L'absinthe (Artemisia Absinthium
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One for All - Artemisia Absinthium (Afsanteen) “A Potent Unani Drug”
Review article One for All - Artemisia absinthium (Afsanteen) “A Potent Unani Drug” Ayshah Hashimi1, Mantasha Binth Siraj2, Yasmeen Ahmed3, Md. Akhtar Siddiqui4, Umar Jahangir5* 1,2,3 M.D. Scholar, 4 Professor, 5 Assistant Professor Department of Moalajat, School of Unani Medical Education and Research Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India ABSTRACT The therapeutic use of the wormwood plant Artemisia absinthium L. dates back to at least Roman times. There are more than 200 plants in the genus Artemisia- including southern wormwood, petite wormwood and Grande wormwood and encompasses about 500 species. The best-known species of wormwood is Artemisia absinthium, native to temperate Eurasia and North Africa and is branded for its extreme bitterness. It is a magical greens booze used as carminative to support healthy appetite, balances healthy flora, cleanse the digestive tract of parasite and toxins. It possesses anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, anti-helminthic and anti-depressant activity. Thujone excites nervous system when taken in small amount. Due to contrary history of wormwood, its application in individuals should be preceded by a thorough and cautious risk-benefit analysis. In this appraisal an attempt is done to validate scientifically, mentioned therapeutic potential of Artemisia absinthium in classical Unani literature using PubMed, Science Direct researches. Keywords Afsanteen, Wormwood, Thujone, Unani, Hepatoprotective INTRODUCTION largest and highly advanced family with approximately 1528 (Mukherjee, 2006), (TYROCITY, 2018) or 1620 (Petruzzello, Healing with medicinal plants is as old as mankind itself. 2018), (Panero, et al., 2012) genera and 22750 or 23600 Since prehistoric times, in quest for rescue for their disease, the species of herbs, shrubs and trees. -
Variability of Thujone Content in Essential Oil Due to Plant Development and Organs from Artemisia Absinthium L
Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality 92, 100 - 105 (2019), DOI:10.5073/JABFQ.2019.092.014 Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Szent István University, Budapest, Hungary Variability of thujone content in essential oil due to plant development and organs from Artemisia absinthium L. and Salvia officinalis L. Huong Thi Nguyen*, Péter Radácsi, Péter Rajhárt, Éva Zámboriné Németh (Submitted: March 4, 2019; Accepted: March 22, 2019) Summary 5.0 mg thujone/day/person for a maximum duration of use of 2 weeks (EMA/HMPC, 2008b). The study compared changes in essential oil content and its thujone Although both α- and β-thujones are also found naturally in con- ratio in two popular herbs (Artemisia absinthium L. and Salvia offi- siderable concentrations in other essential oils (EO) such as tansy cinalis L.), pertaining to plant development and plant organs. Both (Tanacetum vulgare), white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis), and other species were harvested in 2018 at the vegetative, floral budding, Artemisia and Achillea species (PELKONEN et al., 2013), the above flowering and after flowering phases; flowers and leaves were sam- mentioned A. absinthium and S. officinalis species are the most cha- pled separately. The essential content is always higher in the flowers racteristic ones as well as being found in numerous preparations fre- than in the leaves at the same phenophase in both species we exa- quently used by consumers. mined. Decreased essential oil content in both organs during the The mean concentration of α- and β-thujones in A. absinthium oils developmental phases was also common to both species. In S. -
Wormwood (Artemisia Absinthium L.) – a Curious Plant with Both
Manuscript Click here to view linked References 1 2 3 4 1 Letter to the Editor 5 6 7 8 2 Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) – a curious plant with both 9 10 11 12 3 neurotoxic and neuroprotective properties? 13 14 15 4 16 17 5 Re: "Neuroprotective effect of Artemisia absinthium L. on focal ischemia and 18 19 20 6 reperfusion-induced cerebral injury" by Bora and Sharma (J. Ethnopharmacol 2010;in press) 21 22 7 23 24 8 Dirk W. Lachenmeier* 25 26 27 9 Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe 28 2910 Weissenburger Strasse 3 30 3111 D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany 32 3312 34 35 3613 * Corresponding author. 37 3814 Tel.: +49-721-926-5434; fax: +49-721-926-5539. 39 4015 E-mail address: [email protected] (D.W. Lachenmeier) 41 4216 43 44 45 4617 47 48 49 5018 51 52 53 5419 55 56 5720 Conflicts of Interest: None declared. 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 65 1 2 321 Abstract 4 5 622 The medical use of the wormwood plant Artemisia absinthium L. dates back to at least Roman times, 7 8 923 while during the last century this tradition was seemingly on the decline due to fears of absinthism, a 10 1124 syndrome allegedly caused by the wormwood-flavoured spirit absinthe and more specifically as a result 12 13 1425 of thujone, a monoterpene ketone often present in the essential oil of wormwood. If threshold 15 1626 concentrations are exceeded, thujone does in fact exhibit neurotoxic properties leading to dose- 17 18 1927 dependent tonic-clonic seizures in animals, likely caused by GABA type A receptor modulation. -
The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India
THE AYURVEDIC PHARMACOPOEIA OF INDIA PART- I VOLUME – V GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF HEALTH AND FAMILY WELFARE DEPARTMENT OF AYUSH Contents | Monographs | Abbreviations | Appendices Legal Notices | General Notices Note: This e-Book contains Computer Database generated Monographs which are reproduced from official publication. The order of contents under the sections of Synonyms, Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka, Karma, Formulations, Therapeutic uses may be shuffled, but the contents are same from the original source. However, in case of doubt, the user is advised to refer the official book. i CONTENTS Legal Notices General Notices MONOGRAPHS Page S.No Plant Name Botanical Name No. (as per book) 1 ËMRA HARIDRË (Rhizome) Curcuma amada Roxb. 1 2 ANISÍNA (Fruit) Pimpinella anisum Linn 3 3 A×KOLAH(Leaf) Alangium salviifolium (Linn.f.) Wang 5 4 ËRAGVËDHA(Stem bark) Cassia fistula Linn 8 5 ËSPHOÙË (Root) Vallaris Solanacea Kuntze 10 6 BASTËNTRÌ(Root) Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.)Boj. 12 7 BHURJAH (Stem Bark) Betula utilis D.Don 14 8 CAÛÚË (Root) Angelica Archangelica Linn. 16 9 CORAKAH (Root Sock) Angelica glauca Edgw. 18 10 DARBHA (Root) Imperata cylindrica (Linn) Beauv. 21 11 DHANVAYËSAH (Whole Plant) Fagonia cretica Linn. 23 12 DRAVANTÌ(Seed) Jatropha glandulifera Roxb. 26 13 DUGDHIKË (Whole Plant) Euphorbia prostrata W.Ait 28 14 ELAVËLUKAê (Seed) Prunus avium Linn.f. 31 15 GAÛÚÌRA (Root) Coleus forskohlii Briq. 33 16 GAVEDHUKA (Root) Coix lachryma-jobi LInn 35 17 GHOÛÙË (Fruit) Ziziphus xylopyrus Willd. 37 18 GUNDRËH (Rhizome and Fruit) Typha australis -
(187Ml) 9 Barefoot, Moscato 8 St. Michelle, Riesling 7 Monkey
:LQH &RUGLDO2IIHULQJV White AppleJack BranDy 6 Zonin, Prosecco (187ml) 9 Baileys 6 Barefoot, Moscato 8 Capel Pisco 7 St. Michelle, Riesling 7 Caravella Limoncello 6 Monkey Bay, Sauvignon Blanc 7 Campari 7 Rex Goliath, Pinot Grigio 7 Cynar 7 Canyon RoaD, Chardonnay 9 Di Saronno 7 BV, Chardonnay 7 Drambuie 7 Frangelico 7 Red Fernet Branca 7 Mark West, Pinot Noir 8 Fireball 5 J. Lohr, Merlot 10 GranD Marnier 8 Cline, ZindanDel 7 Jagermeister 6 Red DiamonD, Cabernet Sauvignon 8 Kahlua 6 Don Miguel Gascon, Malbec 8 3LPP¶V 6 Morse Code, Shiraz 8 UndergrounD 6 Yukon Jack 6 :LQH&RFNWDLOV French 75: Aviation, Lemon Juice, Simple Syrup, Prosecco 9 Red Splash: Sauza, Agave Syrup, Lime, Grapefruit, Pinot Noir 9 Autumn Swim: Absolut, Melon Liqueur, Lemon, Simple, Sauv Blanc 9 /LTXHXUVDQG&RUGLDOV 'UDIW%HHU 6HUYHGLQDR],PSHULDO3LQW Liqueurs, or cordials, are a sweet Distilled spirit with sugar contents start- ing at 2.5 percent, with the sweetest going far beyonD that. BuD Light, St. Louis, MO 5 These spirits often begin with a base liquor, which coulD be anything from a neutral grain alcohol to a branDy, whiskey, or rum. Sugar is aDDeD to the Deschutes River Ale, BenD, OR 6 base along with a mix of herbs, fruits anD spices DepenDing on the DesireD Pabst Blue Ribbon, Milwaukee, WI 5 flavor. You will often see liqueurs with a specific flavor profile, such as cu- Shock Top, St. Louis, MO 5 racao (orange) or creme De framboise (raspberry). Other liqueurs are more of a blenD of flavors, like Campari, Drambuie anD Tuaca. -
ABSINTH WORMWOOD: Options for Control
ABSINTH WORMWOOD: Options for control Absinth wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), a class Absinth is also tainted and rejected for use in flour. Allelopa- - C noxious weed in Lincoln County, Washington is a peren- thy has been demonstrated in Absinth wormwood. Volatile nial forb which is easily recognized by its strong sage odor. emissions from the leaves of absinth completely prevented Absinth wormwood is a member of the composite family. The germination in wheat (Triticum triticale). plant also is known as American or common Absinth wormwood is a prolific seed producer but wormwood, mugwort or madderwort, and worm- also can spread by short roots. The plant is most wood sage. The young flower heads are the source of aromatic oil used in preparation of vermouth often found on dry soils, in overgrazed pasture and and absinth. Absinth wormwood oil is pure poi- rangeland, wastelands, and roadsides. Absinth is son, and should only be used externally. commonly 3 feet tall at maturity but can grow over 5 “Absinthium” means “without sweetness” and this feet tall. The plant is woody at the base and re-grows is truly a bitter plant. The unpleasantly pungent from the soil level each spring. Leaves are light to fragrance and the extremely bitter taste of the foli- olive green in color, 2 to 5 inches long, and divided age serve to remind that absinth is poisonous! Do two or three times into deeply lobed leaflets. Leaves not ingest any part of this toxic plant. The leaves and stems are covered with fine silky hairs that give of Absinth can be rubbed on the skin for an effec- the plant a grayish appearance. -
Parasiticides: Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Moxidectin Livestock
Parasiticides: Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Moxidectin Livestock 1 Identification of Petitioned Substance* 2 3 Chemical Names: 48 Ivermectin: Heart Guard, Sklice, Stomectol, 4 Moxidectin:(1'R,2R,4Z,4'S,5S,6S,8'R,10'E,13'R,14'E 49 Ivomec, Mectizan, Ivexterm, Scabo 6 5 ,16'E,20'R,21'R,24'S)-21',24'-Dihydroxy-4 50 Thiabendazole: Mintezol, Tresaderm, Arbotect 6 (methoxyimino)-5,11',13',22'-tetramethyl-6-[(2E)- 51 Albendazole: Albenza 7 4-methyl-2-penten-2-yl]-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2'H- 52 Levamisole: Ergamisol 8 spiro[pyran-2,6'-[3,7,1 9]trioxatetracyclo 53 Morantel tartrate: Rumatel 9 [15.6.1.14,8.020,24] pentacosa[10,14,16,22] tetraen]- 54 Pyrantel: Banminth, Antiminth, Cobantril 10 2'-one; (2aE, 4E,5’R,6R,6’S,8E,11R,13S,- 55 Doramectin: Dectomax 11 15S,17aR,20R,20aR,20bS)-6’-[(E)-1,2-Dimethyl-1- 56 Eprinomectin: Ivomec, Longrange 12 butenyl]-5’,6,6’,7,10,11,14,15,17a,20,20a,20b- 57 Piperazine: Wazine, Pig Wormer 13 dodecahydro-20,20b-dihydroxy-5’6,8,19-tetra- 58 14 methylspiro[11,15-methano-2H,13H,17H- CAS Numbers: 113507-06-5; 15 furo[4,3,2-pq][2,6]benzodioxacylooctadecin-13,2’- Moxidectin: 16 [2H]pyrano]-4’,17(3’H)-dione,4’-(E)-(O- Fenbendazole: 43210-67-9; 70288-86-7 17 methyloxime) Ivermectin: 59 Thiabendazole: 148-79-8 18 Fenbendazole: methyl N-(6-phenylsulfanyl-1H- 60 Albendazole: 54965-21-8 19 benzimidazol-2-yl) carbamate 61 Levamisole: 14769-72-4 20 Ivermectin: 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a +22,23- 21 dihydroavermectin B1b 62 Morantel tartrate: 26155-31-7 63 Pyrantel: 22204-24-6 22 Thiabendazole: 4-(1H-1,3-benzodiazol-2-yl)-1,3- 23 thiazole -
Rapid Determination of Total Thujone in Absinthe Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Spectroscopy Volume 2011, Article ID 171684, 5 pages doi:10.1155/2011/171684 Research Article Rapid Determination of Total Thujone in Absinthe Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy Yulia B. Monakhova, 1, 2 Thomas Kuballa,1 and Dirk W. Lachenmeier1 1 Chemisches und Veterinaruntersuchungsamt¨ (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, 76187 Karlsruhe, Germany 2 Department of Chemistry, Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya Street 83, Saratov 410012, Russia Correspondence should be addressed to Dirk W. Lachenmeier, [email protected] Received 31 May 2011; Revised 11 July 2011; Accepted 19 July 2011 Academic Editor: Karol Jackowski Copyright © 2011 Yulia B. Monakhova et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 1H NMR spectroscopy is utilized to quantify total thujone (sum of α-andβ-isomers) in absinthe. For sample preparation, a simple dilution with buffer is required. Thujone produces a distinct peak of the CH2 group in the cyclopentanone moiety in the 2.13– 2.11 ppm range. No overlap with other typical constituents such as anethole or fenchone occurs. The detection limit of 0.3 mg/L is adequate to control the EU maximum limit. The relative standard deviation was 6%, and linearity was observed from 1 to 100 mg/L. Applicability was proven by analysis of 69 authentic absinthes. The correlation between NMR and our previous method consisting of liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC/MS was significant (P<0.0001, R = 0.93). The simple and cheap NMR method can be used for rapid screening of absinthes for total thujone content while chromatographic techniques are recommended for more specific (α-andβ-thujone isomers) analysis if required. -
Mountain Gardens Full Plant List 2016
MOUNTAIN GARDENS BARE ROOT PLANT SALES WWW.MOUNTAINGARDENSHERBS.COM Here is our expanded list of bare root plants. Prices are $4-$5 as indicated. Note that some are only available in spring or summer, as indicated; otherwise they are available all seasons. No price listed = not available this year. We begin responding to requests in April and plants are generally shipped in May and June, though inquiries are welcome throughout the growing season. We ship early in the week by Priority Mail. For most orders, except very large or very small, we use flat rate boxes @$25 per shipment. Some species will sell out – please list substitutes, or we will refund via Paypal or a check. TO ORDER, email name/number of plants wanted & your address to [email protected] Payment: Through Paypal, using [email protected]. If you prefer, you can mail your order with a check (made out to ‘Joe Hollis’) to 546 Shuford Cr. Rd., Burnsville, NC 28714. Or you can pick up your plants at the nursery (please send your order and payment with requested pick-up date in advance). * Shipping & handling: 25$ flat rate on all but very small or very large orders – will verify via email. MOUNTAIN GARDENS PLANT LIST *No price listed = not available this year. LATIN NAME COMMON NAME BARE USE/CATEGORY ROOT Edible, Medicinal, etc. Achillea millefolium Yarrow $4.00 Medicinal Aconitum napellus Monkshood, Chinese, fu zi ChinMed, Ornamental Acorus calamus Calamus, sweet flag Med Acorus gramineus shi chang pu 4 ChinMed Actaea racemosa Black Cohosh 4 Native Med Aegopodium podograria -
Sélection De Lignées D'artemisia Absinthium L. Adaptées À La
Plantes aromatiques et médicinales Sélection de lignées d’Artemisia absinthium L. adaptées à la fabrication d’une absinthe typée Annabelle BERTHET1, Ambra MARCOLLI1, Benoit BACH2, Pierrick REBENAQUE2 et Nicolas DELABAYS1 1 Institut Terre Nature Environnement (inTNE), HEPIA, HES-SO/Genève, 1254 Jussy, Suisse 2 Haute école de viticulture et œnologie, Changins, 1260 Nyon, Suisse Renseignements: Annabelle Berthet, tél. +41 22 546 68 47, e-mail: [email protected], www.hesge.ch/hepia Champ de grande absinthe, Artemisia absinthium, au Mont-de-Travers (NE). Introduction fabrication et la commercialisation de l’absinthe, mais uniquement pour un usage personnel. La tradition La grande absinthe, Artemisia absinthium L., espèce clandestine ainsi que la forte variabilité de la composi- de la famille des Astéracées, est une herbacée vivace tion chimique des plantes produites au Val-de-Travers originaire du bassin méditerranéen (Lamarti et al. poussent de nombreuses distilleries à utiliser des 1996). En Suisse, elle pousse principalement dans les plantes importées. Pourtant, des caractéristiques sen- Alpes et au sud du pays. Espèce médicinale (Anonyme sorielles spécifiques – bien qu’encore peu décrites – 2017), elle est utilisée depuis deux siècles, en associa- sont recherchées chez A. absinthium, principalement tion avec d’autres plantes, pour l’élaboration du spiri- l’amertume et des arômes typiques. La sélection de tueux nommé «absinthe», originaire du Val-de-Travers plantes avec un profil chimique assurant ces qualités (NE). Sa distillation fut interdite entre 1908 et 2005 à organoleptiques, mais présentant parallèlement un cause de la présence de thuyone, une molécule jugée taux de thuyone réduit et stable, est un enjeu impor- à l’époque responsable de crises de folie meurtrières tant en vue de la production d’une absinthe typique, (Luauté et al. -
Growing Herbs for the Home Gardener
Department of Horticultural Science Horticulture Information Leaflet 8110 2/98 GROWING HERBS FOR THE HOME GARDENER Erv Evans, Extension Associate, Horticultural Science Jeanine Davis, Extension Specialist, Horticultural Science An herb is any plant used whole or in part as • Plant herbs in average garden soil with an ingredient for health, flavor, or fragrance. organic matter added to improve texture Herbs can be used to make teas; perk up and drainage. cooked foods such as meats, vegetables, • Choose a site that receives at least 6 sauces, and soups; or to add flavor to hours of direct sun each day. vinegars, butters, dips, or mustards. Many herbs are grown for their fragrance and are • Avoid ground where water stands or used in potpourris, sachets, and nosegays; runs during heavy rains. or to scent bath water, candles, oils, or • Compensate for poor drainage with raised perfumes. More than 25% of our modern beds amended with compost. drugs contain plant extracts as active ingredients, and researchers continue to • Apply balanced fertilizers sparingly to isolate valuable new medicines from plants leafy, fast growing herbs. Heavy and confirm the benefits of those used in applications of fertilizer, especially those traditional folk medicine. containing large amounts of nitrogen, will decrease the concentration of essential Herbs as a group are relatively easy to grow. oils in the lush green growth. Begin your herb garden with the herbs you enjoy using the most. For example, choose Plan your herb garden by grouping herbs basil, oregano, and fennel for Italian cooking; according to light, irrigation, and soil lavender and lemon verbena for making requirements. -
Absinthe, Absinthism and Thujone – New Insight Into the Spirit's Impact on Public Health
32 The Open Addiction Journal, 2010, 3, 32-38 Open Access Absinthe, Absinthism and Thujone – New Insight into the Spirit's Impact on Public Health Dirk W. Lachenmeier*,1, David Nathan-Maister2, Theodore A. Breaux3, Jean-Pierre Luauté4 and Joachim Emmert5 1Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt (CVUA) Karlsruhe, Weissenburger Strasse 3, D-76187 Karlsruhe, Germany 2Oxygenee Ltd, P.O. Box 340, Burgess Hill, RH15 5AP, UK 3Jade Liqueurs, L.L.C., 3588 Brookfield Rd, Birmingham, Alabama, 35226, USA 425 Rue de la République, 26100 Romans, France 5Perreystrasse 34, D-68219 Mannheim, Germany Abstract: Absinthe, a strong alcoholic aperitif, is notorious for containing the compound ‘thujone’, which has been commonly regarded as its ‘active ingredient’. It has been widely theorized that the thujone content of vintage absinthe made it harmful to public health, and caused the distinct syndrome absinthism, which was extensively described in the literature prior to the spirit’s ban in 1915. The interdisciplinary research presented in this paper shows that 1) absinthism cannot be distinguished from common alcoholism in the medical research literature of the time, and that 2) due to the physical chemistry of the distillation process, the thujone content of vintage absinthe was considerably lower than previously estimated and corresponds to levels generally recognized as safe, as proven by analyses of absinthes from the pre-ban era. Due to the re-legalization of absinthe in the European Union and more recently in the United States, potential public health concerns have re-emerged, not expressly based on worries about thujone content or absinthism, but on alcohol-related harm and youth protection issues, exacerbated by marketing strategies promoting absinthe using false and discredited claims pertaining to thujone and stubbornly persistant myths.