THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND FBOM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES THE SECOND. THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY. LEIPZIG BERNHARD TAUOHNITZ 1849 . |1848] Digitized 6y Google CONTENTS OF THE SECOND VOLUME. CHAPTER TV. FACE Dhath of Charles the Second . 1 ' Suspicions of Poison ........ 1 13 Speech of James the Second to Ihe Privy Council ! . Tijj James proclaimed . jfl State of the Administration ........ 18 Wew Arrangements .......... 19 Sir (ieorge Jeffreys ......... I 12 The Revenue collected without an Act of Parliament ... 26 A Parliament called ; Transactions between James and the French~ fting » » » § , » « 1 . 28 Feelings of the Continental Governments towards ! ] 35 England ~ Policy of the Court ol Rome I i ^ ; 37 Stiuggle in the Mind of James . 00 P ublic Celebration of the Roman Catholjg Rites in the PaU ce 43 His Coronation Enthusiasm of the Tories’ Addresses ...... 47 The Elections aa Proceedings against Oates ........ S3 Proceedings against Dangerfleld ....... 59 Proceedings against Baiter ........ 01 Meeting of the Parliament of Scotland ...... 65 Feeling of James towards the Puriuns ...... 67 Cruel Treatment of the Scotch Covenanters ..... Gft Digitized by Google VI CONTENTS. PACK William Penn 1« Peculiar Favour shown to Roman Catholics and Quakers 19 Meeting of the English Parliament .... • • • 81 Trevor chosen Speaker: Character of Seymour • • • 82 The King’s Speech to the Parliament • • • 84 Debate in the Commons: Speech of Seymour 85 The Revenue voted: Proceedings of the Commons concerning Religion . 81 Additional Taxes voted; Sir Dudley North • • • 88 Proceedings of the Lords • • • 91 Bill for reversing the Attainder of SlaiTord • • • 92 Whig Refugees on the Continent • • 94 Their Correspondents in England . • • 95 - Characters of the Leading Refugees; Ayloffe • • • 90 •** Wade; Goodenougb '• 91 - Rnmhold ........ 98 99 - Monmouth too — Ferguson 101 Scotch Refugees: Earl of Argvle . • • 106 -- Sir Patrick Hume; Sir John Cochrane; Fletcher of Saltoun ito Unreasonable Conduct of the Scotch Refugees • • 111 Arrangements for an Attempt on England and Scotland 112 — John Locke 115 Preparations made by the Government for the Defence of Scot- land ; Conversation of James with the Dutch Ambassadors lie Ineffectual Attempts of the Prince of Orange and of the Stales General to prevent Argyle from sailing .... in Departure of Argyle from Holland 119 He lands in Scotland 120 llis Disputes with bis Followers 121 Temper of the Scotch Nation 123 Argote's Forces dispersed 127 Argyle a Prisoner . 128 His Execution ..»••• 134 Execution of Rumbold 135 Digitized by Google CONTENTS, VII PACK 137 Death of Ayloffe ...... , , , » . Devastation of Argyleshiro . , , • • . 135 Ineffectual Attempts to prevent Monmouth from leaving Holland 139 His Arrival at Lyme ......... 14- llis Declaration . , . , . , . , . 143 llis Popularity in the West of England 144 Encounter of the Rebels with the Militia at Bridport ... 146 Encounter of the Rebels with the Militia at Axminster ... 148 News or the Rebellion carried to London; Loyalty of the Parlia - ment . , , . , . , . 149 Reception of Monmouth at Taunton 153 He takes the Title of King 156 His Reception at Bridgewater ........ ICO Preparations of the Government to oppose him .... 161 His Design on Bristol .......... 164 He relinquishes that Design 166 Skirmish at Philip’s Norton 168 Despondency of Monmouth , 169 He returns to Bridgewater no The Royal Army encamps at Sedgemoor lit Battle of Sedgemoor . , . » 115 Pursuit of the Rebels; Military Executions 182 Flight of Monmouth . , , . 183 His Capture 185 Ilis Letter 187 to the King . ......... He is carried to London . i 188 His Interview with the King 189 His Execution 193 His Memory cherished by the Common People .... 191 - - Cruelties of the Soldiers in the West; Kirke 200 Jeffreys sets out on the Western Circuit 205 Trial of Alice Lisle 206 The Bloody Assizes 211 Abraham Holmes . « 214 - Christopher Battiscombe; the Ilcwlings 215 Punishment of Tutchin; Rebels transported 211 Confiscation and Extortion . 219 Rapacity of the Queen and of her Ladies 220 Cases of Grey, Cochrane, and Storey 2*24 Cases of Wade, Goodenough, and Ferguson 225 " Jeffreys made Lord Chancellor . 227 Trial and Execution ol Cornish . 228 Trials and Executions of Fernley and Elizabeth Gaunt . 230 Trial and Execution of Bateman 232 Cruel Persecution of the Protestant Dissenters . s ; 233 Digitized by Google 1 VIII C0NTENT8. PAPE The Power of James at the Height in the Autumn of 1685 . 236 His Foreign Policy 237 His Plans of Domestic Government j the Habeas Corpus Act; ibe Standing Army . ; 238 Designs in favour of the Roman Catholic Religion . « . 210 Violation of the Test Act . 245 Disgrace of Halifax 246 General Discontent » 247 Persecution of the French Huguenots 248 Effect of that Persecution in England ...... 251 Meetingof Parliament; Speech of the King 252 An Opposition formed in the House of Commons .... 253 Sentiments of Foreign Governments . 255 Committee of the Commons on the King’s Speech .... 257 Defeat of the Government . 360 Second Defeat of the Government , , . , . 262 The King reprimands the Commons; Coke committed by the Commons for Disrespect to the King . 263 Opposition to the Government in the Lords; the Earl of Devon- shire , . , , • ! . I • . ; 265 The Bishop of London 266 Viscount Mordaunt . 267 Prorogation 269 Trials of Lord Gerard and of Hampden 270 Trial of Delamere . 2T2 Effect of his Acquittal 21* Parties in the Court 275 • 276 Feeling of the Protestant Tories . ... • Publication of Papers found in the Strong Pox of Charles the Se- cond 278 Feeling of the respectable Roman Catholics . • 21# Cabal of violent Roman Catholics; Castelmaine; Jermyn; White 281 ~ Tyrconnel 282 Feeling of the Ministers of Foreign Governments • • 285 The Pope and the Order of Jesus opposed to each other; the Order of Jesus , « . - « • • : ?# - 294 Father Petre , . , . « ; . ; 2'JS The King’s Temper and Opinions . • > » • 2#1 The King encouraged in his Errors by Sunderland . « » • • • «- * Perfidy of Jeffreys . ; ^ ; 301 Godolpbin; the Queen; Amours of the King ^ ^ Catharine Sedley . 302 Digitized by Google ; CONTENTS, IX F« Intrigues of Rochester in favour of Catharine Sedley Decline of Rochester's Influence • Castelmaine sent to Rome; the Huguenots ill treated by James . The Dispensing Power • . Dismission of refractory Judges Case of Sir Edward Hales Roman Catholics authorised to hold Ecclesiastical Benefices; Sclater; Walker . The Deanery of Christchurch given to a Roman Catholic . Disposal ol Bishoprics . « . Resolution of James to use his Ecclesiastical Supremacy against the Church ; his Difficulties . He creates a new Court of High Commission Proceedings against the Bishop of London Discontent excited by the public Display of Roman Catholic Riles and Vestments Riots ..... A Camp formed at Hounslow Samuel Johnson Hugh Speke Proceedings against Johnson" Zeal of the Anglican Clergy against Popery Controversial Writings . The Roman Catholic Divines overmatched 1 A a • Queensberry; Perth; Melfort: their At>ostasy Favour sfiown lo the Roman Catholic fi eligion in Scotland Anger of the King . t . His Plans concerning Scotland; Deputation of Scotch Privy Coun- cillors sent Lo London Their Negotiations with the King; Meeting of the Scotch Estates they prove refractory They are adjourned ; arbitrary System of Government in Scotland Ireland; state of the Law on the Subject of Religion Hostility of Races The aboriginal Peasantry The aboriginal Aristocracy State of the English Colony . Course which James ought to have followed His Errors Clarendon arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant; his Mortifica- tions Panic among the Colonists . Arrival of Tyrcounel at Dublin as General; his Partiality and Violence He Is bent on the Repeal of the Aot of Settlement . « Digitized by Google X CONTENTS. PtCK with Clarendon 318 tie returns to England; the King displeased —3M Rochester attacked by the Jesuitical Cabal . • • —3W of James to convert Rochester .... Attempts 386 • * * of Rochester . « • » Dismission 388 Clarendon; Tyrconnel Lord Deputy • Dismission of 898 of the English Colonists in Ireland . • • Dismay 392 Effect of the fall of the Hydes Digitized by Google HISTORY OF ENGLAND. CHAPTER IV. The death of King Charles the Second took the nation by coap. surprise. His frame was naturally strong, and did not appear ~ De>lh ot to have suffered from excess. He had always been mindful of Ch»ri«t his health even in his pleasures; and his habits were such as promise a long life and a robust old age. Indolent as he was on all occasions which required tension of the mind, he was active and persevering in bodily exercise. He had, when young, been renowned as a tennis player *, and was, even in the decline of life, an indefatigable walker. His ordinary pace was such that those who were admitted to the honour of his society found it difficult to keep up with him. He rose early, and generally passed three or four hours a day in the open air. He might be seen, before the dew was off the grass in St. James’s Park, striding among the trees, playing with his spaniels, and flinging corn to his ducks; and these exhi- bitions endeared him to the common people, who always love to see the great unbend.** At length, towards the close of the year 1684, he was pre- vented, by a slight attack of what was supposed to be gout, from rambling as usual. He now spent his mornings in his laboratory, where he amused himself with experiments on the * Pepys’s Diary, Dec. 28. 1663, Sept. 2. 1667. *• Burnet, i 606. 462. ; Spectator, No. ; Lords’ Journals, Oct. 28. 1678; Cibber’s Apology. Macaulay, History. II. } Digitized by Google 2 HI8T0RT OF ENGLAND. chap- properties of mercury. His temper seemed to have suffered — from confinement. He had no apparent cause for disquiet. His kingdom was tranquil: he was not in pressing want of money : his power was greater than it had ever been : the party which had long thwarted him had been beaten down ; but the cheerfulness which had supported him against adverse fortune had vanished in this season of prosperity. A trifle now suf- ficed to depress those elastic spirits which had borne up against defeat, exile, and penury.