L'absinthe (Artemisia Absinthium

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L'absinthe (Artemisia Absinthium L’Absinthe (Artemisia absinthium L.) : approche ethnobotanique Aminthe Renouf To cite this version: Aminthe Renouf. L’Absinthe (Artemisia absinthium L.) : approche ethnobotanique. Sciences phar- maceutiques. 2019. dumas-02459122 HAL Id: dumas-02459122 https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-02459122 Submitted on 29 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. U.F.R. Santé Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques THESE Pour obtenir le diplôme d’état de Docteur en Pharmacie Préparée au sein de l’Université de Caen Normandie L’Absinthe (Artemisia absinthium L.) : Approche ethnobotanique Présentée par Aminthe RENOUF Soutenue publiquement le lundi 2 décembre 2019 devant le jury composé de Professeur des Universités/ Botanique, Mycologie, Biotechnologies/ U.F.R Santé Monsieur David GARON Président du jury Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Université de Caen Normandie Maitre de Conférences des Universités/ Botanique, Mycologie, Biotechnologies/ Monsieur Jean-Philippe RIOULT U.F.R Santé Faculté des Sciences Directeur de thèse Pharmaceutiques Université de Caen Normandie Maitre de Conférences des Universités/ Pharmacognosie/ U.F.R Santé Faculté des Monsieur Jérôme QUINTIN Examinateur Sciences Pharmaceutiques Université de Caen Normandie Docteur en Pharmacie diplômée de la Madame Alice MAZE Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques de Examinateur Rennes Thèse dirigée par Jean-Philippe RIOULT U.F.R. Santé Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Mise à jour le 10/12/2018 LISTE DES ENSEIGNANTS – CHERCHEURS Directeur de la Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Professeur Michel BOULOUARD Assesseurs Professeur Pascale SCHUMANN-BARD Professeur Anne-Sophie VOISIN-CHIRET Directrice administrative et Directrice administrative adjointe Madame Sarah CHEMTOB Madame Alexandra HOUARD PROFESSEURS DES UNIVERSITES BOULOUARD Michel Physiologie, Pharmacologie BUREAU Ronan Biophysique, Chémoinformatique COLLOT Valérie Pharmacognosie DALLEMAGNE Patrick Chimie médicinale DAUPHIN François Physiologie, Pharmacologie DELEPEE Raphaël Chimie analytique FABIS Frédéric Chimie organique FRERET Thomas Physiologie, Pharmacologie GARON David Botanique, Mycologie, Biotechnologies GAUDUCHON Pascal Eméritat jusqu’au 31/08/2019 Biologie cellulaire GIARD Jean-Christophe Bactériologie, Virologie MALZERT-FREON Aurélie Pharmacie galénique RAULT Sylvain Eméritat jusqu’au 31/08/2019 Chimie thérapeutique ROCHAIS Christophe Chimie organique SCHUMANN-BARD Pascale Physiologie, Pharmacologie SICHEL François Toxicologie SOPKOVA Jana Biophysique, Drug design VOISIN-CHIRET Anne-Sophie Chimie médicinale U.F.R. Santé Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques MAITRES DE CONFERENCES DES UNIVERSITES ANDRE Véronique – HDR Biochimie, Toxicologie BOUET Valentine – HDR Physiologie, Pharmacologie CAILLY Thomas – HDR Chimie bio-inorganique, Chimie organique DENOYELLE Christophe – HDR Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Biochimie, Cancérologie DHALLUIN Anne Bactériologie, Virologie, Immunologie ELDIN de PECOULAS Philippe – HDR Parasitologie, Mycologie médicale GROO Anne-Claire Pharmacie galénique KIEFFER Charline Chimie médicinale KRIEGER Sophie (Praticien hospitalier) Biologie clinique LAPORTE-WOJCIK Catherine Chimie bio-inorganique LEBAILLY Pierre – HDR Santé publique LECHEVREL Mathilde – HDR Toxicologie LEGER Marianne Physiologie, Pharmacologie LEPAILLEUR Alban – HDR Modélisation moléculaire N’DIAYE Monique Parasitologie, Mycologie médicale, Biochimie clinique PAIZANIS Eleni Physiologie, Pharmacologie PEREIRA-ROSENFELD Maria de Fatima Chimie organique et thérapeutique POTTIER Ivannah Chimie et toxicologie analytiques PREVOST Virginie – HDR Chimie analytique, Nutrition, Éducation thérapeutique du patient QUINTIN Jérôme Pharmacognosie RIOULT Jean-Philippe Botanique, Mycologie, Biotechnologies SINCE Marc Chimie analytique VILLEDIEU Marie Biologie et thérapies innovantes des cancers PROFESSEUR AGREGE (PRAG) PRICOT Sophie Anglais U.F.R. Santé Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques PERSONNEL ASSOCIE A TEMPS PARTIEL (PAST) SAINT-LORANT Guillaume Pharmacie clinique SEDILLO Patrick Pharmacie officinale RICHARD Estelle Pharmacie officinale Enseignants titulaires du Diplôme d’État de Docteur en Pharmacie Remerciements Je tiens à remercier chaleureusement et à exprimer toute ma reconnaissance et toute ma gratitude à mon directeur de thèse, Monsieur Jean-Philippe RIOULT, à Monsieur David GARON, président du jury, et à Monsieur QUINTIN examinateur et membre du jury pour leur disponibilité, leur aide et leurs précieux conseils ainsi que pour la qualité de leur enseignement au sein de l’UFR de Sciences Pharmaceutiques de Caen. Un très grand merci également à Madame Alice MAZE d’avoir gentiment accepté d’être examinatrice et membre du jury. Veuillez trouver ici l’expression de mon plus grand respect. Je pense que les remerciements doivent servir à se remémorer les personnes qui, à un moment ou à un autre, ont compté pour moi et qui ont indirectement joué un rôle décisif dans les choix que j’ai pu faire relatifs à mes études et qui m’ont permis d’arriver jusque-là. Et quoi de mieux que de les remercier en préambule d’une thèse marquant justement le point final de ces longues années d’études. Je vais donc procéder chronologiquement et, par ce biais, raconter comment par hasard je suis devenue pharmacien. Je tiens à remercier tout d’abord mes amies de lycée qui en août 2004 lors des 18 ans d’un ami, alors que j’étais inscrite en 1ère année de Droit, m’ont poussée à faire Pharmacie. Je tiens ensuite à remercier mes nouveaux amis cherbourgeois qui m’ont poussée, au bout d’un mois, à continuer Pharmacie alors que je n’étais pas sûre de mon choix. Je tiens également à remercier Julien, mon compagnon de l’époque qui a partagé mes moments de doute lors de mes premières années de pharmacie et qui m’a épaulée durant plus de 4 années. Bien évidemment, je remercie Jean avec qui j’ai partagé ensuite plus de 7 ans de ma vie, qui m’a poussée, encouragée, accompagnée pour la fin de mes études, qui m’a soutenue et réconfortée durant mes stages nombreux et pas toujours simples et faciles, en officine notamment… et qui m’a vue commencer ma thèse et surtout m’arracher les cheveux sur des publications en anglais. Merci à lui. Merci à ma mère qui, durant son arrêt de travail pour une fracture du poignet, m’a acheté plein de livres très intéressants sur l’Absinthe dont je me suis beaucoup servie pour la rédaction de cette thèse. Merci à mes parents d’avoir été présents tout simplement, de m’avoir encouragée et soutenue durant toutes mes études, et d’avoir attendu patiemment ce jour depuis maintenant plusieurs années. Merci à Arthur, mon compagnon, de m’avoir encouragée et aidée sur les dernières finitions de la rédaction du manuscrit et sur la préparation de l’oral, et surtout un grand merci à lui d’être là pour moi chaque jour. Merci à mes deux chattes d’amour : Crapule et Philae qui ont passé beaucoup de temps, blotties contre mon ordinateur et contre moi pendant la rédaction de ma thèse et qui, grâce à leur ronronnement, ont su m’aider à me concentrer. Merci à la musique Jazz pour les longues heures d’écoute apaisante durant l’élaboration et la rédaction de ma thèse. Pour paraphraser un de mes confrères dans son préambule de thèse, je ne remercie pas en revanche : les réseaux sociaux et la télévision qui m’ont très souvent détournée du droit chemin. Et pour finir un grand merci à tous mes amis, tous mes proches sans qui je n’en serais probablement pas là aujourd’hui et qui ont toujours répondu présents dans les moments de joies comme dans les coups durs. Ils se reconnaitront… Merci à vous. Sommaire Liste des abréviations ............................................................................................... 11 Liste des figures ....................................................................................................... 12 Liste des tableaux ..................................................................................................... 17 Introduction .................................................................................. 19 Artemisia absinthium L. ............................................................... 20 2.1. Origine étymologique du nom .................................................................. 20 2.2. La plante .................................................................................................. 24 2.2.1. Classification phylogénétique des angiospermes III ............................ 25 2.2.2. Description botanique ......................................................................... 25 2.2.3. Climat, habitat ..................................................................................... 27 2.2.4. Culture et récolte ................................................................................. 29 2.3. Une plante utilisée depuis la nuit des temps ........................................... 33 2.3.1. Babylone ............................................................................................. 33 2.3.2. L’Égypte antique .................................................................................
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