Y -rne 4rou9 are In co-opecahon wi% I 0 0 0 0 I4- AS Art8 Contachng RDints )e_ various aiAborit-ies ot Neir couniries, in UNGINRY
TasV ôt earim: a,/ 14e‘ligence 6.iCovt4er ir4elligence c,1 Prop gandel d. /Preprokn In case ot Var. THE "COMRADESHIP OF THE HUNGARIAN VETERANS" (CHV). Magyar Harcosok Bajtársi KOzOssege(MHBK)
1. The aim of the CHIT. To register l to organise relief for and to keep informed former Hungarian soldiers and sympathizers who live In countries in the West. Keep together throughout the world those who are prepared to fight for the liberation of Hungary,not merely by words,when the time comes with deeds.In fact this means o keeping together the Hungarian Armed Forces in exile.The organisation will: a. Register all ex-soldiers who live in the West. b, Inform them about current events. c. Prepare them for future tasks, d.Assist them as far as possible whilst they are living abroad. 2. Necessity of forming. Article 5 of the Atlantic Pact states: "The parties agree that an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against them all...." It is safe to assume that the countries which signed the Atlantic Pact are preparing defensive action should one of them be attacked.Should such an attack occur then it will be the first duty of every Hungarian who has been a soldier and who lives in the West to aid by military deeds in the liberation of his country.If this is to be achieved,some preparation is necessaty and the first essential is to know where Hungarians of the former Hungarian Armed Forces are - living.The second essential is to keep everyone informed about current happenings so that when the time comes for us to take part in a future conflict we shall know where to look to for leadership and instructions. What we really want to achieve is that all Hungarian ex-soldiers remain in contact with their comrades and the organisation. 3. thereabouts of CHV organisations. There are built up practically in every country in the world where there are Hungarians living.To be precise in 22 countries and Western- occupied Zones on 4 Continents, 4. Members of the CHIT. Every Hungarian over 16 years of age is eligible,no matter what his political views • are and who is willing to join the organisation.There is, however,one exception made:Communists are not toleratedl 5. Attitude to the Hungarian political parties in exile. Complete and total independence.Political partis are to solve theiY awn disputes and political controversies do not concern the CHV.The organisation will not side with anyone.Is an army,solely concerned with the liberation of our country and will not become an instrument in the hands of a party leader. 6. Rules for members. In order to conserve total independence in every respect it is necessary that: a. Those who hold appointments in the OHV must not be leading member of any Hungarian Party in exile. b. Distribution of political pamflets at the meeting are banned, also prohibited are speaker with pronounced sympathies to one of the Hungarian political parties in exile. 7. Leaders of the CHV. They are those who volunteered to work for a common cause and who are actively engaged on the same.In this respect there exists no prejudice as far as rank or origin is concerned. All present appointments are only temporary and would have to be relinquished in a future military organisation.No one receives payment or other benefits l to the contrary there are expenses which have to be born by some individuals. The Central Headquarters which directis all activicies ,of the organi- sation is located in Europe,in the French Zone of Austria.This represents • the Hungarian Armed Forees in exile and looks after their interests. It is compelled to carry out this task until a future Hungarian Government in exile,which supported by the unanimous will of Hungarian emigrants and which is recognised by the Western Powers, should decide otherwise. 8. The st ucture of the CHV. Organisations have to be built up differently and according to existing circumstances in various countries but also each organisation really forms an iddependent unit it is part l and as such,comes directly under control of the Central HQ.The organisations in the various countries are divided into several groups and the latters are further subdivided into sections which are composed of several members.Each group and sub- group is directed by a leader who besides having to work for his own ltv- ing,carries out the following duties: registration lmanagement,and the distribution of information to the members. 9. Work of the information service. a. The nHADAK UTJAN II is a monthly paper published by the Central HQ. It is distributed tree of charge. b. Other papers sponsored by Hungarians in exile published a number of articles which are based on information given by the Central B spreading so the spirit of the Comradeship throughout the exile Hungarians.
c. Broadcasting stations of various countries are devoting part of • their programmes to newsbroadcasts in the Hungarian language. d. As far as possible a CHV organisation in a country produces its own information service which is directed by the local leader. •Aps 24 10. PoW service. This part of the organisation deals with the tracing of Hungarian POWs in Russia. Appx U. Work of the registration service. It puts on record the addresses and keeps them up to date so that in the event of an emergency every individual can be traced and posted accord- ing to his military training and background. 12. Badge. The CHV has a badge adorned by the national colors and the Hungarian Holy Crown wellknown already in many of the Western Countries.A repnxidlid- tion of this badge may be seen at the head of this summary.
13. The CHI/ I s own viewpoints and position.
It is not a club or a society and consequently does not have a statute, has very strict rules however: the Soldier t s Oath.And the organisation proudly adhere to it: ,When you are required to fight, fight gallantly, sacrifice your life and blood for your beme,resist every enemy l no matter who he might be,wheter you are in Hungary or abroad o no matter to circum- stances and no matter the time.”Thus confessing the CHV creates a spiritual, link among those who are held together by the same principles.The organisati ion does not wishes to interfere with the laws of other countries;,wants to fight akainst the oppressors of Hungary, those oppressors of rreedom of any kind. (5e:A\-i ,x 6 \-4
14. Finances. All of the expenses are covered by contribution of the members. Everyone offers as much as he can. 15. US registration.
The organisation is registered by the US Department of Justice, Foreign Agents Registration Section under the registration number: 601, and under the name: Collegial Society of Hungarian Veterans.5er.Appx7) • ;I+ A t9a.d.,. ,
j Ii 1111I
; A IIAZARET ELM ERENIZ, HALNI DICSOSEG !
A MA GYAR lifARC(AbXc B.A,TTARSI -10ZOSSEGENEK •KOZPONTI T.iciTT,(041CATO.T.:a:
III Evfolyam. Nyugaten, 1951. Februar h6. -22. szini.
A kitra-eS. "4611_ sziivetsege.
Matray Lajos. -" - ,
.vilagtisszeeskiivee megkezdte a keres#64 neinzetir hagyoManYok-•,lerOmbelagat,:..Vala,h01-a nagy .zii.rzavarban elv.eszett,egy „ezereezt,end6S, .magyar a.:katd 6fi Szellem:sziiyetsege.,... • • ; . _ -Pedig Oehtil . talan nem eIt ez 61Yii,n) . :elevenen; mint a magyarsa róhtn. A Feh SiarVaSt:keigeti5 nunor .6s Magyar m§gOtt...ott:jartak a kor, ha,ditud6Sit6i4 reg6E.i5k.,:;, k6S6 nenazedékek-fe,4z4Mara:;:. :bi.xe.clarlOMsteryei,6,Ta katenazkirAly maga is :U.6;volt, az :;;TjitelMelt en.- Ozepeti.rOpa legalland6bb :, 1egiciartidaiid6bb poli•ikai koneepci6j6t:: ..:.ha neinzetete S akar merie:isgztink a magyar ezteclevberi a katona mellett mindig ottlatjuk; a!.."..azellepa emberet.,:11.gys:z0vanliiiiiiden,nagy-...46nk taegpr6b4.1t katona 445 ip,,i446118 ?)1101y-tiezerff5147i fekete ,•00-Ego.,. ;.friellett ott aorakc:iicitt könyvtár 40.00-0_:joto:.konyve. 1o4osa-.BRiitYaz.:;004... költônk a végvári vit zek ..61eter6l. :. enekelt a- Zrinyi :legalabb iiagY, •. Magyar: r volt, mint amilyon nagy..hadYeZet. Berisenyit6i ,a, neines teei3Or-kate4f41 .:: •-kazdve a .,Szlb6riaban ,p;10-040: oyou_cozOrig hio,ony „A-8 hazy, magyar pelda bizonyitja, li:.44104:Pirl.;:i4Z0V.:.9.Pill4get....P4Z8jia14;111ih4,1yr6t, a Luda0 ::Matyi ir6jar61 jegyeztek fel;::liOgy a :.,napOleoni :h.aberuk idej6n; aniikor` egy francia, :faltiban;:egy OraS,..s4abad.7, -iabla,st.:enge cl61 .telt,,Ea.zekaS-kapitanyurberaent a kest6lylja,leenielt a It.§#57 .P.§Polct. 0 0 eltieött,„4:tint4n:-Visszahalyezte • a, kOnyyet,i, polera._ • 134-eje-Ete- :..0abackaillas.t. és távozott. Ez . yolt.:a magyar, loVag es a . SzelleinieMber. egiegiAt.:Mintakelie,,ép ugy,. Mint Petfifi;laki •miker a toll mar.-nom volt el6g,:egy kaiddal pr6balta a ,segeeViii :. inalOingatOn- feltirt6ztatni a . iiiOszkovita:.:z•sainokStig, >- ,
. • • E 6"c , follain'at. A rnilitariziirast . kigunyOlta a nyakkend6 rniatt, de harcot, a katonaeorsot megalita a hOsi halalig. S ugyanugy kezdik keresni majd a hazajahOz, nepehez hü toliforgatOt is. Hol vagy Ezt a nagyszerii magyar hagYomAnyt rombolta szet 1918-ban az az iranyzat, arnelyet inegOlt szellem es hirseg, akit a post facto jog alapj an bebOrtOnOztiink, einemitottunk, „A liarinadik Magyarorszagban" irodalirri patkanylazadasnak nevezett LendVai szegyenoszlophoz kOtOttrink ? JOjj fazekasinihalyok, pet6fiek ineltatian bujdosO IstvAn A telletsegtelepSeg, tudatlansag kis- patkanyai, a „lialad4s!! babonaj6,t.- utOdja es gyujts vilagossigot as irastudOk arulasa folytan taraasztott szelleini sOtetben: fellazadtak ro-indaZ ellen, ami kereszteny es magyar Le .akartak tornbObri Hiszeni, hogy, katon4k; tollforgatOk es minden legyalizottak egyritt fogjuk ujra, Mon- mindent, aim n.emieti hagyornany, magyar ereriy;.riepi sajat,o0a4g volt trerMesietes,.--- dam: letiinket es verrinket! De elcibb adja vissza as elra,bolt beesilletiinket! liOgy legniagyarabb tiptsiiak a kAtonfinakkellett nekitiMadni felidsarban„Rarohantak ai.ed eyes kOteleSsegteljesitesberi elyeriett vedtelen katOilara # elObb esak a ,6011agnt. Mert nemeSak a -nia,gunk becsdleter61 van szO, hanem a vii6g ba46,rOl. NeracSair a, t.440k le;.ozutan.raegprObgtak lerangaini mindent, aini tekifiteiy, fegyelerri, h6OieOireg, bolseviznaus a veszely, hanera as a,z egyetenaes paticanylazadas, arnely egy feleysz‘zad. - nagys a g Magyar yitezi ere ny Volt. to keleten, nyugaton egyararit rombolja az erkOlcsi es Inilturertekeket.
• - -A-trianonj id6k kezdeten a kereszteny magyar sajtO vezet6r, enneka_yegzetes destruli, Az a baja az egesz vilagnak, amit Mecs Lisz16 egyetlen verssorba,n igy fejezett ki: ciOnak ellenhataeakent, azert almodtak egy ,olyan magyar - ithtipusrOl; amelynek tegnap meg ereny volt, ma bOrttin jar azertr As a baj, hogy a haboru utan as van vilignezete, naeggy6z6deee, hite es amely hii a fajtajahoz; amely helyreallitja erk6icsi, szellemi ertekeket, a hOsiesseg, hiiseg, tisztesseg .OrOk erenyeit romboltak le. ujia:a kaird es toll verezOvetSeget. — Olyan irOtipusrOl; a,reely nem adja el hitet, elveit - A hOst bitOra huztók, a martirt bebiirtOniiztek, as artil6 barsonysze kbe tilt. Az cIsteri a pen:znek, hatalomnak, tOmegnek. • Higyjen barrnit, de emit hisz amellett tartson nevet kihagytak az UNO: chartajAbOl, a kereszteny erkOlcsi fogalmakat feicsereitek ki becsillettel es ha . keil halálig, mint-ahogy Pet6fi is kitartott a segesvari malona-. a kollektiv brintetessel, a krisztusi jogot a londom egyezrnennyel, es a nepbirOsig gaton a legnagyobb tuler6vel; a remenytelen eltipratassal _szembenis. A toll embere- hOhersaggal. A vilag visszajara fordult mindarinak, anai eddig fenntartotta a tarsadal- ne rranboljon. Ne szalljon al az irodalmi patkany nivOjka, haneni higyjen a fajtitiaban; makat, nemzeteket. A tfirsadahni rend ellentetbe kerfilt, new a militarizmussal, hanem a kiilOnia erenyben, kialOnb vitezsegben, a Magasabb szinvonallaair. • Ne erVenyesilliii a katonai erennyel, amely minden fiildi eszmenyelc kliziitt a legkonstruktiVabb, miVel akarjon, haneta szoigálni. Nein valami hatalomnak, vagy {OW -Istennek, hanem a szolgfilatot, Onfelfildozfist, Isten- es haiasZeretetet, a bajtfirsiasafigot, A nemzeti ktiztisseg -kilarelag a nemzetnek, a Hazenak es ebben az ertelemben legyen csak — katona! videlmet tartja a legnemesebb emberi hivatfisnak es kiitelessegnek. Be ellentetbe keriilt az .uj vilagrend a szellemmel is, rnikor azellemi_stabadsagOt hirdetett es politikai: A magyar tollforgatek jOresze mindig beesiilettel fillta a tollnak, kardnak, a fegyvernek iiriigyelakel naegfojtotta s szellem szabadsagat. S a kOzOs sorsban, a kozos elnytraasban es szellemnek ezt a szent szikVetseget.:11.1i Magyar irOk biiszkek vagyunk re., hogy a bolse- rgy taialkozott ujra a kard es toll minden hia harcosa. vikiek Altai Osszeallitott „haborus biinOs" listakon legalibb annyi irO -szerepelt, mint katona. Ez volt a mi beesiiletrendihilz! A dezert6r-demokracia„ a nepbir6sagi hCherura- As utunk meg hosszu es nehez. De vilagosan hogy az eljdvendd Magyar, - ,lom egyfornian akarta megbelyegezni a katonat es a szelleni eniberet. „Aki a h6borus arszagra nem szemelyt, nem valamilyen politikai format kell visszavinni, hanem ,azt lairieres szolgalataban szellemi nau4a,t vegzett!! — inondja a neplairOski hOhes- amit: leginkfiblb leromboltak: .erenyt és szellemet, krisztusi erkiilesdt, magyar milielt;. terrteiay „eP ply haborua biinda, mint aki fegyverrel vedte hazó,jat.."- .Az ellen-s4g seget, katona-erinyt es polgfiri-erenyt, fegyelniet és szabatIsligot egyiitt, jogof es kOteles7 Mae -bebizOnyitotta„ arra riokan nein akartak elhinni, hogy a kereSzteny-katertak.ea. -Beget egyiltt. S a kard es a toll katonainak ezert kell tax-tad:A a szOvetseget, kint a hontalan- keresztény irök a hivatas, verseg,-lelek Eizent -kiiidAsegeben: egylive tartöziMk es elva- sagban is, mert hissziik, hogy a h6siesseg es a szellem minden misiial OrOkebb -laazthatatianul egyek is A hazajukat vea6 katonahOsOkre es ujsagire hOsökre egyiitt sagok es arm e a politika keptelen, csak ezek es csak egyiitt ujithatj6,k Meg a ve,sienc16 dOrdiiit a-nepbirak sortiize, egyiittleptek as akasztOfikra es egyhtt fognik vilagot, ,a2 cliCoVend6 sZabad Magyarerszag halhatatian martirja.i kOzOtt.
-Azirodalmi patkinylazadlis reszket6 h6sei nieg ma is a „haborus biiitOseeg7 ostoba- jelszavait orditjak a kiii.Onb kepesseg, a kipiObaltalab hiiseg, a szenVedesben, hiarcioari netaesiiltebb es megtisztultabb inagyars6,g fele. Ma ineg ninadig Meg akirjak bOntani kozd- es toll szOiletseget, a liatOnat prCbiljak.gyaliZni, id6szerriltennek:MinOsiteni. -Be ,mi, akiir egymaet batoritva ::es kOvetYe egyiitt szenyedtiinii- a hontalans6gban, A-liantiad..1.1tviligh4boruiej.1.:00sitir000kielenitoo#0i. .egyatt nyomorogtunk, lis zt4n 16,tjuk, bogy nem lehet a katonat id6ezerritlennek MinOsiteni. A hibe.inkbói kiigzu1tunk, vagy ki kell igaZulnunk,azonban az idealjaink Megmaradtak es valtozhatatTanok, mint maga a magyar OrOkkevalOsag. A katOn Az, ember fegyveres, fizikai testyêrharcn az veres testverhare tovabbi letjogosultsaga, •"nem- ,;idOszerdtlen", hiszen a bolsevizmns ko-zeise ge ben remeg6 nyugati Vil6g ma renriii-: emberiseg fejledesenek egyik legjelent6sebb vagy mar nem pozitiv ertelernben fogja -az tenyezOje. Nernesak a tOrtenelmi idOk kez- ernberiseg. fejlede ten-kutat a megcsufolt „Atiasztisz ezredesek" Man, keresi a hOst, akit felakasztottak, get szolgalni. Aszerint; bogy detet81 ismert, hanem mar a bibliai idekb•51 is, a fejledesnek erkOlesi, vagy fizikai egan bOrtOnbe zartak, temet6 ezkaba kiiidtek. mieta Bain megOlte testveret‘ Abelt. AzOta jelentkezik .elebb a esucsteljeSitmeny. 7 as emberiseg de a testverhare Maga is nagyot A fejlddes fizikai fikin ugyanis, Kain klbaIt já- Hol -vagy iildOzOtt, legyalazott katona ? Szállj ki a voronyezsi sirbOl, a karpati fejledOtt. A fejlOdes merteket es iitemet az emberi szellem fejledese uralta es ez a fejledesi bél llidrogên botnba lett. A bomba . rengetegek es budai ronahazak jeltelen temet6jeb61, az orosz katorgakb61. Vedj meg folyathat fizikai es erkOlcsi iranyokban jelent- rendkiviili hatasanak jellenzeit a H. U. minket, akik as OrOk beke neveben odazarattunk. ts a magyar katona nem rekriminah kezett. legutebbi szama ismertette. Bz a bates a szakertek hyilatkozatai szerint tovabb fejlesZt, _ AL I I L I .Y I
ugy.clObb-utebb a fejlOdeenek cilyan st_a_cliuma=, eiriberiseg-nek eine remelhet6leg.utolsO, nagysza- het erkeziink; arnelybeir egyetlen ember basu fegyyeres testverharea nielyben itamar - INNEN-ON-NAN •rokszalcaratán vagy kOnnyelmiiSegen :Mulhat, . egyetlen. : nerazet sem . maradhat semleges - nernzetek akar. az egesz emberiseg- sorsa es - yegre piegterenitse - , bekes. egyiittelesenek legutolse..el6feltetelet. . fejlOdeS fizikii Agin tehfit, nines inOr sok loyfihiii . . Az ,American Veterans Committee" valasZa a katonak USA-beli kiVendorlasa iigyeben killd6tt: • " • • lehetseg„ . .Nekiink -hontalan Magyaroak" neni eleg blyan Vortatkoiasban tudorafisul yeriiiiink , ezt: a-leliet6seget, haneni. A francia:hadseregyezerkari F6nOkeriek, A nernetorszagi amerikai es angol FOrnegbizottaktiali - .biaga- jeleritkelik, bogy az : ember egeszSeges erkiilesi- ebb61 hell ineghiitareknunk kiiVetena6 Eta EunipaTanics Elniikaek, a Feher KOnyv-el kapeselatos . valaszlevelei. , . 01tipterMeszete kezdettO1 fizigva .-Lellenezte tartitsunkat,,,jia,;nethietiiiik jOYOjet: helyeseiti eiedineiiyesen:akarjuk ezelgalni. :A , felaclatot A spanYol Nagyvezerkar F6niikenek Os Anders lengyel tabornoknak .ttjevi ;j6kivlinsitgai. fegyveresi fszikai lestverhareot.-.fizert :a gyakor-1 . _ .lenyegeben . a_kii-VetkezOlben foglalliatj Ossze _ :fat 1etben iadirli •:v4As _ - bèks valo rendeZese irsfekebeisi- egSire"-, Miga.sibb rend0 emberi târsuiãsôI keletkeztek. 1.) A Magyarciag helye a yitaban feltetlenii1N A--fegyVerea testVerharonak acsalãdon, niajd Nyugat .oldalan van. Nemcciak azert; Welt0 SIAM C.NISSIOM(1.1 Gibbis-b-Y • - az- e-i-nberiseg— egesz-s ges erkolcsi fejltSdesót hemzetsëgocen . beluh kikiiaiObbleset Boren-- American Veterans Committee (AVC) I/6) Fr.kturt brtairs kovették ,tiemietek, -Moja killOnbOz beffizet- ez- aZ oldal lapyiséli; mert:tOrtónelmi b.dbuarters dlilIellbs • • • rert r a : katOnai ••,■;•• • •isa ...... :■•• _rSert • 10ZI :---tarsuiasok jOgrendi alkotfisair . -Ezek niinden sZida Nyirgathoi kOt; ii real- 1711.. `Y. • • 1414••.•••. • kajaesaii • a -fegYveies testverhare _lehet6sege is er6visiOnYek MerlegeleSe alatoj an a . egyie jiibban esOkkent, illetve egyre n4agaaabb,_ pohtikai is ezt • at oldadt •javaSolja, hanem mindenekelOtt azèit, mert Fa dear hr. /ant rendii einberi tarsUlaciok jellemz6je lett. • . :, sid- a szliy gyiiiiiben 616 antibolsevista-eizelmeiben I co sc.soled, Nth appr■flation, No Co, of . Kai es Abel szemelyi teet-Yerharea. a XX Loxral S. inlre Melee 64.6 pcblirted 67 ihe rrieso•re et 679 /erne• of is Alsvan ,re)/ Mrtrt Mesta., 4mA079. 40044144 forrazoee re. your tom letter.. :,: ban mar vilaghaberii alakjaban jelentkezik; reegingathatatlan magyarssg biologiailag dormisitsilbn 1.44.17.4 Ls 1111.- Web bireir 1• lass•slisi bed . - I • spee Mat the statue .0 (04 Fommartav Orteemere of eaz lle .parhukamosan egyie or6sebben jelentkezik halAlra volna fteiVe a szliv bolsevizmus jegyeben - • leselly 0.1410.4 by tee ...et 14014 414 el rtinseri 4 fogint és oroSz-. katonal erOre timaSikodii ily daee Damn. • • forcibly deported ...et aitheriv/•• iborrem tnorein 111,- is - a vilig OsSiea neinzeteit olyän " actesolid4. :rte. or pr. leiter dr • jogretuti kozösségb összefognl, amely a .fegy- vilAgbike eseteben. • • Ibrch IS I as refertin; It to oar 04.01::r44 =.0:rn.r.r.1 .:reeet. to.t.l.1 .meeote. . tee,. 00,011 ai nur ettimea. - Veres.-festverhart letjogosults4git Altalinosan, 11 14.71 fleeitee, feresety tee set Ism.. mmt:vme . 2.)- A magyar nemze nek a nyugati Clet- - • bibrertly yew., egyszer és min enkorra megszunteti. A fejlocles - • erkOlesi fig is -esuosteljelitmeny el(itt all tehat forme:hoz- , •val6 ragisikede,se,t a l hontalati treetthettee end ether :eye ee64 a.m. ap,oe:ortate., hoes , • nnigyarsignakitell cselelOOlegeseii kifejezesre red.. •f ble revert I .1.1.1. or is... oss.rdert. site • ,Annalr elereseben . remelhet6leg niegel6zi " mates suede Gamiselemer - a fiiikai agat, meg miel6tt titebbi az .egeaz juttatnia: A- nemzet- zOmet ugyanis fa; rajta roi further. , s•mriii. y. 1.1 Mr. Isrom. ere thlread.desties • emberisegre vegzetesse valhatna. inalkcide tem.-or minden bizonnyal aktiVifegy- .11 eery ...bite tire 1..fore.t1.. ttieriteni Kelet veres resiYetelie fpgji keny CONSilt Of ..C.EUROPE •Va. • coq4CII. Of EUROPE, Az . emberi tarciuIttenalr altalábari :ketfele ei4gseges . _tehOt tine oldalan. Nem lehet tMerreiy. alakja iimerefe : az:CO 60es 46 a kenYsierthisti: kOnysZerallOsfogialaSnak esupan ellenpOlimat SEC. ... emir I -lg. As • einberise_g fejl6defie Borah Ciek Versercy- nsegtereinteni, haneni aktiv fellepesSel .kell - -tarSakkerit Viaszatei6leg jelentkeztek akar ellensulyeani_ filegbOitani. bolseVista keny- veasamos. nth October 1950., ..-szernelyek,-. akar neruzetsegek vaa.-.-,neruzetelr szerpoluscselekv(i_ eyelet.. ; , .tareigaSarii, keriilt a scir tIgy- terrueszete, . . • -dimes :kialakitásaban • • - fejl6desi 3.) A ;harrnadik vilaglyaborut: . kii-V-eteerr; a forma lefenticezik. : ..... , Is IS Ottabrt 1050 • tartes Vilagbeke alaiijainak rendezeseriel, roma.; • • ._ . . •• Mona riche Pe ul • henri Spe•t, Presto•nt of the Corm/Wive SI St. II o _ hetigi - kiesinyes, bib .eg-.--nniland.e, Como< f ■M•rome.: hes 17967014.4 .79 to eagle. - • amilor az: etaberiseg Mar. hi• 070 10106.tuee for the 401Se .Ooolt;oseeirstiot,tha . Prt 4 4 Mrs- Int•rms . le•d.menteiiso,..:„. lehm14rta04rts0ners of • oar ens depOriee - kli politibi SzeinpOntök nein , -.Rignak .71 1. cl•ns le /ler. Slaw ..411andO-nemzetkOzi:,beket. Onkentes nemzeti erte •137rtiroli • pos •str -ler 7.. on heti of the . CoOradeship.It lettoAartes Yese ransi,-havi, b on kInd . riZerepet jStszani. es , a kirMen.azetelc .sorsat hoheM, eo "eehe hlea ,by your lettei. of 4551i Uptimbor ....7firkilAS:Utifin az 0NO keritebien tervezi Megva-.. ) • .86556e 17.770l1 0 crt•; A Appizet- soMnt ".• le • ,s; 74104 osszes .hemzeteit, .-il1et6eikaregyee riernzetek eitekelese rois tr Seirl..1410 -9 - Coneteur Apses he, 1eoe3 .1 tee the M11.18008 Oith "Szovjet. -- art ortIle-e AO e,ea,e141 • o- 40 bri . I the. (It- oeme #30774• 1010 de ltu- it y l•, su. • r , 3,7 .1,., e ) rcrecarlab-Genertl. bkleyb It •1 /1 . trt •1, elsOossi 1drfs d ty.e Re pre lent . ... a to Ne Assembly. erejere timaszkorlva a vifig.,- -kdiiiSsêgi-elet egeszseges fejlOciese ea lehetOgegei de le 111. 411790ta17s• 6.0440174. • • • . • - bOlieiriznius jOgrendjebe-keisyszeriteni. Fizeinpontjab61 tOrtón majd Meg: Elhibazott • •Je of. bobby. d• ;11.1•31..5. ,c•t • arbir :frib, Se . obbir... cr . r•-r , . . top raagatartaa yolna tehat a vilag row. 10 tent Sere..., és bu • Girt • .: -,f6j16defiLeiiucs elereFieliez- hatra van meg •-kOzYelernAUYe el6tt belpolitiliai multunk - . . • • - . aiinak elclOntese; bogy a-fegyre- . stérharc- ..lorgatariaban keresni .Magyar j6v§:niegalape- tpvábbi lefjogOsirltsagat: nemzetek mike:rite : Iza,a4ntbk- reatia ..lieketarenlasa,..yagy:a bolsevizmus terftirreriar erdeniekiketnyUgitt Viligert kOZOtt iklozita; . iiiiinteSse Meg: - - SZere- - elê- taint és olyan meggY00---"érOvel hirdetni es- - Lapunk has 6.,bjaiii •isrnetelten-hangoitat bizényitan4 : ;hogy 7 tOiteneltni "sierepiinknek . .es szahad élet. és a..,koniniiiniata jelent4Ogiinknelt _ tnegfeleld helyet tcapiO4 • siolgalag . vitajtit nein leliet b-elces .uton ren- ..• ismetli .KiipâtntedenC0 en. 4 deziil. A harniadik-Yilaghabortilehat tiifterief- • —f • • ENEL, - • . mi sziiksegszeriisegkerit all_ r el6tt6nk; . hogy, az • direct,. try t. M1.01.Ccmami.nor ...ledge • . ••1"47- ..;••• , "1--11-3 rt• ‘;.1-1si Crtrtboirortr). ettrb"sitMol7O.Lirte:"Sts")rtr:;•22 ;YVIsrZ■%; 6" •r- 4; :Cr. Xs:. 11-1.ser• or urg any mt.... Owlet Ormos an! et 11u.n.a.rion pers, forc.ly 41.-or‘ia by. 1^■-4--+ Ure unharities. ! -j- •:
X- •(1686v-el. Nem bizonyos, de lehetseges, bogy mert barmil3i erOvel nyilvenuljon is ott a ilyen szempontok tartottek vissza a Szovjetet kommunista- es oroszellenes hangulat, Moszkva Versenyfutas az icialirt a szamara megadott nagy lehetOseg kibasznale- a „demokracia" jegyeben megtarthatne, elit datel; logy ereje biztos tudataban nena hagyta partszervezeteit smog e meggyOtOrt tOrnegekre volua ki a vilitg megh6ditasanak tenyleg mega- is peratlan hatessal lenne a haborti elkerillese A világ eseinenyeinek megfigyelid sze,mara a,dottsagot, holnapute,n:talen Mar haderejetrel dott lehet6seget, tObb mint valOszinii. Hogy Os a felszabadirlas kettOs boldogsaga, Wormen megsziint a lehetOdege- annak, bogy is defenzivaban szorulhat. A .felvonii16 er6k •erkolesr szempontok sem gatoltak, ahhoz sem ebben az esetben vitatlaatatlanul a Szovjetnek a nagy Osszefiiggeseken tul felmerjek a rohan6 lassan kiegyenlitOdnek, a Stovjet szeinszeiti fer ketseg. Miert fut tehat versenyt a Szovjet kOszOnhetne. Mennyivel nagyobb hatast gya- esenienyek logikai sorrendjet..-A festilltsegekkel fOlenyet kiegyensulYozza es lekilzdi az amerikai naegis az id6ert ? korolna azonban egy ily magatartas a n3rugati .minden tOrtenes fobbane- Os nyugateurepai, minesegi hadiipari potencial. tultelitett legkOrben • Ha eurOpai aggyal gOndolkozunk, ,ugy ket Yilag tOniegeire, mely.azt fettle, bogy valObah konnya lett- s nein tudjtik ,melyik lesz az, ,mely a „nyugati imperializmusok" akartzik a haborn t Miert nem te,rnadt eddig a Szovjet ?: Ket pzels6 megoldas adedhat a Szovjet szamera: ,a-letrege he repiti bizonytalan létunket JOsladok ed a Szovjet volt az, inely..„Orizetlen :IroneetS- eVvel ezelOtt nemesik katonailag, de pszilio16- Vagy tfimad es megkiskrli a gykelern !diet ennek ellenere_tOrtennek, de g,yakorlati ertekiik sziei" reven Megmentette az emberiseget giailag is legy6zhette Yolna . Eirrepat izolal- tOsegeit a jelenlegi meg mindig kedvez5 helyzet- inindOSsze egyetlen ponton azonos napjaink belathatatlan katasitrefit61. Ugyanebben a hatta volt Aineriket, megvalOstilliatott volna ben kihasznilni, vagy levonva a konzekvencilt- ,,..tiirekveseinek fOcelja „Iddgeoerklis" thmogati-.. pillanatban merhetetleniil Meger6sOdne a-bels6 Lenin-teter, Mely kapitaliZnaubok elsOr- kat, meg ma; hatalmi tuldulya MA:Arehart, . Mimic elnyerese. a helyzet Oroszorszagban, lehiallaiianak NYugat . visdza a :Szovjet Igyekszik mihatharabb megegyezesre jutni az vade,sar61: Biel. Mi tartotta nyilt es" rejtett blokadjai es a Szovjetben diktature,t; inelynek a haboru meginilitasithoi egyre gyorsabban felvonul6 es felkiszill5 Nyugat- A habOrus felkeszilltseg -pillanatnyi el6nye a nyugati ember szemitra:elkepzelhetlen minden Politikai es jOreszt anyagr eszkOze tal. •minden biionnyal a ,Keletet illeti meg, mely alacsony igenyek kielegitese niellett — pro . kezeben volt, amikor .A.nierika, meg a roose- Orinek tudataban hamar a legszelsOsegesebb • A kiisinerhetetlen orosz lelek azonban perites indulna nieg ugyanabban a pillanatban, yelti illuziOkban ringatta magat es a kommu- esZkOzOket is igenybe veszi diplomaciai had- ugy iátszlk mis megoldist keres. amikor a kapitalipta vileg a gazda,sagi atallitaa hadoszlopok mindeniitt altadelytalanul ate Boren. A nyugati demokraciak viszont nista 5. Moszkva tisztaban van azzal, hogy a haboru nyomasztO problemaival, a kerekvitgasukb61 delgoztak ? Mi tartotta tehat vissza att61, -task most ebrednek yaltai, teherfini es pots- vegs6 kimenetéle felette kockezatos addig, kivetett es munka,nelkirli— emberek belathatat- hogy kihasznelja az adott_ pillanatot s mi dami revillettikb61..Annal.lazasabban igyekez- amig nem sikerill megszereznie az atom- Ian tOnaegeinek problemaival kellene kiiez- hajtja ma, bogy meg mindig versenyt fusson nek azonban pOtolni az elmulasztottakat. A fillenyt. Az id6nyeres egyik motivuma valeszi- kOdjek, akik halasan ed varakOzesteljesek a valaszt keressiik nem szabad napi eseinenyeket ugy erezzillr, felesleges az id6vel ? Ha Mien ez. Ha az atomgyartesban akarcsak fordulnanak Moszkva fele. felsorolnunk, hisi azok egyfe161 kOztudoma: feledniink, hogy az orosz -rendkivill fejlett egyensulyi helyzetet sikerill teremténie Ameri- sunk, meafeb51 mire e sorok Bajtarsainkhoz pszieholOgigai erzeklrel rendelketik; Ez torte- kaval, ugy adva van szamara, a tamades Nagyon is lehbt, bogy ez a gondolatinenet einek, minden bizOnnyal tulhaladottak. Amikör nelmi hagyorne,nya, Melyet bolsevista kOntOs- lehet6sege. A me,sik esetleges motivum sokkal nem helytall6 es ai esemenyek egeSzen nias; sOrokat-irjuk a; pekingi korreany elutasitotta ben is apol. Goiidoljunk cstipan arra., bogy szelesebb tevlatu. Ha Moszkva a hideghaboru kepen alakuhmk; lehet, a diktatirrak OrOk tOr- az UNO „tiiibesziintetesi" javaslatat, azonban milyen pokOli ravaszaeggal vegeite el a bels6 Boren tulfeszitett hadigazdalkodasra keny- venye ervenyesiil es a pernaanens forradalom a . Iraltigyminiazieriumokban niegoszlana,k hOditas miivet az aliala, megatellt tertileteken szeriti a nyugatot es a dOnte,s el/SU nehany is felfalja gyermekei utitn Onmagat. Aionban veletnenyek, bogy az plutasitas Unyleges-e az emberi lelek csorbUrasainak ea gyengesegei-. pillanattal messzeinen6- konceSszi6kat teve ez is egy lehetliseg s talin nem helytelen, ha •Yagy pem. A fcintolgatesok tevolabbi proble- nek ismerete revin. HOgyan Vitlogatta Ossze megegyezik vele — hosszu tevari csatat napjaink forgatagiban minden lehet5segre figye- : mak :fele Yetiihmk. Az azsiai haboru kiszelesi- a lelkileg sebzett es jellemgyenge embereket nyerhet a haboru kockaza,ta, nelkiil. Ezt a liink es minder ellen vertezziik magunkitt. . tese ketsegkiviil linechat adna aZ Egyestilt a Yezeteste, bogy az altaluk elkOvetett hibak gondolatmenetet, ugy erezziik; kisse kOzelebbr61 NeniZetek -terhet hordOZO Amerikenak; hogy es jelleintelensegek Oiven ragadja, magahoz kell Megvilegitanunk. Cask egy jOval kesabi kor tOrtenetirei • Kinahan hevethesse a Koreaban nem hasznalt riyiltan a hatalmat, mikOzben a - tOnaegek lesznek ineginondhat6i annak, ini ridert tOrtent
és oeni hasznalhat6 fegyvereit. A masik pldalon jezati aggelyait beanulatos iigyesseggel sikeriilt KOzisniert, hogy az orosz politikenak kett6s veszekkel es riadalmakka,1 telt napjainkhan. visiont 6gy elhuzed6 ázsiai haboru Oriesi elaltatnia, s Mire azok ValOban naagukhoz f6eelja T-Van: az egyik a szliv imperializmus De mar ma ereiziik, bogy sokkal tObbr61 van er6ket kOtne le es gyengitene a Nyugat f6e1- tertek es rejOttek a ireliik folytatott szOrnyli kiteriesztese a szlav lakta; torilletekre, a inasik sz6, inint hatalmi eidekek OsszeiltkOzeser6l. lenellasi vonalanak : az eurOpai vedelemnek es hazug jetekra, mar a durva, hatalom vilag bolsevizilisa. A miisOdik vhaghb.boru Uj vileg szuletik s ;rei a dedes fajdalrnait :6s kiePiteset A dontop ifono ,Moszkva kezeben birtoke,ban kenyszerithette 6ket engedelnies- az addig izolalt Szovjet dzamara -mindket lazait :erezziik. Ma csiipen sejteseink vannak „ Vaii.HT6le .rngg; hOgy- val6ban nagyaranyir segre. Ez a pszicholOgiai erzek talan a,z; Melly teren Oriadi eredmenyeket .hozott. A panszlev arrOl; ami • holnap mar ideal es :bizOnyossag :haberut akar-e a tayolkeleti teriileteken, visszatartetta a Krenil urait a csObitO cselek- eszme megval6sult, ma, minden szle,Y nep . lesz : a verben es szenvedesben :sziiletett :naelynek dOren fehnorzsolhatne a ny-ugati vest61? orosz liegentOiaia ale keriilt. A vilagbolsetrizmus ujabb kor. De rajtunk; 016 erabereken--Mul , toren is jelent6s lepesekkel juitott el/5re. Kelet- hogy a 2000 eves kereszteny kulturkOzOssegiin,k • .etOk jelentes reszet,yagy megelegsiik -a resz- Moszkvaban nagyonis tisztaban Vannak eurepat er6szakkal:bolsevizalta, es Azsiet.-nem pornpad ujjaeledese vagyegy uj,.a mi porainkon leges anyagi, de anne,1 riagyobb Merril ideg- azzal, bogy rendszeriik sajet birodahmuk is tekMtve, Vilegszerte er6sen perietralta, a felePii16 barber- vilag er6sialca kOvetketizek, fel6rleasel.. Annyi bizony6s, hogy a szinte liatarain behil is gyenge labaken ell. Tudjak,_ tOmegeket. Ha tehat a laaborus gaidalkodesra mely tatan mak szazadok :inultan nyirl :Maid :elkeriilhetetlennek letsZO OssZeiitkiiies id6pontjet bob, kizarOan az ehseg pokoli eszkOzevel imindket fel igyekszik elhuzni. teljesen. attert Nyugat siltinitra hirtelen isniet visSza ai ernberiseg,e;rOk êrtekeihex::I:: kenyszerithetik engedelmesdegre tOinegeiket, bekOszOnt az a helyzet, bogy nem kell hahortit ;Anaily rnertekben erthet6 es vilagos a Mely tuiaya es bergyu, de ha egyszer a zsiIiPek yiselnie, a milli6kat foglalkoztat6 hadiipar es Ha ezekb61 a tavlatokbel kiindulva •NYugat tOrekvese at id6nyeresre — hiszen valahol felsza,kadnak, fekezhetetlen.. Ilyen milliOkat fegyverben tartO hadseregek leszere- jiik irapjaink zavarost es rohanO esemenyeit, Minden percben fe1kOszu1tebbens biZtoSabban gitszakadest okozhat a haboru es ugy yeljiik lese kOvetkezteben olyan Orhisi gazdasegi nenii bizakodassal tOlthet el a nyugati .kultur- nezhet szembe a Szovjet temadessal — .any- nYugbdtan mondhatjuk; hogy a bolsevista megrizkOdtatas ,kOvetkezik be, mely sokkal kOrhOz tartozO nepek ebredese, mely anyagi nyira kOdOs es erthetetlen i az eroszok zones rendOrfillamban csak egy haboru okOzhatja. sulyosabb, mint valamely haboru utani, rriely : Os szellemi fegyverek _kovficsolasaban nyil- magatartasa. Tudjak, bogy az MVD. minden terrorja ellenere :megedzi a tOmegeket a iterhek es nelkillOzesek venni nieg. ketazazmilliO ember szabotelja akaratukat. Truman elnOk a 82. kongresszus meg- hordozesera. • A kapitalista vileg valOban a KetszezmilliO ember, akitO1 elvettek az elet legsulyosabb vale egba kertilhet es a munka A versenyt az ido.ert fiitjak. A Szovjet, hogy nyitass, alkalmaval nyiltan megmondotta: ha ertelmet; elvettek az egyeniseget. szetniálasszon, a NyUgat, hogy megiz- : Europa es Afrika a Szovjet kezere kerfil, Os alias nélkul maradt railliOkelkeseredettseget kihasználya a „bekement6" SZoVjetnek kOrniyia mOsodj. A gy6ztes az a fel lesz, :aki Ariterika pusztfin a potencifilis megoszles anal De bOlcsen tudja a Kreml azt is, hogy a Mesikat MegelOzi. Az ultinaa ratiOhez a s merithetetlenlil _Xi van szolgiltatva a bolse,. vasfiiggOny es az orosz, hater .kOzOtt ma a,ratasa, lehet. Meg abban az esetben is, ha a , SzeVjet reszrOl tett engednaenyek , odaig is habein .eszkOzehez ha az .er6k -vizelOdeSnak„ , meg akkor is, ha ai ellenseg soha kenyszeriien eljenz6 milliek az els6 pillanatban Os felyarilatok :aZOn9d.. ic16jaentlaari egYenlit6d- 1.411.4 1....A..404 A VX1.713.4.4. mennenek. hogv lrIii1
A. VASFOGGONY KET OLDALAN CSENDO.RNAPRA: AZ EliKBE,RANYAG S ANNAK KATONAI -KIHASZ.NALASA. CSENDO" ROK A KARPATOKON NaplOtOredekek az UngVar,i ee6,2tanzaszl6a1j. 2. sZil-anak. hadiniplOja136l. • MAGYARAiZAT: .0 SIOVJETB-IRODALoM -1944. -öszétö keidvei .:amikOr a keleti ciradat megkOzelitette it • Xci rpcitOk AcigOit, sok ezer eSendOr - ■05L0 0 5ZOVJ E T VAZALLUSOK roltanteisakkal eserelte Jet a tolltts- ktilaptit:S b.ecigt a Honvideig sorai közé, hbgi te.stiVel védea If a ka .8zent FINNORSZ40 Itildj it. Arnikor Htizit •,tzgy kieditta;• egymasitOn sörra kerfiltek a- • Nagyvcirad-i is • •UngVcii.Li.. , . tanztiqzlOciljcik, az AlcnasZlatiita-i,. 134reci4; Debreeen‘i, Illiskolc-i, stb eSeitcliir quiladOk.].isiClOvel .AT-LAN17-1 az Or8#14., •szarnyak 49- osztetkok •kiiiontle"OesySigei. Navcirad- rial• • cso or8parancBnokkpzo sskota• ESZAKI Ellhll UNI6N,Kivik I, 510yJET, •.• tOrzarntesterekbOl •is • altó :Szcilitdai roltamoitak• is • -kiilltak . et egy szatzg A : V ereike-i - TENGE"R E LLENES ALAMOK sZara86an. az ,.Unginii-i-kinZlj:lht .ftZd-a tartotta jet tz. Sitivjet tulerOtlelmorzsolOdasciig. A CSeiielsziget4i1
ON DO MO 5 20 .titRTAKi Onf.ad6.• Szo0jet-tertrtegeket . CseridOr tlj; verte visSZa. A tidal vit. tOrrtegsirjciibilli. kOzel • A • . • • • ••• • • , • • • • • • • • .- •• • . - ..3000 esenclar alussz,a , OrOk almat.• • • • • •-•- • - • ...Bz a nAhAny ai/ca:bitanyitja; hog- a in asendärseg rheOtette. kOtelessiOet Hazcival • Sz.erabeit. ..„.. •• • ••••-••• • -4,944..,oktôber 6: .1.: •• • -1vezem a ragyOg6 Oki -nap sugarait: Elsa faradt.vagyek, Mert most Arkeztem vissza Buda- - - pestt6l. Bucsut .enni voltani SZiileimt61, .MegfiirOdtem.MAgegyeier utoljara a Tiazabap; huesuitairi szOke.niciSolyg6 foly6t61, ahol diak6veim alatt annyi ezelp nyarat tOltOttem. ElAttem van Idea-- atiyain; 6szhajn, ,k6nnyessZemil, de -.bizakodO - alakja; :ambit uteljara Ics6kOlom: meg a- kezet • utana bedlOk • a..gepkocsiba, hogy a por • eltakirja integetO, aldott . kezet. A koncen emlekai . kavarognak el6ttem, .alig hallom.,tiszttarsaim- bastelgetasAt. :R.Ovidesen felillok s ialbUOSuzain a. .:finkt61. Lefekszeni kialudni az :ut faradalmait, .ki.tudja ml kOVetkezik • .• cseng6 hatigja ebreszt,..az .5 Ara: Lakisom a napos csend6r all :feszes . :vigyAZban ,;Flihtuktagy alitzatosatt jelentem•-ritzd6!", ;,T•Oldy-szds.-ur azonnal kekti a FOhadrag,k Urat." : • . •.. , ., 1-- • . • :Belepek a zlj. parancsnOki irodfiba es kivaneSian tekintek tavolleY6TararicsnOkot lielyettegitA vit. Toldy szazades. Una:: ,,Na•- Kare;81,.meletfrtipOk kOVetkeznek.idenizz, itt a:_kivirat!" E.Szavakkal . fogad. • - .- • : • - • •• • • •• .„CO,.. tan. zlj. pacig-tiak Ungvar; Tcibori pOata . 1944. Okt: 6. 4:taitzlj. OssZes leg yverivel;• •ER6VI SZONYOK1 ..r.rtaj)i ileleritmel- 4.9 fOzOkidetkkal felizerelve .helyezkedjik menakh.sz -allaktba g.9 vdrja a .c8a4gat-... g47cocsik erkei et. Menetircii.t y?- • Midi-hie:9On; 8ZolOitin at -Polena-i4: Ott keresse.a 13;. ho. 7. -AZ-ATLANTI UNIO ALLAN A 5,ZOVJE T VAZALLU61..L4M0/0 .eligazi.16.ktizeget.- A leginy84g lcOcsikrOlrte-stcilljort le:El. 1U4S.:psag," ;Felkialtok: ;;Eza ..,,Szavjet.h4.8: elleni-•bevitia-leszr• :Toldy:szi,ttidog nr.:igen16en Oidk •- ? I 9 LAKOSSAt xituxnim6 net v6 LAK03546 laA11.11 , MEGL - 23 h 30:. .I=kor :.vegre .mcitorztigist; er68 : moirajlaet---halltink ::•Biaep • a icatiniigyeletes • esend0 .6 ,.• : ORSZAt, i BEKEHADOSZTALTOK OR SZAC: LetEKSZAM B kehAtiasztal:ioK jelanti, hogy . a • g6Pkoesi ofiilop megerkezett. ,i 05orakoZ61 zeng a kemeny.-.:paranes : MILLIOKBAN 57-4' PIA - “ILL I CIKBAN , ,3z/LI44 • hatalmas.folyAsOkon. A Osend6rosizniak k6pagasat61 reng 6,Zpfliet. A -gi3pkoiCsiostlop:piiratcSoka IsloRv G/A ° 3 4 - LEA/0,4-1mnd° 30 :egy. gk..Zfiszl6e jelenti, hogy 10 csapatsZallitO :ZJAW/A ..g6pkOcsival megerkezett- s azonnal indulni •-:kell._; • S. .Felhivja •a;,,figyebilet,-togy.Szolyv.7an tul 61.,6s.,•Dartiian ve6Z6llyel 1-1,46 A.0-0123zA- kOzeltaniadasia: . - • • • • • • • • • . • • - - ."23-2TG/1/1-1 ROHAMA , • • A ilj..:Soraknziki,A kiirtOs elfujjw-az nné.t Az alv6::-VaroS . csencifebe beleliar6Og a , esend Oic .:, • ;41,10I/A 50 50 3UL0412JA • b.ucstija..NOrnali,tiszteleg 260 Antra indut6 csend6r....Aghy eziedesnr,. rizAivemoRsz. 1,1# tar A tBA NiA ee Davi szazadosok szeniAlyesen.jOttek el katonasterence6t, kivanni. 461e gik ez a felt6.1ajt.46i CIA .S zOR..szA6 ORA2.940-0sz421th-• 30: sz.eretet, ahogy; kOrillvestnek benniiiiket az elvalas ,plllainitabati. . z-4/0.4 1.4 . : /iNvoef: 70 2 4211 FelrakOni a rohanisisaka;.titelset tisttelgek a vitszaniarad6 bajtareak fele, felzugnak a na6triroki: A/4/NETORs7_4b saz ostlo p elindul. • A 0. • iireZetZtASI Ardekl6dOrn a lielyiet f6161: -A lionved 6szinte valasztl-a1 .-(erro:sz..q id.; . 4/5A: 7A4. ,AtiTA iA Ti 51.414 ;:,1EL Y. .14r.eiivr °roe:6k tulerOVel .tetnuidnak„ tailatik.-• _PO kadrtagy •• vrekat is -b.evetilc•- ellenii k." " • - . ' • . . ' . 14x03 UTAA, £OYBEKEHO. /(FROW/ TAR Ardx FEW •M/NPOJSZE 243 213 LBZ.1 • 1944. okt6ber 7. „ -Ejfel után nehany perccel a vakiiiiiiet ejeZakahan buesuzunk tngvartAl..,11dyOS: az ..ejSZakai aZ egyik cigarette,t a mat3ik utan szivjuk a Tezetc5v61. Illiiffliacsig nines veszely: es figyehdli a gYengert magrvilligitott milutat. Egy-egy Sebesfiltszallit6 gePkocsiliajt el mellettdnk n6ha. NerrisokA,ra atfutiink SzAiy-van is N6hany 6g6 geplraesit 016zlinki itt-ott halcittak.lieVernek az a partizanok-tAnyleg_mdkOdtek at :Ajjel. feitunik Polena. AZ,eligazit6 kOZeget ,az asttalnal ulve talfiljuk a.szObaban. Egy ,honVed f6hadnagy az-illet.6...s .kOZli a. parancsot : , Hitjtsan•cik tovtibb-szazados icrek V eierszallcisni, a 13 hOp-hOZ."1WmOndj a:ifieg, hagy. Mar tOkihszoi erdek.16dtek thvbesz6lAn meg6rkezesiink:fe161. Baj lehet 0161, inert- :.egesz Ajjel, tiirelmetlen telefonheszelgeteS
_1 J folyik As a hadosztalyparanCsneksb,gon senki.se fekiidt. le -ma ejjel: Az oszlop elindul. Teljesen: klyirrad mean, e;yilagoesag elOnti ,a hajnali kOdben uaz6 fenyvesellet . J.J.J.J.JJ es sziklas hegyormokat., A K Tan " .Mellettiink vOrOskeresztes g6pkocsik .hajtanak--_el. borzongb.s futkOs bennein7; eiinte :belebiljok a raelOg inotkirba. Sok eit6eniv6s : epfiletbe, a kis szobaban hatalmas terkepasztal mellett talaljuk a ho. pk-Ot dr. vitet Hankovszky melt borzalmas aknatiiz zudul az erd6 szelere.. Az aknak fejiink felett, az aga,kon robbannak. Gyula v .-Orgy urat es vezerkari fOnOket BorOczy Danes --wk. Ornagyot. Siirii cigarettafiiatben. csattanasokkal liserVe Szilankok- eziei es leszakitott agdarabok kOpiagnak:raitrifik. kOpenyiikbe burkolOzva, vartak_bennfiriket. Latszik .rajtuk, hogy -tObb almatlan- ejszaka van - Amennyire csak lehet lapalunk a fOldhOz. Nehanyszor megismetl6dik az aknasoroza,t, • raiajd • mOgOttiik. - . • - -; pokol, A veszteseg elkeserit6. Kiss Erne szkV. elesett. Kiss sza,kastvezetO, aki:tegnap Mindketten kiilOn.terkepet -kapunk atVeve az irasbeli parancsot azonnal olvasom: „2.• csO. • Fermi hadnagy halala utin olyan hOsiesen viselkedett, vezette a szakast harcat es visstavonulasat, szd. a 7.111.. zlj. ple7nalc .(Micskey alez.) akirendeltsegeben (Xecsere 844) vedjen a . Ruski vrch- 681. kOvette szakaszparanesnOkat at• egi uton. A nyakat vagta at az :aknaszilank. Kiss :ezky..4 is :.j • magp., .8cerbin••622. inago: , voniiiaban..Av. es tü amo4atetst a 7.111; tlj. pk. ad. Tulerejii elg. tciniadois eltemetjiik. Bajtarsai fOlaet huznak mOzdulatlan testere, azuronnyal l-turjak az avart,: nem- eseten D-i ircinyban halógcitva v-bnuljcm be a 7.111. zlj.-pk. ,vedlcOrletebe. X. 6. 23..h. Hankovszky vOrgy". fogja a klives fOldet. . A sirra ratakjak :rohainsiaakjat. 16 hOnapi hadistolgalata volt inite- • ennek Tfijekoztatas .celjabOl• egy...darabig elkiser..benniinket a • vk.. fOnOk. Osend6reink gepkocsikon- a der fiunak niegjarta a Don-ifrentot, Kiseziist Vitezsegi arenaniel tart haza, alig par henapja : : . , .irtOrosaii ,kiflYetnek benininket. Most Forgo hadnagy tilat elsO kocsm . es kezzel-labbal eraeklOdik lariat a csend6rseghez. A kOteleasegteljesites inezejen elesett fiut hiaba ,varjak az 6sz azill6k ,a..kapott paranes-.felOL -Mirtatok- keletre e oppig ztoiy csövet is arra forditom. Gyurka ,tapaol •Kiiicagon. • : • s .ujjong;.sisakjat lObalja. . • • . . • EgYik tfizatiliietben odainaszok a sicimSted gyalOgos sza. paranasnok hareallaspontjahoz. Nehany. km el odeb,la megallunk,.. a Cserid6rOk:is ..kistallnak. Az. nt. mellett. ismet ejt6ernyOsOk KOlcsOnOs OrOMMet unitatkozunk be: IFiatal, szOke cegledi fin. EllreSeredve "inOndja,, bogy :.tit pilionnek,,egy.honved Ian s odajOn hottain,akkor ismeiem meg Pajo .r Gyirrk 4t, a szoluoki• azinhaz- is volt 10 halottja;18 negy sulyes sebesiilt4 _-_gondriokfiat Ms •utebbi ket het alatt stizada 25 f6re csOkkent. Ma az Oyuika,.Te ejtOernydslette.1.77 . ,kilt.I.tok14, a fiu moSolyog a buszkOn mondja PokrOcba csaYarire, Op az inient kfildetett hatra. •Mindezt f6leg az , akna, csinalja; NYUgOdtan : • meg .p.caig a aildb04!"- Ka-tat ratunk s na4rii4 megyiink tovabb .gyalog, BorOczy Orhagy .. urral. stitja cigarettaj at; beletOr6dOtt sorsaba, Oreg frontkatona, neni iameri mar a-felelmet: Az • .6inagy sir egy..utkanyarban, • ahel szetValrialr : va- hegyek, eligazit :beniiiinket. A •terepen •Elbue,sinOm Kovacs fOhadnagytO1,, , visszakuszom embereimhez. UtkOzben nehanYstOr . meg • ..pititatja a parancsban szerep16 tampontokat,_majd-,EOviclen hozzaffizi: ,,i1074aan szO liuk,-4ogy • • lailienek,a :gyalogosok voriii.laban..Szakallasak, faradtak, mozdulatlanul fekszenek az look .mell-- • • a Honvedsig :most rendezk.edik be ai Arpód.-vonalban. A. niigy Veszte-segek miatt ez. neht megy olYan- ;vedjen s neznek az ellenieg fele. A haboru nainden szenvedese leri E derek-alfOldi ifiuk •siintein. RatOk s az ejtOernyiisOkre avert vart.sziiksig; bogy a. nagY Szovjet elOretOreSt meyakaddlyozzcitok , viselik a roppant faradalmakat, cinipa veszely at eletiik, de Ok lest amoltak mindennel. •8 tOkSzOnelkiil biltositsci,tOk a :horivedek berendezkedeset, mert ha az ellenSeg betbr az.:4.ipeta vonalba,• akkor in ,.01yanok; mint a gepek. Kitartanak a yegsOkig s ha kell orostlankent tainadnak Oa .h6Skent ;.siabad elOtte. az ut:" Ezutari visszaterfink a z1j-hOZ, az •6rnagy ur elbucsutik, Orajara nez s tavoz6 EgYt61-egyig. Gondolataim szaguldanak: OrOk elisnieres a gyalogafignak. A hatorstag. -aiitejabOl .meg visszaszOli „Siessetek!" elkepzelni.nein tudja azt a roppant aldozatot, melyet etek a fiuk az otthon nyugoat eleteert, Siiiget .az id6 s marls adorn•.paranosot „2. szakaiz eleiVed! Csatciroszlop, szakaszonkent a nemzet becsiileteert hotnak. fcivkiiz! Indul r • •• • ••• • • . A nap letilaben van, kezd hilvOs lenni a Karpati renget,egberi. A stiklahasadekabel gep7- -Magarna fOcsapat , elehez csatlakozoni..Hoaszura elnyult szd-om Mar a • „senki fOldjen? nienetel. piaztolytiiz lallatazik. A bOlsi el66isOk ismet tapogateznak, sziVitrognak. Hanaarosan felfedetzlik • Mai neni. Orzünk faradtsagot• figyeljiik a szemkOzti hegyvonnlatokat, • ott kell inegallitani 6,- lopakodO sOtat arnyakat, rengetegen vannaki mintha az egesz erd6 megelevenedett . volna: , orostOkat, • .talan mar ott is vannak... Nyirfakereszt,es, kicsi h6sitemet6k .mellett Vezet et az iitunk,,fenyOsor szegelyezi Oket..Itt, vilighaborrisla6aOk, apaink es bajtarsaink cs .ontjai porladnak 1944. aktOber 9. egyfitt; • Tiaztelgfink a nema -airoknak a ..megyiink toyabb. KidOntOtt • telefonoszlopok heVerrtek -8 h kOriil megkapjuk a :visszavonulasi parancsot BeVenulasi cel Zakanyliird6 kOts •eg az .• atelen, .itt-Ott .tfizeraegi es aknalOvedekekt61 azarmazO gOdrOket talalunk. UtelagazashOz .Arpita vonal mOgOtt. A:menetoszlopba fejlOdOtt zlj. mOgOtt On is felallitorn felere apadt szizadomat • 1.kriink, ref. elkanyar.odunk. jobbra- FelsOverecke .-fele, az I. azd: tOvabbmenatel AlsOvereckera. ElszonioritO a kip.. Forg0 hdgy. Szakaszabal 10 csenddr niaradt. Fekete fdtOrm-ebOl . : 10, Csanyi- -:Int,egetfink-egymasnak, naig el nem takar a hegyvenulat. Fejiink felett mar siivitnek a granatok, z1s4bill 13, a tartalek •szakaszb61 22 csenddr van egyfitt. 63-an maradtunk Osszesen, a hlanyzdk •.foiyik 4, kOlcsOnOs tfizerisegi parbaj.. • • • • - elastek, megsibesilltek, vagy .eltfintek. 3 nap elkeseredett ès viltOzatos harp Utfin 50-%as VeSzleaft.. • Lasaanifeltiinik.FelsOvereckatornya, nehany perc mUlva a faluban vagy-unk. Egy er6s rajjal Egy ejtOerny6s fOhadnagy bajtarssal naegylink egynaas naellett Osier iitemben szidjuka, bolait. • •-atfeafiltete.m • a . faint, kOzben a szak pk,Okat magainhot rendelye.eligatitast tartok- Forge gel elOttiink; hol mOgOttiink va,g- be az akna de nines niegallas es az .utiO1 sem lehet leteriai; nagyot a geppuskaaszakasszal a Scerbinre kiildörn. Csanyi z1S. a 2:szakasszal a Ruski vrch4 azallja mert ala; van almaz.va: Egy his falun vetet at az .orszagut: A ruizin lakOssag.ketsegbeesetten naeg. feketc•-f6tOrm. • TirasorArOi,segben,elallja la! szoroSt. SzabO fOtOr.m.• szakasza szazad tartalek. kuporog a fa,lak•-es gOdrOk vedelineben. So .haz es csiir lfingokbaM ell, az Orosz ide: is .:ForgOliaanagy. hatarozOttart s elevenenintezkedik; bitakodOart rat elie all; csak ket terepkutatet • Egy csOpert asszoiiy , a rohamsisak ellenere- niegisrner beriniinkét és bariatoS hangon ;nióndjak kiild:imaga- ..elOtt a elindalnak .az ismereden hegycsucs • • • - • • . „Men áldja csinclOr ur." • . . • -A. fejlink félett .kOze nj hangok vegyiibiek. Hatalnaas ,csattandsok. Az ormizoli • 1 A messzesegben vegre felttinik a betOnerOd. Az OrOin maggyorsitja1epteinket, faradt tagjairikba mar_lbenniinket eelózgatnak. A tartalek ,• szakastriak- 0,tonnal elrendelem -a ..beasast...RadiOyal • 4;6115 kOltOzik. Kornoly er6drendszer all elOttiink. Letantjuk a roltamsiSakot s lengetv.e iidvOzOli laivjirk a teat-vet azd-ot. Toldy szazados kOzli i.hogy er6s akiaattiz alatt.allanak a az orost gyalogsag Aka honvideket Friss era, bOrOtvalt arcok, niiiidenfele aleazoitlOvegek,. _ rgeppuSkak talalhatOk. Mar afahi tu1S6 azelet thmadja. • - • • • • • • • • • •„Ide nicir jOhet a bolsii" niondom ejtOerhY6e.kollegamna,k. . ,Az.orost bennfinket is ,egyre .erOsebben.aknaz..Ignact tizedest lOtistgOdreben felitalajat erte. 1944. oktOber 10. . Szegeny-fiut• daribokra- staggatta az akna. Geppisttolya . felisiterlietetlenaegig. szethajlett. ....tObbieknek -semmi bajiik sem tOrtent .E1s6 .halottunk .szatnitra Birk asatok a tomploni oldalanal. S J.): begOrdfil Vonatunk a Szolyia- i allomasrra. EligazitO kOzeg var. Micskey let.ur • Ignact prObacsandOr tizedea halala melyen inegliatott,Ae nem sok idO jut eten tOprengeni. Yestett z1j4 atonnal Pelenara indul a onnin bevetesre kerfilnek. Szorrioruan laucsuzom a honvedekt61. ,lairs.katiit éa kezigianat rObbanasOk • hangjat-- hozza .• felem a azel.• -.HiivOsOdik a kis.. karpataljai Megsterettiik. Oket a balsorsban, Osszeatoktimk a kOzOs harcban. Osateszorul a .torkom, niikOi- falubam ahoLezer.evvelezelOtt.AiPad apank el6szOr pihent meg. • •• Micskey aletredes urOs tisitikara. elOtt tisztelgek. „Isten Veled fiant" szOl Yissza a lasSan fOleg,e, Scerbinfe161 kOzeledik; Embereirn.:1Ovesrekeszen •figyelne.k a kOdOs hegycsuca . gepkocaibOL •„:fele..Egyster csak_O sebesiilt .cseridOr vanszorog abbOl :az iranybOl felein..Egyiknbk:karja, Iriasiknak • hadosttalypsag-i tOrzsirodaban az egyilir asztalnal fil 13OrOczy vk. Orgy. ur. OrOrrimal jolerit, • laba litarrnadilt.haalOYeaael tantorgott idaig. ,Osupa ver• letepett ,ruhajuk. KoVics .pro. .kezeni nal°, is Feltiin6en csendes és szornoru.- Kerdesenare eltnondja, - hogy a DèliKãrpatokon cab titadea-jclenti, bogy :E#go hiianagy relesett. • •• . • - • itkelt-Szoijet .hadsereg a roman irulas kOvetkezteben eltoglalta Debrecent s a ,szovjet- PanCelosak- . • MegdObbenteri neték a- atenVeilek Seheifilt ardaba s •ketem;,.EOViden jelentse nai:tOrtent odafOnt? "ini! .Nyiregyhazat timadjak. A hir az arconara fagyasztja a stet! annyit tridok mondani: „Sz.Orityii- seMini kiildnOS nem tort eat A • seg,7 Ai Ornagy ur legyint kezevel . e ezzel bucsuzik: „Ne gohdolkozz, el kell szcinni magfpikat - a csucs -kOzelebSn leeidteklaknciini ,.az or.os.Zok, de:meg- akkor .sein Olt : semmi baj,A isadnagy urfn.tent• tegsOkre." (PorOczy .vk. Ornagy a KarpatOk vedelmeben hOsi halalt halt. H. U. naegjegyzeSe): szOlalt..9. neg. 4 esnes szsklas kozul d a hadnagy ur összeesett.-A kOvetketO , A falubaii niegtalaljuk malhainkat, melyet a testverszazad nehany embere Oniz. Szinte.elairjUk psllanatban ilmet sz4jcibOl Plyt a per,- s. u0y - kiciltotta „14ajra,. utanam!" Megindultunk a magunkat, amikor halljuk, hogy Sarudy Laci liOsi halalt halt. A testVerszfizad elkeseredettkhz.- ,SZi1clak fele. A g4ppithka hiisstit .sOrolatOkeit • tiiielt . s Mi•-robanuiztunk. A h,adnagy •Ur bads .keizben ehneben 40 csenddr bajtarstmk esett el. Dobos es Nagy fOtOrzsOrmesterek aknaszilanktel.sulyosan ujbol OSszeedett,: 0 volt. lege101. K eligrciUatokctt elobva megrohamoztu.k a szikkis_reSzt. TObbre-- en •dern naegsebesfiltek. Legendat ineseltek Tarjani Beftalan szakaszvetet6r61, aki kezigrankt- es Op- , eUdeksZem, csak. arra, Logy orasz . halottak. .kOzt. tertent. .inagamhoz. Szakaszunk. roltaina Sikerii1.1,- a pisztoly kOzelhard soran raja elan tort a aital megszallt vonalba es a veres kOzelharcban tettit ellcigleatnk:" ,.• • • 84 orosit kfildOtt rajaval a masvilagra. Sulyos sebesiilessel szallitpttak kOrhazba. . . -..:1944.:;•OktObrei Lassan leizall az est, a faradt szazad:piheriOre keszfil. Ungvar Ota elOszOr keriihaekle aKarPâti .sziklakon elrongyolOdOtt csendOrcsizmak Csanyi tls- sal ott ulunk koztuk StOtlanOk., :: at 9,1 4..:OsendOit :a stake,. dek-atelehet .nehogy Me le- en -Valarn er6 . "ci.thh Areir dA mi F44i hr437. Aliin12- wtrif.ntf. rmifa 4A/1a .L-Ce - . - .
• a Leinb ergre törtOnfl 3..) A koreai UNO-harler6.!_eikertelensege.nem.• •zOmiik ..-felfddozapayal • rnagyarazhatO kizarOlag az ellenfel thlerejevel. nernet visszaveinnlast ee ,ez. tOrtent: az :-egisz A nyilvanessfigto,_ hozott adatok -szerint,.. meg Magyar, tOrteneleniben,- ahol Europa sziireseir • : ...... , ,KOr.e4i:j,13.a,tiitrapkozta1atOk • es Euibpai ketezeres titlerOvel sem .tamadt az ellenseg hagyta -a -magyart verezni. Pe4ig elfogadott siabaly es tapasztalat; bogy A koalicies . baborunak ez a .legnagyobb Ez a eikk a szciidzfOldi erbk I ejlesztese mellett tOr • palcat es latszOlag ellentetben van a-iult sz4- tait66 vedelmet7is bell es lehet haAnszorog. gyenkOje Os ez a keidea: az . eurOpai vedelem • - .BebiZonyitetta, ezt a - Mankban megjelent Korea esete bizonyitja" cimii tanulmcinityal, aine/y tuler6 ellen, •, is vallalni:• felepiteeenek is egyik - igazi : .prObak5Ve.: A 1049 cizt, fejtegette; hog y. ,A II, Yilaghabciru hareat folyseiAn . . a:- magyar vezeteS itiegszervezee akitOr.. • - -zati gyOzelem:utjet. , a vileig legterenek korlatlan uralnta revert nyitna." koahichos katonat :- - .Ln : . -csapatOk is.I A Karpatokbaii, Tor- helyes; ha arinak minden reszt evd.jet: a -,teljea yegében Mindket- tanutmanynak igaza Van. A , leg yn erkezeiben c sulyt kell kipezni niert -Guderian: leggagkigabb orsZcig,hadipotencialja s s darial eppugy,.. ,mint: ,.Budapestnel. :, egyentangusig erzete hatjä at felkeSziiifSegben --.- . zetlorgcicSOlOclik,Ketsegtelen, hogs az U. ,k$ 4-nak vezAiezredeS haditapasztaIntsa ismertet6..nem eiyarfitit. — • - • • egi Meg/0146, meretu siarageildi hadero - Os . : •, . - r• mellett geopOlitikai es hactiipari adott,Scigainal fogVa diosorban .0g:megjelent-kOnyveberi kifejti; hogykorSzerii- • egg" indent elopro 7zadasZati szerreze,si .•.! 1 -- pi:16nZigierO kifejlisztesere evert hell torelcednee Ez•viseenzt logikusan- Maga ittein . nehezon felsierelt nernet esapatekkal, 13.6.ronastoros elkeplelni. Olyan , • ;•,.. _ugyancsak sziikseges szcirazfOldi ere; ziimet; a igy elsOsOrkan szoyjet. titlerOVel ezernben yallalja a -taniadaet inegeldb,st; , ro,reely vegYes neirizetiSegit sereg yUgateircipanak kelt adriia,- amely mindket vikigObarnban . kOzel 309 Itadasztalyt Vetett btstOrOs, bolseVieta_:„tulerOVel •ezeinben a - testekbe szittidekozik a:nyugateui6pa;i.egYsêge- harcba Az USA hqdaszati • hazosztpylipai; . tegierejelolak akkOr biitOSiOatja a, negeo cl_Ont6t, ha ia $zoVjetricik _Sik‘res-vedelmet. bet ovoii silcerul SzaraZ161.4i tul.sullyal NyugatejtrOpat lerahannia 6 :ezr. „ . _ • . aniely egy franc egy iietnpt es egy liarinad eh .altal Meglevti ethbercinyaga „rriellett Olyan Ociiilaicigi ipari eriVorrcisOkat biztositani; melysic kiegyenlitik az USA val szembenijelentegi .A .1pareat baleikerek.: egyk Okat :,talan -a neinzotisOgu hareegysegbflliallana I :eltkintve - - anyagi .6 teChnikezi Acitranycit. . " . , 7 i,tuimotbrithlaAan" kell kereenfink: Ai agyon a nyelyi neh6zSègektól : • • motOriialt gYrdog7Ser. egtest tuisagosan:nehOzites, az :ellei-isêgeskedós ,:niaresak aZcinliogy, Kereabrin 1ejatszOdy5 hadniiivelei;ekr61 Minden .ktitika -esalt :akkor helyes haaz- ,,;iitOyedhibTeet; :.Sajiies beak a . riapilapok :nagyori tagasikodik :gePjariniiVeliez melyik ogYse-g . . :•hasabjairol •thdunk epit6 es pozitiv :sielleniii i „.Vagyie ha az abbel ei rni:ketiet es . iPpen ezert .- illandO bekeritesekrielt Az eerOirei yedeleni rendszereben ez alkotai..Nehez kritikát gyakorolni vont -kOyetkezteteseket hasznceitjhk.. a jelenre Szervezesi kerdee Olyarikatonal teifykedesi61, ainel gasoknak van -kOVetelnieny annal is inkabb:. Yegrebajthat6: •-• ybene a.z ember Os a jOv6re. A jOv6 pedig, amely mindennel ametorizalitsban is meg bell talaini es tartani 0.944 Maga, nem Vett reszt, illetve nem ismeri inert a legfels6bb lerizEis yesetes a nerved s, fo3.•iit,e6abban itt - all. e16ttuiik Europa-:vedelmei a helyes .nierteket• Azs enrOpai vedelemre lesz,, teljesen eat .:adettsfigokat: A SajtO es egyab felszeretee es kikejnerl eg,yisegesitésie..tiirekszik,, •• anti egyben a keresZteny , kulturVilag eletet l5 ei15.k.SzertrezesenerfigYelemniel , liiraditec -a katenai helyzetnek -megfelel6eia • telOntetbe jErsi • . • vagY halalat is jelenti,. - • . . kell lenni arra; hogy a techii ai felkeszilltseg A. vasfiiggOny , mOgOtti: nepek • ny4ge,tia ilein..fukarkednak a kritikaval, de meg ezek tfizfegyverek biZtositaaa né triejijen. •• • kOZOtt is kiemelkedik a A. fent ismertetett. .Os fOlg nyea. szorult katernii azernezOgeb61 a fentiekba.arra ,. tObb eurepai radio i.. tapasZtalatokbOl mezgekonysitg es- a teiepoir valO alkalmaz- .tnunk, bee Ear6Pa •• • ••• • -••-. • . adOallenias es . Ilabhiakat kell megallaPitanunk: kOvetkezteteere bell _ju napilap Altai atvett eikk. Ez - - ..katenai - •••• ••• az egyik Vezet6 tOrOk lapban napvilagot hatOsag revasitra. • vedelineben minden erintett nemzet L ) Az erkOlcsi erk, mint • hell illitaM, ha erkiilcei ereje, haierit litett. ark • lea bir6,1atot. gyakorol. ,.a .koreai a hare megViVisinak erejêt be elsdreirdii Onyeaje Mfg ma is anyag, -a cy-A koaliCiOe katoiiai Vezetes tetnieeieteb61: Makaritsa aria alkalniaSea,t.eezi: -UNO-liader6 hare/Will kapeeolatosan. eilivetsegee rendsZerint- - • • - technika Uralmariak viligiban — döntö tanyezii. adOdik, bogy a iLS,gy felaldozta ikeveebbe felszerelt • es .gYengebb E kis nePek . - hard trePt is a lêtszimakilak • . . Megallapitja, bogy az .UNO.. esapatai a korszerif. felezereles -rnellett az erkOlesi --er6 kllzdOtOrsOt, bogy sajat e.fejet a,,,-vegs6 dOntes -inegfele16 saj t zart: ::kiitelOiben ell - .06161)0 • - 1•;:,•_•••,•:•,•.•• • • • : kinat . nagysaga-hatarnZia meg a hader6 iit6kepeesegi : • . •. ellentanarlas kOvetkezteben „terusieriit- • ten •• ,foka4.- A korszerii:- •hezekoesiliez ., kell a bittor. erdekeben kimlje. Ezra-inagatartas nerii olyan OsSzeofini. . . • Vad Vissiavini"ukiSt hajtottak vegre," hoha logiktis, mint -.nettnyire fajdalmaa Ez,,tOrtent - • tainadaseal sz.amolitiok. kellett, • iv, amelySat el6rehajtja. Lehet a geppisztely A -IsTrigatnak legalabb most az utolso.:. teliat: nen erhette sem- a vezet es. :Ickigranat.- helyett eturenyOs pliskaVal inamiar esapatokkal is ITOrenYezenel; 24. Orabs,n felreteve minden- nniltbeli gat, sem a is -a .3. inavar hadtest hOsi kitartitaaVal biztosi--- eisapPatokat meglepeteeezeriien• . gy6zelinet ha drezelfije .fiterzi amiert - Os:. elOiteletet, magas- eikOleai: ei6Vel •., . _ . - • - ) 0,106: iternet .badaereg viei7 szeevet • hareel-, hareelni akarjes ;mei tott.a a t6le, A7. 1. -igaZi. kateitatOnibbe .kell koyaeepled;: , Ait jrja a torok kritika, at;:ei,ail, Magyar husitair-hadoSz- rendelkeZ6 : hogY,:a kinaiak etiavonnlag nia; ha sajât inagli.t. OS: a rikage,tilkelteiVi3140t.:• Bern volt olyan nagY, mint :Az .eurOpai Vedelem Vars Mirtszki ., beton ht. irrienten; , . megazerVezesenek most i t,allyal --meg akarja Menteri ,ahogy azt hirdetik Megallapitast nyert, bogy foly6 - .Nqtaibi4 -elsOserban ,ait Irell-fig,yerenibe 6Z-, 1944. 6.azen a RarPatok - -. ERADONYL lioreaban noVerriber vegen tenyleg • •erdekelt • nep a. : 16. .es 7. gy. hadosztalyek bizteeite ttaki . rj:rtlyciir - • • .esapatok ereje neni - erkOlesii er6C rejt magahan a -harO-raegtriva0i- .. , . . • ,..,. .. ,.. .. - ... . , ,,,, - - haladta:hiea 250.000 f6t.: Ezzel ti.hader6vel; hoz;Ezèn :-ely alapjOn. az At anti z:dveisf3s , ..:, • . ,. , . . - . , - -, szeniban az UNO ceapatokilegalabb 156:000 - .. . .. - , - - • . --. - --. -- : ..-. enibeirel • rendelkeitek es olyan lehenger16 - tekintetbe kell venni , neniceak. a neinet, , sy ve-rek .legi:es :anYagi fOlentiyel, bogy fehti adottfiagok -•.-neinzeteket, 1e a bolseilstä ---N:êiii-- - et..-- titk-, . . ... os.:feg-_-.. . . inellett a tervezerii elleitallast Meg kellett •--elnyonias Watt : .- irepek nyugatra , -szortilf- . . . ._ .. „ ._. .nieg lehetett -velna siervezni. - •• • k.atonaiirejetiS.:-Ert ir-.si,irriszeriileg kOrszakba7. 1, kijcitSto04, .1c, . nem nagy, :-. A .nernetek d VerSailles-i szerziiiies:kathniti.hatdrOzVarivait mar a Wei r-i de helii isrnereteirielesrelszint kilzderii•akatiSh--. hatalemict jatitscitO1 keiclne igedig:nyiltan ,fegynerkeitek .NOVicl idO alatt "N eMet- .• . • A la6siesen kiizd6 tOrOk cespatokat ert :nal fOgva Anna! ,eit610ebb . es 1933:01i illitler., . erdt nein ors04lizambe•li-.- es 4#00, j0144Ye -Piiim(Yva •Ocilt :szanistedeti:;kOziitt. EZ.-.4.:•10/eAk biztoSitotta.•-keic14:1- : . fajd_almas; yeszteseg k5vetkeztOben azt - a _ .z-t4k,-- Eeningract- 6 Iliditikn al . .-.: sikereit az- 1939 -140.;eh ' gvekben. -.0roszOr8ziig leg yeitehet :19:411fe flirve- .-kerdest fetveti a tOrOk szakember, hogy_ SzitasS4cin in,e0ttirt, ;;.Tel. tci.born•ok pec4g ,...- .. ,. iniert.ep -atOrOlc-dandarra haritottakismetelteia I_Eorettlian bebiZonypeodett; - birtakbavetelevel: , :Leningrad- .ostiOnia - vtirOs: katona l katOhai dontOst a lOgi ee a Maszknit :elbvcirOSaba :betOrt- yianceiosOkat cillitOtta Meg: , -.la-Pan neni ellensulybita Arnerikecnaka ;at Uteved sierePet ? - Arra a. tOrOk dandarra, - .tengeri er6k -nein gat Iszemben.. .•-• - - .--• biztOpithatjaki -- kizarelag6g herboryba vata beleiieset es igi. 1.941: Vegen Nemei.orSzag az egesz vil,c tggal tatalki • ma. . . . amelynek: nem vOltak gepesitett sz5,llitO at a hare Meg, -- - . • • ._..- • . . - ,:- • - - - . . . . •eszkOzei, tehat gyalogosan kellett a yissza- ViVaSaltez elkeruihetetlenul sziikieg van-magas . EttO1 logna a ,neinet Vezetes•elOtt vilagOssa vcilt, hogy a lzeiboru vegs5 .kijnenetele kedve,zOtlenneiorditlt. •iroinilitst es az uteved -hareot. vegrehajtania erkOleSi_ 46yelibire -,ezirazfOldi iceaPOra..Eien A szambeli 6 anycigi:jOleny .ellensuloil,z.sara egyetlen megokkiskeninj hdiasos ltarCeszkdziik .bifjeteSe .- akkor, -amikor a halogatO hare kimondottan gYalegeee -ea a panOlose nog inindig jiihetett tekintetbe: Az 1942 cc Stalirtgrad-i -kuclarc esak :fokOZta ciz uj esZkiiziik alkalmathsclOia-k . dOnt6, eze: A fOleriyee ,legi e1tengeri hador6 . . „ ,. ,. . . .,. . . gyorsan-mozgO, azaz Motorizalt egysegek fela- sziiksegesSeget. - - . - . - - .", _ . —- - - " . - . - - .. . - •. - • .. .... I. -..; . data, - meglcOnnyiti hgYan a legfelS6 vezetes eSelekvesi . .. - -- . - - , • : : lehet6segeit, der„teriiletet elfoglairri,iriregtartani , Ivy szitlettek mega titkos fegyverek. - , . • . - - , -: - , , .. .._.; . : ...... __ ..._:.i.... • Azt a VegkOvetkeztetest vonja. le a eZerz6, es faleg az ellenSeg haderejenek rnegSetnniisitese- • hogy az . . LecAbbjiik terOe- - nieg- . a habOru folantetri elke,szli.lt,.--ii,e ,inegvalOSitaSnkra-- 6 :."tOrneggyartetsiikra ,;(1S.A:nak van katonanenizette kelt vel a • hadfiszati:- , d ariteSt . biztösitanj csak allttani. Er ?ttObbi•jelszaVa . --- • - nein jnaradt mar idd.:Az ..egesz nemet.ipart;:sOt az egêsz hadvezetest at kelktt Valnict,- ha a bekOvetkezii. :Vildgmerkeizesben sajcit- . korszeru- :szArazfii,irli-h-rider6lUdirt: SajnoS- 0z- a . . -res miikOclesbe-ileplossenek..::Kez4etben,ai .-- .: _. • ..-- -.. .::., , - . az iclOnygr4 lett; ..4ogy-eCtitkOS fegVverek elkeSzitlb..6Senek 1124,.„9,0;. rvil:cigot --. meg q023.1,4„; kerries-jelenleg4t, etrtOparAf.edelini retidSzetnek - .-: . ,-,....,...... „---,..;.,... .:1./eaehi;,=-Ehlzei • - aers_• , - iii taktika beva t es-min en talvalatnyiteriilet,utoliOkig-tat6 .VeileinteidOtsbiitoiitatt ei::titkOS:legkiiere gyarkiscira. A szOvetseges bombathsok, a belsO szabotcizs e-s a hosszura nyult kiserleti idök kiivetkezteben, .-6azdasAgOs fegyver; 3 torino szerkezettel kOd6 celbavonzOval lattak el (a ho illetOleg, • a csapatok minden hOsi helytcillasa ellenere sem sikerilt az uj fegyverek alkalmazcisethOz sziiksegeS - teiina rObbanOanyagOt visz feny Oriekenyseg segitsegevel), pil6tat iiltettek - 8-10 hOnapos idol biztositani. 1944. vegetOl kezdve a nemet vezerkar veszkicilttisa „idOnyeres" volt, keifelekep . ellensulyoztak: 600 km-Ora, .Fiebes- bele, akit kell6 pillanatban kabinostO1 egyiitt Amint lcitni logjuk nem egeszen alaptalanul. A titkos fegyverek egyresze 1945. mcircius-cipriliscira. r sege folytan vaddazgepek a levegOlientetteli - automatikusan kirobbanttotak a raket6,1361: pedig egy-kit hOnap mulva tOmegbevetesre kesz lett volna. 8 hogy mitOl szabadultak veg a irtalthatlanna, vagy a kilOv O • helyeket .. bein- zOnic A V-2. kival6 tulajdonsagai folytan egesi ismertetes utcin az olvasOra bizzuk. baztak . - Sztivetsegesek az utolsci 24. Oraban, annak megiteleset e • tiorozat-titkos fegyver kiindulO pontjat kepezi. . tcibornok „Report" (magyar nyelven „Igy gyOztiink") cimii kOnyveben Eleg, ha ideiziik Marshall Cseliely .pontoSsaga • eredineriyezte :pilotas Siamos kisebbitett forrnajat a legkillOnbi5Z5bh menekillt meg. Az ellenseg majdnem . :Mondottakat: „Nemzetiink legkomolyabb vcilsagainak egyikeba . valtozatat..: A :veZet6 minty repiilOgepet• o celokra terveztek. Ezek közul ciiak a „WaSier- gyOzött! eel fell irOnyitja o robbOn6t,estet, citt-zybanasba.- fall? nevii kisebbitett Is az ellenseges rep.fil6k Nyugati SzOvetsegesek, illetaeg a SzoVjet kezebe -A nemet titkos legyverek elkesz cillapatban ci 011itja, maga podig ejt5einy5vel • lekiizdesere stant peldanyat emlitjiik meg; herilltelc. Tovcibblejleszteslikkel Is bevetisiikkel egy uj hciboru eseten_biztosan szcimolh,atunk es ez adja - _ 1942-ben Anna .--Reitsclt, a hires neniet pil6tan5 meg azfalabbi ismertetesnek erdekesseget. VezetteikiSerleti celökia az eInft,V1-Ot.. " • TENGERALATTJAHOK.. V-3 elnevezes alatt aZ Oriasi Berta-agyukat Sebezhetetlen tengeralattjhrO kei6 hOnapokban 180 keriilt Volna ki a üzemanyaga metanol- Os siiritett oxigen, ertettek. 120 m hosszu osövü agyu, a lOvedek vagyis a levegOtO11_ fiiggetlen outonotit fegyver. a csOben fokozatosan en i el vegsebesE;Oget. A A • tengerek uralmanak dOnt6 :jelentOsege gyarakbOl. Robbanoanyaga 1 tonna aniatol. Vetese beten Pas de Calais-ban az invazi6kor 50 ilyen 16Veg ebben . ea vilaghaboruban is valtozatlanul volt beepitve. BeeslOsek szerint a tervezett Lithatatlan tengeralattjire.• alaprOl rner6leges iranyban tCirtenik. 25 km meg maradt. 1.940 . juliusaban a nemet had, . . - magassagba hatol igy fel, niajd laSsan kOriv,- 1Oiegszfimmal naponta 10.000 lOvedelret zudit- . Vezetes invaziOhelyett Anglia lassu megfojtas at . 1934-ben fedeztek fel nemet tud6sok bizonyoS . illetve parab6laba, hajlik at rOppalyaja. Hang- battak,vOlna Londonra. Ha a nemetek ezt áz ,hatarozta el, amelyet a tengeri blekadclal akart kemiai reakci6k Altai felszabadulO energia feletti sebessegii, 1550 m-sec. HatOtavolsaga uj feg3rvert idejeben alkalmaztak Volna, London elerni. Ezzel vette kezdetet az angol-nhmet jelent6seget. Ezen az elven alapulnak Walter gyakorlaftilag 350 km. ma csak romokban letezne. p. tengeri. krbaj. Hezdetben a neniet U. hajok fizikus lathatatlan U. hajOi, a Valter hajOk: V-4-nek kereszteltek a V-1. pilOtas valtoza.t diadalrdaikodtak es 1942-ben az elsiillyesztett Kivitelezese igazi technikai remekmii. 22.000 angol hay tonna tarta.lma elerte a havi Hgyetlen mOtorjuk egy kérniai turbina,,m ely alkatreszb51 all es gyartasiihoz tObb, mint • 17-5. visiont a V-2. Is analik egy Vizszinte- - 800.000 br. tOnnfit. ugy a felszini i mint a reeriilesbeni na,vigalaslurz 4000 munkaOra sziikseges. sen . rep516 valtozatinak jkevereke, amellyel sziikseges "hajtOer5t adja. Ez a megoldas a donsagai folytan vedekezes ellené ali Van. - NemetorszagbOl az Ural-i gyarakat terveit6k 44 id6szakban kesziilt kb 1300 nemet 1.940-L szinte korlAtian id eig val6 merillesbeni navigilfist A nemetek allandOan tOkeletesitettek. bomb azni. liajO ke t alapvet6 tipusa az U-7. Is Oz biztoshotta innen - a „Mthatatlan" elnevezes. :volt.- Mindkett6 a felszini haj6zashoz Diesel, a meriileshez pedig elektromotorral miikOdOtt. 1945.majusaig cask nehany MOdel kesifilt TAVVEZ ERELT BOMBA1C - Gyeiige oldaluk a cseltelY rnerulési melyseg, a el, a gyartas meg nem indult meg. Forradalmi - Ida ineriilesbeni hatOsugar (150 km.) lassu le-ill. jelent5segiivoltara jelleinz5, hogy Behest:lege- A reakciO elven alapul6 fegyverek szamos lett volna. A kiserletek.1945 Tebruarjaban felinerilles volt. Erre alapoitak angolok a meriilesbenis meghaladta a 28 csom6t. _ alkalmazast talaltak. A larckocsi elharitasra ertek veget; ipari gyattasara mar nem keriilt ,,terigeralattjar6 torlasz7-t, melynel siiri1 repii15 hasznalt Panzerschreek Is. Panzerfaust kOzis- sor: ljar6rOzessel a felmerillni kenytelen Wageralatt .: Hgyeb ujdonsigok. mertek. A harckocsikat is ellatta,k raketa „pillang6." • .jari5t felderitettek es lebombaztak. Az U. hajOk berendezessel, melynek segitsegkvel a veiideg- Az U. haj6had elkesziileseigegyszerillib marasztal6 orosz darbOl is kOnnyeden kilaboltak A „Schmett,erling" Wagner professzor taplallisara berendezett enter szigetek rnhnya Is a tavvezerelt bombak ltetsektelen inariyag;Selelem,- Mazer) elsayesztêseVel,pedig eszkOzOkkel igyekeztek a nemetek a hianyekat vohui Tigris-ek. Legeredetibb ,alkalmazasuk Otell A ketazemelyes a ket- aiOnban a „szfiguld6 boinbakban . nyer meg- - legsikeriiltebb Tpeldanya. FOldr61 es.. = repii15 Megkisebbitettek az 15.-hajOk milkOdesi augara.t. 13 gepb61:Vethet6; ket kiSegitt; raketaval ellatat Ezek a rendszabalyok 1943 elejen siinte toil4eclOs isebtengeralattjar6 590 km es hat6- valOsitast. Celjuk az ellenseges repillOk lekiiz- Sia:gulci6 bemba. Gyors .:(1000 kin.-Ora) -161- teljesert megbenitottak a tengeralattjar6k sughrralesi 60 mrea merulési m6lyseggel. A dese Is a nemet felSegteriilet bomblizasanak vezerelhet6, nagy hatOsugaru (32 kin.) 15:000 in - miikOdeset. SzOvetsegefiekre nagY veszelyt jelent6 ,;Ziebten- megakadalyozasa lett --Volna. geta attjar6" csak 10 liettel a, haborn vegel magassagig hatasos fegyvti. Elhihet5, bogy - A neinetek uj tengeralat1ar6 tipub Oat keiiilt kis szamban beveteare".A neinetek Wagner professzor eletevel Vallalt. gararidat. berendezessel „X. Sorozot." BOA probleniat a i,Sehnorkel" . 1,945. evben 1000 db gyartaanat iranyoztak el6. anna hogy Minden ;;Pillarig6" biztosan ledzedi OldOttak ineg,_amely lehet6ve tette meriilesben Ebbe a csoportba 7 fajta szttguld6 bombs neki :stant repiil5gepet; PilOths IYaltoiatat )23 a Diesel-motOr hasnalatat. Az ul U-21. A Maider egyszeinelyes torped6 csak kezdet- tartozik. E.zekb61 azonban cep az X .4.. kdriilt is kidolgOitak, szeriaba,n 1945. ; -tengeralattjar6- nieg. ketinotoros Diesel Os ben jatszott jelentOs szerepet. Tulajdonkepen ipari gyartitsra. Kiserleti kOipontja Magdeburg kezdtek gyartani. .elektromos de el6djeivel szemben .tneriil6si ket 66466,0616 - helyezett torpedo, ahol volt. (Sunrjet Zona) , 1-• „Hajna leánya." . inelyage 300 m, akciO-rediusza meriilêsben felS6ben a kezel6 es a motorok, ai alsOban a A bOmbat repiiltigep siallitotta es 500 km, sebessege -tigyancsak meriii6sben :ai lOvedek van. A celt no—goo m-re meg- valamint legicelok ellen keriilhetett bevetesre. Kest egyinfis foIl helyezett raketa; inelyet eddigi 7-9 .helyett 19 csotne,itatOsugafa pedig kOzelitye : a kilOViskor a kabinos resz helyben 6 kin hossiu elektrcimos vezetekkel iisszekOt- a fOldr61 ;vet5411vanyr61 15nek Sebesseget _ marad majd motorja segitsegevel a tampontra tetesben ma,radt, a repiilOgeppel, a,mely minek harom reszben In el, a hats6 raketa az els5 Az uj tengeralattjarObO1 1945.mijiisaban igyekszik vissza. ElOnye, bogy a celt lathatat, segitaIgevel holtbizt,osan iranyitotta kilOvése utan ejttiernylivel esik le. 1 egy tiicatnyi hilt keszen bevétesre 6s a kOiret- meg s igy_kival6 tamad6 fegyver. 1000 km-Ira fdliittisebessege reven a,z ellen- A „Rheintochter" jO taltdati seges repOlOnek a kiterest lehetetlenne tette.- get az R-3-ban azzal fokoztak, hogy Radar A „V" FEGYVEREK. • 7 • - vezerlessel lattak el. Egy oszcillogral vetit6 Ez a fegyver igen komply gondot okozott A reakei6 elven alaPul6 fegyverek egIta Anglia fOldjere A ezzel ujra eletrekeltek a vásznan megjelent az ellensIges repiiI6 Is as volna a szOvetseges legierO nek epenugy, mint ismertek. A kina,iak a lazadO hunok ellen; az reakciOs naeghajtasu fegyverek. R-3-nak repii16 utja. A kezelii kenyeltnes beton az X-7., amely a barckocsikat tizedelte volna arabok Konstantinapoly ostromanal az indus- Ovehelyrdl, radiOvezerlessel vezethette a raketfit meg. a repiilOnek. tOrzsek a gyarmatositO angolokkal szemben • „V-1." ha,sznaltak. 1VIarmont, Napoleon egyik tabor- tizemanYa;ga,, benzin Is a levegO, nielynek Ez a megoldas a legvedelem forradalmosita, „Henschel-298. bomba." noka mar egy evszazaddal ezel6tt.. nagy j6v6t kevereket kezdetben egy elektromos ,gyertya sat jelenthette volna Is egyik legfObb oka jOsolt . e fegyvereknek, mondvan, bogy aze lesz gynjtja. lês6bb éz magatIl; a kett6 erintkeze- Aztomatikus Radar-vezerlessel miikOdik, ki- volt, hogy felelOs net vezet6k meg as 40196 a, siker, aid a raketa rendszeril fegyverekhet SebOlkOvetkezik be, vetese kfilOn berendez essel lOvese utan az ellensêges repull tangja, mint percekben is remenykedtek a vegs5 gyOze- -1,,.3 1-44 A,-;..A4- mhcfnac a vasres7e16ket van7atta maahra a lpmilan TAIRSI IILIET. . • -A ZitINYUALAP- .,,TcijkOtatrisul kozol2uk a Zry Alap ,kèzelesi:;Aza6cili.atAnetic'l.en,.yege.:§ebb Map az- MFIBii-: .:tOrak eileiban a id Cola g i kiadeaok anyrigiftariiaaZa. .• - Fortásal Zrrnyi ade,"„Etadak-:-Utj.ari:..,ferinbiarade. .azgmailiak l?ajtareak::Orikeiltiea falija.alasa;:!jelvenyarik...,t6bblate, aiaz a BK. en, -bethi eleitiet6:•ji-Wedalam.agyreszt;. Zrrnyi A.19.16 beicilye.;:6asiag. T : • " -Killiinaileati. ketelaild6. _ Minden befitetes Kiiitiant. ;. , illet6lég. , ,: W:..f4SegbiScittok. penttarikhOt tPrtenik. A 1 ,.■-etal Oa kiadea, ifyilirintartaberas-egyszarii periZtarkOnyyet kell VeZ011.1;:rA teteleicetr.
Blzottsãgi kazdilkOdai s ellenrzés al tariozik E ealb61 oz- NITIBK. 1 4:"4PCM-tj aban e s foroOpoits j.lai.iattl,int:445;•63..611 •eitOii6 biz ottlig e.lakul.: KoZpoiit 4s. fedgep.alt: -raiinka-iallalOiliet l,alaki4. 1-..:A k6ipcinti-elleri6rZ6 Viiiitiaegban :kat, tagsági h§lyet:01fOcsop-ok: yezet61 . kozul masik keit4t .: a bajtaratilt:W5iiil liatti1taai...A.f6eaap7Ok KOZ13ontial-yonatkoze- szalatibi-Ok-figyelemiJa 14taleval 3 tag ellenorz6: -:•.1)izOtt6figat , alak.itsanak A kozponti ellen. erzeet . felevankent kell foganatositani, rnelyn- ak eszrayetelói ea eredmen y e jegyzökonyvbe foklalandek. ;AZ alszamelast falment6 zaradek.kal : kali ellatni melynak a • Utján regkOzelebb.i azarnaban , tiirten6 kihirdeteaer61 az . ellen6iz6 :bizottalig elntike doskothk .A.Zrinyi Amp kiizponti iigyvazetOje a BIC. :Kiizigzgatisi:-Cstilioitlf0%etkije. - ROVID HIREK OOky Játws vezeiernagyot jann 11-en ,kereeztenyaegiiiik, TedelMaiejet rneltatta. :B.teggeniben kiaartiik utolea utjafti. •. OrOkia sfl j .r.ios:Ii4jte.--rg44 !agy.:1?OrtOnben :maghalt altavaiott- feledhetatlen . bajtaisunkat az egesz katOna; -bajiarsailot irt elégijt :azatralta.-:eL . MakYai- kolonia jelealetelien . Vaavary Jezsaf A Szent. Ltiatle paIlixfsak - " juk adOManyabel,.:.-a Az A ro S.ltal meggyilkolt Kovacs alka1M4601. 3 MAnkakeptélea Attila-f6hadnagy kalalanak egy eves evfordill6; suknak ,Oeszaseiar.i 600. ,E7 Selulhnget kite 6, -1(6 Zi)oat megkoaio.riizta —ic(6ei kestixentaega4rt-nyiljtettak.;::: ;,At si hiz7 - a Magyar. k.oploionoit :„inagyar Siiajittaiek:,-.--ekeaz:.--. as ,-.1?.e..tOlt6.,:- 0,zinmil et eareZata.keratabeii niutattak,,,be. • ---Tgiternilt Magyarot8a.gon 1949 tiefkat .katalikna ,1:(4f61 tartatt eléadást •Az az61;-; falr6l az .-;]araai pit vette iii6g-le.: .k.èt-6Szt$:--4:mis,g-jiat. aaaleclr61; 6si.1-,pti.- -iej:..T.i4j•t6f§iirik. es iaZ .apai .4go 6:115i10.131qo :45,6:;°,41exiill6bb •Ibit,iit-P4151; .b.otv4t a: ,IMagYar. lelkiaeg cserptetók és nádfedlek
Teiateaeyel a hcitiratlapiikricie f6eiapOitja. - • Az- 6,AnOkaaga- alatt:;raigaZtek..; - megnyilatkozása volt •• • Ismételten felkérjuk I .-104gyo::yhtettekiill:... ,Mtinkisall Egyesulete- kogy a .birtankkaii a.ny6464"„:-:karatelien ,k6dolt" (szAktioy r.z44.:-,•41r1.45ici.4, Aaditia elnok • Simon Jan6 a:. lionikatOze,au . -airil.ekta.rgyak; : Zaatlek,;., .) tag.ja Glani- Gaza - a .;48.(ik- effy. lejszolOrar..:. - eiraii..Veraet azavalta, potitAak ,-,a1; .-.Taraay Sarider- bajtareank :inelyen aifinte 1::1,5aatfabh4 miliamarabb bekuldeni azivesked. •ei641.6-a-...-karateben, Znnyi IN/Tildes :sendOlatai jenek. : - , magydi kataqiiieszinerlynak .Keressilk vitezlCublay.pela.refid6rfefaliigye- Mdatott. :Iladfanyi -Andres inagyar,.katana.7 let és Toth laiVait lit dalogos- siatadbet. 44ok4t énekelt, Kia Lajoi A.dy- Endre „Fel- . 1901. aukileztua 22 en POr98 -z14b. .sii110t6tt, siakitt a p4va" c. Orset aZaVaita. .Gfireaer Imre niejna: eIejen. liurealtfik .el az Orciazok volt tbori lelkesz a, magyar .katoriat, mint la,kaaarel. -
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Translation Cut out from the Catholic Hungarians Sunday (4160 Lorain Ave Cleveland 13 0 0hio) dated March 30. 1951.
Appeal to the members of the Comradeship of Hungarian Veterans in America.
I apply to the members of the Comradeship of Hungarian Veterans to aid the American soldiers wounded in their heroic fighting against Communism in Korea by blood-donation. Register at your nearest Red Cross office. They notify you when wanted. To express our deepest thanks to the American people I ask our members to participate in this action as many as possible. Please inform me about it.
U.S.Representative
Filch --) /
Masolat...... Copy.
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Washington 25.D.C. WEF J :hcp , Dec 21 1949. 149-3804
Mr.Laszlo Agh 334 East 82nd Street, New York 28;New York
Dear Mr.Agh: Re: Registration No. 601
This will acknowledge receipt of your registration statement filed pursuant to Section 2 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended. This statement has been given registration NO.601 and all correspondence relating to this matter should contain reference to . that number. The statement was received for filing on December 8, 1949 and therefore your first six months supplemental statemenb will be due within 30 days after June 8,1950 . Forms for filing that statement will be sent to you well in advance of the due date. Sincerely yours,
William E. Foley, chief, Foreign Agents Registration Section
Ena • •-•• • • ••••••• •
• ArNfs e- < ; A S t
Leaders of the CHIT.
Central leader: Maj-Gen Andras ZAKO de Reznek Postal address:Arthivum Hungaritim ,TNNSBRUCK 1.130$Nch. Austria-Europe Residence: Absam near S o1140 I1T:a11 Tirol,AUSTRIA.
, Deputy leader: Col Lajos NADAS Postal addres: see above. Residence: see
US Representative: Laszlo Dr.AGH Postal address:PO.Box 724 NEWARK 1, N.J. Telephone: NEWARK N.J.-BIgelow
;
- Af!, WHITE BOOK concerning the status of Hungarian Prisoners of war illegally retained by the Soviet Union and of Hungarian civilian persons forcedly deported by the Soviet authorities
No one shall be subject to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatmeent or punishment. (Article 5. of the Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations on the December 10th, 1948 in Paris.)
Published by the PW Service of Hungarian Veterans with the cooperation of the newspaper Hungaria
EDITION HUNGARIA From the English edition of this book there were prepared 23 special exemplaires with annexed photostatics of original documents and protocols. Those exemplaires have been submitted-most respectfully and with hopeful confidence-to those leaders of the civilized world who have always shown magnificent human understanding and help for the infinite sufferings of prisoners of war.
His Holiness The Supreme Pontiff, Pius XII. The President of the United States of America, Mr. Harry S. Truman Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury of the United Kingdom, The Rt. Hon. Clement Richvd Attlee, C. H., M. P. The Bundeskanzler of the Western German Republic, Mr. Konrad Adenauer Prime Minister of Italy, Mr. Alcide de Gasperi The Minister of Foreign Affairs of France, Mr. Robert Schuman Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs of the United Kingdom, The Rt. Hon. Ernest Bevin, M. P. The Secretary of State of the United States of America, Mr. Dean Gooderham Acheson The French appointed High Commissioner for Germany, Mr. Andre Francois-Poncet The United Kingdom appointed High Commissioner for Germany, Sir Ivone Augustine Kirkpatrick The United States of America appointed High Commissioner for Germany, Mr. John Jay McCloy The Chief of the General Staff of the French Army, Copyright 1950 by Hungeria General Blanc Printed by Hans ■Holzmann, Bad Wiirishofen, Germany The Chief of the United Kingdom Imperial General Staff, Sir William Joseph Slim, G. B. E., K. C. B., D. S. 0., M. C., Col. W. York, R. and 7th G. R., Hon. Col. R. E. (S. R.) The Chairman of the USA Army-Navy-Air Force Joint Chiefs of Staff, Mr. Omar Nelson Bradley The Secretary General of the United Nations, Mr. Trygve Halvdan Lie The Principal Adviser to Australian Delegation at United HERE ARE THE DATA IN NUMBERS: Nations, Mr. john Douglas Lloyd Hood The Principal Adviser to British Delegation at United Nations, Number of Hungarian prisoners of war held in the Soviet Sir Hubert Miles Gladwyn Jebb C. B., C. M. G. Union 325.000 The Principal -Adviser to the USA Delegatiodat United Nations, Number of Hungarian civilians deported to Soviet territory 295.000 Mr. Warren Austin The Rt. Hon. Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, 0.M., C. H., Total number of Hungarian, military and civilian, taken M. P. prisoner by the Soviet Union 620.000 The Special Adviser at The President of the USA, Deduct repatriated by the Soviet in the years 1945-1948 . 251.000 Mr. John Foster Dulles Deduct persons whose fate is unknown (their previous The President of the European Consultative Assemb4r, residence having been in Czechoslovakia, Roumania and Mr. Paul Henri Spaak Yugoslavia) 150.000 The Chairman Board Governors of the League of Red Cross Societies, Mr. Basil O Connor Total deductible (items 4-5) 401.000 The Director General of the International Refugee Organisation, Total not repatriated to Hungary by the Soviet Union . 219.000 Mr. John Donald Kingsley of these approximately 100.000 Hungarians are still alive and are still held in Soviet camps This book therefore accuses the Soviet Union of having murdered about 119.000 perrons including prisoners of war as well as other de- ported men, women and children. It further accuses the Soviet Union of continuing to retain, contrary to its treaty and the standards of civilized, human conduct more than 100.000 other Hungarian nationals.
This book respectfully appeals to the conscience of the world, especially as institutionalized in the UN, to investigate the fate of these 219.000 Hungarians and to take such action against the perpetrators of this past and continuing genocide as is provided for In the UNO Charta. HERE ARE THE FACTS!
August, 1938 At a personal meeting Adolf Hitler demanded from Nicolas Horthy, Regent of Hungary, that Hungary attack Czechoslovakia jointly with Germany. This overture was refused by Re- gent Horthy.
September 11, 1939 German Foreign Minister Ribbentropp asked Hungarian Foreign Minister Csaky to permit German troops attacking Poland passage across Hungarian territory. The request was refused by the Hungarian Foreign Minister.
October-Nov. 1939 One part of the Polish troops retreating before the German and Soviet-Russian aggressors fled to Hungarian territory. Hungary granted full protection to more than 100.000 Polish refugees from whom later on more than 70.000 joined the Polish refugee-armies established in the Near East and in Western Europe.
1940 Stalin invited the Hungarian government through the Hungarian Minister at Moscow, Kristuffy, to attack Roumania. The proposal was refused by the Hungarian government.
In Nov. and Dec. Hungary sent voluntary troops to the aid of 1940 Finnland which had been attacked by the Soviet Union.
Beginning from French prisoners of war constantly fled from November 1940 German territory to Hungary. The Germans demanded their extradition. The Hungarian Government refused this and granted the Frenchmen protection and free moving in Hungary till the end of the war. • April 2, 1941 The German Government demanded that war in a suitable moment appointed by the Hungary allow the German troops attacking Allies. Yugoslavia to march across Hungary. When Count Paul Teleky the Hungarian Premier February, 1949 The Hungarian Chief of Staff demanded that saw that Hungary was not able to resist the the German High Command withdraw at once German pressure, he committed suicide as the all Hungarian soldiers from the Soviet front only overt sign of protest still left to him. and from the occupied territories, At this time there were only 90.000 Hungarian soldiers on June 22, 1941 The German Minister at Budapest demanded Soviet territory carrying out occupation tasks. from Premier Ladislas Bardossy that Hungary declare war on the Soviet Union. The Hun- garian Cabinet Council refused the demand, As late in the war The German High Command asked permission however, three days later, after Germany had as at the beginning for transit through Hungary of 3000 troop- repeated her demand following upon a Soviet of March 1994 transport railroad cars. This request was air-raid against Hungarian territory, war was refused by Premier 8 9 October 15, 1944 The Gestapo arrested the Regent s son. In a broadcast speech the Regent informed the Hungarian troops that negotiations for ar- mistice were going on. The Germans arrested Regent Horthy and brought him to Germany. The Germans continued then delaying aclions INTRODUCTION. on Hungarian territory during which time in Budapest alone 90.000 Hungarian soldiers Five years ago the fighting in Europe ended but there is today were taken into Soviet captivity. A further neither peace, nor life without fear. For five years now weapons 100.000 Budapest civilians were deported have not .been destroying human lives in open battle in Europe; still summarily to the Soviet Union, human beings continue to be annihilated, invisibly, without any appeal in a far away big, dark empire, in labour-camps and an- January, 1945 The Hungarian counter-government set up in nihilation settlements euphemistically called hospitals." There is Debrecen concluded an armistice with the no protection, no help, no one to raise his voice. This book wants to Allies. break this ghastly silence, it wants to break through the Iron Curtain it wants to break into the rooms of the world s chanceries into the Till Apr. 4, 1945 Soviet troops occupied the whole territory of Hungary. 1 = Soviet Union From Sept. 1945 The USA, Great Britain and France released Percentage of Hun- and East Poland till the end of Dec. all Hungarian prisoners of war — altogether garian soldiers cap- 1946 280.000 men — who had retreated before the tured by the Soviet Soviet to the West and had been taken Red Army, according Hungary prisoners by the Western Powers. to places where captured 1111111111, From Sept 1945 The Soviet Union released 50.000 of the = Austria,- till the end of Dec. 620.000 Hungarians including prisoners of war Czechoslovakia 1946 and deported civilians -who were taken and Germany prisoner by the Soviet troops. chambers of international organizations. This book pleads for justice, From January 1947 The Soviet Union released 110.000 Hungarian when it calls for the freedom of the Hungarian prisoners of war and till December 1997 prisoners of war and deported persons. of the deported, innocent civil persons tossed into modern slavery, (Totaling 160.000 to date.) into permanent and hopeless captivity. It is not our task, within the limited range of this work, to deal From January 1998 The Soviet Union released 91.000 Hungarian with Hungary s policy before and during the war, with the military till December 1948 PW-s and deported civilians. (Totaling to date changes and the diplomatic background of the war. Suffice it to say, 251.000 of 620.000 prisoners held.) that it is generally admitted that the Hungarian is not to be blamed for the outbreak of World War II, that she was involved in this war From January 1949 Not one single Hungarian PW transport ar- driven by the whirlwind of those same dreadful forces before which till December 1999 rived from the Soviet Union in Hungary. larger nations were also helpless. But it is our duty to reiterate and to emphasize the indisputable In 1950 Not one single Hungarian PW transport ar- historical fact that the Hungarian nation,- whose borders were bounded rived from the Soviet Union in Hungary. by Hitler s aggressive empire. 10 11 resisted with main effort the application upon its soil of the in- human laws of total warfare. Opposing itself to Hitler s pressure Union and- of those. Hungarian civil . persons, men, women and Hungary protected Polish and French soldiers and statesmen who children, who as "prisoners of war" were dragged from their homes • bad fled to her territory; she protected the Jews who had fled to and taken to the Soviet Union by the inscrutably cruel and capricious Hungary in order to escape the concentration camps; and later Soviet soldateska . It has been attested by innumerable eye-wit- she protected the British and American prisoners of war who nesses including recognized neutral observers that far away from came under her jurisdiction. the front, even long after the armistice the Soviet man-hunting com- mandos carried away thousands of unhappy "civil PW-s" from the -When she was forced to enter the war she maintained, both on the streets, from their destroyed homes, from their farms. These unfortu- battlefield as well as at home, the rules of humanity and respected nates were impressed into the annihilating network of the Soviet the letter and the spirit of all those international agreements which hard-labour camps, a fate much more cruel for them then for others exist to lessen theliorrors of war. Moreover she did all she could since they arrived destitute defenceless against the attacks of the to shorten the duration of the war. Russian climate. Hunger, cold, epidemics, a pitiless and wild Miro- Neither the Hungarian people nor its imprisoned or ruled leaders cracy the inhuman treatment of a corrupt and imuiderous police can be blamed for the inhumanities which transpired at the end decimated the PW-s and the deported civilians. The millions of men of the war during the German occupation and under the rule of gathered up -by the Soviet Union from Central- and Eeastern Europe the SS-generals. were scattered at random into the Soviet slave-settlements, of which Proportion of Hungarians captured by Of whom did the PW-masses captured by Western Powers and the Soviet Union the Red Army consist? respectively I = Western Powers = soldiers = Soviet Union = civilians Using their own conduct as criteria the Hungarian people naturally expected that Hungarians who fell into foreign captivity would there exist thousands dispersed in the European and Asiatic parts of receive treatment similar to what had been granted by Hungary to the Soviet Union. These settlements were given different names: the allied soldiers taken prisoners by Hungary. There were • This expectation was fulfiled in the West. In France an association 1.Concentration camps, was founded by former French prisoners of war who had found asylum 2.Transient camps, in Hungary. They intervened with their government In the Interest 3.PW labour-camps, of the Hungarian prisoners of war taken prisoner by France. The doors of the French. and later, of the British and American PVV camps 4.So-called "Internment"-camps (hard labour camps for deported were opened to the Hungarian prisoners of war and civilians of foreign nationality), PW hospital-camps (know otherwise as annihilationhospitals). by the end of 1946 the Western Allies had released all Hun- S. garian prisoners of war. taken by them totalling 280.900. Contrary to the tenets of international, laws concerning these the control of the Soviet So much more tragic therefore appears, by contrast, the fate of matters, these camps were placed tinder political police, the NIVD. Even though the PW camps were nominally those Hungarian soldiers who were taken prisoners by the Soviet in the custody of the Red Army, the actual administration and ex- f2 13 ploitation of the available labourers was managed in these camps as in the-others by the MVD. According to the available data, about 119 000 Hungarian men, • women and children were annihilated In these camps with bar- barian mercilessness and with a terrible disregard for the value of CHAPTER I. human life, furthermore about 100 000 Hungarians are still helds in this type of slavery. How the terms of the Hungarian peace treaty were eluded by the Soviet Union. Their own governments, international organizations have already raised their voices, in the interest of German, Japanese, Italian and other PW-s; in the interest of the Hungarians, the Soviet s more The Peace Treaty signed by Hungary and the USA, U. K., USSR, tragic and loneliest captives, however nobody has raised his voice Australia, South Africa, Canada, New Zealand, Byelorussian SSR, largely because the present Hungarian Communist regime has Ukrainian SSR, Yugoslavia and Czekoslovakia contains the following betrayed them in a mean and cowardly manner. And sadly enough dispositions concerning the repatriation of Hungarian PW-s. nobody raises his voice in their interest now, five years after the war has ended, even while they are being brought before the courts- TREATY of PEACE martial of the -MVD accused of "war-crimes" never-committed, tried with without benefit of counsel, without the possibility of defending them- HUNGARY, 1997 selves, most often not even understanding the language of the court PART III. and certainly without any hope of justice. The Hungarian Govern- Section II. — Article 21. ment does not protest for it is -with these human lives that the present Bolshevistic regime pays in part for the support it had 1.Hungarian prisoners of war shall be repatriated as soon. as received from Moscow in seizing the power in Hungary. possible, in accordance with arrengements agreed upon by the , Nobody raises his voice for them yet if everybody else is silent the individual Powers detaining them and Hungary. stones will shout. This cry has to reach the conscience of the world. 2. All costs, including maintenance costs, incurred in moving We expelled emigrants, weak though we are present therefore to the Hungarian prisoners of war from their respective assembly world proofs and documents exposing the Soviet system in the treat- points, as chosen by the Government of the Allied or Associa- ment of Hungarian captives. Collecting and acquiring these data ted Power concerned, to the point of their entry into Hun- from the countries behind the Iron Curtain presented almost super- garian territory, shall be worne by the Hungarian Government. human difficulties. The sources of information for much of one data are still exposed to the danger of Communist punishment and to At the time that these paragraphs were written and when the Soviet vengeance; for this reason in publishing this book we have Hungarian peace treaty was signed, the Western Powers had already had to conceal their names, repatriated all Hungarian PW-s held by them, therefore they were no longer directly concerned with the PW question. Consequently The original documents, however, are in our possession and we not having any positive obligations on this respect, the Western are prepared to place them at the disposal of any serious inter- national forum. Powers accepted the above language as an- agreed test despite its failure to establish any concrete criteria regarding that the repatri- We cry for help and we are impetuous because we plead for those ation of Hungarians still in captivity occur within a fixed period of who are still alive but May soon disappear into the maw of the time. Even so point 1 of Article 21 does state that the powers insatiably gluttonous mass graves of the system detaining Hungarian PW-s and Hungary shall come to a special We demand satisfaction for those innocently annihilated, pro- agreement concerning the repatriation of the PW-s. To this date not tection and succour for the families left orphan, punishment for a single such agreement has been concluded. the guilty, and .freedom for the captives. As concerns the Western Powers, however, this was not necessary because at that time already no Hungarian PW-s were held by them. 14 15 The Soviet Union, on the other hand deliberately delayed the arise about the repatriation of the PW-s, should it slowly become evident that tens of thousands are missing, nobody would dare to effectuation of the agreement in order to use this question too, object to it nobody could look for the tens of thousands of vanished as a propaganda tool in reaching her goals in Hungary, shadows in the plains of Siberia or in the hard-labour settlements in holding out the promise of repatriation in return for political acquies- the vicinity of the Polar Sea because no one must question what the cence in the acts of Hungary s Communist masters. Beyond this "great" Stalin had promised, the "glorious" Soviet Union must not consideration, however, the Soviet Union frustrated the effectuation be bothered by doubts, questions and claims. According to the of the special agreement prescribed in the peace treaty for another Communists the promise of the "great" Stalin is worth more than reason as well. For, if a fixed termination date had been established any international agreement. the USSR would have had to reckon with the circumstance upon the Thus it transpired that the agreement which was to have been expiration of the agreed period Hungarian public opinion would have concluded according to Article 21 of the Peace Treaty was never asked a precise accounting of the state of the Hungarian PW-s and completed and the Hungarian people had no possibility of demanding deported civilians. And in this case it would have been impossible an accounting for the 219.000 missing Hungarians. for the USSR to conceal in what large numbers these unhappy de- ported people had perished in the camps of the Soviet Union. According to an official report published by the US Red Cross, 99 .1. of Obviously, the preparation of the agreement should have been American soldiers freed from German PW-camps survived captivity, and urged above all by the Hungarian Government since the fate of returned home. Hungarian citizens was involved. Hungary s Communists, however, did not allow any such action and tried to present the PW-question to the Hungarian people in a manner, which pretended there was no Soviet obligation whatsoever in the matter and that it depended entirely upon the Soviet Union s good will as to whom she released and when. It was implied throughout that the Soviet Union s good will had to be bought with political and economic recompenses. Culminating the propaganda swindle of the Communist regime con- cerning the PW question, on May 7, 1947 a delegation of 100 women went to Mathias Rakosi, general-secretary of the Communist , Party of Hungary, and asked him to intervene with Stalin in the interest And what fate do Hungarian PW-s have In the Soviet Union 5 years of the repatriation of the Hungarian PW-s. As is customary in con- after the end of the wart nection with such arranged actions Stalin did not refuse the unexpected" request of his Budapest governor end wired back on May 12, 1947 that in consequence of the "intervention" pi Rakosi and the Communist Party of Hungary, he would comply with the request of the Hungarian women, and that he would release all Hun- = repatriated up to now = those still staying away or dead garian PW-s in a short time. With these tactics the Communists wanted to reach two goals. First an action which was not only natural bat obligatory according to military law , international law and the Hungarian peace traty was to be presented by the Communists as an especially generous gift of Moscow and the great" Stalin revealing the generosity of his paternal heart, for which the Hungarian people should feel eternal gratitude. But, on the other hand, should obstacles and difficulties 16 17 CHAPTER II. Hungary s PW-losses in World War II. World War II. afflicted a serious blow to the ethnic strength of Hungary. Not counting those who lost their lives on the battlefield and by airraids Hungary lost altogether 900.000 PW-s and civilian persons carried off as "PW-s" from their peaceful civilian lives by the Soviet Army. This tremendous number amounts to 6.1 °/0 of Hungary s 14.700.000 inhabitants in 1944. Taking into consideration that, according to The World Almanac and Book of Facts for 1949, the USA with their 150.000.000 in- habitants during the war lost 151.579, and the British Commonwealth of Nations with her 550.000.000 inhabitants 90.844 PW.-s (which total loss amounts to only 0.1 Vo of the USA s and to 0.017 IN of the British Empire s respective populations) it is to be seen that the little Hungary lost from 61 to 358 times as much PW-s as the mentioned two world-powers. At the time of the surrender nearly one third of this enormous mass of Hungarian PW-s was detained by the Western Powers, while more than two thirds were taken prisoners by the Soviet Union. Hungary had entered World War H. on June 26, 1941 at the violent pressure of her mighty German neighbour. Despite this, however, only one army, the 2nd Hungarian army numbering 200.000 men, was sent to the front. Up to January 12, 1943, i. e. the beginning of the Soviet counter-attack, this army had lost altogether 8000 PW-s. The first and only serious loss was suffered by this Hungarian army operating on Soviet territory during the big Soviet counter-attack which began on January 12, 1943, the so-called Voronesh break through when 87.0000 Hungarian soldiers fell Into Soviet captivity. Hungary which was not at all interested in bringing further serious bloodsacrifices for the sake of her German neighbour withdrew the remainders of the 2nd Hungarian Army from the Soviet front and up to March 19, 1944 kept only minor occupation forces under arms on Soviet territory. However, this situation changed radically when 19 Hungary s PW-loss in World War II can be summed up as follows: Hitler on March 19, 1944 forcibly occupied Hungary with his troops. From this day the sovereignity of Hungary can be regarded as non existent. 1. Number of Hungarian soldiers taken prisoner by the Soviet ... At this time the Hungarian shadow-government forced upon the a) In USSR and on territories annexed by her in country by the Germans ordered a general mobilisation because the 1939-1940 Soviet armies were stand on Hungary s boundaries being already from June 26, 1941 till January 12, 1943 . • 8.000 in the foothills of the Carpathians. However, this mobilisation order from January 12, 1943 till March 19, 1944 . . 8107 000000 was carried out only haphazardly and not systematically since Hungary wished to cease her participation in the war as soon as from March 19, 1944 till September 15, 1944 possible. From the time of the battle on the Don till September 1944 On Soviet territory altogether . 105 000 when Soviet troops entered Hungarian territory for the first time b) In Hungary 15105 000000 Hungary lost altogether 10.000 PW-s. By the Nazi coup on October 15, 1944 Hungary was deprived of the last remainders of her in- c) At the time of the capitulation: dependence. in Austria From this time the whole territory of the country became one in Germany 4105 000000 single battlefield in Czechoslovakia 111 and during the seven months battle until Hungary s territory was Total of Hungarian soldiers completely occupied by the Soviet army, 150.000 Hungarian soldiers taken prisoner by the Soviet 325 000 1111 were taken prisoners by the Soviet, 40.000 of them solely during the 50-day siege of Budapest. While the territory of the country was II. Total of Hungarian soldiers captured by the being occupied by the Soviets Western Powers 280 000 Hungarian army units attempting to escape Soviet captivity Total PW-loss of Hungary 605 000 retreated in a western direction in order to lay down their arms before the amides of the Western, Powers. This about 280.000 IH. Civilian persons deported to the Soviet Union as PW-s 295.000 Hungarian soldiers succeeded in escaping Soviet captivity. Hungary s total loss of manpower including PW-s and At the time of the capitulation they were all taken prisoners by the deported civilians 900.000 Western Powers. However, not every Hungarian unit succeeded in reaching in time German and Austrian areas occupied by the West, so that when the capitulation came, they fell in Soviet captivity. These Hungarian soldiers taken prisoner by the Soviet at the time of the surrender numbered, in Austria 15.000, in Germany 10.000 and in Czechoslovakia 45.000. 21 I I ; CHAPTER III. Deportation of 295.000 Hungarian civilian persons to the Soviet Union. It happened three times in the history of Hungary that barbarian peoples — hurled at the country from the East — carried away with them as their slaves defenceless men in large numbers into far countries. As if mankind would not have developed at all; as if nothing would have changed since the methods of conquering prac- ticed by the Tartar-Mongol hordes, by the wild occupation troops of Khan Batu and Ogotay in the XIII-th century; as if European civilization would not have been able to press out from this continent the world of the bashaws and slave-traders, the administrative and economic system of the Ottoman Turks who invaded Hungarian ter- ritory in the XVI-th century; as if the educating work of the Christian centuries, the humanism of the XIX-th centurynhe Red Cross, the League of Nations, the UN would not have existed or would have been in vain. The Soviet Red Army inundating Hungary drove hundreds of thousands of Hungarian civilian persons like cattle to the East as if thereby the Soviets would have wanted to demonstrate that they considered themselves the direct successor of the Russian Golden Hordes, not only geographically but also spiritually at least so far as concerned comprehension of martial law, humanity and the value of human life. However, it has to be said for the benefit of ■Khan Batu s hordes and of the Ottoman Sultan s local governors that they, at least, did not proclaim themselves to be the protectors of human rights and liberty and did not call their slave-hunting campaigns the liberation of tormented nations. Soviet troops first entered Hungary in 1944 and completed the occupation of the entire country by April 1945. While the Soviet official war reports and propaganda permanently spoke about the liberation of the country. a 23 merciless man-hunt went on all over Hungary which, in the The Hungarian War Invalid and PW Informer, published under middle of the XX-th century, on the territory of a thousand year official Communist leadership appeared in the years 1947-1948. old nation, nobody would have imagined even in his wildest Only this paper was authorized to communicate the lists of PW-s visions. repatriated by the Soviet Union. In printing the PW-lists the Several hundred thousands of civilian persons were deported without publishers did not realize that grey, stereotyped personal data therein are the most terrible charges one can level against the 1 any explanation, legal basis or distinction. According to the evidence of a neutral Swiss report a minister member of the pro-Soviet Communist Regime. Here are some data from this official Communist government in Budapest was himself carried away to hard labour. paper: Officials on their way to their office, mothers queuing for milk for The Hungarian War Invalid and PW Informer - communicated in their children, workers going to their factories, women ravished by its number dated July 16, 1948 that the following persons returned the Soviet hordes, children trembling in the air-raid shelters, in- after 4 years "captivity" from the Borovicz camps No. 7270: discriminately all were carried away. In order to conceal this Szentivanyi Jezsef, born 1883, Budapest revolting inhumanity a part of the deported civilian masses was subsequently simply denominated PW-s by the Soviet Union. Sagi Ferenc, born 1929, Vapalota Sandor, born 1888, Esztergom Below by the use of data of an official newspaper published by the Communist regime of Hungary — Nehdz Istvan, born 1928, Nyergesujfalu the Hungarian War Invalid and PW Informer — it will be proved Zador Janos, born 1888, Budapest that among these alleged PW-s were children of 13-15 who Nehrer, Gy6rgy, born 1929, Szekesfehervar never had taken up arms, as well as old men of 65 who at the Consequently Sagi Ferenc was 15 and Szentivanyi Jezsef 61 when most might have been soldiers in World War L they became "prisoners of war." Percentage of Hungarian civilians according to their respective sexes 6 OLDAL, 3000 Nti7 It; I R 111.0111WNkiT. male R DIF0 ,OLY . , . • • • , 1.1 .. . ei,••Zeti .7 t. . ... • I I female ITIABB.:3000- 111ADIFOGOLY- . erkezett Maralllanmszip,tre 3.-i".„36.. c.s szallanzanaval In its number dated October 14, 1948 the PW Informer com- Itelairendes laivaialos nevsOrtik municated that 9t,0 .780 nri r,,-kr,r . f 1 Bajtor Bela, born 1931, Rinyabelenye A 31. NITAPTIO r returned from captivity. Thus Bailor Bela was 13 when he was carried away and 4 years "captivity" were his share in consequence of the Soviet "liberation." The official Communist paper admits that there were in one PW- On page 1 of its number dated July 16, 1948 — which we present transport among 3000 PWs 580 women of the 960 civilian persons. in facsimile — the PW Informer reported in large capitals 24 25 that of 3000 repatriated PW-s 960 were civilians and of the of working were picked out and carried away. Elsewhere the villages latters 580 "women PW-s." were surrounded and the man-hunt went on from house to house. This alone is a decisive proof, for in Hungary women never had From pure Hungarian communities along the river Tisza hundreds been called up to any military or auxiliary service. Furthermore, of civilian persons were deported on the pretext that they were of on the basis of the data published in the paper that the 960 men German origin. By a completely special logic german origin was and women were almost without exception all from the same com- regarded to have been established if the letter "r" occurred in the munity. On the basis of the birth data shown in the list it can also family name of the person in question. be established that of the girls and women who returned after 4 years hard-labour, 33 0/0 were between 15-20 and 67 Vo between From the communities 21-30 at the time of their deportation. Only one person among them was above 30. Beistibtics, Let it not be assumed that this was an unusually severe PW Hernadnemeti transport. It happened in many villages that the Soviet commandos, Demeter and persons of if they did not find in a community enough adults, deported besides (county Borsod) inhabitants called Gyhker, immature boys and girls, pregnant mothers, invalids and old people. other similar Hungarian names were deported who didn t speak a From the community of Percentage of Hungarian civilians according to their respective ages Rakamaz, in county Szaholcs, a father was carried away together with his 4 sons, the eldest 22, the youngest 16. They all perished. A similar tragedy is shown by the advertisement published by the PW Informer in its number dated June 26, 1948 in which an unhappy mother and wife tries to get news about her deported family three, and a half years after the Soviet liberation." "Gyerpal Janos (1900), Gyerpal Janos Jun. (1926) and Gyerpal Kdroly (1923), civilians, born at Egeg, carried away into Russian captivity in December 1944..." Though the slave-hunters of the Soviet Union used various tricks = 14-20 years 31-40 years in the different regions, their almost beastly violence and brutality 1111111111111 were everywhere the same. 1111 = 21-30 years = 41--50. years At Tokaj, county ,Zemplen, the inhabitants were collected to attend a perfor- mance of moving pictures and when assembled were carried away. single German word. Among the victims were farmers and labourers In the community of as well as officials, priests, merchants and intellectuals. KenezIti, The annihilation of the Hungarian aboriginals of county Zemplen, the people were called together to a public meeting Carpatho Ukraine under the pretext of listening to the speeches held in connection with the elections for the temporary national assembly. The as- signifies an especially shocking chapter in this man-exterminating sembled people were surrounded by Soviet soldiers, those capable campaign. The Soviet Union considered it her important task 26 27 !I to create a permanent bridge-head position in the Danube valley, not lose time, so that we may save those still alive for soon within the; mountain range of the Carpathians, there won t be anybody whom we can help. Perhaps it is already too late even to find the thousands of unmarked.-mass-graves, in order to exercise pressure on the people of Hungary and Che-- let alone locate any one still living." choslovakia, and to ensure to herself an unhindered advance toward During the past five years the Carpatho Ukraine has been more the area of the Adriatic Sea. Carpatho Ukraine had never belonged and more developed into a strong Soviet military -basis and not only to the Soviet Union or to one of her associated states. For about a the Hungarian but also the deeply religious Ruthenians likewise 1000 years she belonged to Hungary, and after World War I, from unreliable from Moscow s point of view — have -been deported in 1919 to 1939 she was a part of Czechoslovakia. Because the Soviet large numbers into the interior of the Soviet Union. Union officially condemns every imperialism and the annexation of peoples against their will after Carpatho Ukraine was annexed In reference to this subject by the Soviet Union a so-called "plebiscite" was held by which the B. T., Regensburg, Carpatho-Ukrainians decided "democraticly, unanimously and former German PW who returned from Soviet captivity com- voluntarily" to join the Soviet Union. During this plebiscite not one municated the following single foreign journalist was allowed to enter Carpatho Ukraine and, under the severest military rule, the inhabitants were able neither Description of facts: No. 2. to organize themselves politically nor to express freely their point of view. In order to intimidate the population even more in the "In November 1949 a transport consisting of Ruthenian, period November 17 to 19, 1944 from the Hungarian Community Hungarian and German deported civilians arrived from Carpatho alone, which constituted 400/0 of the populace of Carpatho Ukraine — Ukraine at the Krasnogorsk PW-camp No. 7027/2. Among the Hungarians was a mining engineer who had been separated from 80.000 civilians between 16 and 55 were deported to hard- his mother, wife and children." labour camps In the interior of the Soviet Union. After the conquest of Budapest Stalin disclosed in an order to the For the most part these Hungarians will never return for they have army that the Red Army had captured 140.000 PW-s during the perished in the hard-labour camps. 50-days-siege of the Hungarian capital. But this Soviet order to the army kept deeply quiet about the circumstance that The Carpatho Ukrainian inhabitant W. K. former deported Hungarian civilian person, who escaped the death-camps and lives more than two thirds of these captives, 100.000 men, had been now on free territory discloses the following about the systematic taken prisoners not as fighting soldiers but as defenceless, extermination, of the Carpatho Ukrainian Hungarians: (This and all peaceful civilians, further descriptions of facts together with the full name and address had been torn by violence from their families, their homes, their of their authors will be placed at the disposal of every serious inter- working places, or directly from the air-raid-shelters. Moreover national forum) not only during combat were these civilian persons gathered up and carried away, but weeks and months after the fall of the capital Description Of facts: No. 1. peaceful pedestrions were still apprehended on the street by the I suffered 13 bitter months in the Soviet concentration camps. Soviet men-hunting patrols and taken into captivity. I was not taken prisoner as a soldier but was deported as a Most of the victims were gathered together under the pretext that civilian. My own brother, whom I loved very much, and 600 - they were required to perform manual work lasting a few minutes; other Hungarians found a terrible death In the camp of or that their papers had to be examined by the central police office. Skotarska (Carpatho Ukraine). Another 600 human wrecks, who And then the desperate relatives searched in vain even after somehow still remained alive, were sent a foot just before years for their family members who had disappeared without Christmas 1944 toward Stary Sambor where a further 400 of a trace. them perished within a few days from a terrible epidemic of typhus. Providence helped me, for although I was physically Up to the end of 1948 the Hungarian daily papers were full of and mentally broken and sick, I escaped. Let us hurry, let us advertisements and appeals for information proving eloquently that 28: 29 • the masses of PW-s of whdse numbers Stalin spoke so boastfully On June 19, 1948 the PW Informer communicated: in his Army Order in reality were composed of civilian persons. "Horväth Janos, 1899, civilian, Nagyivan, last news: was -- Those laconic announcements of a few lines which appeared in sick — in the concentration camp of Temesvar in Febr. 1945 ..." the columns "Who knows about them?" cover immeasurable tra- ii However, not only grown-up people but also immature school-boys gedies, mournings and tears. They are the faint rays of hope of and girls were carried off into "captivity" by Stalin s soldiers. Here Hungarian mothers and wives left alone, of little children left orphans are excerpts from the inquiries of desperate families:. waiting in vain for many years. They are the unfathomable big question-marks which could be answered only by the Soviet hard- "I look for VbrOs Elemdr, 1928, Nagykanizsa. When he was labour camps and by the countless. mass-graves in the shadow of captured he was of the VII grade in school ..." these camps. For official information has never been given either by (Hung. War Inv. and PW Inf., dtd. Oct. 16, 1948) the Soviet or by its governors in Hungary. "I look for Broschan Zsuzsi Luci, 17, deported from Ujpest, The column "Who knows about them?" of the Hungarian War allegedly in Russia ... (note: a school girl) Invalid and PW Informer dated September 1, 1948, reads as follows: (Szabad Ndp, (Free People) May I, 1948) "Legradi J6zsef, 1916. Pestszenterzsdbet, civilian, was carried into Russian captivity from Budapest in February 1945 ..." "Liebe Marton, 1929, Vecses, civilian, was carried away in Ja- "Peter Gdza, 1912, Kolozsvar, civilian, Was carried away from nuary 1945. Last news in July 1946 from the camp No. 280/1059." his lodgings on the ROzsadomb (district of Budapest) to military work on December 31, 1944. In the spring of this year he In the Hungarian daily papers of that period there were to be found allegedly worked in an iron-factory at Minsk ..." daily dozens of appeals with contents similar to the above, through which the desperate relatives tried to get some information from Inquiries placed in the War Invalid and PW Informer dated Oc- returning PW-s about the fate of their deported family members. tober 16, 1948 read as follows: Since the min:her of the advertisements was a good source of "Horvath Gyula, 1906, civilian, was carried away from the revenue for the Communists they were not concerned that one day Ganz-factory in January, 1945. Request anyone knowing of his these advertisements would serve as proofs before the world as to 11] whereabout to inform his wife ..." the scale and enormity of the barbarian kidnapping actions which "Kovacs Lajos. 1910, civilian, was carried away from Budapest their Soviet patrons had carried out in large numbers under the Last news about him from the PW-camp at Temesvar in August mendacious phrase of Hungary s liberation." I945." The fate of many tens of thousands of deported Hungarian civiliart§ "Miklds J6zsef, 1910, civilian, was carried away into Russian and PW-s is today still completely unknown to their relatives; their captivity from Buda in December 1944 ..." inquiries for the most part have had no result; and the concentration camps And massgraves dispersed on Soviet territory today still guard From the Hungarian War Invalid and PW Informer dated Septem- ber II, 1948 brazenly and silently their dark secrets. "Jdkli Istvan, 1909, Kerecsend, civilian, was carried away from his lodgings in the community Kompolt on November 19, 1944. In March 1945 he was in the concentration camp of Focsani, since that time there is no news about him ..." In the PW Informer dated August 28, 1948: "Bus Endre, 1925, civilian, resident of CegIdd. Last news: he was carried through Szeged in November 1944 ..." "Polacsi Janos, 1923, Civilian, Nagydorog. Last news: from the concentration camp at Temesvar in March 1945 ..." 30 31 CHAPTER IV. From German to Soviet PW- and concentration-camps. During Hungary s inundation by the Soviet not only Hungarian soldiers were numerously taken prisoner, not only enormous masses of civilians were carried away violently by soldiers of the Red Army, but also citizens of states allied to the Soviet Union as, well as PW-s having escaped German captivity and found an asylum in Hungary, citizens of neutral states and even Jews just liberated from the Nazi concentration camps and from ghettos too. Hungary was the only state among the ex-enemies of the Allied and Associated Powers, which not only exactly fulfilled the dis- positions of the Geneva Conventions 1929 but going far beyond them she guarantied personal fieedarn to the French, Belgian and Polish PW-s .who fled from German PW-camps to Hungary seeking asylum and protection. Hungary was the land of freedom, security and humanity in the sight of these allied PW-s compared with the German PW-camps. Therefore they tried if they had a chance to flee to Hungary, where they hoped to survive the last, most tempestous years of the war. The German government repeatedly and energeticly demanded the extradition of French, Belgian and Polish PW-s fled to Hungarian territory but Hungary not only firmly refused these German demands in every case, but supported by her a part of these escaped PW-s succeeded in reaching free western territory again through the Balkans. And later on, when war events prevented the escaped PW-s in fleeing to the West, the Hungarian people also stooping under German occupation self- sacrificingly hid its western proteges from the vengeance of the Nazis and so possibly made for them to endure the last ()ideals of the war in Hungary. According to the evidence given by the book "Asylum In Hungary 1941--45" published by "L Amicale des P. G. Francais adds en Hongrie" in Paris, 1946 the French who fled to Hungary were friendly supported and received by everybody, all over the country. The number of these French refugees fled from German captivity to Hungarian territory, who helped by the Hungarian government and 33 the Hungarian people were able to endure the hardships of war in into the big transient camp of Focsani where PW-transports perfect security as free men, amounted to more than one thousand, daily started from to the interior of the Soviet Union. There I according to the evidence of said book. But infortunately a part of was then separated from them, but very likely they could not then had in vain been succesfully hidden from the Germans for many evade their fates either and they also soon experienced every years. The Soviet troops ravaging Hungary did not make any horrors of the Soivet hard-labour camps." distinction between enemy, allied or neutral, they were solely interested in quickly getting the most possible slaves in order to The same fate was the share of several hundreds of Polish, who re-fill their insatiable hard-labour camps as soon as possible being fled to Hungary in 1939 still when their country was occupied by the basis of the Communist system of production. Another captivity the Germans and Russians and here enjoyed asylum for five years. and hard-labour became the share of a part of those civilian persons The Polish had to expect an especially hard fate in the Soviet of the Allied and Associated Powers, who had fled from the German prisoner-camps, and the major part did not survive the horrors of PW-camps to Hungary; captivity. Soviet slavery became the fate of those Italian soldiers, too, who in 1943 turned against their former German allies in Greece this time however, they were taken prisoners by the Soviet and therefore they had been taker prisoner by the Nazis. Theses hordes, Italians hopefully waited for the Soviet deliverers to yet at last whom they had waited for as . for their deliverers and after having freed from the German captivity. But Stalins soldiers first brought been separated from their families for many years, they were them more hard-labour and annihilation instead, and brought, into the Soviet hard-labour camps, instead of being carried away the infortunate Italians together with their Ger- repatriated. man guards Into the interior of the Soviet Union. In this respect the Hungarian PW A. B., who fled to the West The Italians could stand the rough Russian climate least of all and states the following in hunger, and inhuman treatment caused a tremendous ravage among them. The most shocking, however, is the Description of facts: No. 3. "During the winter of 1944/45 in the concentration camp of Description of facts: No. 4. Jaszbereny, Hungary, I was staying together not only with of the Hungarian first lieutenant S. F. who returned from Soviet Hungarian or GermanPW-s, and withHungarian civilian persons, captivity in 1948 and later fled to free territory. but also with numerous prisoners of other nationalities. Among others 13 Frenchmen, who had fled to Hungary from German In 1947 I was transported into the Kiev camp No. 7062/4 PW-camps in Austria, and found here asylum for years protested under the control of MVD. In this camp there were collected at the allied Soviet camp-commandery against their unjust all those who appeand unreliable (so-called Osabni Regime) detention. These Frenchmen were taken prisoner still by Ger- according to the point of view of MVD. Billeting, treatment, and alimentation were inhumane and especially the mental man in 1940, and from that time they permanently lived in an enforced absence from their homeland. In Hungary they enjoyed tortures were unbearable. In the camp there also acted a perfect personal freedom, and they were caught by the "deliver- tribunal trying so-called war criminals. 8 Spanish PW-officers ing" Soviet troops in the community of Tura, Hungary, where were one of the curios of that camp, among them the son of they had found work, and home for a longer time already. They the Spanish War Secretary and were allowed to weare civilian clothes, and therefore they were 4 AMERICAN OFFICERS OF THE AIR FORCES, hit by the same fate as other civilian inhabitants of that village. The red hordes deprived them of their valuables (their watches who were forced to land on Soviet territory, as allies since their airplane had been damaged in an air-raid on Japan in bicycles, money) first and then they brought them into the con- centration-camp. Their protest has been completely ignored by 1945." the Soviet camp-commandery, and since they wore civilian However, not only the citizens of states allied to the Soviet Union clothes they were not believed to be French PW-s fled from shared the fate of deported Hungarian masses , but also several German captivity. Thereafter they were transported to Roumania neutral citizens who had been staying in Budapest during the siege, 34 35 were despite of international law, deported to the Soviet Union. begging nor supplication of any use, since those arriving from It counts esPecially-gravely that: Western direction were all regarded to as enemies by the Soviet among these deported neutral citizens there were such, who as soldiers, and this was a reason enough to send them to Soviet hard- officials of embassies or consulates enjoyed exterritoriality. labour camps. Thes Jews deported by the Soviet soldiers, also were searched for Inquires made to reveal the fate of disappeared neutral citizens had in vain by their relatives in the "Who knows about them?" columns negative results, and the regime of Hungary serving the Communists of the Hungarian daily papers even after years. It was not possible consequently reported that these persons "supposedly" might have to get news about them, they were swallowed by the infinite Soviet fallen victims of the siege or the Nazi terror. The report of the plains for ever. Swiss legation expelled by the Soviet occupation forces from Buda- pest, after the siege revealed, however, the methods of Bolshevistic kidnapping and communicated the names of several citizens deported "Who knows about them?" by red soldiers to the Soviet Union. "Tarjan Arpad, labour-service-man, 1902, Budapest, got in The most tragic fate, however, awaited Russian captivity, when coining home from Giinskirchen in May those Jews of Hungary who had been pursuid to death by the 1945. I implore, those who know about him may inform his Nazi terror and awaited the Soviet army as their deliverer. anxious wife ..." A part of these unhappy Jews had just saved their mere lives from (PW Informer, September 11, 1948.) the hell of the ghettos or the Nazi KZ-s, when they were embar- "Returning PW-s! Who knows about Forgacs Istvan, graphical rassed to realize that they had, but in vain succeeded in escaping the march columns driven by the Nazis towards Auschwitz andMaut- artist of Budapest, who got in Russian captivity when returning hausen some weeks before and they had in vain succeeded in sur- from Mauthausen ..." viving all horrors of the 50-day-siege of, as well as of the Nazi terror (Szabadsag, September 6, 19474 raging for three months in Budapest, — the red soldiers pushed them Into the slave-columns driven towards the East in just the same manner as the Nazis had done few weeks ago. But not only the Jews staggering out from the cellars of the Buda- pest ghetto were treated like this by the Soviet soldiers, the same fate waited also for those Jews, who had been delivered by the Western Allies from the KZ-s in Germany, and were trying to reach their homes. After the many sufferings they survived and the war was over already, they started home to Hungary, resting assured that peace, security and good order were already restored there. Who were able to describe their embarassement when in Hungary another foreign Power again deprived them of their freedom, instead of delivering them. No matter that the war was over yet, the Soviet man-hunting patrols still lay in wait along the highways leading home from the West, at communication junctions, and bridges and they took the "fascists" returning from the West into the con- centration camps without distinction. There were neither the certificates issued by the Allies proving that they had been delivered from the Nazi concentration camps, nor 36 37 CHAPTER V. Fate of Hungarian PW-s and deported civilians in the Soviet Union. The way of treatment of PW-s was determined by the regulations annexed to the 1907 Hague Convention. This convention was signed by Russia, too, therefore its dispositions should be considered obligatory for the Soviet Union, being the successor of Czaristic Russia. Yet if the Soviet Union would not formally acknowledge these dispositions as binding for her — by treating PWanasses detained by her in a humane manner she would have had the opportunity of proving that respecting human rights and claim for liberty did mean more, than empty words to her. The dispositions of the Hague Convention regulating the way enemies are to be treated if captured are morally binding for every state no matter wheter the convention had been signed by it or not. These dis- positions guarantied these primarily natural rights of man, which have to be respected by every state. Examening one by one these primary human rights, which every person is entitled of, even the PW though deprived of his personal freedom and being in en exposed position, we find that the Soviet Union has knowinglyand constantly violated all these principals in the most brutal way and even today still permanently goes on violating them. The Soviet Government treated and has PW-s as well as the deported civilian masses treated, like slave parias who are first entitled in the opinion of the Communists to live only as long as their physical strength may be of use to their warders. Article 3 of the PW convention states that: "PW-s have a right their person and honour to be res- pected and women have to be treated with the full res- pect due to their sex. The PW-s remain In the posses- sion of their full civil rights." 39 Description of facts: No. 5. captivity themselves. Food was unimaginably bad, however, The former Hungarian PW A. S. declares: hard physical work was required just as if we had been fed best. In the beginning we charged all this to the war and hoped that "International law has severely been violated by billeting 120 after some time food and treatment would improve, but, when convicts of minor age in the Usman PW-officers camp No. 95 the war was over, the situation became rather worse year by where 2000 Hungarian and 1000 German officers were detained. year." These convicts enjoyed a far better treatment than the PW-s. The PW-officers even had to wait upon them. Description of facts: No. 9. The former Hungarian PW I. relates: Description of facts: No. 6. "We were transported to the Soviet Union under the most According to the minutes of the confession made by the former inhuman circumstances possible. Into each waggon 80-85 Hungarian PW S.F. who has fled to the West: persons were crowded, during the transport lasting 8 days we "In the concentration camp of Sopronpereszteg, Hungary, the got 2 kg bread end 15 Jumps of suggar to eat. On the trans- ravished women as well as even the 13 years old girls every portation the escorts accompanying us opened the doors twice night systematically fell victims of the violences of their Soviet but only to deprive us of- our last valuables, left, and to get guards. From there PW-s were transported to the Soviet Union, out of the waggon the corpses of those, who died on the way, under most inhumane circumstances. 100 persons were pressed and whose bodies lay for 3-4 days in the waggon. The into each waggon. During their transport lasting 35 days in the repatriation transport wasn t much better either, well proved by summer heat, they only got a minimum_ supply of food and the fact, that 13 of us died on the way home." water: food once a day and water every third day only. On their transportation eight Hungarians in one of the waggons Reasons why thousands of Hungarian PW-s perished In the Soviet Union were shot dead because of having been suspected of attempting flight; their number was made up by violently picking up travellers unsuspectingly waiting on the railway station of Szeged, Hungary. Description of facts: No. 7. The former Hungarian PW E. L. relates: "In the camps No. 7307, district Kirov, PW-s were frequently beaten with sticks. On the 4-5 kms long way leading to the working place and back the unhappy PW-s, hardly able to walk were forced by big dogs to run. It often occurred that the dogs seriously wounded those who dropped back not being able to run fast enough. The food was as little and bad as possible: = decrepitude 11111111111111 = typhus twice a day 0.3-0.4 liters (1 liter: 1.75 pints) bran-, nettle-, or turnipleaf-soup prepared without any fat with 0.5-0.8 kgs (1 kg: = dysentery = accidents and others 2 lb. 31/1 oz.) bread made of groats, grit, and millet." Description of facts: No. 10. Description of facts: No. 8. The former Hungarian PW B. J. writes: The former Hungarian PW T. I. relates: "In the camp No. JU. 286 PW-s were treated with the well- suffered so much that it is impossible to describe it, this known lash-method. There wasn t any opportunity of cleaning can only be realized by those who also went through Soviet ourselves. But moreover they even deprived us of our last 40 41 pieces of underwear. It Was characteristic of our alimentation many prisoners carried away grave injuries caused by frost and that my weight was 82 kgs when taken prisoner, and 41,7 kgs upon their arrival 75 0/0 of them had to be sent to hospital." only when I returned from captivity. At our. working places there occurred accidents, day by day because of absolute lack Conditions in the Saporoshe hospital No. 8149 are not to of preventive measures. Before having been released we were be described. The number of sick PW-s constantly amounted to most strictly ordered by Soviet MVO-officers, not to speak at about 2000. For blankets the sick only received one thin sheet, all at home of what we had heard and seen. Before our de- even on the coldest winter days, only some very seriously sick parture a propaganda film was shown to us bering the title prisoners received one blanket. The barracks waren t heated "Let s speak about this ..." In the film there were to be seen, even in winter time, and fuel for the hospital-kitchen was also but marvel kolhoses. dream-cities, powerful technical creations, provided by driving 100-200 sick PW-s out of their beds, to just not that what there really was." collect weed in the fields in the grim winter-cold. When weather grew so severe that owing to snow storms nobody could get out of the hospital for days no cooking was done at all for the sick, According to Article 4 of PW convention they only received raw salted cabbages, salted small fishes, and bread. Because of, lack of fuel and water it was completely im- the detaining power is ob- possible to keep oneself clean. There was given an opportunity liged to take care of the to wash oneself with a strictly rationed quantity of water ap- alimentation of PW-s. proximately every second month. Also underwear could be In connection with this the below statements were given by PW-s changed on these occasions only. Then underwear worn for two fled from Soviet PW-camps.: months was already black like earth. In the "hospital thousands of lice and millions of bugs embittered our life but there were plenty of rats, too. Once a month appeared a physician and Description of facts: No. 11. those who recovered a little were sent back by him to the hard- The former Hungarian PW E. S. relates: labour camp. Sick were literally streaming to the hospital from "The commander of the Lebedian PW-camp No. 35/2, a Soviet the nearby miners camps. They all looked pitifully: from the captain, exchanged the inferior food-due to be issued on the water in them they were swollen and after the water had been prisoners and insufficient in anyway, for brandy. He was perma- removed they became living skeletons. For the most part they nently drunk and, when the PW-s exhausted by fatigue of all died of exhaustion several weeks later. The dead were brought days work had returned to camp, he ordered roll call 4-5 times to the large PW-cemetery nearby the hospital but nobody knows in succession, so that they often couldn t get a rest before mid- how many thousand PW-s sleep their eternal sleep in those night. The PW-s, stiffened of the severe cold, while loitering, for unniarked graves. The dead were not registered and their several hours collapsed one after the other. The prisoners had relatives were never informed, either. It s characteristic for to work in a quarry, where they had to march to even in a medical care that Soviet hospital personnel was trained very cold of 25° C. During the winter of 1046/47 the famine reached superficially only and even the medicaments were just wrapped such an extent that the men ate cabbage-cobs and pieces of bone in newspapers." picked up from dung-hills. In January 1947 men weighting but 40 kgs were not rare owing to general physical exhaustion. Description of facts: No. 12. Only 10 '1/4 of prisoners in camp were strong enough to march The former Hungarian PW M.D. states: out to work. On February 13, 1047 a part of the prisoners "At Focsani, Roumania, for 15 months there arrived PW-trans- 250 Hungarians and Autrichians was transported into the ports from Hungary permanently and they were forwarded Morsansk camp No. 7064 under mostly inhumane circumstances. almost daily to the interior of the Soviet Union, in closed trains The 8 kms long way to the railway station had to be marched carrying 2000 persons each. It was characteristic for the in- on foot in a snow storm through snow half a meter high. Still finitely small and poor alimentation of that concentration camp before they got on train 4 PW-s froze to death. The whole trip, that only I/2 kg of raw maize bread was given daily, and lasting four days, was done in unheated waggons, consequently 0.4 Liter thin maize mash for breakfast and supper. In spite of 42 43 this poor alimentation PW-s had to work incessately from 06.00 robbed PW-s and deported persons. Every PW was searched countless till 20.00 hrs. Barracks were overcrowded and therefore 70 °is of times but there was each time found some trifle with them — if the prisoners had to spend the night standing on their feet after nothing else, their spoon or handkerchieves — that were regarded by the hard work of all day. The number of prisoners, who died the booty-hungry soldiers, as worth of to take away from them. in camp was shockingly high: 60-70 men a day who were then Everybody without exception was deprived of his money, his thrown naked into the graves, 50 into each. Before my arrival wedding-ring and his watch, already in the very first moment by at that camp there arose epidemic typhus in one of the barracks Stalin s soldiers but no receipt was ever made out on values taken •and the Soviet camp-commandery simply had burned the barrack away. in order to prevent further spreading of the disease; 400 PW-s -perished in the fire, according to communications of absolutely Description of facts: No. 14. trustworthy eye-witnesses." A. B. communicates: Description of facts: No. 13. At the concentration camp we firstly had to go through a The former German PW K. F. writes: most thorough personal searching. The prisoners filed up on the "In the Manietka-Yelow PW-camp without number, in the Ural one side of the camp-yard had to step one by one in front of the mountains, the death-rate of Hungarian PW-s was higher than Soviet soldiers, who thoroughly searched everybody from his that of the German because Hungarians all had arrived sick at head to his foot. The searching was carried out under the control camp and already weakened from the Focsani concentration of Soviet officers going to and fro in the camp-yard. Every photo, camp. In return for the poor food the PW-s had to spend 10-12 document, letter being on us was torn to little pieces by Soviet hours daily with peat-cutting andbe3ides most of them to do special soldiers, money was collected in special sacks but no receipts work additionally as punishment. At the beginning the officers whatsoever were made out. On the occasion of this searching were not obliged to work, but later on, however, they were we were deprived of all our little personal movables: on the forced to work too. The nourishing value of daily food did not blanket spread beside the soldiers, there were piled up plenty reach 500 calories and it was completely monotonous, according of purses, keys, toothbrushes, fountain-pens, penciles, note-books, to the statement of PW-physicians. Making written notes on and thousands of other trifles of no value. The watches, rings, • PW-s died in camp was threatened with capital punishment." and other objects of greater value had been taken from us by the soldiers capturing us already in the very first minutes. The controlling officers watched the search with sharp eyes and if Article 6 of the Convention declares that they liked something of the confiscated items they simply picked it up and put it into theirs pockets." only officers are allowed to take money away from the PW-s, a receipt of the same Description of facts: No. 15. has to be made out and the money taken away has to be The former Hungarian PW I. C. writes: put on the account-card of the respective PW-s. Items of "I was 17 when taken "prisoner" by the Soveits. Altough I personal use remain in the never had been a soldier I was carried away violently from possession of PW s. Certi- home in just the same manner as countless compatriots of mine. ficates, and valuables must In the Focsani camp then every civil garment was taken off and not be taken away from pri- in return we got ragged German uniforms. Thus we arrived at soners. the Kramatorsk PW-camp No 7217/2 in a way like "real PW-s". Every soldier taken prisoner by the Soviet confirms without ex- The treatment in camp was cruel; several PW-s were beaten to ception that the soldiers of the Red Army first of all completely death with an iron bar because of having tried to escape." 44 45 Description of facts: No. 16. Description of facts: No. 18. The former Hungarian PW J. K. communicates: The Hungarian PW J. M., fled to free territory, communicates: "From Focsani I was brought to the Bauxittogorsk camp The lonely PW-camp already established during World War I, No. 7575/2. About 8000 PW-s were held in this district of whom we were brought to, was lying somewhere in the Ural mountains about 3000 were Hungarians. The Germans taken prisoners along the railway leading towards Chelyabinsk-Omsk, at a place, earlier, still at the time of the fights around Leningrad, told us I still today don t know the name of. The prisoners, altogether that PW-camps of this region formerly used to be full of Esto- about 5000-6000 Hungarian and German PW-s, were billeted nian, Latvian and Lithuanian deported civilians these were in almost ruined underground bunkers". The inferior daily ali- transported to Siberia upon the arrival of Germans. 40°/i of the mentation consisted of maize bread and twice a day, of warm Hungarians arrived here from Focsani perished during the first water with bran. The lead-containing water could not be drunk 4 months. The dead were thrown stark naked into the mass before having been boiled, therefore, we seldom got any of it. graves nearby the camp." If somebody complained of the poor food, he was beaten bladc and blue and was put into camp jail. If somebody s clothes were torn he didn t get any other, even if he had to go naked. The Description of facts: No. 19. quantity of food we had to get, depended upon whether we The former German PW M. G. writes: reached the labour norm or not, however, we were never able to reach it, although we were driven on like animals. The number "In the Cherepovec camp No. 7434 Hungarians were assigned of sick constantly increased, but neither physicians nor medica- to the hardest work of all. In the winter they had to remove the ments were brought to camp. The dead had been undressed and ice-cover from the frozen river and had to pull the logs from the brought to the mass-graves car by car." icy water with their bare hands all day long." Description of facts: No. 20. Description of facts: No. 17. The former civilian deportee J. K. writes: The former Hungarian PW I. T. communicates: "On December 20, 1944 the Soviet military command announ- In 1947 in the Stalingrad district there were 27 PW labour, ced in the community of Szigetcsep, Hungary that the men of camps and the central PW-hospital of Beketovka. The number of the ages 16-45 and the women of 16-30 had to report for mili- prisoners amounted to 50.000 — 52.000. Control was carried out tary work. Since there did appeared not sufficient persons by the MVD. The daily alimentation consisted of green cucum- voluntarily on December 28, 1944 Soviet soldiers armed with ber-leaf soup mixed with nettle in the summer and of bran-soup machine-pistols surrounded the village and, going from house to in the winter, besides 0.6 kg of raw bread. However, the daily house violently collected the people according to instructions ration of bogs cooked millet, 3 g fat, and 1.5 g of sugar mostly from local Communist leaders. 120 persons were carried away existed on the paper only. Since it has been stolen together with from our little village and together with inhabitants of several the work required such alimentation for 4 years surely inevitally other Hungarian communities the transport of deported civilians was the lot of miner camps No. 1026 at Novydonbas where within caused death by decrepitude according to the statement of PW . a short time more than 10.000 Hungarian civilians had been physicians in camp. This is proved by the fact that in the Stalin- gathered. The prisoners were not provided with either food or grad camp No. 7362/6 843 of 1825 Hungarian PW-s died of star- clothes. They numerously fell victims of epidemics and starva- vation within two years. The corpses were simply thrown into tion. In consequence of ladc of any medical treatment and medi- bomb-craters. The efficiency of PW-s was increased by using caments 18-20 men died daily. As coachman of the carriage, the but of machine-pistols. One of the daily reports, characteristic carrying away the corpses I personally took part in burials of for conditions in camp, shows that on February 7, 1947 only 1009 4600 fellow-prisoners of mine, who were stark naked thrown, of 2407 PW-s held in camp were in such state of health that they like dogs into the unmarked mass-graves, 20 into each. It s were able to march out for work." characteristic that solely among those men and women who had 46 47 been dragged away from our little village, 48 have died in the camp within two years. The relatives of the dead didn t get any According to Article 12 official information even up to this time, either from Hungarian clothing, underwear and or from Russian authorities, at the most they could hear of the shoes have to be provided death of their deported family members from returning PW-s." for PW-s by the detaining Power. Article 7 of the convention orders This was interpreted by the Soviet in that manner that PW-s have not to ,be given anything, but to the contrary they have to be that PW-s have to be trans- deprived even of those clothes of their own they had. ported within the shortest time possible upon having Description of facts: No. 21. been taken prisoner to places far from the front in order to The former PW E. S. writes: be out of danger. "Before our departure we all had to strip our selves bare and in the Opposite to this not only PW-s •but also civilian inhabitant violently presence of the deputy camp commander all clothes, underwear carried away from their homes were forced to unload ammunition and shoes were taken away. Then, in spite of being Hungarians, by Soviet soldiers, to bury dead and to dig trenches for the Red we were dressed with German uniform rags and were started to Army in the fire-line. This attitude of the Soviet violated not only the Soviet Union." the above article of the convention but also was contrary to all humanity. The insufficient clothing and lack of shoes in the rough Russian • winter caused the death or disablement of many PW-s and deported persons. Article 9 of the convention regulates the billeting of PW-s. According to this regulations According to Article 16 of the convention: prisoners have to be defined in a certain area, but they PW-s have to be guarantied can be detained in closed absolute freedom to practic camps as long these mea- religion including attending sures are required by sani- of divine services. PW clergy- tary or security reasons only. men of whatsoever confession have to be allowed to carry Opposite to this the Soviet Union detained PW-s and deported out freely their clerical acti- civilians in camps surrounded by several rows of barbed wire-fences vities. and watch towers. Within the camps the prisoners were billeted in • bunkers digged in the earth, in stables with collapsed walls in the Opposite to this in the Soviet PW-camps prisoners were strictly best case in wooden barracks teeming of vermins all over. These forbidden to practice their religion. They never were allowed to camps were, unsuitable to quarter men in them from every point of attend services and the priests were forced to work hard in the view. For PW-s returning from hard-labour the time spent in camp mines and factories instead of performing their clerical taskes. All meant a series of new sufferings only instead of recreation. PW- prayer books, bibles and religious relics were taken away and an- billets in barracks were also indescribable from the sanitary point nihilated. Even on the greatest ecclesiastic holidays as well as on sun- days of view, these barracks became causes of epidemics. The spreading prisoners had to work just as much as on the other days. The sick and dying% of infectious diseases was increased to a high degree by the absolute prisoners never could get any religious consolation. - lack of any possibility to lteep oneself clean. Those who were caught praying were beaten and thrown to jail for punishment. .48 49 Article 27 permits lighted up by sun-light, and the employment of fit PW-s that no cruelty should be as labourers according to committed to them. their rank and abilities, ex- cept officers and persons of However, all these dispositions were ignored by the Russian camp similar positions. commanders. It was a usual method and it is still today that prisoners in Soviet PW-camps frequently were chastised without any reason, In beginning officers, indeed, enjoyed some privileges in com- often they were so gravely mistreated that they not seldom died parison with ranks but later on they were in any way treated and in consequence of injuries caused by such punishments. An in- forced to work just like the ranks. E.g. in the officers-camp No. 95 dispensable appurtenance of Soviet PW-camps is the bunker which at Usman, the officers were beaten by guards with sticks, and the is nothing else than a cavity digged deeply into the earth. The cave, Soviet major Bolsakov beat black and blue a Hungarian officer with about 10-12 ms under the surface, is furnished with air through a h a mrne a narrow, chimney-like opening, has a stone- or beton-floor, is entirely unheated in the winter, and pitch-dark day and night. Prisoners sentenced to bunker-punishment get 0.2 :kg of bread and Article 36 of the convention only two cups of boiled water a day. It belonged to the usual daily guaranties PW-s the right of amusement of the Soviet camp guards that they physically mistreated correspondence with their PW-s locked in the "bunker". If somebody has to spend a longer families. time in such a "bunker" he must certainly perish in consequence of Opposite to this the PW-s and deported persons for the most part starvation and inhumane treatment. could not write to their relatives not only during the war but even Flight and attempt to fly were punished especially severely but years after the war ended. The prisoners hermetic separation from frequently it was sufficient that informers of the Soviet camp corn- their family members much increased their uncertainity and mental mandery presumed of somebody to deal with flight plans and the tortures. Whether the postal correspondence was permitted or not unhappy prisoner had to pay for it with his life or at least with his depended entirely upon the caprice of the local Soviet camp com- health. Besides the "bunkers" the so-called narrow cells were ill mandants, and served pure propaganda purposes. The prisoners who famed too, a. g. in the Borovichi camp No-. 7270/3, in each cell of where as lucky as to get a postcard were allowed to write only which only one person could stay and also this only in a standing that they were well and returned home, soon. The Soviet camp position. As a special sadism of Soviet camp commanders the commanders frequently obliged sick prisoners to wright such letters prisoners sentenced to narrow cell were undressed in winter time who already died a few days after. And the unhappy and misled and, had to serve their punishment without any clothes in the relatives still hope today that they are alive and confidently wait strong winter cold. As a matter of course .many prisoners fell victims for their return. of this inhumane methods of punishment, too. The PW-s were not at all allowed to get packages from Hungary. In 1946/47 it sporadioally occurred that PW-s whom packages had As it is proved by the above descriptions of facts presented as been sent by their relatives in the USA or Canada got the robbed, examples, the Soviet Union did not respect one single point of the empty box handed out. international PW-convention, but to the contrary, every Soviet PW- and civilian camp is a real slave-camp, where prisoners de- prived of all human dignity and rights are annihilated consciously Article 46 positively with devilish cruelty after their efficiency had been exploited to forbids the application of the last. any chastisement on PW-s Nevertheless, the rulers of the Soviet Union, in their propaganda and prescribes that prisoners as well as above the fates of slave-camps, cynically state the sentenced to detention must mendacious phrase: "THE GREATEST VALUE IN THE SOVIET not be kept in rooms not UNION IS MAN." 50 51 CHAPTER VI. The silent mass-graves. According to an official report published by the Red Cross of Northemerica on June ist, 1945, 99 0/0 of USAs PW-s have survived German captivity. So far, however, no official forum whatever succeeded in ascertaining how many percent of the many millions of PW s and deported civilians have survived Soviet captivity. The world would justly be horrified seeing this rate, dimensions of which far surpass every similar mass-extermination known to history up to now. Even if international law would not prescribe it, humanity de- manded that detaining Powers treat their prisoners humanely in their exposed position. The Soviet Union, the greatest slave- detaining state in the world, however, does not acknowledge any such written or unwritten laws to be binding for herself. In the Soviet Union the prisoner, either PW or internee, or deported, or anybody else, Just means a number or a slave only, who has a right to live only as long as his efficiency is of any use to his terrible slave-holder, but from the very moment on when he is not able to do the prescribed quantity of work anymore he may as well perish. • This happened during the war when the flame of hatred and vengeance burned high, and this is happening now, for the Soviet system is equal in peace and in war, it doesn t consider men and humanity, it doesn t know compassion, and doesn t know obligations; not one single oil-drop of humanity, mercy, human dignity got into its cool and cruel machinery. Hardly a small fraction of PW-s taken prisoners on the territory of the Soviet Union has survived. The 87.000 Hungarian soldiers and labour-service-men taken prisoner when the Russians broke through the front at Voronesh in January 1943 were brought into the con- centration camps of Morshansk and Davidovka. The prisoners ex- hausted by cold and hunger were driven by the red soldiers nearly for two weeks across the snow-covered planes. During this time they got almost nothing to eat and drink and after their arrival they were billeted in the camps under most inhumane conditions. 53 Description of facts: No. 22. In the environments of the Byelci camp many thousands PW-s and deported persons are buried in unmarked graves. L. B. Hungarian PW writes: In the Morshansk death-camp we were quartered in stables Many of these prisoners had fallen victims of dysentery and without doors and windows. 37.000 Hungarians were crowded typhus epidemics raging in camp within a short time. For the here in the strong winter cold. There was cooked in two kettles most part, however, they perished of decrepitude, they simply for these 37.000 men and if somebody was strong enough to died of starvation. stand the queue he could obtain — at the roost twice a week — The indarnous . Focsani concentration camp was almost a separate a dish of some warm fluid. In consequence of the rough cold town. The number of PW-s and deported persons constantly hundreds of ragged PW-s froze day by day. There wasn t any amounted to 45.000-70.000 and, in spite of the fact that from here possibility to clean oneself, consequently the prisoners became were started towards the Soviet Union day by day closed prisoner- lousy all over and a typhus epidemic broke out. The prisoners trains carrying 2000 men each, in spite of the fact that prisoners fell victims of the typhus, the cold, and starvation in such a numerously fell victim of epidemics and famine daily, the number large number that when the spring came only 1700 of the of prisoners did not decrease in this sad prisoner-town. 37.000 Hungarian PW-s were alive, all the others perished. Arrived new and new inexhaustible masses of prisoner-trans- Then the camp was emptied and those who had survived were ports from Hungary filling the vacancies left open by the dead dispersed to different PW-camps where the long captivity, and transferred ones. lasting for many years, slowly but surely killed them. But very few of the Hungarian PW-s of 1943 remained alive to bring Here, too, the mass-graves still are silent today but the skeletons intelligence about the dead." of many thousands PW-s and deported persons buried here once will charge their Bolshevist murderers with a louder voice than It s characteristic for the Soviet immorality that, in order to anything else. The mass-graves around the small Galician town remove even the remembrance of the huge death-camp, in 1947 a Sarrebor also hide thousands of sad tragedies. The annihilated, "recovering and propaganda camp" was established in Morshansk Hungarians buried here for the most part — about 20.000 dead — where on the one hand Communist agitators were trained to be belonged to the Hungarian population of Carpatho-Ukraine. used in PW-Camps and on the other hand prisoners not able to work and designated for repatriation were gathered in order to be •At Temesvar, BrassO, Marainarossziget, GOd011O, Iiszbereny, brought up for Soviet propaganda-transports to a condition of being "Cegled and at many other concentration camps also countless capable of transportation. prisoners perished during the very first weeks of their captivity. Conditions in these concentration and transient camps contributed In the concentration camps at Davidovka there existed conditions to a large extent to the fact that prisoners, on account of bad treat- similar to these in Morhansk, and here, too, thousands of annihilated ment, alimentation, and quartering as well as of railway trans- Hungarian PW-s silently accuse their Soviet murderers from their portation Carried out in an inhumane mannecand lasting for weeks, mass-graves. But these death-camps are in vain tried to be removed arrived at camps in the Soviet Union in a SO much weakened con- or to be transformed into propaganda camps, for nothing ever will dition that their further mass-perdition in Soviet hard-labour camps be able to wipe off the remembrance of these horrible crimes from was to be regarded to as sure. As illustration and proof for the the souls of these few prisoners who escaped these horrors alive. extent of man-extermination consciously carried out by the Soviet Other infamous Soviet death-camps the dimensions of which let s present some descriptions of facts as follows: surpassed far even those of the above mentioned ones were the death-camps of Sambor, Galicia, of Byelci, Bessarabia, and of Focsani, Roumania. About 75 °A of the people taken prisoner in, and Description of facts: No. 23. of the masses of civilians deported from Hungary went through Former Hungarian civilian deportee J. K, writes: these three main transient camps. It is almost impossible to "At the civilian camps of internment No. 1026 of Donbas distinguish between these three camps as far as the higher figures (Ukraine) of the 10.000 deported Hungarian civilians 4600 died at PW-s and deported civilians annihilated by the Soviet are con- from January 1945 till December 1947. Death was caused by cerned. typhus, dysentery and starvation." 54 55 Description of facts: No. 24. and of starvation. It was forbidden to raise gravemounds above the dead." Former Hungarian PW J. B. communicates: "1200 of 2000 Hungarian PW-s at the PW-camp No, JU 286 of Description of facts: No. 30. Noviy Kasan (Ukraine) died between December 1944 and Former Hungarian PW J. M. writes: _ January 1946." "At the Bauxittogorsk PW-camp No. 7575/2 1200 of the 3000 Hungarian PW-s died of starvation between February and May Description of facts: No. 25. 1945." Former German PW F. F. writes: Description of facts: No. 31. 250 of 600 Hungarian P 1M-s at the Manietka Yelov PW-comp without number (district Sverdlovsk) died between July 1945 Former Hungarian L..PW P. communicates: and December 1946. Cause: dysentery, typhus decrepitude." "At the Hungarian PW-camp in Bender (Bessarabia) without number, between December 1944 and March 1945, 2600 of the Description of facts: No. 26. 3200 Hungarians died of typhus." Former PW, I. J. writes: Description of facts: No. 32. "150 of 500 Hungarian PW-s died of general physical de- crepitude and dysentery at the PW-camp of Tiraspol (Bessarabia) Former Hungarian PW A. B. writes: No. 7198/11, during the winter 1945/46, 200 became uncapable 300 of the 600 Hungarian PW-s at the PW-camp No. 7280/6 of work; these latters, however, were not repatriated but sent near Stalino lost their lives by mine-accident." to the interior of the Soviet Union with unknown place of destination." Description of facts: No. 33. Former Hungarian civilian deported R. Z. communicates: Description of facts: No. 27. "300 of the 800 deported Hungarian men and women at the Former Hungarian PW E. S. fled to the West communicates: Radovka civilian camp of internment No. 1029 died in 1945/46." "The Saporoshe death-camp No. 7100/3 where during the- winter 1944/45 hundreds of unburied corpses still Lay around in the yard was, transformed into a "model-camp" in October 1945 The situation was not better at all in the so-called PW-hospital- and received the title of "LTkraine s fairest PW-camp" ..." camps, either. Here usually came PW-s only in such a physical- condition caused by the inhumanly hard-labour and life conditions Description of facts: No. 28. were weakened to an extent that there was no hope of making them work again. These, if lucky, eventually could get on one of the Former Hungarian PW I. T. writes: repatriating propaganda -transports and thus escape the Soviet hell. "At the Yenakiyevo death-camp No. 7472/8 (Ukraine) on De- The unhappy PW who was brought into such a "hospital-camp" cember 24, f 946, 500 Hungarians suffering of decrepitude were knew very, well that he had, got into the antichamber of death, and picked out for repatriation. Till spring when the transport was the prisoners among themselves called these hospitals "annihilation- due to leave 350 of the 500 died. They are buried on the hospitals." southern edge of Yenakiyevo in unmarked mass-graves, 20-25 in each." Description of facts: No. 34. Description of facts: No. 29. Former German PW A. H. communicates: "In the Korosten hospital No. 2329 there were 350 Hungarian Hungarian PW L. E. communicates: PW-s during the winter 1947/48, who without exception belonged "350 of the 1100 Hungarian PW-s at the Kirov PW-camp to the group "distrofia III" i. e. they were in the very last stage No. 7307/8 died in 1945 because of the unhumane treatment of general physical decrepitude." 56 57 Description of facts: No. 35. Former Hungarian PW E. L. writes: "At the Voroshnica PW-camp No. 3171- (Ural) the number of sick PW-s in 1946 permanently amounted to about 2500-3000 500-600 of the sick prisoners died monthly of decrepitude but the camps pertaining to the district of the hospital took care of CHAPTER VII. permanent supplies. The hospital worked right from the outbreak of the war as PW annihilation-hospital and the masses of victims The repatriation of PW-s — a mistake in Communist annihilated here are buried in the environment in numerous calculations. unmarked graves." Description of facts: No. 36. The repatriation of Hungarian PW-s was loudly advertised by the Former Hungarian PW S. K. relates: masters of the Soviet and by their Budapest vasalls immediately after "In the Mihailovka PW-hospital No. 2880 (district Ivanovo), the war had ended. The tragedy of many hundred thousands, the the capacity of which was only 2000 persons, 1500 Hungarian anguish of many. hundred-thousand families just were simple mate- PW-s died in 1948." rials for propaganda and they intended to exploit the repatriation Description of facts: No. 37. of PW-s for the interests of furnishing and strengthening the Commu- PW L K. communicates: nist Party. All that happened from 1945 till 1948 was done for this "In the hospital No. G031 at Roya between November 1944 reason, it was just a mean political bargain, and applying of tricks. and November 1945 2500 PW-s died, among them 600 Hungarians. Anytime repatriation of PW-s was started, it was done in connection Then the hospital was dissolved." with either an election or some other Communist action to gain These are picked out data on bloodless Soviet mass-annihilation. power. As soon as it could not be used for such purposes and as they Every prisoner who gets out of the inferno of Soviet camps brings realized that repatriation of PW-s, in spite of all efforts made, did new and new details, new and new data. These data and facts cannot not pay off regarding propaganda as they expected repatriation stuck be suppressed. Once the silent mass-graves will raise their voices at once. In the beginning there still dominated a hope among as the mass-cemetery of Katyn did, too. These data have to be cheked prisoners in Russian camps. on by international courts on the spot and then those, who vanished for ever will rise and accuse. Description of facts: No. 38. Condition of Hungarian PW-s and civilian deportees repatriated from Soviet PW-camns German PW B. A. returned a short time ago writes: "In August 1945 it was announced in camp that all Hungarian 1111111111 = medically treated PW-s will come home within two months, but already in Novem- :--- dead 1-2 years ber 1945 we saw that this promise was not true." 1-3 months after having returned The grotesk mercilessness of Soviet policy is shown best of all by the fact that at the very same time while Communist propaganda --- medically treated intensively announced that Stalin would send back the PW-s, and 3-6 months when, indeed, the first trains arrived at Hungary bringing sick PW-s gone down to wrecks, trains after trains rolled in opposite direction = invalides unfit to towards the labour camps of Soviet Union carrying healthy Hunga- work or seized by rian PW-s capable of work. These PW-s in the transient camps met = medically treated some deadly Incur- the returning ones and looked at them with deepest consternation: 1-2years able desease they saw what they had been condemned to. 58 59 Description of facts: No. 39. were living their last hours the music stopped as if cut in two Hungarian PIV I. H. declares the following: and the musicians eyes filled with tears. Verily, these martyrs had not profit of having suffered all through Soviet captivity. It On November 28, 1945 I arrived at the Maramarossziget tran- was a vain effort to collect their last energies, to pass through sient camp. Here I met a transport with returning Hungarian the painful way leading home, not a single one of them reached PW-s who were being repatriated from the area of the Pripet his family alive. On the threshold to freedom in the transient marshes. I ll try to describe this shocking spectacle: about 800 camp of Mkamarossziget they all died without an exception human wrecks with faces yellow as wax and extremities life- within a few days." lessly hanging down. None of them was able to walk therefore they were brought on carriages from the station to camp. It was On behalf of the Soviet Union it was a part of preparations for impossible to guess their age, they had equally wrinkled, tired- the 1945 elections in Hungary that Moscow experimentingly started out faces, consisted of mere bones and skin, covered with rags, home some PW-trains to Hungary in order to favourably influence and barefooted. with public feeling for the sake of the Communist Party in Hungary. The returning prisoners, however, were all, without exception, in pitifully poor physical conditions. appearance caused exactly the opposite effect r,j1111rtyforebl1cirek:ny te,ei Even their mere , the Hungarian Communists and • on the Hungarian people as their masters in Moscow hoped. Thus, the election-propaganda trick failed and the Communists did not succeed in seizing the power. Therefore, the Soviet government at once stopped the repatriation of Hungarian PW-s. For the Soviet it was more desirable that prisoners perished in the Soviet death- u6seirriivi erkeiiiek cizeiSO ItitClifoiiikOkP64recenbe , , camps, than that they — as silent acousors — made propaganda un- A siiii4batit;linnepSOgi :;.,,,, favourable to Communists and refuted the good reputation of the • r Soviet Union propagated by herself. 0/0 of PW-s repatriated in 1945 could recover after long, careful KikOtittjt$Viict51 74 411,bin31 treatment only, but many after having just had seen again their country and their beloved ones died of diseases that seized them f-js zoitah 10)ito.#.a2ilizi.da in Soviet captivity or of complete decrepitude. Those, too, whose life could be saved will have to bear the physic-al consequences of MUNKASEGYSEG,-. NePIEGYSEG Soviet captivity through all their lives. . , The number of PW-s repatriated in 1945 amounted to 15.000. The announcement of the first PW-transport The year 1946 was not much more favourable in repatriation of Hungarian PW-s, either. Desperate relatives did their hest with According to an order of the Soviet camp commandery return- Soviet occupation authorities and the Hungarian Communist Party ing PW-transports had to be welcomed on its arrival all with to at last effect repatriation of Hungarian PW-s and deportees. However, they did not get anything, but promises on the part of both rattling, rythmis marches played by a Hungarian PW-band. By this, too, they wanted to demonstrate to us, just who stood the Soviet and the -Hungarian Communists. Though Moscow con- before our departure to the Soviet Union, how gaily our com- stantly emphasizes its generosity toward its defeated ex-enemies patriots returned home from Soviet captivity. When the carriages the great words just hide the empty promises. of the above mentioned transport approached the camp gate, the In 1946 the Hungarian PW-transports unsystematicly arrived at band began the usual march but when the first carriages passed Hungary. But even these transports consisted exclusively of sick and by and they saw that those whom they welcomed with gay music weakened, invalid men uncapable of work. Till the end of 1946 60 61 . 35.000 Hungarian PW-s were repatriated by the Soviet. At that time, was stopped for good. In 1948 91.000 Hungarian PW-s were allowed however, PW-transports completely stopped for a longer time. to return to their nativeland. For a big part of the Hungarian people the PW-question was one The repatriation of PW-s was qualified a "poor bargain" by Mos- of the most urging problems. There was somebody missing from cow and its vasall leaders in Budapest becuse the returned PW-s hundreds of thousands of Hungarian families, who as PW-s or did not realize the least of hopes set in them. Namely, PW-s had deported civilians somewhere vegetated in the slave-camps of the returned home for the most part in such a poor physical condition Soviet Union. The stoppage of PW-repatriation made the Hungarian that they, merely augmented the anyhow populous mass of un- people all the more anxious, as meanwhile, on February employed people since they were uncapable of work for a shorter 10th, 1947 the Hungarian peace treaty had been signed or longer time. in Paris. It was striking, too, that up to that time the Western Powers had already released even the last The streets of Budapest became populated with invalid, Hungarian PW. Then, after the Communists — as well known — crippled PW-s had blown up the government on May 12, 1947, Stalin made his who, to the more glory of the People s Democracy, subsisted their announcement according to which the Soviet Union would release miserable life by begging. all Hungarian PW-s within a short time because of the "interven- tion" of Communist governor RAkosi and his Party. At the beginning But beyond their economic uselessness, there was a much of summer 1947 the returning PW-transports, indeed, started with weightier severe reason, too, why the repatriation had been stopped. a great speed and thus now everybody acquiesced that his relatives The prisoners who had returned from the Soviet paradise, although would surely soon return from Russian captivity. The press- and just cautiously, but they related to their relatives about that real broadcast-propaganda of the Communists of Hungary accompanied slave-like-life, and so the truth, spreading from man to man, the suddenly started PW-repatriation with such a concert that it destroyed the efforts of Communist agitation, made to improve didn t occur to anybody to suppose that Stalin yet would not keep public opinion. And this could not be forgiven to the returned PW-s, his promise. neither by Moscow nor by its hirelings in Hungary. Many "rumour- In the course of repatriation by the first trains there arrived pris- spreading" PW-s were again put into Jail or shut into camp of oners in good health, who had carefully been picked out of Com- Internment because of having committed the crime of "slandering" munist propaganda training-camps, in older to remove the terrible the Soviet Union. The repatriation of PW-s still staying in the Soviet impressions of the past. Further transports, however, again brought Union was stopped once for. ruined men in had physical state only. Whit the elections of August Since January 1949 no Hungarian PW-transport arrived at Hun- 31, 1947 the Communists but achieved moderate successes again yet gary, and up to now, neither by Moscow nor by the Budapest succeeded in strengthening their position to such an extent that government any official report has been published as to why re- repatriation of PW-s could be continued without interruption for the patriation has ceased, time being. Thus in 1947 altogether 110.000 Hungarian PW-s suc- ceeded in returning to Hungary. So far still no data whatever have been made public in con- In January 1948, however, new political difficulties arose and as nection with Hungarian PW-s: neither the number of the long as the hegemony of the Communists 5th column of Hungary returned ones nor that of those still staying away, nor the seemed not g-uaranted Moscow again stopped repatriation of PW-s. reason of their retainment, nor how many, and why perished PW-transports were started again in May 1948, at the most favour- In Soviet captivity. able moment for the Communist propaganda, 4. e. after the Summarising all these facts in spite of Stalin s promise, of the liquidation of the Social Democratic Party or, as the Communists 600.000 Hungarians taken prisoner by the Soviet or deported by the put it, at the time of union of both labour parties. On account of this Red Army demonstrably only 251.000 returned in these Vs years. successful Communist manoeuvre again some ten-thousand PW-s could return to their families. From this time the repatriation, with No reliable data are available as to the fate of 150.000 PW-s shorter and longer interruptions, lasted up to DeceSnber 28, 1948. and deported civilians of Hungarian nationality who belonged At this time the 63rd PW-transport had arrived at Debrecen and to territories annexed to the Soviet Union, Roumania, and therewith repatriation of Hungarian PW-s and deported civilians Yugoslavia after the war. 62 63 CHAPTER VIII. Me ssages from those buried alive. On September Thejacts and data contained in this White 15, 1998 centrally content ap suggested articles of identical BoOk, to elicit thepeared in the Budapest newspapers. had to be published prier to Septem- acquie T scence of the hese were designed persons still relatives of the ber 15th f950 for the General Assembly of a bsent in large PW-s w nurnbers. In and deported hich, that of the Paper "Vilag" a these a rticles of fac one of the United Nations. — Owing: to lack of stated that in September simile is pre P 1 0.000 and sented , it was ii W-s will return and in in October time and difficult . circumstance- Nov 12.000 Hungarian s the English cause, acco rding to auth ember the repatriation will end be- translation has been rather superficially entic data, only 30.000 Hungarian still in the Soviet Union .. Thus all Hungarian P W-s are reyised; consequently, numerous granunati- repatriated from the Soviet Union in this year ( P W-s will be of the year all of 1 them . will 9411) and be in, their by the end Cal errorS and misprints could not be pro- homes." With this official announcement the Communists an end to the import w perly corrected. — The editors of Hungaria unities of the anted to put rel atives of the PW-s. From the sincerely apologize - for the mistakes which they will Set right in a second edition. at" assiiinyok sw Peitoit U. SlOt Minden hcidito goli TTijtth0 lesz novemberre ti iirteieltitii, Iesii reakciOra ,selaszinviik - korindrkr" The officially = published Ile: all PW-5 Will come back 65 point of view of their propaganda the communist leaders deemed Description of facts: this question a major liability since at political assemblies and at No. 40. assemblies held by the factory-workers they were, again and again Former German PW H. S., who returned a short time ago writes: either hard pressed for explorations or their intervention was "On December 16,1949 I left the investigation camp No. 7062/4 requested in the matter of the unfulfilled promise of the "peoples at the northwest exit of Kiev. At this time there were still about friend, the great Stalin." In the answer to these inquiries the Com- 2000 Hungarian PW-s, among them 100 officers. In the camp munists had now decided to adopt the following attitude: The the PW "trials" went on incessantly. The sentences were carried official publication announced that there -weren t any more Hun- out immediately after they had been passed. Day by day garian PW-s on the territory of the Soviet Union. Those who had Hungarian PW-officers and soldiers disappeared, destination un- yet returned were either war criminals or fascists and therefore did known. The situation of two young Hungarian officers was not merit being returned to Hungarian soil; or they were such especially pitiful: One of them was a young first lieutenant who persons whom the "superior" Soviet manner of living had pleased during his captivity had lost by amputation both his legs from so highly that they did not wish any more to return to Hungary. the knees down. He was being detained because be refused to . Those who thereafter still dared ask and raise their voices ran sign a declaration stating that he had lost his legs due to his - the risk of being themselves designated fascists and war criminals own negligence. The facts in his case are: In the winter 1946/47 which implied the usual consequences, I. e. interrogations before he was brought in by the MVD (Soviet Political Police) for inter- the political police, "voluntary confessions pleading guilty," intern- rogation. Because of his not having confessed as demanded by ment and final disappearance. the MVE) he was put into a subterranean mass-cell where, in the hard winter-cold, both his legs were frozen and had to be However, this legion which was convicted to death, the men and amputated. women who still surviving from the 219.000 dragged away, these victims buried alive in the Soviet jails and camps they can not be The other was a young lieutenant who in captivity had be- silenced. Messages continue to arrive from them without cessation, come blind in both eyes. He likewise refused to sign the de- messages which appear here to free territory in mysterious, often manded declaration, I. e. that the loss of his eye-sight was due marvellous ways, brought by the last wave of the released German to his own fault. It may be asked: But why did these two men PW-s, like the last bottle-mail of the ship-wrecked borne by the refuse to sign these statements. The answer is simple. According waves of the sea. They are not written messages for letters and to common experience, had they signed the demanded decla- photos can not be brought by returning PW-s because those on ration (and this was the only reason for their reluctance) they whom such messages or photos are found during the incessant would have been brought before the local court-martial and searches are sent back forever to Siberia. Yet the messages arrive, severely punished on the charge that these helpless cripples had the prisoners who are about to be released learn the difficult and, .committed self-mutilation solely as a means to avoiding that is sabotageing their work assignement. for them, unusual names, data, addresses, the text of the messages, etc. and thus are capable of conveying them further. Here, on free The Hungarian PW-s and deported civilians imprisoned in this territory, these low shrieks and cries for help speak like the sea, camp had been, for the most part, brought into the Soviet Union sound like alarm bells, scream like sirens. Men who still have with the consent of the Hungarian Government than in power. , conscience and human feeling, even in their dreams hear this In explaining the circumstance that they were not being re- terrible chorus repeating the one word: Help! help! patriated the Soviets declared that the Hungarian Government had refused to take them back." Let us see some fragments of these messages as they were com- municated shakenly, falteringly, by former German PW-s,hy priests and soldiers, by deported civilian persons hoping to help their Description of facts: No. 41. Hungarian fellow-prisoners with whom they had suffered together Former Hungarian PW-officer who as German PW" escaped for long years behind the wire fences, with whom they have been Soviet imprisonment in the autumn of 1949 communicates: connected by a common fate, which did not distinguish linguistic "During 1948 and up till autumn 1949, when I safely escaped, and racial differences and for whose welfare they still feel a in this camp there occured so-called minor Hungarian prisoner- responsibility. Here the last messages: trials" only. In the course of these trials PW-s were sentenced 66 67 to 5-8 years hard labour because, being nearly starved, they to 10-12 years harcMabour. One Hungarian PW was charged had sold their shoes, coat, blanket, or other clothing. After the with espionage against the Soviet Union and was sentenced to sentence had been passed these convicted prisoners were trans- 25 years hard-labour. On the ground of the unsupported charge. ported to unknown places. The shadow of the real "big" trials Another Hungarian had allegedly during the war, executed 200 was cast in advence by the mass-interrogations which had begun Russians, according to a "charge" presented by an "informer." when I escaped. In the course of them the Hungarian Captain Confronted with the defendant the informer simply reduced the Vince TISZA was sentenced to 25, Colonel Lajos ZACHAR to number of the "executed" to 100. The defendant was invited to 25, Major lAszld SIPRAK to 15 years hard-labour." present counter-evidence •but because of his not having any possibility of doing so he was unable to defend himself. Of Description of facts: No. 42. course, he was declared guilty and was severely sentenced. Former German PW J. I. communicates: At the end of December 1949 there were still 2500 Hungarians "At the Kiev camp No. 7062/11 there are still detained more detained in this PW-camp, No. 7062/2, where they are quartered than 1000 Hungarian prisoners but besides them there are also under extremely poor conditions, in bunkers dug into the earth. German speaking civilian persons in large numbers. As reason Here during the winter they suffer very much from the cold." for their detention the Russians pretend that the Hungarian government does not even want to hear about their repatriation." Description of facts: No. 44. Former German PW P. K. communicates: Description of facts: No. 43. "The PW-camp No. 7285 nearby Velikiye Luki was dis- established in October 1948 and the PW-s were repatriated Former German PW W. F., Roman Catholic priest, writes: with the exception of 160 Hungarians." "As German PW-priest I was together :with Hungarian com- rades in Soviet captivity up to December 22, 1949. When I Description of facts: No. 45. escaped I vowed to call the attention of the world to their hard Former PW I. H. communicates: and almost hopeless fate. During my long imprisonment I was sent to every part of the Soviet Union and was everywhere — When the repatriation of the Hungarian PW-s was stopped in the Donetz-basin, on the Crimean peninsula, and finally at in November 1948 more than 7000 Hungarian PW-s were left the Kiev camp No. 7062/2. In this latter camp I was much in the Rustava camps No. 7555 (Caucasus) about whose further surprised to meet again such Hungarian PW-s with whom I had fate I do not know anything." been before in other camps. They had been promised by the Russians on countless occasions that they would be repatriated Description of facts: No. 46. soon but it was never disclosed to them how much more time Former German PW W. T. writes: this soon" signified. "In my estimate, today there are still 130-150 Hungarians at In the autumn of 1949 there began a political checking of the the camps No. 7099 in the environments of Karaganda Hungarian PW-s. Mass interrogations went on day and night, (Kasakhastan)." a powerful staff of MVD-officers worked incessantly, using every available means. Nobody dared speak a word more then Description of facts: No. 47. necessary and nobody trusted his fellow any longer because in Former German PW R. J. conununicates: the course of the "criminal proceedings" the MVD tried to "I returned from Soviet imprisonment half a year ago. With entrap the prisoners one against another. At the time of my my transport the last PW-s of Voronesh (Germans) were re- departure the trials were progressing in large numbers and at patriated. In the days preceding our departure, at our great that time the Soviet political police had already become surprise, Hungarian PW-transports arrived from every part of notorious for acting against the defendants on the ground of the Soviet Union to take our place at Voronesh. When we de- so-called "charges presented against definite persons." On the parted there were already more than 3000 Hungarian PW-s in ground of these invented charges the defendants were sentenced the camp No. 7082." 68 69 Description of facts: No. 48. we were repatriated, a transport of deported civilian persons, Former German PW H. B. writes: consisting of deported Hungarians, Ruthenians and Germans from Carpatho Ukraine, arrived to take our place." "At my departure 1700 Hungarian PW-soldiers remained in the Voronesh camp No. 7082/1. In the neighbouring camps Nr. 7082 /2 and 7082/3 there were, besides the soldiers, also Description of facts: No. 52. officers. The Hungarian PW-s had been sold by the Hungarian M. G. German PW writes: government to the Soviet government as reparation." "I left the camp No. 7437 at Cserepovec in October 1949, Description of facts: No. 49. there was still one Hungarian PW in camp, who did not know either German or Russian. I have no idea how he will defend Former German PW G. V. writes: himself in the "criminal suit" just started against him, when I "From the armistice until my escape I went through many left, since he will not understand a word of it, and there is not Soviet prisoner-camps and met everywhere Hungarian PW-s. even an interpreter in camp, who would understand Hungarian. Since 1945 an countless occasions they had been promised their This man is completely broken down spiritually." early repatriation. We Germans were firmly convinced that our Hungarian comrades would be allowed to return home much Description of facts: No. 53. sooner than the Germans especially after the Great Powers had signed the peace treaty with Hungary. Today it is obvious that Former German PW F.S. writes: these have been empty promises on the part of the Soviet. The "I returned home from PW-camp No. 7108/1 on January 9th, sadest thing in the whole affair is that we had to convince our- 1950. Then they still held about 200 Hungarian PW-s in that selves of the circumstance that the present Hungarian govern- camp." ment itself didn t want to get back its PW-s still in Soviet captivity." Description of facts: No. 54. On the immense territory of the Soviet Union Hungarian PW-s and deported civilians are vegetating today not only in mass group German PW H. T. communicates: but also dispersedly, in small groups, even as single prisoners left When I left, in the PW-camp No. 7119 (Ziljodonolszk) there absolutely lonely. These unhappy men subsist an their slave-life be- were still 70 Hungarian PW-s alive." hind the barbedvire fence of the hard-labour camps without any hope of liberation, left entirely to themselves. Description of facts: No. 55. Description of facts: No. 50. German PW B. A. writes: Former German deported civilian H. S. communicates: "Hungarians from the camp No. 7185/1 at Rodnik were trans- "In the hard-labour camp for civilian persons No. 1104/2 at ported to an unknown place of destination in 1949." Kemerovo (Siberia) a Hungarian woman Erzsebet DOROGI, 40, was detained in October 1949. Until December 1948 she could, Description of facts: No. 56. at least, be together with her gravely siok husband in a PW- camp at Stalinsk. Then, however, they were separated from each Former German PW S. N. writes: other." "In the camp No. 7937 at Vindau (Latvia) there were still many Hungarian PW-s in the summer of 1949." Description of facts: No. 51. These messages arrive interminably but their voices become German PW B. T. communicates: constantly lower and lower. Finally even men of the greatest mental "In the PW-camp No. 7027/2 at Krasnogorsk (Russia) there power, of the strongest faith are shaken. And from day to day the were still 17 Hungarians when I left. In November 1949, when number of those who still are able to send messages decreases. The 70 71 mills of the death-camps grind them pitilessly and mercilessly. The number of the unmarked mass-graves grows bigger and bigger and the relatives at home await in vain the intervention of some inter- national corporation, some humane establishment which might stop the grinding of the death-mills of the Soviet-camps. The pain of un- certainly slowly is replaced by the pain of certainty: The PW-s as CHAPTER IX. well as their families at home realize more and more that sentences of death are executed here without judgement, that here an imper- This is what we ask! sonal machinery with impunity destroys ten-thousands arid ten- thousands of innocent lives in the saving of which nobody in the wide world is interested. In the prisoner camps dispersed on the territory of the Soviet Union today ten-thousands of Hungarian PW-s are handed out defenselessly to the so-called courts of the Soviet secret police as well as to the slave-drivers of the labour-camps. Today the Hun- garian no larger finds a home in his own country which, under the armed rule at the slave-keepers of the Soviet system is also slowly being changed into an immense hard-labour camp. Not only free- dom of speech and press do not exist in it but there is not even the possibility of making a complaint. The Hungarian people have been handed over to a police machinery whose technic were being fected in the Soviet Union during the last thirty years. On behalf of the silenced PW-s and of the suppressed Hungarian people we Hungarian emigrants submit our petitions in the name of justice, humanity and right. 1.We- demand that until such time as the UN or the Inter- national Red Cross is permitted to investigate the PW- and hard-labour-camps of the Soviet Union, the Soviet be obliged to disclose the list of Hungarian citizens detained in PW- and hard-labour-camps. 2.We demand that the unjustly detained Hungarian citizens be allowed to correspond with their relatives. 3. We demand that the Soviet Union be obliged to communi- cate the names of those who, between 1945 and 1950, were convicted by the courts of the Soviet Union. We demand that they disclose the charges, sentences, and the reasons for the sentences; we demand further the review of these sentences with the mediation of judges and lawyers ap- pointed by the UN or the International Red Cross. 9. We demand that the Soviet Union be obliged to disclose officially the list of the Hungarian PW-s and deported civilian persons who have perished on the territory of the Solvet Union, and that the Soviet Union comminicate the places where they are buried. 72 73 S. In accordance with the International resolution accepts by the UN declaring the systematic annihilation of races, denominations, classes and nations to be a crime requiring international examination, we request an international Inquiry to investigate our charges, to check Our proofs, to hear our witnesses. We request that this inquiring be held CHAPTER X. to ascertain the nature of the crimes and the identity of the guilty ones even thought it may be physically impossible The Geneva Conventions waiting in vain for execution. at this time to execute any sentences. Such an international forum might deter wrongdoers from the commission of further crimes and would contribute to the amelioration of The Soviet Union did not fulfill either the Geneva or the Haag the situation of the PW-s and civilian persons still into conventions providing protection for PW-s and civilian persons. She slavery. did not even apply the most natural rules of humanity. Her actions cannot be excused just because PW-conventions have still partly 6. We demand that the Soviet Union be called upon through been subscribed by the czars government. They cannot be excused, the UN to release without delay the PW-s and deported for the Soviet Union cannot free herself of legal obligations of her civilian persons detained unjustly. predecessor, and cannot deny those rules the German war criminals have been condemned at Nurnberg for the violation of, where a Russian delegate has also particiPated. But she cannot refuse to fulfil the conventions, which were already signed by the Soviet Union, those of Geneva of August 12th, 1948. Nearly every section of these conventions charges the Soviet Union. There. follow a few sections which the Soviet Union then assumed to apply, and the application of which is expected, but in vain by the inmates of PW slave-camps all over the infinite Russian plains. The 12th and 13th Articles of the second Part establish that: Irrespective of the individual responsibilities that may exist, the Detaining Power is responsible for the treatment given them. Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated. Any unlawful act or omission by the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner of war in its custody is prohibited and will be regarded as a serious breach of the present Convention. ... Prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or intimidation and against Insults. Measures of reprisal against prisoners Of war are prohibited. Article 14. Prisoners of war are entitled, in all circumstances to respect for their persons and their honour. 74 75 Article 15. Article 27. The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide Clothing, underwear and footwear shall be supplied to PW-s in free of charge for their maintenance and for the medical attention sufficient quantities by the Detaining Power, which shall make all- required by their state of health. owance for the climate of the region where the prisoners are de- tained. The regular replacement and repair of the above articles Article 16. shall be assured by the Detaining Power. In adition, PW-s who work shall receive appropriate clothing, wherever the nature of the work ... All prisoners of war shall be treated alike by the Detaining Power, without any adverse distinction based on race, nationality, demands. religious belief or political opinions. Article 29. The Detaining Power shall be bound to take all sanitary measures Article 22. necessary to ensure the cleanliness and healthfulness of camps, and Prisoners of war may be interned only in premises located to prevent epidemics. Also, apart from the bath and showers with on land and affording every guarantee of hygiene and healthfulness. which the camps shall be furnished, PW-s shall be provided with Except in particular cases which are justified by the interest of the sufficient water and soap for their personal toilet and for washing prisoners themselves, they shall not be interned in penitentiaries. their personal laundry. Prisoners of war interned in unhealthy areas, or where the climate Article 30. is injurious for them, shall be removed as soon as possible to a more favourable climate. Prisoners of war suffering from serious disease, or whose condition necessitates special treatment, a surgical operation or hospital care, Article 23. must be admitted to any military or civil medical unit where such treatment can be given, even if their repatriation is contemplated in Detaining Powers shall give the Powers concerned, through the intermediary of the Protecting Powers, all useful information the near future. regarding the geographical location of prisoner of war camps. PW-s shall have the attention preferably of medical personnel of the Power on which they depend and, if possible, of their nationality. Article 25. The detaining authorities shall, upon request, issue to every prisoner, who has undergone treatment, an official certificate. A Prisoners of war shall be quartered under conditions as favourable duplicate of this certificate shall be forwarded to the Central as those for the forces of the Detaining Power who are billeted in Prisoners of War Agency. the same area. The foregoing provision shall apply in particular to the dormitories of prisoners of war. Article 31. The premises provided for the use of prisoners of war individually Medical inspections of PW-s shall be made at least once a month. or collectively, shall be entirely protected from dampness and They shall include the checking and the recording of the weight adequately heated and lighted. In any camps in which women of each PW. prisoners of war, as well as men, are accomodated, separate dormitories shall be provided for them. Article 52. No PW may be employed on labour which is of an unhealthy or Article 26. dangerous nature. No PW shall be assigned to labour which would be looked upon as humiliating for a member of the Detaining The basic daily food rations shall be sufficient in quantity, quality Power s own forces. and variety to keep prisoners of war in good health and to prevent loss of weight or the development of nutritional deficiences. The Article 71. Detaining Power shall supply prisoners of war who work with such Prisoners of war shall be allowed to send and receive letters and additional rations as are necessary for the labour on which they are cards. If the Detaining Power deems it necessary to limit the number employed. The use of tobacco shell be permitted. of letters and cards sent by each PW, the said number shall not be 76 77 six months :Toni the date when the Protecting Power receives, at an less than two letters and four cards monthly, exclusive of the indicatqd address, the detailed communication. capture cards. Prisoners of war who have been withouti news for a long period Article 104. shall be permitted to send telegrams. • In any case in which the Detaining Power has decided to institute Article 72. judicial proceedings against a PW, it shall notify the Protecting Prisoners of war shall be allowed to receive by post or by any Power as soon as possible and at least three weeks before the other means individual parcels or collective shipments containing, opening of the trial. in particular foodstuffs, clothing, medical supplies and articles of a Article 105. religious, educational or recreational character which may meet The PW shall be entitled to assistance by one of his prisoner their needs, including books, devotional articles, scientific equip- comrades, to defence by a qualified advocate or counsel of his own ment, examination papers, musical instruments, sports outfits and choice, to the calling of witnesses and, if he deems necessary, to materials, allowing PW-s pursue their studies or their cultural activities. the services of a competent interpreter. Article 87. Article 107. Collective punishment for individual acts, corporal punishments, Any judgement and sentence pronounced upon a PW shall be imprisonment in premises without daylight and in general any form immediately reported to the Protecting Power. of torture or cruelty are forbidden. Article 89. Article 118. In no case shall disciplinary punishments be inhuman, brutal or PW-s shall be released and repatriated without delay after the dangerous to the health of prisoners of war. cessation of active hostilities. Article 90. Article 120. The duration of any single punishment shall in no case exceed At a request of the PW and, in all cases after death, the will shall thirty days. be transmitted without delay to the Protecting Power; a certified Article 98. copy shall be sent to the Central Agency. Death certificates, or A PW awarded disciplinary punishment may not be deprived of lists certified by a responsible officer, of all persons who die as the prerogatives attached to his rank. It shall be allowed to stay in PW-s shall be forwarded to the PW Information Bureau. the open air at least two hours daily. If necessary shall be removed Deceased PW-s shall be buried in individual graves. In order that to the camp infirmary or to a hospital. They shall have permission graves may always be found, all particulars of burials and graves to read and write, likewise to send and receive letters. shall be transmitted to the Power on which such PW-s depended Article 99. Article 121. No PW may be tried or sentenced for an act which is not for- Every death or serious injury of a PW caused or suspected to bidden by the law of the Detaining Power or by International Law, in force at the time the said act was committed. No moral or physical have been caused by a sentry, another PW, or any other person, as coercion may be exerced on a prisoner of war in order to induce well as any death the cause of which is unknown, shall be im- followed by an official enquiry by the Detaining Power. him to admit himself guilty of the act of which he is accused. No mediately PW may be convicted without having had an opportunity to present A communication on this subject shall be sent immediately to the his defence and the assistance of a qualified advocate or counsel. Protecting Power. Article 101. No one of these rules of the Geneva Conventions had been fulfilled If the death penalty is pronounced against a PW, the sentence by the Soviet Union. shall not be executed before the expiration of a period of at least 79 78 THE EDITOR S THANKS The Hungaria expresses thanks to the PW Service of Hungarian LIST Veterans carrying out zealously the major part of compiling and collecting data, and also desires to interprete the thanks of 100.000 of the Soviet Concentration-, Transient-, PW-, and Hungarian PW-s and civilian persons detained in hard-labour camps to the Comradeship of Hungarian Veterans and also to those who Internment-Camps and PW-hospitals in the free world will hear this cry for help and hereafter will stretch their supporting hands towards those, who nearly lost their faith in justice. The Hungaria also thanks to the Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches in Exile in Germany for their unselfish aid, as well as to all former PW-s and comrades supplying data and helping us in Legend: breaking down the Soviet Iron-Curtain erected around the PW- camps. PW-camp HUNGARIA Paper of Hungarians in Exile PW-hospital o internment camp o concentration camp The central PW- and Internment Camps are underlined 80 A. CONCENTRATION CAMPS. I. Austria. Baden bei Wien Bad Fischau Wiener-Neustadt I. ASERBAZAN. 2. Czechoslovakia. Baku Li 7 7223/15 7238/143 Bratislava 7223/17 7238/5 IIlava 77238283t/87 77223223/1198 Strakonitze 7;23/21 Zhlabinsk 723819 7223/27 77223388//K10 722.3/41 3. Hungary 7223/45 Baja 7223/49 larovobad + 1552 A 77 227233/ I Cegled Debrecen 7223/2 Esztergom 7223/3 MIngi chaur + 5030 72722:223//8344 81 Gann 7223/4 Gyula 7232/5 77:444121 jiszbereny 723/6 7444/3 Kecskemet 7444/5 77=223/187 Mez6-air 7223/9 Salyani AA 7773:2:18/61 Sopron-KOhida 7223/11 Sungayt Szeged 7223/12 Szerencs Tetetlenpuszta 7223/143 7328/16 Vic Zalaegerszeg IL ESTONIA. 4. Roumania. Alms 7289/6 Temesvitr (Timisoata) A 7135 713511 Ketla-Jaerve A 7289 Ashenl A 7289/4 B. TRANSIENT CAMPS. 7289/1 Edda A 7135/7 7289/7 7289/3 1. Roumania. Kukruse A 7135/2 Joevt A 7135/4 7289/2 a) Brassii (Brasov) Kingisep A 7393/3 Lavashar A 7286/9 b) Miramarossziget (Sighet) 7393/5 Mardu A 7393/8 c) Focsani Kivloell + 8011 L, 279 Narva A 7135/5 d) Ratnnicul Sarat _ 7135/8 219/2 7393 2. Poland. 279/3 279/4 7393/10 Somber 7289/5 Orel A 7393/7 82 83 Rakvere A 7393/2 Tamiku A 713513 7168/7 Polotzk A 243 7168/8 Tapa A 7393/4 243/1 Tallin A 7286 7168/9 7393/9 7271/4 7168/11 7286/1 Tartu A 7287/1 7271/5 7168/12 7286/2 7393/1 7271/6 7168/14 7286/3 Turba A 7286/4 Ryechitza + 3903 A 7189/6 7168/15 7286/4 7189/8 Valk A 7287 7168/16 7286/6 _ 7189/F 7168/18 7286/8 7287/lc 7189/G 7168/19 7286/10 7287/5 7189/I. 7168/20 7286/A Vivikont A 7135/6 Stolptze A 7410/2 7168/25 Ugachevo A 7410/5 7168/27 7168/30 Vityebsk A 7271 III. BYELORUSSIA. 7168/B 7271/1 7168/C 7271/2 Baranovichi A 7410 Dobrush A 7189/11 7168/E 7271/3 7168/.1 7410/8 Gomel A 7156 7271/8 _ 7168/K 7410/9 7271/11 7156/3 7168/L 7410/13 7271/1. 7156/6 7410/19 7168iP 7168/T 7410/20 7189 Volkovisk -I- 3470 A 7281 _ 0 7168/13 7281/1 0 1962 7189/0 Mogilev A 7311 7189/1 7281/2 7311/1 Bereshavka A 7410/4 7189/2 7281/3 7311/2 7189/3 7281/4 Bobruysk A 7056 7311/3 7189/4 7281/5 7056/1 7189/5 7311/7 7281/6 7056/2 7189/7 7311/8 7281/7 7056/5 7189/10 Novo Belitza A 7189/9 7281/8 7056/6 7189/12 7281/11 Orsha + 4660 A 7271/9 7189/13 7281/12 BOriSOV 1673 A 183 7189/22 Osintov A 7271/7 Zhlobin A 7056/4 183/1 Ivantzevicht A 7410/3 7271/13 7189/14 183/6 Kamyenka A 7056/3 183/7. Kobrin A 7410/6 183/10 Krichev A 7311/4 IV. GEORGIA. 7168/10 Lesi + 2813 7168/21 Lesnaya A 7410/1 7168/22 7410/A Akamara A 7146/5 333/2 7168/23 7518/4 7518/5 7168/29 Minsk 2035 A 7168 Batumi A 7146/1 Kvezhan A 714616 7168/1 Borshurn + 2061 7518/3 Brest + 5849 7284 A 7168/lb inguri A 7146/2 Misheri A 7146/3 7284/1 7168/2 Kristiana A 7441/1 Molotovka A 7441 7284/2 7168/3 7441/3 7168/4 7441/2 7284/4 Kutays A 333 7284/13 7168/5 _ 333/1 Ochemchiri A 7146 7410/7 7168/6 84 85 7146/7 746113 7447/10 Salomine A 712012 7146/9 7461/4 7447/23 Pelinkovo A 7146/3b 7461/8 Segesha A 7212 7461/10 Shestroy-Svir A 7213 7212/3 9002 — 7461/11 7213/1 7212/4 9002/1 7461/16 7213/2 7212/5 Porchum 0 1250 7461/36 7213/3 7212/9 Tbilisi -I- 1563 A 7181/8 7213/4 7212/21 Rustava A 7181 _ 7213/5 72I2/A 7236 7181/1 _ 72I3/H Steklanoye A 7447/N 718112 7236/1 7181/3 7236/2 718114 7236/3 VI. KAZAKISTAN. 7181/5 7236/4 7181/6 7236/5 Akmolinsk 7339 7099/6 A _ 7181/7 7236/6 7099/7 7330/1 7181/9 7236/7 7099/8 7330/4 7181/10 7236/8 7099/9 7181/11 7236/9 Aktyubinsk A 7222 7099/12 7181/12 7236/11 7099/15 7181/13 7236/13 7222/1 7099/16 7222/2 7181115 7099/17 Tkvibull L 7518 7099/20 Suhum A 7461 0 194 — 7518/1 7099/22 7461/1 7518/2 Alma-Ala A 7040 7099/23 7461/2 7518/3 0 7099/1 7041/1 Kimperzhaysk 0 1090 Cheskastan A 39 V. FIN-KARELIA Kusnierim A 7330/2 39/1 39/2 Lentnogorsk A 7347 Kandalaksha 0 1106 7120/13 Domoskoye A 7222/3 7347/12 0 1906 7120/14 7347/A Kem + 8755 7120/A Karaganda A 7099 7347/B Leninstroy A 7120/3 7120/3 7099/2 . 7347/C Letnaya A 7212/2 7120/1) 7099/3Petropavlovsk A 7330/5 Malenka A 7212/7 7120/G 7099/4 MetvIchagora A 7120/18 7120/P 7099/5 Ust-Karnyennogorsk A 7045 Novosteklanoye A 7447/7 7447/3 Ostrov A 7212/13 Pitkaranda A 7166 Petrovskl-Yama A 7212/6 7166/1 VIII. LATVIA: Petroshavodzk + 5879 A 7120 7166/2 • 7120/1 Boloshi 7951 Kaugark. 7938 7166/3 A — A 7120/4 7166/16 Dvinsir -I- 5859 A 7292 Kegums A 277/3 7120/5 _ Pudosh 7939 7120/7 A 7447 7292/3 7120/9 7447/5 7292/4 Kukas A 7292/2 7120/10 7447/6 7295/5 Liepaya A 7349 7120/12 7447/9 Irlava A 7957 7349/1 — 86 87 7349/2 7931 IX. LITHUANIA. 7349/3 7349/5 7935 [] 7057 7296/5 7349/6 7943 tteydekrug 7296/6 [] 7057/6 Mitava A 266 7944 IClaypeda A 7057/1 A 7057/2 7057/3 266/2 7944/13 7057/4 7057/7 266/3 7057/5 7945 Rims A 7195/5 266/5 7057/A 7932 7946 70571A1 SIaullal A 7294 Ogre 7291 7948 7057/H 7294/3 7949 7950 7184 7294/4 7057/S °Layne A 7941 7952 7184/4 Parma liMalus 7195 A 7934 7952/14 Kaunas + 1245 A 390 7195/1 kampa A 7940 7953 7296. 7195/2 ---- Riga +2040 A277 7195/3 ____ 7955 7296/1 7195/4 + 3338 277/2 7296/2 7956 7195/7 + 4379 277/4 7296/4 277/5 7958 277/6 7959 277/7 7960 X. MOLDOVIAN REPUBLIC. 277/8 277/9 7961 Benderi 0 (Ty0j15- 7198/2 277/11 7964 thbor) 7198/3 277/12 Bjeltzl + 3376 0 ()TAM- 7198/4 277/13 7964/13 tabor) 7198/5 277/18 7964/14 7198/9 7198/7 7964/22 A 277/29 7198/8 7984/28 Claim, A 7198 7198/10 317 7964/30 7198/1 T1raspol A 7198/11 317/5 Rosften A 7292/6 31718 7292/7 317/13 Shalasbpiftz A 277/1 XI. SOVIET RUSSIA. 317/A 277/14 3174) 7942 1. North Russia A 350 Sloka A 7947 7157/5 350/1 7954 Arhandyelsk A 7211 • 7 157/7 350/3 Tukum A 26 7211/1 7211/2 7575 7923 Vindava A 7937 7211/3 7575/2 7211/9 7575/3 7399/4 7575/4 Bogoroskly A 7158/7 Bauxltogorsk + 8114 A 7157 7270 7157/1 BorovIctil A 88 89 7276/3 7750 7270/1 Ribinsk A 7259 7276/4 7751 7270/2 7259/1 7276/5 7270/3 3732 7259/2 Vosega -I- 7276/6 7270/9 7259/3 7276/9 7270/13 Yaroslavl A 7276 7259/4 7276,10 7270/14 7276/1 7259/5 7276/E 7270/15 7276/2 7274/4 7270/16 7276/12 Chagoda A 7158/3 7276/13 2. District of Leningrad 7158/4 7276/B 7158/14 7726 Sarukino Li 7270/4 Antropchlna A 219 7158/15 7727 Sestropetzk A 7710 219/7 Cherepovetz + 3739 A 7158 7728 7710/4 254 + 5091 7158/5 7729 Slantzi 7158/10 A 322 254/3 7730 7158/11 254/5 322/1 7158/13 322/2 254/8 7732 7437 322/3 7733 7701 322/20 7437/1 7734 7705 A 7725 7437/2 Fordl 7735 7710 !Alma A 219/6 Grazhovetz A 7150 7736 7720 Klkertno A 210/0 Kotlas 0 1098 7737 Sokol A 7193/1 Marina • A 7158/1 7193/6 Kolpino A 7703 7738 Molotov. A 7211/8 7193/9 7721 7739 Suda A 7158/8 Monctlegorsk A 7448 7158/9 . 7740 Krasnoye-Selo A 7700 7448/1 Tokum A 7270/8 7388(6 7741-,. ,• ; 7448/2 Torgus A 5157/8 7448/7 listucha A 7158/2 Leningrad + 8261 A 436 7448/11 Vernnly-Volsk A 7157/6 7702 7743 J., Volhoystroy A 7157/2 Murmansk 0 513 7744 7157/4 7707 A 7363 Vologda A 7158/6 7744/1 7709 7363/1 7193 7711 7745 7363/2 7193/2 7712 7746 7363/6 7193/4 Novgorod A 7270/5 7747 7193/5 7713 7270/10 7193/7 7716 7270/12 7193/8 A 7747/3 OzhoIt A 7276/8 7717 Volosovo Paroklna A 7270/6 A 300 7749 7722 72701 7715 7752 Pereslavl A 7276/7 7723 _ 7731 7753 Pinyuk + 2074 7724 Pistovo A 7270/11 7748 91 90 3. District of Moscow 7832 7822 Shanikovo A Albino A 7867 7435 7823 Shiramuchki A 7801 Alerandrovska A MO. 40 7435/1 7826 Sashanovo A MO. 39 7435/2 Chuhlinka A 7802 7828 MO. 65 7435/4 A 58/9 Galitzinovo A 7833 7435/5 7830 Saranksh Golozhinovo A MO. 44 7435/7 7839 7063 7435/8 7840 A 7878 7866 7435/9 Sash Guchina A 7804 74/35/10 7848 Satura A MO. 61 7435/11 lksha 7829 7849 A 7435/12 MO. 64 Kaliningrad A 7821 7435/13 7856 7864 7435/14 7824 7859 78M/7 7435/15 7435/16 7860 7824/1 Semlnovskoye A 7844 7435/17 7860/8 Kiserovka A 7838 7435/18 Simla A 7851 Kolomna -7435/19 7868 A MO. 28 7453/3 7435/20 7841 7868/1 7466/5 7435/51 7868/2 7466/7 7855 7453 7453/4 7870 Svernigorod A 7847 7453/1 7873 Komunarka 7836 7453/2 Tarusia A 7886 A - 7453/5 7874 7836/9 7453/7 Tudikovo A 7845 7875 7453/P Kotkovo A MO. 67 7865/6 7466/3 7879 7825 7466/6 7881 Tupetzov A 7869 Kraskovo A 7889 74136/8 7466/9 7882 Uslovaya A 7603 Litkarino A 7853 7496/13 7883 7863/1 7466/16 Mordvetz A 7806 7883/5 7863/4 7466/17 7863/15 Moskva + 3773 A MO. 27/: 7466/19 7892 7466/20 Voronovo A 7888 + 5850 MO. 62 7895 - 7466/25 Voskresensk A 7854/6 MO. 69 7806/c 7805 7858 MO. 73 A 7835 7808 Novogorsk MO.?? Yavash A 58 7811 Novojerusalem A 7834 MO. 83 58/1 7435/3 - 7816 58/2 MO. 92 7818 58/3 Oblanichevo A 7896 MO. 92/2 58/4 7819 Pirovo A 7837 55/5 7054 7820 58/6 Radovitze A 7817 92 93 Dryansk o 5799 7117/9 58/7 58/14 7117/10 A 7252 58/12 58/15 7117/11 58/13 58/16 7252/14 7117/12 7252/15 7117/13 7252/16 7117/14 4. District of Kaliningrad. 7117/1S 7326 7117/17 Bova A 753.3 7444:65 7326/1 7117/18 7533/1 Vistruch + 1894 0 7445 7326/3 7117/19 0 7533/2 A 7445/3 7326/7 7117/25 7445/6 7326/8 7117/32 Kaliningrad 0 7533/3 7445/7 7326/12 Gusk A 7190/5 7533/4 7445/8 7326/15 Idishkovo A 7218/1 7533/A 7445/10 7326/16 7533/C Insha 0 1092 7445/11 7326/18 7533/D 7445/11e 7326/A 2091 7445/D 7445/12 Byelgorod A 7145/4 Ivanovo A 7324 Tilsha A 7445/1 7445/15 Cementny A 7252/3 7324/1 7445/2 7445/19 Chepekovo + 5365 7445/1 1 b 7445/20 7324/2 7445/28 7445/24 Chora A 171 7324/2a 7324/3 7445/44 7445/A Dzherdzhinsk A 7469/1 7469/2 • 7324/4 7469/3 7324/5 5. Middle Russia 7469/5 7324/6 7324/8 Ahum A 7399/3 7338/6 7528 7324/9 7338/7 7324/10 Alatir A 7463 Dyatkovo A 7326/4 7338/20 7324/12 Elishanka A 7338/1 Alexandrovka A 7399/G Balahlna A 7117/23 7324/13 7338/2 Bebrydanskoye A 7388/2 7324/14 Aaluta A 339 Engels A 7368/8 Beshitza A 7252/1 7368/14 7324/16 Alyexin - A 7043 7252/4 7185/16 Fokino A 7252/13 Anopino A 7190/12 7252/5 7406/15 165/6 7190/20 7252/6 7406/16 Ivanovskoye A 7145/10 7252/7 Aryol A7262 GaBch 4- 9401 Katoga A 7107 • 7252/8 Glazhov A- 3779 7262/2 7252/9 7107/1 7252/10 Gorkiy A 158 7107/4 7263 • 725241 7107/5 165/3 7263/1 7252/12 7107/7 165/5 7263/2 Bobrik A 7388/1 7406/18 165/8 7406 7388/7 165/10 Kalinin + 8246 A 7384 Bolobovo A 73231 7406/1 7384/1 7323/10 7014 7406/9 7384/2 BoIota . A 165/4 Arsk -I- 3655 7117 7384/A Burenyina A 7117/16 Atkarsk 4 5131 7338 7117/1 7384/B A Butosh A 7326/2 7117/7 7384/D 7338/5 Buzuluk + 1069 95 94 7234/3 Morshansk + 8022 A 7063 7395 Kiln A 7326/10 7234/4 7326/11 7064 7395/1 7234/5 7064/1 7395/2 7850 7234/6 7094/4 739514 7234/7 7365/6 7064/5 7395/5 7234/8 Kornakova 7406/13 7064115 7395/6 A 7234/9 Koroshova A 7216/10 7395/7 7234/11 7458 Kosharova A 7216/2 7395/D 7234/12 Kovsinovo 4041/1 A 7044 7395/H A 7234/13 Mozhaysk 7384/6 7395/K 7234/14 7465 Kozatino A 7395/0 7395/T 7234/15 7323/18 7 465/1 Krasnovardeysk A 7234/A Karachev A 7326/6 A 7388/6 7464/5 Krasnoye-Selo 7234/8 7326128 7465/6 Krasuogorsk 0 7027 7234/C Kazan 0 1100 7234/1) 7842 A 7027/1 7234/6 1101 7027/2 7234/0 Mozhga + 3888 1102 Krasnomaysk A 7216/3 Mtzensk A 7406/20 Lesnvo + 3398 7216/8 7406/23 1115 Linda + 2861 7406/4 Narafominsk A 465/3 0 7859 71 1 9/3 Kidskin b, 7399/12 Luberchi A 7843 7119/5 Kristahtly-Guska A 719012 7869 7119/12 7190/4 Nikolayevka A 7399/8 Lublin° A 7467 Katekino A 7216/12 Kruykovo A 7466/4 7399/5 7467/1 Nizhniy-Lanov + 2741 Kclny A 327 Kulibakly A 7320 7457/2 Noginsk + 2658 A 9999 Klkerino A 7395/3 7320/1 7467/3 7395/15 7320/2 7467/6 Novistroy A 7384/4 7395116 7320/3 7467/7 7384/7 7320/4 7467/9 Novosibkov A 327/2 7307 Kirov A 7320/7 7467/10 Novosilkov A 7326/9 7467/13 7307/1 Kurlovo A 7190/6 Opitinov A, 7406/17 7307/1a 7145/1 7467/19 7467/20 Oranki A 7074 7307/2 Kursk A 7145 7307/2a 7468/7 7117/5 A 7107/2 7307/3 7145/3 Ludinovo Oren A 7117/4 7145/5 7107/3 7307/4 Orichi + 1952 730715 7145/7 Malsevan A 7395/12 A 7041 7307/6 7145/11 Marxstadt A 7368/15 Ostrashtroy° + 8246 7399/1 7307/7 7145/15 Mahalino A 7041/4 7399/17 7307/8 7145123 7041/5 7399/A 7307/9 Kusnetzk + 2738 A 7399/6 7041/6 + 2917 7399/13 7307/10 Mihay1ovka A 7185 7041/7 73071 13 Kuybisev + 3285 0 7234/10 7216/7 7185/2 7307/18 7234/19 7185/3 Palonki + 3169 7307/19 7185/7 7307/31 A 7234 Pensha + 2916 A7399 A 7384/5 7307/A Mohovaya 7234/1 7389/E 7399/9 Kirshanov A 7338/11 7234/2 97 96 7399/14 7238/4 Smolensk A 7218 7476 7399/22 7238/5 7218/3 7476/19 7399/27 7238/6 7218/4 7399/38 7238/7 Tula 1- 5358 A 7323 7218/16 7399/46 7238/8 7218/C 7323/1 7399/B . 7238/9 A 7467/8 7323/3 7399/C Stahanovo 7238/10 7323/4 7399/E 7238/11 7852 7323/5 7399/H 7238/12 7854 7323/6 7399/U 7238/13 7323/11 Plashatka A 7117/3 7238/14 7857 7323/13 Plavsk A 7406/19 7238/15 7858 7323/14 7406/21 7238/16 7323/18 Podolsk A 7406/7 Stallnogorsk 7464 7238/18 A 7323/19 7238/19 7861 7388 7323/20 7238/20 7323/24 7238/21 7388/3 7880 I 7323/31 7283/3 7388/4 Polyane 7323/L + 1631 1 7388/5 Pravdina 7406/3 A 7117/2 7368 7388/8 7406/12 Pskov A 7343 7368/2 7388/9 7388/10 7368/5 Uglitch A 7221 7343/3 7368/6 7388/11 7343/B 7276/11 7368/7 7388/12 Pyervelukl A 7399/10 73E8/10 7388/13 - 7452 7399/D 7368/11 7388/15 Pyezbek A 7216/4 7452/1 7368/12 7388/17 7216/9 7368/13 0 7388/33 A 7215 Ran tzevo A 7041/2 Ulyanovsk 7368/17 Stalinskaya A 7466/10 Rishkovo A 7145/2 7215/1 Selenodolsk -F 3656 Starioskol A 7145/8 Rodnikt A 7185/1 7215/2 Staroskaya A 7906/10 Roslavl + 8731 A 7218/2 Selicba A 7399/2 7215/3 Starosa A 7107/6 4- 3177 Serpuhov -h 2664 A 7406/2 7215/4 7406/5 Suzhdal A 160 7215/5 Ryazhan 1- 5963 A 178 7406/8 7388/4 Talitzin -1- 2041 Uslovaya A 178/5 7406/14 7388 24 Talizhe A 165/9 7454 7803 7406/6 7454/3 Tambov A 188 7454/4 Shokinov A 7323/7 Ushman A 95 7323/8 Terugina A 7145/6 7454/5 Usta -1- 2851 7454/7 7323/12 Tetkino A 7145/9 7158/2 7454/11 7323/15 Toxihinev A 7343/7 Ustucha A 7323/17 Tushinov A 76/16 7459/14 Velikiye-Luki A 7285 7454/15 Silihova -1- 3604 90 7285/1 Ryetkino A 7384/3 Silkov A 725212 Simanova A 7406/11 90/1 7285/2 Saratov + 3631 A 7238 Sisran A 7399/7 7285/3 7466 + 5138 A 7238/1 7399/11 7285/4 7238/2 7399/J 7466/1 7285/5 7238/3 Skopin + 4791 7466/18 7285/6 913 99 7285/7 7137/2 Buhareyka A 7182/4 Krasnomaysk A 7108/1 7285/8 7137/3 Bukovo A 7182/5 7108/7 7285/74 7137/4 Byalorechinskaya + 5453 Krapotkiy A 7148/9 7148/J Ventichsaya 1- 5379 7137/5 A 7137/6 Frolov A 50 7148/T Vishniy- + 3052 A 7216 7137/7 163 Krimskaya A 7148/5 Volochuk 7137/8 7148/L 16311 7216/1 Kusterok + 5459 Voronyezh A 7082 163/2 7216/5 163/3 Lebedian A 35 7082/1 Vladimir A 165/1 7108/8 7082/2 35/2 7108/18 7190 7082/3 Matlack-Ma A 7379 7190/1 7082/4 Georgiyevsk A 7124 7379/2 7082/5 7379/3 7190/3 7147 7082/8 7190/7 7147/1 Maykop A 7424/10 7082/9 7190/8 7147(5 Mineralniy-Vodl A 7424/5 7082/10 719019 7147/8 7082/11 Nalchik A 7424 7190/10 7147/9 7190/11 Voykova A 7048 7147113 7424/2 7190/13 7424/3 7190/16 Vyashniki A 165 Grozhniy 0 1702 7424/8 7190/17 Zh na 4- 3840 A 7324/15 A 7237 7424/9 7190/21 7424/11 7190/22 Zhilyonodolsk A 7119 7924/4 7424/A 7424/4a 7119/1 7119/2 7429/C 7924/B Volokalamsk A 9016 7119/4 7424/E 7424/1) 7424/7 7119/6 Volsk + 5134 A 7137 7424/H 7119/7 Hugovo A 7182/1 7424/M + 8691 A 7137/1 9119/9 lzhvarino Ls 7182/10 Kamensk A 7182/9 7424/P Kamishin 1- 5772 A 7363/7 7424/11 6. South Russia + 5773 NevInka A 7147/3 7255/14 Kotelnikovo A 7108/6 Novikovka A Alyuta A 7182/2 Astrahan + 5761 A 305 7356/6 Apseronka A 7421/5 Krasnodar p 7148 Novocherkask + 5351 A 7251/11 7204 7148/1 7251/16 Armavir A 87 7204/1 7148/1a 7251/21 7204/2 7148/3 7148/8 7421/3 7148/5 7204/3 7148/16 7421/4 7148/5b 7204/5 7148/19 7421/6 7148/11 7204/6 7148/23 7148/2 7148/12 7204/7 7148/25 Novorosiysk A 7 148/7 7148/13 720419 7148/A 7148/14 .7148/15 Azhovka A 7182/7 71481M 7148122 7148/17 Bataysk A 7251/2 7148/H 7148/24 7148113 Beketovka + 2102 A 7108/2 7148/N 7148/C 7108/3 7148/P Novoshahti A 7430 7148/0 7108/9 7148/S 7430/2 7148/F Beslan A 7424/V Krasnaya-Polyana A 4148/U 100 101 7148/K 7430/3 7182/14 7356/8 7430/4 7182/18 7356/10 Uryupinsk + 5770 A 132 7430/5 7182/A Tuapse 7148/6 7430/6 7I82/R 7148/10 Visokiy A 7147/4 7430/8 7430/1 7148/18 7148/E Zhmeyka A 7424/G Ordzhonikidzhe A 7228 Stalingrad + 5771 A 108/6 Eachkovskaya + 5443 108/9 7. Krim Pyaligorsk A 7147/2 361 7424/12 Feodoshia A 7299/4 7241/16 7424/K 361/1 Gudag A 7299/5 7291/17 361/2 Kamish-Berun A 7299/3 7292/20 Rostov 0 1002 361/3 7299/14 7299/13 1602 361/8 Kerch A 7299/6 Sinferopol A 7299 361/9 7299/8 1604 7299/1 Nikita A 7299/18 7108 7299/2 1605 Oryandi A 7241/9 7108/1 7299/2d 1607 7108/3 " Sevastopol + 3318 A 7241 7299/7 A 7182/17 7108/4 7241/1 7299/9 7108/5 7241/2 7299/10 7251 7108/10 7241/3 7299/11 7251/1 7108111 7241/4 7299/12 7251/3 7108/12 7241/5 7299/15 7251/4 7108/13 7241/6 7299/16 7251/5 7108/14 7241/7 7299/19 7251/6 7108/15 7241/8 7299/20 7251/6a 7108/16 7241/10 7299/21 7251/7 7108/17 7241/11 7299/23 7251/9 7108/19 7241/12 7299/24 7251/10 7241/13 7299/25 7362 7251/11 7241/14 7299/26 7251/12 7362/1 7241/15 7417/7 • 7251/13 736212 7251/18 7362/3 8. Ural 7362/9 7421 7200/10 7362/5 Adamovsk A 7523/2 7523/1 7421/1 7362/6 7523/3 7523/9 7421/2 7362/8 Akbulak + 3926 742I/2a 7362/9 Alapayevsk A 7200 Asha A 130 7362/10 7552 7362/14 7200/1 •130/2 130/3 Shahtl 0 1603 7362/17 7200/2 319/3 Taganrog A 356/1 7200/3 A 7182 7200/4 7356 7771 7182/3 7200/5 7773 7182/6 73561 7200/6 7182/8 7200/7 7356/2 Asbest A 7084 7182/11 7356,4 7200/8 7084/1 7182/12 7356/5 7200/9 103 102 7084/2 7606 1zhevsk + 5122 A 7075/1 7318/5 7084/3 7607 7075/2 7504/9 7084/4 Lovinka A 7531/6 7084/5 7609 7371 7531/10 7084/6 7611 7371/1 Magnitogorsk + 5088 0 102/24 7089/9 7611/14 7371/2 + 5925 A 7613 Borovsk A 7207/13 7371/3 7618 7612 Karabash A 102/18 Botania 0 1083 102/27 7624 7616 Buguruslan A 7369/4 7621 7617 Karr-dusk A 7504 Magnitka A . Byelagush 0 1084 A 7619 7623 750411 Aili88 0 7777 -- 7504/2 7622 Byelored/sk 7626 - 7504/3 7777/1 Molotov 0 1093 7621 7504/8 7777/2 7504/10 A 7207/3 7628 7777/3 - Kistrin A 102/25 7207/5 102/26 Chelyabinsk 0 1099 7629 7207/6 A 7531/11 7632 Kirovgrad 7207/8 7602 7207/9 7662/9 Kizhel A 346 A68 7207/10 7662/13 7207/14 7207/12 68/1 7207/15 7207/16 7667 68/2 7207/16 7207/17 68/3 7671 7207/L 7207/18 68/4 7676 Koma A 7207/2 7207/19 68/5 7207/20 68/6 7680 Kopeysk 0 1073 7207/A 68/7 - Chernikovka A 7474 1080 Monetka A 7311/4 7531/4 102 7774/1 1081 102/1 Nike! 0 1902 . 7778 A 7608 102/3 Nizhnly-Tagil + 2929 A 7153 102/4 319/4 7613/11 102/7 319/5 Krasnokamsk 0 1093/1 7153/1 102/8 319/6 7153/2 1752 7153/3 102/10 Chkalov + 5365 A 7369 102/11 A 7207 7153/4 7369/1 7153/5 102/12 7207/1 102/14 7369/2 7153/6 Krasno-Uralsk A 7376/1 102/15 7369/3 7153/7 7376/2 102/19 7369/5 7153/8 7376/4 102/23 Dyetyarka A 7313/2 7153/10 Grigoryevskaya + 5939 7376/5 7153/11 7601 Kusvar A 7376/7 7153/12 Igoshina A 7523 7153/18 7603 A 7318 Lalya 7153/29 7523/8 7604 7318/1 Irbil A 7523/4 7245 7605 7318/2 lstok A 7314/4 7318/4 7245/1 109 105 9. Siberia 7245/2 7314/7 7245/3 7314/9 Abagur A 7525/6 Osiniki A 7525/C 7295/5 7314/11 Anyerka A 7256/4 Rub yovka A 7511 7245/7 7314/12 7756/7 _____ 7319/16 7256/8 7511/7 Novogorkiy A 7610 - 7523/7 7256/C Sambor A 459 Novotroysk A 7260/2 7531/2 0 1104/4 7531/3 7260/3 Gizelovka A 7525/M Sosra A 231 7531/7 Ohtobria A 7772/2 7531/8 lkovka 0 6437 Stalinsk A 7525 Orsk 7531/9 + 3922 A 7260 Kemerovo 0 7503 _ 7531/12 7525/1 7260/1 7503/1 7525/2 7260/2 Tura A 7376 _ 7503/2 7525/3 7260/8 7376/3 7525/4 7260/20 1104 7376/9 7525/5 1 104/2 7525/7 71:90073/4 AO Turinsk A _450 7525/9 Plast + 1652 A 308 7525/11 458 Proleta rskaya 7503/3 7525/12 7750504/4/ 65 7755=35 Pisna A 7531/5 7503/5 7503/6 Pyerve- Uralsk A 7313/3 7504/7 7503/7 7525/20 Rabova A 7075 Uas A 7314/8 7503/9 7525/A 7503/10 7525/K Rakityanka -I- 5889 iyen A 7525/10 5913 Ufa + 5918 A 7351391/1 Sityaurm - 7503/AH Revda 5920 319/1 7503/R Rudnik A 77243153/166 _337 Kurgan 0 71018979 Sarkamsk A 77320137//511 0AA 777777:5509099226933363////3221 Seversk 7772 Novosibirsk + 2494 A 77119999/2 7314/13 77777732/1 7199/1 Yurga Sverdlovsk 0 711_1781130003131 - 7199/3 77: 9999//46 7526/3 7 19/9 5 7526/6 77r:65 7526/A 9001 7526/13 -- A 7313/7 9001/1 9001/3 7313/9 XII. ARMENIA. 7313/14 Ufaley 1- 1651 Urzburnka A 7115/3 7314 A 102/26 Amali A 7115/2 Sevan - A 7115/6115 Ararat A 7115/7 7314/1 A 765:4 Yerevan 73 14/2 A 7115/9 Volshanka 7115/1 7314/3 Vorosnyitza KAir:oikvokan 7711115v/89 7319/5 -i- 3171 Lenlnakau + 1774 7314/6 Vrhna-Solda A 7245/4 106 107 7134/9 Striy 5896 A 7732 XV. UKRAINE. Tarnopol A 7275/7 + 5998 7232/1 Vinitza A 7253 7232/2 7253/1 A. West Ukraine 7232/4 7253/2 Berdichev 7232/A + 2993 A 7110/6 Nikolayev + 4564 A 7126 7253/5 Sudyilke A 7306/4 7110/7 7126/1 7253/9 Sumi A 7134 7110/9 7126/2 7253/G 711016 7134/3 7126/4 Zdolbunovo A 7306/6 Borispoly A 7414/3 7134/4 7126/5 Zbitomir A Ill 7414/36 7126/6 7134/8 Busk 0 7275/4 7126/7 Chernovitz A 7232/9 7126/8 B. Middle Ukraine Gaysin + 3641 Nikolayevka A 7134/1 Ignapoly A 7110/4 Novograd- 1556 + 5953 Barinkovo + 5993 Kashatin A 7253/A Volinskiy 7253/D Byelaya + 2686 A 7149 Odessa + 3986 A 7159 A 7415/1 7253/E Chuguyen 7149/1 9004 Kershon A 7126/3 7159/1 7149/2 7159/2 Konotop A 7134/6 Dergachi A 7401/7 7149/3 7159/3 7134/7 Dntepro- + 5807 0 1415 7149/4 7159/4 7134/16 7149/5 7159/5 dzerdzhinsk A 7315 Korosteny -1- 2329 A 7110 7149/8 7159/6 7315/1 4149/9 7110/2 7159/7 7315(8 7149/10 7110/3 7159/8 Dnlepro- 7149/11 7110/8 7159/9 petrovsk + 5905 0 1426 7149/12 7110/12 7159/9a 7149/13 7110/E 1435 7159/10 7149114 7110/G 7159/11 7315/9b 7149/15 Korovina A 7232/6 7159/12 A 7315/2 7401 Koval + 2688 7159/13 7315/3 Lvov + 1241 A 7275/1 7159/14 7315/4 7401/1 7275/2 7159/15 731517 7401/2 7275/3 7159/17 7315110 7401/5 771515 7159/18 7315/11 7401/6 7275/6 7159/A 7315/15 7401,10 7275/8 Polonoye A 7306/2 7315/32 7401/11 7275/9 Rovno A 7306/5 7417 7401/12 - 7275110 Sarnbor + 2149 701/13 A 7062/13 7275/11 Sepetovka 7306 Darnitza 7401116 A 7414/2 7275/12 7415 7306/1 7414/26 77251A 7306/7 74I4/2d 7415/2 7275/K 7306/8 7414/10 7415/5 72751M 7306/10 A 7415/4 7415/6 7275/Ml Irby= 7306/19 A 7401/K 7415/10 0 7273 Karlovka Slavuta A 7306/3 Kaylaki A 7417/10 Khershon A 7126,3 Moglino A 7110/1 Stanislav A 304 Kharkov + 1233 0 1553 0 1712 Morsehin A 7232/7 304/1 1555 Kiev + 4035 7275/D 7232/10 109 108 7017 A _ 1413 C. East Ukraine 7062 _ 1431 7062/1 Kupyansk -I- 5366 Alshevsk A 7144/16 7242/5 7242/7 7062/2 5984 7149/17 7144/29 7242/9 7062/3 Marganetz A 7315/6 7062/4 7242/10 7315/9 Antrazit A 7256/1 7062/5 Moshnly 7242/11 A 7414/G Bryanka A 7144/2 7062/6 Novo-Moskovsk. 7242/11a A 7417/5 7I44/2a 7062/7 Pokatilovka 7242/12 A 7401/4 7144/7 7062/8 7242/13 7417/1 7144/7a 7062/9 Poltava -I- 2071 7242/14 0 7136 7144/26 7062/10 7242/15 7062/11 A 7136/1 714410 7242/16 7062/12 7136/3 7242117 Bures A 7280/10a 7062/13 7136/6 7242/18 Rashvilka a 7062/14 A 7414/1 Chasova ya-Yuzhno 0 1004 7242/19 7062/15 7414/1r 7242/21 A 7217/7 7062/16 7414/4 7242/23 7217/11 7062/17 7414/46 7242/27 7414/R 7062/18 ChIstyakovo -I- 6029 A 7177/4 7242/A Rebyonka 7062/19 A 7136/5 7177/9 7242/Y Rogan 7062/20 A 9004/1 7177/10 Rudnik A 7315/5 7144/8 7062/22 7177/11 Corsk A Silnov 7062/ .23 A 7414/7 7177/13 7144/14 Skorodova A 7136/2 7062/29 7280/6 A 7144/12 7136/4 • Irmlno 7062/25 7280/11 7144/124 7062/26 Slavyansk A 7415/3 7455 7062/27 Sovyevka -I- 5374 Kapitalno-Budyanovka 0 1045 Debal tzevo 0 1017 7062/28 Stutena A 7414/5 A 7414 7414/5b Dtmitrova D 1028 Karakas -I- 6013 A 7256/2 7256/11 7414/6 7414/5s Tzerkov Donsk A 7280/4 7256/14 7414/6r + 2886 7414/9 Vlsokiy -I- 5667 A 7417/9 Druzhkovo 3006 A 7217/8 Karakupski-Stroy A 7280/20 7414/15 7417/8 7414/20 Zhaporoshye -I- 8149 0 1087 Katik A 7280/10 7414/38 Dzherdzhinsk -I- 6028 1501 Kolobovka + 6009 A 7144/3 7414/46 _ Engelsh 0 1209 7144/5 7414/B 1502 7144/5a 7414/S A 7100 Gorlovka + 1242 A 7472 Kobelyaki + 3780 Kadyevka 0 1205 7100/1 + 6027 7472/2 Krasnograd A 7401/3 7472/3 1224 7417/3 7100/2 7472/4 Krivoy-Rog 1319 7100/3 2021 0 7472/7 7100/4 1403 7472/13 A 7144/20 _ 7100/5 . 7472/22 7144/21 1405 7100/6 7242/1 7144/25 1407 7100/7 - 7242/2 7100/8 1411 7242/3 Kontanstinovka A 7217/5 7417/6 7242/4 721541 110 111 7242 Krasniy-Lucb + 5925 A 7256/3 7471/2 7280/45 7256 7471/4 Sverlovka 7470 7242/6 7471/5 7242/13 7256/6 7470/1 747117 7473 7256/8 7470/2 7471/8 7256/9 7470/3 7473/1 7471/9 , 7256112 7470/4 7473/2 7471,10 7256115 7470/5 7473/3 7471/11 7256/16 7470/6 7473/4 7471/12 7256/19 7470/7 7280 7256/20 7471/13 7471114 7280/1 7256/21 1021 Stalin() + 2829 0 7280/2 Irrarnatorskaya A 7217 7471/15 7471/17 8987 1024 7280/3 7217/1 7280/15a 7280/4a 1025 7217/2 7280/5 7217/3 k4ariyupol A 7280/16 1034 7280/6 7217/4 7218/19 7280/7 1035 7217/6 7280/26 7280/11a 7217/9 7280/30 1040 7280/13 7217/18 7280/14 A4ushkelova 0 1055 1046 7217/A 7280/17 1047 7217/B Novly-Donbas 0 1026 7218/21 72171C 1051 7280/22 Noviy ICazban A 286 7217/13 1059 7280/23 7217/K Novo-lColobovka A 7144/4 7280/24 7217/N4 1063 7280/25 Pakurnuno + 5929 A 7144159 7217/N 1064 7280/27 7217/0 Pavlovka + 1512 7280/28 1%5 7217/P 7280/31 Petrovka 0 1023 1071 7280/32 Ildyevka A 7280/9 7280/33 Petrovenka 0 7256/13 1072 Ilstchansk 0 1216 A 7256/10 7280/34 1074 7125 Popesnaya A 7125/6 Vorosilovgrad + 1243 0 1201 1222 7125/2 1202 Proletarsk A 7125/4 7125/3 1325 1204 7125/7 Rodovka 0 1029 A 18 7125/8 1210 Roya + 6031 A 7280/18 256/2 Makeyevka -F 3099 0 1000 280 1211 Rubesnaya A 7125/5 1001 . 7125/9 7177 1223 1011 1241 Sergo A 7144/9 717711 1012 7144/11 7177/2 1243 7144,11a 7177/3 2201 1022 7177/5 Sologorovka A 7144/6 1056 7177/6 A 7144 7144/6a 7177/7 A 7471 . 7144/10 7144/15 7177/8 7144/13 7471/1 Sukres 7280/15 7177/12 112 113 7144/18 VoroshIlovsk A 7144/24 7144/I8a 7125/1 7144/181 V 4rhnly A 7144/22 7125/1. 7144/23 ZhelanI 7280/12 7144/A A 7144/F Zhukurika -1- 6047 7144/P 7449 Yama A 7217/10 7494/1 Yenaklevo 0 1014 7444/2 7444/3 A 7472/1 7444/4 7472/5 7444/5 7472/8 7444/6 7472/8 7944/7 7472118 7444/15 7472/0 XVI. USBEGISTAN. Chama A 26 Pahla-Aral A 29 7387/3 Tashkent A 7386 7386/15 Kashan A 7386/8 7386/29 7386/9 1[1sh11-KIya A 7387 7386/11 114 THE SOVIET CONCENTRATION-, TRANSIENT-, PW-, AND INTERNMENT-CAMPS AND PW-HOSPITALS RENDERED TOPOGRAPHYCALLY. LEGEND: A Austria C Czechoslovakia H Hungary P Poland R Roumania I. Aserbazan IL Estonia M. Byelorussia IV. Fin-Karelia V. Georgia VI. Kazakistan VII. Kirgistan VIII. Latvia 1111 Borders of the Soviet Union IX. Lithuania 8. Ural mountains X. Moldovian Republic 9. Siberia Borders of the Soviet republics XI. Soviet Russia XII. Armenia I. North Russia XIII. Tazikistan = Border of foreign countries 2. District of Leningrad XIV. Turkmenistan 3. District of Moscow XV. Ukraine A PW-camp 4. District of Kaliningrad A. West Ukraine 5. Middle Russia B. Middle Ukraine 0 = Internment camp 6. South Russia C. East Ukraine (Donbasi 7. Krimean peninsula XVI. Usbegistan = PW-hospital