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Political Antisemitism in Romania? Hard Data and Its Soft Underbelly Shafir, Michael
www.ssoar.info Political antisemitism in Romania? Hard data and its soft underbelly Shafir, Michael Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Shafir, M. (2012). Political antisemitism in Romania? Hard data and its soft underbelly. Studia Politica: Romanian Political Science Review, 12(4), 557-603. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168-ssoar-445667 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY-NC-ND Lizenz This document is made available under a CC BY-NC-ND Licence (Namensnennung-Nicht-kommerziell-Keine Bearbeitung) zur (Attribution-Non Comercial-NoDerivatives). For more Information Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.de Political Antisemitism in Romania? 557 Political Antisemitism in Romania? Hard Data and its Soft Underbelly MICHAEL SHAFIR As in many other former communist countries of East Central Europe1, antisemitism in Romania resurged almost concomitantly with the demise of the former regime2. Empirical research on antisemitism, however, emerged only considerably later and did not take off as a main focus until the establishment of the National Institute for the Study of the Holocaust in Romania ”Elie Wiesel” (INSHREW) in 2005. This does not imply that the subject of Jews, attitudes to Jews measured by instruments such as stereotypic perceptions and/or ”social distance”, or attitudes toward controversial Romanian historical figures linked to the country’s antisemitic past was not tangentially or even directly tackled on occasion. What lacked until 2005, however, was an effort to systematically (among other instruments, employing a standard questionnaire capable of rendering comparative results) place under focus the phenomenon in its synchronic and diachronic unfolding. -
Collective Memory and National Identity in Post-Communist Romania: Representations of the Communist Past in Romanian News Media and Romanian Politics (1990 - 2009)
COLLECTIVE MEMORY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY IN POST-COMMUNIST ROMANIA: REPRESENTATIONS OF THE COMMUNIST PAST IN ROMANIAN NEWS MEDIA AND ROMANIAN POLITICS (1990 - 2009) A Dissertation Submitted to the Temple University Graduate Board In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by Constanta Alina Hogea May 2014 Examining Committee Members: Carolyn Kitch, Advisory Chair, Journalism Nancy Morris, Media Studies and Production Fabienne Darling-Wolf, Journalism Mihai Coman, External Member, University of Bucharest © Copyright 2014 by Constanta Alina Hogea All Rights Reserved ii ABSTRACT My dissertation situates at the intersection of communication studies and political sciences under the umbrella of the interdisciplinary field of collective memory. Precisely, it focuses on the use of the communist past by political actors to gain power and legitimacy, and on the interplay between news media and politics in shaping a national identity in post-communist Romania. My research includes the analysis of the media representations of two categories of events: the anniversaries of the Romanian Revolution and the political campaigns for presidential/parliamentary elections. On the one hand, the public understanding of the break with communism plays an important role in how the post-communist society is defined. The revolution as a schism between the communist regime and a newborn society acts like a prism through which Romanians understand their communist past, but also the developments the country has taken after it. On the other hand, political communication is operating on the public imaginary of the past, the present and the future. The analysis of the political discourses unfolded in the news media shows how the collective memory of the communist past is used to serve political interests in the discursive struggle for power and legitimacy. -
Raport Rechizitoriu Despre Fratricidul Din 13-15 Iunie 1990
Raport-rechizitoriu despre fratricidul din 13-15 iunie 1990 elaborat sub egida Departamentului pentru analiza crimelor neocomunismului în România din cadrul Asociaţiei 21 Decembrie 1989 - publicat la 11 iunie 2009 - Coordonator: Sorin Ilieşiu „Raportul coordonat de Sorin Ilieşiu se situează în prelungirea logică şi firească a documentului pe baza căruia preşedintele Traian Băsescu a condamnat regimul comunist din România drept ilegitim şi criminal. Cu minuţioasă pasiune, îmbinând obiectivitatea cu o atitudine critică în raport cu samavolniciile, abuzurile, uzurpările şi imposturile specifice regimului de restauraţie de FSN şi simbolizat de Ion Iliescu, acest Raport deschide, o sper din suflet, acea dezbatere naţională fără de care rămânem blocaţi în derizoriul mlăştinos al minciunii.” Vladimir Tismăneanu 13 iunie 2009 1 Mulţumim pe această cale celor care au făcut posibilă elaborarea prezentului raport 2 SUMAR: Pag.7: Introducere Pag.11: Scurtă prezentare a plângerilor şi protestelor împotriva factorilor responsabili pentru evenimentele din 13-15 iunie 1990 Pag.12: Prezentare a dezideratelor anticomuniste ale societăţii româneşti exprimate în cadrul manifestaţiei din Piaţa Universităţii (22 aprilie 1990 – 12 iunie 1990) Pag.18: Declaraţii ale generalului-magistrat Dan Voinea care a instrumentat dosarul referitor la evenimentele din 13-15 iunie 1990 Pag.20: Contextul istoric al manifestaţiei din Piaţa Universităţii şi al fratricidului din 13-15 iunie 1990. Pag.23: Scrut istoric al manifestaţiei din Piaţa Universităţii Pag.27: Reprimarea -
A New French Revolution? an Integrative Approach in the Analysis
A New French Revolution? An integrative approach in the analysis of the Romanian transition A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Cand. Polit. Øyvind E. Lervik Department of Comparative Politics, University of Bergen, Norway February 2001 Avdeling for forskningsdokumentasjon, Universitetsbiblioteket i Bergen, 27.03.2001 SUMMARY This thesis has focued on the Romanian transition. The critical period concerned was from March 1989, with apparent signs of liberalisation, to the 1990 elections. Romania differed from the East and Central European transitions and the background of these cases. The Integrative Approach provided the analytical framework for relations between relevant structural characteristics and the violent revolution. An examination of several levels of aggregation gave actors’ preferences and the context of the transition, forming the basis for a game theoretic analysis. The issues justifying a transition questions and its proceedings were scrutinised. Selected theories in transitology were elaborated in light of these requirements. The study thus gave a methodological critique as well. The conclusions both gave insight into the forces that provoked the Romanian transition and illustrated how it was supervised. The observations provide contributions to generalisations on rational choices under transitions’ structural constraints, if supplemented with similar theoretical approaches to other cases. The Romanian transition was incomparable to the French revolution. Avdeling for forskningsdokumentasjon, -
ROMANIA Neither “Fleishig” Nor “Milchig”: a Comparative Study
hn hk io il sy SY ek eh Chapter Four hn hk io il sy SY ek eh hn hk io il sy SY ek eh hn hk io il sy SY ek eh hn hk io il sy SY ek eh ROMANIA Neither “Fleishig” nor “Milchig”: A Comparative Study Michael Shafir Right a fter the change of regime in December 1989, Romania displayed some features that were common to most postcommunist EastC entral Eu ro pean countries in regard to antisemitism, as well as some specific features of its own. Freed from ideological and censorship constraints, latent anti semitism erupted in the public space, and after a while it became a cross party phenomenon. This does not mean that po liti cal parties had all put antisemitism on their banners; it rather means that regardless of ideology, both antisemitic prejudice and, above all, the perception of Romania’s “dark past”1 of the interwar period and the Second World War, as well as the role Jews had allegedly played in the early stage of communism, figured in simi lar shades, if not intensity, in all po liti cal formations. The “dark past” was by and large ignored and occasionally justified, while the claim about the Jews was overemphasized in what turned out to be a re nais sance of the “Judeo Bolshevik” myth.2 All of these ele ments were common to most East Central Eu ro pean countries. This is not to say that diferences between attitudes w ere not noticeable. One could, for example, distinguish between: (a) self exculpatory nostalgic -1— antisemitism, or parties and movements of a “radical return” to models of 0— the interwar radical right; (b) self -
The Dark Side of Politics in Post-Communist Romania Conflict Studies Research Centre ISBN 1-903584-22-1 March 2001 G92
Conflict Studies Research Centre G92 Table of Contents Synopsis 2 Introduction 2 Romania's Post-Communist Radical Politics 5 Radical Return and the Revival of Interwar Politics in Romania 6 The Party of National Right (PDN) 6 The Romanian Right Party (DR) 8 The Movement for Romania (MPR) 12 For the Fatherland Party 16 From Fascism and Anti-Semitism to National Communism and Radical Politics 18 Fascism and Anti-Semitism in the Interwar Period 18 Jews and the Communists in Post-War Romania 20 Jews in Post-Communist Romania 24 Radical Communist Continuity and the Rise of Great Romania Party 26 The Party of Romanian National Unity (PUNR) 26 Greater Romania Party (PRM) 32 The Morning After … the November 2000 Elections 40 Conclusions 43 1 The Dark Side of Politics in Post-Communist Romania Conflict Studies Research Centre ISBN 1-903584-22-1 March 2001 G92 V G Baleanu The Dark Side of Politics in Post-Communist Romania From Iron Guard Fascism and Ceausescu's Communist- Nationalism to C V Tudor's Extreme Nationalism V G Baleanu Synopsis The success of the former communists and President Iliescu in the November 2000 parliamentary and presidential elections testifies to the short memories of the electorate, as well as to their disenchantment with the largely ineffective democratic coalition which had been in power since 1996. The surprise showing of CV Tudor and his Greater Romania Party, however, reveals the scope for extremism and nationalism to flourish, at both ends of the political spectrum, in an atmosphere of fluid and unacknowledged personal alliances, often built on expediency. -
Memorial 1989
MEMORIALUL REVOLUŢIEI 16-22 DECEMBRIE 1989 CENTRUL NAŢIONAL DE DOCUMENTARE, CERCETARE ŞI INFORMARE PUBLICĂ DESPRE REVOLUŢIA DIN DECEMBRIE 1989 MEMORIAL 1989 Buletin ştiinţific şi de informare 2 (20) / 2017 Timişoara Colegiul de redacţie: Redactor şef: Gino Rado (Revoluţie) Secretar general de redacţie: Lucian-Vasile Szabo Redactori: Adina Hornea Abruda (Viaţa ştiinţifică) Simona Mocioalcă (Evenimente) Cristina Tudor (Comunism) Tehnoredactare: Gino Rado Corectură: Adina Hornea Abruda Ilustrația copertei: VICTOR GINGIU, ,,Revoluționari”, pictură expusă în anul 2009 la expoziția aniversară ,,20 de ani de la revoluţia română comemorată de artişti plastici timişoreni” Design copertă: Traian Abruda Consiliul consultativ: Ioana Boca – Fundaţia Academia Civică – Bucureşti, Viorel Marineasa – Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara, Stelian Mândruţ – Academia Română, filiala Cluj-Napoca, Silviu B. Moldovan – CNSAS – Bucureşti, Bogdan Murgescu – Universitatea din Bucureşti, Victor Neumann – Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara, Daniel Vighi – Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara, Smaranda Vultur – Universitatea de Vest din Timişoara ISSN: 1843-309X CUPRINS Cuvânt către cititor ………………………………………………………. 9 Foreword ………………………………………………………………... 10 STUDII Lucian-Vasile Szabo, Presa în Revoluție: de la „Drapelul roșu” la „Luptătorul bănățean” ..............................................................................11 Cristina Tudor, Cronologia evenimentelor anului 1990 din Timișoara........26 Eusebiu Narai, Un vis împlinit: aderarea României la Uniunea Europeană -
Romania: Aftermath to the June Violence in Bucharest
May 1, 1991 ROMANIA: AFTERMATH TO THE JUNE VIOLENCE IN BUCHAREST Contents Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................2 The June Detainees: Trials and Treatment in Detention....................................................................................................................................................3 The Arrests...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................3 The First Week: Prisons at Magurele and Baneasa..........................................................................................................................................4 The Interrogation Process................................................................................................................................................................................................6 The Second Phase: Detention at Police Headquarters ..................................................................................................................................7 The Third Phase: Detention at Jilava..........................................................................................................................................................................9 -
Art, Politics and the Museum: Tales of Continuity and Rupture in Modern Romania
Art, Politics and the Museum: Tales of continuity and rupture in modern Romania Gabriela Nicolescu This thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Anthropology Goldsmiths College, University of London 2015 Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except where specifically stated in the text. This dissertation received approval to reach an extended word limit of 95,000 words. The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without the prior written consent of the author. Abstract This thesis provides an exploration of moments of abrupt political change in modern Romania through an analysis of the multiple transformations that have occurred in the National Museum of the Romanian Peasant (NMRP). It traces the paradoxical process by which a museum, perceived as an ‘immutable institution’ not only reflected, but also became a stage for supporting the shift from monarchy to communism and the ensuing of the post-communist order. It reveals how the present-day NMRP is a mixture of institutions, fragments and deletions, a problematic assemblage of people and practices. This mix has resulted in the formation of conflicting and often contradictory views on representation: be they views of the peasant, the past, or the aesthetics of display. Such conflicts in turn exemplify tensions about Romanian identity and modernity more generally. The thesis is based on an analysis of a broad range of contemporary and archival material, such as photography relating to exhibitions and events, films, descriptions of museum displays, labels, and artefacts themselves. -
Romania 2016 International Religious Freedom Report
ROMANIA 2016 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary The constitution and other laws guarantee freedom of religion and include provisions for the protection of religious minority groups. Religious denominations recognized in law or registered as religions receive state support and access to the army, hospitals, retirement homes, penitentiaries, and orphanages. Religious groups must be recognized by law or qualify and be registered under a four-tiered system to receive benefits. Religious minorities continued to report registration requirements limited their ability to function and restricted where they could bury their dead. Registered religious groups said the government failed to enforce their right to bury their dead in cemeteries belonging to other religious groups. Parliament passed amended legislation granting priority to property restitution cases brought by Holocaust survivors and streamlining the process, but the government did not issue implementing regulations for the legislation during the year. Some members of religious minority communities cited bureaucratic obstacles to communal property restitution. The government rejected more than a thousand restitution claims for previously confiscated religious properties and approved 28. Greek Catholic priests reported courts often delayed or denied appeals of government rejections of restitution claims or ordered Greek Catholic parishes, in order to receive back churches previously given to the Romanian Orthodox Church (ROC), to pay the ROC substantial sums as compensation for investments the latter had made in the churches. In March five people attacked two Muslim women in Bucharest. Greek Catholics reported harassment by ROC members and requested police protection for leaders exiting from previously confiscated churches that had been operated by the ROC and restituted to the Greek Catholic Church. -
Romania's 2017 Anti-Corruption Protests
#REZIST ROMANIA’S 2017 ANTI-CORRUPTION PROTESTS: CAUSES, DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLICATIONS edited by: Ana Adi and Darren G. Lilleker #rezist – Romania’s 2017 anti-corruption protests: causes, development and implications PUBLISHED BY: Quadriga University of Applied Sciences Quadriga Hochschule Berlin GmbH Cover: www.quadriga-university.com © Adrian Câtu, 2017 documentaria.ro CITATION OF THIS PUBLICATION (APA STYLE): Adi, A., & Lilleker, D.G. (2017). #rezist – Romania’s 2017 anti-corruption protests: causes, development and implications. Berlin: Quadriga University of Applied Sciences. www.romanianprotests.info Short quotation to be used in legends (charts/graphics): Source: #rezist: Romania’s 2017 protests. July 2017. www.romanianprotests.info The text of and illustrations in this document are licensed by Quadriga University of Applied Sciences under a Creative Commons Attribution–NonCommericial_Share Alike 4.0 Unported license (“CC BY-NC-SA 4.0”). The logos of Quadriga University of Applied Sciences, Quadriga Media GmbH, Bournemouth University and the Center for Public Communication Research are trademarks of each organisation mentioned above, registered in the countries they operate (i.e. Germany, UK). The images included in each chapter of this report are not covered by the current license. Their ownership/copyright/license status is as per the information included in their captions and references included in the endnotes/media links of each chapter. This publication also includes two reprints. The license does not apply to these chapters either - their ownership/copyright is included in the chapter’s endnotes. ISBN 978-3-942263-48-1 doi.org/10.23774/QUAS.RP2017.00 Quadriga Media Berlin GmbH Werderscher Markt 13 D-10117 Berlin Coordination: Ana Adi Design: Jeferson Brito Andrade, Leonie Münch CONTACT: Please contact Ana Adi [email protected] or Darren G. -
Romania's Legion of the Archangel Michael (1922-1938)
EUROPEAN FASCISTS AND LOCAL ACTIVISTS: ROMANIA’S LEGION OF THE ARCHANGEL MICHAEL (1922-1938) by Roland Clark BA (Hons), University of Sydney, 2002 MA, University of Pittsburgh, 2007 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2012 UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH DIETRICH SCHOOL OF ARTS AND SCIENCES This dissertation was presented by Roland Clark It was defended on February 27, 2012 and approved by William Chase, Professor, Department of History, University of Pittsburgh Árpád von Klimó, DAAD Visiting Professor, Department of History, University of Pittsburgh John Markoff, Professor, Department of Sociology, University of Pittsburgh Lara Putnam, Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Pittsburgh Dissertation Advisor: Irina Livezeanu, Associate Professor, Department of History, University of Pittsburgh ii Copyright © by Roland Clark 2012 iii EUROPEAN FASCISTS AND LOCAL ACTIVISTS: ROMANIA’S LEGION OF THE ARCHANGEL MICHAEL (1922-1938) Roland Clark, PhD University of Pittsburgh, 2012 In interwar Europe, “fascism” referred to a diffuse collection of independent movements and regimes that used similar symbols, gestures, and activities to pioneer a distinctive style of politics. The Legion of the Archangel Michael, also known as the Iron Guard, was one of the largest fascist social movements in interwar Europe. This dissertation examines how rank and file Legionaries experienced and articulated their political affiliations as members of the Legion, and more broadly as part of a global fascist network. Official repression, fascist aesthetics, and the demands of Legionary activism meant that becoming a Legionary involved far more than giving intellectual assent to a clearly articulated set of ideas.