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Research Article z Available online at http://www.journalcra.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 9, Issue, 12, pp.63631-63634, December, 2017 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN IN CITY SQUARES "YALOVA CUMHURIYET SQUARE IN TURKEY" 1Ömer Lütfü Çorbacı and 2, *Murat Ertekin 1Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Faculty of Fine Arts, Design and Architecture, Rize, Turkey 2Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Fine Arts, Konya, Turkey ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: In terms of the settlement character of Yalova, there are significant population differences between Received 09th September, 2017 summer and winter due to the intensive use by people from Istanbul and Bursa metropolises, and its Received in revised form population considerably increases during summer. Transportation to these important metropolises in 23rd October, 2017 the immediate vicinity is achieved rapidly by sea buses. It is subject to the use of potential population Accepted 20th November, 2017 on a daily basis due to transportation facilities and recreational opportunities. By the new zoning plan, Published online 31st December, 2017 no changes were made to the building density, however, decisions are taken about the traffic scheme, parking lots and stop usage, and the area to be used as the city center, which form a basis for the urban Key words: design works. The project area includes Yalova province, Yalova square, and its surroundings. The Yalova, subject of this project, Cumhuriyet Square, was formerly used as a parking lot. With the new coastline City Square, landscape planning implemented in Yalova, the need for parking space in Yalova has been partially Multi-purpose use, met. It is decided to re-design this area as a city square, therefore, this project has been prepared and Environmental Design. submitted to the executing institution. Copyright © 2017, Ömer Lütfü Çorbacı and Murat Ertekin. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Ömer Lütfü Çorbacı and Murat Ertekin, 2017. “Environmental design in city squares "Yalova cumhuriyet square in Turkey"”, International Journal of Current Research, 9, (12), 63631-63634. INTRODUCTION For this reason, unique symbols of the city are seen in the areas used as squares (Demirel, 2008). These unique symbols can The word square is used for wide, plain, and open areas. These either be the religious buildings of the citizens or the kinds of areas are usually caused by different reasons in architectural works which are reminiscent of important events cities.Since ancient times, squares are the urban spots where in history.In general, open green areas exist in the immediate people get together. Unlike other shopping centers in the city, vicinity of these architectural works or historical objects. these areas have a democratic structure (Semerci 2008). These areas are important for people in terms of relaxation, Besides, squares host activities that bring people together in entertainment, and getting together. urban life as the most important means of communication and social interaction (Alexander, 1977, Semerci 2008). Urban General settlement characteristics of yalova and planning and design are significant tools for building livable description of the project area urban environments. Urban squares are at the top of the important places in urban design. City squares are important Yalova is located in the northwest of Turkey and the southeast due to the facilities they offer in limited spaces and their ability of Marmara Region. Yalova lies between 39-40º North latitude to provide different designs. Squares have an important role in and 29-61º East longitude, and its height from the sea is 2 the continuity and development of social life. People living in meters, whereas its highest point is 926 meters. It covers an cities need squares for social, cultural, political, and area of 839 square kilometers and 0.11% of the country's commercial purposes.For this reason, squares serve as an surface area.Yalova is the smallest province of Turkey in terms identity that reflects the manner of cities and their of surface area, however, it is one of the touristic cities with inhabitants.Squares are the first of the common spaces where the longest coastline (105 km). 82% of the total surface area of people who share a common life in the city come together. In Yalova (847.000 ha) consists of agricultural land (221.730 ha), this respect, the squares survive with the city and are protected forest area (468.090 ha), and meadow-pasture land (7.944 by the citizens. Therefore, they have both historical memories ha).Scrub bush and forests constitute the vegetation of the city and historical artifacts.As an urban space, the square is a part (Figure 1). In terms of the settlement character of Yalova, there of the city in terms of physical, social, cultural, and historical are significant population differences between summer and context. winter due to the intensive use by people from Istanbul and Bursa metropolises, and its population considerably increases *Corresponding author: Murat Ertekin during summer. Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Fine Arts, Konya, Turkey 63632 Ömer Lütfü Çorbacı and Murat Ertekin, Environmental design in city squares "yalova cumhuriyet square in Turkey" The Cumhuriyet Square has been designed to stay alive day and night and its functional diversity has been supported. In this framework, opportunities for all age and interest groups are considered. The buildings in the vicinity of Cumhuriyet Square were designed by considering their harmony with the public space and the front facades of the buildings have been tailored to ensure integration with the outer space. Visual adaptation has created harmony and contrasts and the attraction of the square has been enhanced by Figure 1. Location of Yalova in Turkey designing the art objects in the square as a part of the space. Furthermore, rapid transportation is achieved between these important metropolises and Yalova by means of sea buses. It is subject to potential one-day use of a large population due to these transport facilities and recreational opportunities. The project area covers Yalova province, Yalova square, and its surroundings. By the new zoning plan, no changes were made to the building density, however, decisions are taken about the traffic scheme, parking lots and stop usage, and the area to be used as the city center, which form a basis for the urban design works. Environmental design of the cumhuriyet square Basically, squares, as open space recreation areas, should be accessible, attractive, and service providing. Being accessible is an important feature of squares, which are the most important gathering areas of the city. Accessibility is provided by walkways or public transportation lanes.Besides, the fact that the squares are capable to meet various social needs also demonstrates their functionality. Refreshment, shopping, and entertainment are the among most important facilities.Such Figure 2. The environmental design project of Cumhuriyet places give spirit to the squares and extend the useful life of Square in Yalova, Turkey them over the year. The squares are places where you feel the heartbeat and pulse of the community. Therefore, the Yalova is a center of attraction for people living in Yalova and characteristic features of the squares are not only physical nearby cities with its coastline and natural beauties. The features such as size, shape, and occupancy but also historical presence of sea transportation between Yalova and a traces and memories.Thus, the square of a city reflects its metropolitan city like Istanbul, makes for its use as a resting culture, history, religious structure and consequently its place, especially on weekends. The fact that Yalova is also identity. It can also give information about the social and tempting to live permanently due to these attributes and that economic conditions of the people living in that city (Semerci, Cumhuriyet Square plays an important role in this aspect has 2008). In addition to physical characteristics such as also become the principles that guided this design. Yalova architecture and aesthetics, social, cultural, economic, and square is an important socializing and meeting place for political aspects should also be considered in the analysis of Yalova province, which is a holiday spot.In order to be able to city squares.The squares contribute to the quality of urban life use this potential of Yalova Square, a structuring that promotes as long as they qualitatively meet the physical, social, and social and cultural activities in the area has been enabled.In economic expectations of users (Dostoğlu, 2007). The this context, the area is designed on two axes, taking pedestrian Cumhuriyet Square was formerly used as a parking lot. With and vehicle usage into consideration. The axis running parallel the new coastline landscape planning implemented in Yalova, to the sea is planned to arrange the pedestrian traffic and the need for parking space in Yalova has been partially met revitalize social life, whereas the axis extending and it is decided to re-design this area as a city square.In the perpendicularly to the sea is planned to serve as a means of square design project prepared for this purpose (figure 2), the vehicle transportation at certain hours. A lounge for sea buses following points stated by Oktay (2007) have been taken into was also proposed on this axis.The axis running parallel to the consideration. sea is re-planned to encourage the use of pedestrians (figure 3). There are three facts about this planning. These are; set up of The Cumhuriyet Square is physically defined in order commercial units that will support the social utilization of the to create an identity and a sense of space. square, use of urban furnishings and landscape items, and It has been supported by social, cultural, and aesthetic development of collapsed platforms to support social activities.
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