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Ekm(2017)8(2)76-84 Do :10.15318/Fungus.2017.36 04.02.2017 11.07.2017 Research Artcle Macrofungal Diversity of Yalova Province Hakan ALLI*1 , Selime Semra CANDAR1 , Ilgaz AKATA2 1Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Kötekli, Muğla, Turkey 2Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Tandoğan, Ankara, Turkey Abstract: Fungal samples were collected from different localities in the boundaries of Yalova province between 2010 and 2012. As a result of field and laboratory studies, 91 species within the 41 families and 14 orders were identified. 17 of them belong to the division Ascomycota and 74 to Basidiomycota. The species list is given with the informations on localities, habitats, collecting dates and collection numbers. Key words: Macrofungal diversity, Yalova, Marmara region, Turkey. Yalova İlinin Makrofungus Çeşitliliği Öz: Mantar örnekleri 2010 ve 2012 yılları arasında Yalova il sınırları içerisindeki farklı lokalitelerden toplanmıştır. Arazi ve laboratuar çalışmaları sonucunda, 14 ordo ve 41 familya içerisinde yer alan 91 tür tespit edilmiştir. Bunlardan 17'si Ascomycota, 74'ü ise Basidiomycota bölümüne aittir. Tür listesi, lokaliteler, habitatlar, toplama tarihleri ve koleksiyon numaraları ile ilgili bilgilerle birlikte verilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Makrofungus çeşitliliği, Yalova, Marmara Bölgesi, Türkiye. Introduction Koçak, 2016; Doğan and Akata, 2015; Doğan Macrofungi are specific part of kingdom and Kurt, 2016; Dülger and Akata, 2016; Kaya et fungi that include the divisions Ascomycota and al., 2016; Sesli and Topçu Sesli, 2016, 2017; Basidiomycota with large and easily observed Sesli and Vizzini, 2017; Sesli et al., 2016; Öztürk fruiting bodies (Servi et al., 2010). Most of them C. et al., 2017; Öztürk Ö. et al., 2016; Taşkın et are saprobes or mycorrhizal symbionts, but al., 2016; Vizzini et al., 2016; Uzun et al., 2017). some are parasitics on various plants or fungi The taxonomic investigations around the study species. A great deal of taxonomic studies have area are conducted by Akata (2017); Allı et al. been carried out on Turkish macromycota for (2016), Karamanoğlu and Öder (1973), Solak more than 100 years. The number of these and Gücin (1992), but there is not any report of investigations have been increased especially mycological investigation in Yalova province. for the last decade and the collected data were The purpose of this study is to determine presented as checklists by different research the macrofungal diversity of Yalova province and groups (Doğan et al., 2005; Sesli and Denchev, to make a contribution to the mycobiota of 2008). Recently, some new contributions were Turkey. also added to list from different part of Turkey Yalova is a province of Marmara Region, (Acar et al., 2015; Akata, 2017; Akata and on the eastern coast of Marmara sea. The Doğan, 2015; Akata and Uzun, 2017; Akata et province, which is comprised of 6 districts and 58 al., 2015, 2016a;2016b; Akçay and Uzun, 2016; villages, is surrounded by Marmara Sea in the Alkan et al., 2016; Allı et al, 2016; Demirel and north, and the west, Kocaeli province in the east, Corresponding author: [email protected] 76 Ekm(2017)8(2)76-84 Bursa province in the south (Figure 1). It has an are hot and relatively dry, winters are warm and area of 839 km² and its elevation varies from sea rainy. The average annual mean temperature is level to 926 m (Koçyiğit and Özhatay, 2006; 14.3 °C and the maximum average temperature Özdemir and Bahadır, 2007). The area, which is 23.7 o C while the minimum average falls in Euro-Siberian phytogeographical region, temperature is 6.6 oC. The coldest months are is situated in the A2 grid square (Davis, 1965). January and February, the warmest month is The climatic characteristics of the region shows July. The average annual precipitation is 1093.4 transition between the Mediterranean and the mm and the average annual humidity is 76%. Black Sea climates but continental climate Most rainfall is seen in November, December features can be seen in some periods. Summers and January (Url. 1). Figure 1. Map of the research area. The floristic composition of the province is Materials and Methods mainly consist of forest and maquis elements Macrofungi samples were collected in the such as hairy hoary rock-rose, French lavender, boundaries of Yalova province between 2010 hawthorn, mock privet, strawberry tree, laurel and 2012. Necessary morphological and tree, sage-leaved rock-rose, tree heath, thorny ecological characteristics of the samples were broom, beech, oak, hornbeam, chesnut, noted and they were photographed in their cornelian cherry, linden and pine (Koçyiğit and natural habitats. Özhatay, 2006; Anonymus, 2016). 77 Ekm(2017)8(2)76-84 Fungal samples were further examined area, on pine branch, 60 m, 27.12.2012, Candar and micro-structural data were obtained by light 646. microscopy. Some reagents such as distilled Xylariales water, Melzer's reagent, 5% KOH, H2SO4, Cotton Diatrypaceae blue, Congo red etc. were used for microscopic Diatrype disciformis (Hoffm.) Fr.: Yalova centre, investigations. Identification was performed Sugören village, on linden branch, 635 m, according to Breitenbach and Kränzlin 27.12.2011, Candar 311. ( 1 9 8 4 – 2 0 0 0 ) , H a n s e n a n d K n u d s e n Diatrype stigma (Hoffm.) Fr.: Altınova district, (1992–2000), Ryvarden and Gilbertson (1993), Laledere area, on oak branch, 350 m, Pegler et al. (1997), Calonge (1998), Kränzlin 17.07.2012, Candar 477. (2005) and Medardi (2006). Diatrypella quercina (Pers.) Cooke: Yalova centre, Mezarlıktepe area, on oak branch, 542 Results m, 25.04.2012, Candar 379. The species list is given in alphabetical Xylariaceae order with locality, notes on habitat, collection Biscogniauxia nummularia (Bull.) Kuntze: date and fungarium numbers. The systematics Yalova centre, Mezarlıktepe area, on linden of the taxa are presented in accordance with branch, 542 m, 25.04.2012, Candar 373. Cannon and Kirk (2007), Kirk et al. (2008), and Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not.: the Index Fungorum (Url. 2). Termal district, on linden branch, 400 m, Fungi 21.11.2011, Candar 176. Ascomycota Hypoxylon fragiforme (Pers.) J. Kickx f.: Çınarcık Helotiales district, İsmaildere area, on beech stump, 350 m, Helotiaceae 24.04.2012, Candar 356. Hymenoscyphus calyculus (Fr.) W. Phillips: Hypoxylon fuscum (Pers.) Fr.: Yalova centre, Yalova centre, Höyük hill, on linden branch, 600 Güney village, on common hazel branch, 550 m, m, 23.11.2011, Candar 250. 09.05.2012, Candar 399. Pezizales Kretzschmaria deusta (Hoffm.) P.M.D. Martin: Helvellaceae Çınarcık district, İsmaildere area, on beech Helvella acetabulum (L.) Quél.: Yalova centre, stump, 350 m, 24.04.2012, Candar 358. Güney village, mixed forest, 542 m, 25.04.2012, Xylaria hypoxylon (L.) Grev.: Yalova centre, Kurt Candar 375. village, on chestnut stump, 362 m, 25.10.2010, Helvella cupuliformis Dissing & Nannf.: Armutlu Candar 142; Altınova district, Taşköprü area, on district, beech forest, 553 m, 18.09.2012, beech stump, 271 m, 24.11.2011, Candar 259. Candar 515. Xylaria longipes Nitschke: Altınova district, Morchellaceae Laledere area, on linden branch, 600 m, Morchella esculenta (L.) Pers.: Yalova centre, 09.07.2012, Candar 454. Research orchard, pine forest, sea level, Basidiomycota 27.11.2012, Candar 651. Agaricales Pyronemataceae Agaricaceae Scutellinia scutellata (L.) Lambotte: Çınarcık Crucibulum laeve (Huds.) Kambly: Armutlu district, İsmaildere area, on beech stump, 350 m, district, on fern stem, 250 m, 31.10.2012, 24.04.2012, Candar 360. Candar 582. Scutellinia umbrorum (Fr.) Lambotte: Yalova Lycoperdon atropurpureum Vittad.: Yalova centre, Güney village, on linden branch, 692 m, centre, Güney village, in meadow, 42 m, 09.05.2012, Candar 386. 20.06.2011, Candar 119; Altınova district, Sarcoscyphaceae Taşköprü, pine forest, 271 m, 29.11.2011, Pithya vulgaris Fuckel: Yalova centre, Paşakent Candar 274. 78 Ekm(2017)8(2)76-84 Lycoperdon echinatum Pers.: Yalova centre, Mycena crocata (Schrad.) P. Kumm.: Yalova Sugören village, linden forest, 635 m, centre, Kurt village, on chestnut stump, 360 m, 27.12.2011, Candar 630. 24.10.2011, Candar 140; Yalova centre, Höyük Lycoperdon perlatum Pers.: Yalova centre, hill, on beech stump, 600 m, 23.11.2011, Candar Paşakent area, pine forest, 60 m, 23.11.2011, 257. Candar 201; Armutlu district, Mecidiye village, Omphalotaceae pine forest, 250 m, 23.11.2011, Candar 238; Omphalotus olearius (DC.) Singer: Yalova Lycoperdon pyriforme Schaeff.: Yalova centre, centre, Kurt village, on chestnut stump, 360 m, Kurt village, on chestnut stump, 362 m, 24.10.2011, Candar 151; Çınarcık district, 25.10.2010, Candar 150. Hasanbaba area, on oak stump, 30 m, Macrolepiota excoriata (Schaeff.) Wasser: 29.11.2011, Candar 281. Yalova centre, Güney village, in meadow, 42 m, Physalacriaceae 24.10.2011, Candar 114. Armillaria mellea (Vahl) P. Kumm.: Altınova Macrolepiota procera (Scop.) Singer: Yalova district, İstihtam hill, on beech root, 530 m, centre, Güney village, in meadow, 42 m, 24.11.2011, Candar 260; Çınarcık district, 24.10.2011, Candar 115; Termal district, in Hasanbaba area, on oak root, 30 m, 29.11.2011, meadow, 100 m, 21.11.2011, Candar 193. Candar 291. Amanitaceae Mucidula mucida (Schrad.) Pat.: Termal district, Amanita argentea Huijsman: Çınarcık district, on beech stump, 100 m, 21.11.2011, Candar Kent forest, in meadow, 530 m, 18.09.2012, 185. Candar 519. Pleurotaceae Amanita caesarea (Scop.) Pers.: Termal district, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.: Çınarcık mixed forest, 100 m, 21.11.2011, Candar 188. district, Hasanbaba area, on oak stump, 30 m, Amanita pantherina (DC.) Krombh.: Çınarcık 29.11.2011, Candar 301. district, Teşvikiye area, in meadow, 106 m, Psathyrellaceae 05.06.2012, Candar 444. Coprinellus disseminatus (Pers.) J.E. Lange: Fistulinaceae Çınarcık district, Kent forest, on plane stump, Fistulina hepatica (Schaeff.) With.: Çınarcık 530 m, 25.09.2012, Candar 538. district, Hasanbaba area, on oak, 30 m, Coprinopsis picacea (Bull.) Redhead, Vilgalys & 29.11.2011, Candar 294.
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    Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com WSN 91 (2018) 111-129 EISSN 2392-2192 Isolation, characterisation and biological activity of melanin from Exidia nigricans Łukasz Łopusiewicz Center of Bioimmobilisation and Innovative Packaging Materials, Faculty of Food Sciences and Fisheries, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, 35 Janickiego Str., Szczecin 71-270, Poland E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT The aim of present study was isolation and characteriation of raw and purified melanin from Exidia nigricans. Native melanin was isolated from the fresh E. nigricans fruiting bodies by alkaline extraction. Obtained pigment was purifed by acid hydrolysis and washed by organic solvents. Chemical tests, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy analysis were conducted to determine the melanin nature of the isolated pigment. UV-Vis, transmittance and colour properties were evaluated. Antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS and antibacterial activity by a well diffusion method. The results of the study demonstrated that melanins isolated from E. nigricans had antioxidant, light barrier and antibacterial properties. A purified form of melanin offered better light properties and higher antioxidant activity than the raw form. Both melanins inhibited the growth of E. facealis and P. aeruginosa. This study revealed that E. nigricans may be considered as a promising source of natural melanin. Isolated pigments presented all the physical and chemical properties common to natural and synthetic melanins. Raw and purified melanins showed differences in chemical composition, antioxidant activity and light barrier properties. Melanin may play pivotal role in physiology of E. nigricans protecting it against UV radiation and dessication. Keywords: melanin, pigment, Exidia nigricans, antioxidant, light barrier, antimicrobial ( Received 12 December 2017; Accepted 27 December 2017; Date of Publication 28 December 2017 ) World Scientific News 91 (2018) 111-129 1.
  • Pisolithus Arhizus Arhizus Pisolithus 3 De 1 Página 20151205

    Pisolithus Arhizus Arhizus Pisolithus 3 De 1 Página 20151205

    © Demetrio Merino Alcántara [email protected] Condiciones de uso Pisolithus arhizus (Scop.) Rauschert, Z. Pilzk. 25(2): 50 (1959) Sclerodermataceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi = Cauloglossum novozelandicum (Henn.) Lloyd [as 'novo-zelandicum'], Mycol. Writ.(7): 8 (1905) ≡ Lycoperdodes arrhizon (Scop.) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 2: 859 (1891) = Lycoperdodes conglomeratum (Fr.) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 2: 859 (1891) = Lycoperdodes crassipes (DC.) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 2: 859 (1891) = Lycoperdodes tuberosum (P. Micheli ex Fr.) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 2: 859 (1891) = Lycoperdodes turgidum (Fr.) Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 2: 859 (1891) ≡ Lycoperdon arrizon Scop., Delic. Fl. Faun. Insubr. 1: 40 (1786) ≡ Pisocarpium arhizum (Scop.) Link, Mag. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin 8: 44 (1816) [1815] = Pisocarpium clavatum Nees, Syst. Pilze (Würzburg): 138 (1816) [1816-17] = Pisolithus arenarius Alb. & Schwein., Consp. Fung.: 82 (1805) = Pisolithus arenarius Alb. & Schwein., Consp. fung. (Leipzig): 82 (1805) var. arenarius = Pisolithus arenarius var. novozeelandicus Henn. [as 'novo-zeelandica'], Bot. Jb. 18(4 (Beibl. 44)): 37 (1894) = Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, Gasteromycetes E. U.S. Canada (Chapel Hill): 170 (1928) = Pisolithus tinctorius f. clavatus (Nees) Pilát, Fl. ČSR, B-1, Gasteromycetes: 581 (1958) = Pisolithus tinctorius f. conglomeratus (Fr.) Pilát, Fl. ČSR, B-1, Gasteromycetes: 582 (1958) = Pisolithus tinctorius f. olivaceus (Fr.) Pilát, Fl. ČSR, B-1, Gasteromycetes: 582 (1958) = Pisolithus tinctorius f. pisocarpium (Fr.) Pilát, Fl. ČSR, B-1, Gasteromycetes: 581 (1958) = Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch, Gasteromycetes E. U.S. Canada (Chapel Hill): 170 (1928) f. tinctorius = Pisolithus tinctorius f. tuberosus (P. Micheli ex Fr.) Pilát, Fl. ČSR, B-1, Gasteromycetes: 582 (1958) = Pisolithus tinctorius f.
  • The Diversity of Macromycetes in the Territory of Batočina (Serbia)

    The Diversity of Macromycetes in the Territory of Batočina (Serbia)

    Kragujevac J. Sci. 41 (2019) 117-132. UDC 582.284 (497.11) Original scientific paper THE DIVERSITY OF MACROMYCETES IN THE TERRITORY OF BATOČINA (SERBIA) Nevena N. Petrović*, Marijana M. Kosanić and Branislav R. Ranković University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology and Ecology St. Radoje Domanović 12, 34 000 Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia *Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected] (Received March 29th, 2019; Accepted April 30th, 2019) ABSTRACT. The purpose of this paper was discovering the diversity of macromycetes in the territory of Batočina (Serbia). Field studies, which lasted more than a year, revealed the presence of 200 species of macromycetes. The identified species belong to phyla Basidiomycota (191 species) and Ascomycota (9 species). The biggest number of registered species (100 species) was from the order Agaricales. Among the identified species was one strictly protected – Phallus hadriani and seven protected species: Amanita caesarea, Marasmius oreades, Cantharellus cibarius, Craterellus cornucopia- odes, Tuber aestivum, Russula cyanoxantha and R. virescens; also, several rare and endangered species of Serbia. This paper is a contribution to the knowledge of the diversity of macromycetes not only in the territory of Batočina, but in Serbia, in general. Keywords: Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Batočina, the diversity of macromycetes. INTRODUCTION Fungi represent one of the most diverse and widespread group of organisms in terrestrial ecosystems, but, despite that fact, their diversity remains highly unexplored. Until recently it was considered that there are 1.6 million species of fungi, from which only something around 100 000 were described (KIRK et al., 2001), while data from 2017 lists 120000 identified species, which is still a slight number (HAWKSWORTH and LÜCKING, 2017).