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Scorpion Species in Trackless Areas of Aligudarz and Sepiddasht Counties in Luristan Province in 2013

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Scorpion Species in Trackless Areas of Aligudarz and Sepiddasht Counties in Luristan Province in 2013 بررسی گونههای عقرب در مناطق صعب العبور شهرستان های اليگودرز و سپيددشت در استان لرستان در سال1392 سید محمود رضا طاهریان 1 محمد حسن کائدی 2 شاهرخ نوید پور 3 علی چگینی شرفی 4 حمید مخیری 5 محمد ساکی 6 1 مربی حشره شناسی پزشکی،2 دانشیار حشره شناسی پزشکی،4 کارشناس ارشد انگل شناسی، 5 کارشناس بهداشت عمومی، 6 پزشک عمومی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران. 3 دانشیار حشره شناسی پزشکی، انستیتو پاستور، کرج، ایران مجله طب پیشگیری سال اول، شماره اول، پاییز 93 صفحات 46-50 چکیده مقدمــه: مطالعــات مربــوط بــه بیولــوژي و اکولــوژي عقربهــا در ایــران بــا محدودیــت شــدیدي مواجهــه اســت وایــن مطالعــات مــي بایســت بــا شناســایي زیســتگاهها و فــون عقربهــاي هــر منطقــه در کشــور آغــاز و بــا بررســي بیولــوژي و اکولــوژي آنهــا کامــل گــردد. هــدف از ایــن بررســي شناســایي و تعییــن فــون عقربهــاي مناطــق صعــب العبــور و عشــایری در اســتان لرســتان بــود. روش کار: در ایــن مطالعــه توصیفــي از 21 منطقــه عشــایري صعــب العبــور شهرســتانهای الیگــودرز و سپیددشــت بــا توجــه بــه نــوع بافــت خــاک و پوشــش گیاهــی نمونــه گیــری شــد. اطﻻعــات مربــوط بــه دمــا، رطوبــت وارتفــاع از ســطح دریــا محــل مــورد نظــر یادداشــت. جمــع آوری عقربهــا بــه روش صیــد شــبانه بــا اســتفاده از چــراغ قــوه مــاوراء بنفــش و عینــک دیــد در شــب، دو ســاعت قبــل از غــروب آفتــاب و ابتــدای شــب انجــام شــد. نتایــج: در مجمــوع 659 عقــرب از دو منطقــه الیگــودرز و ســپید دشــت صیــد گردیــد کــه بــه دو خانــواده همــی اســکورپیونیده و بوتیــده تعلــق داشــتند. از خانــواده همــی اســکورپیونیده: جنــس همــی اســکورپیوس لپتــوروس و از خانــواده بوتیــده جنــس هــای: بوتوتــوس سلســی آی، مزوبوتــوس اپئــوس، آندرکتونــوس کراســیکودا، ارتوکایــروس ایرانــوس و بوتاکــوس ماکروســنتروس صیــد گردیدنــد. نتيجه گيــري: در ایــن مطالعــه خانــواده بوتیــده بــا 5 گونــه از تنــوع و پراکندگــی باﻻیــی برخــوردار نویسنده مسئول:حمید مخیری ، بــود. جنــس بوتوتــوس سلســی آی بیشــترین وفــور را در عقربهــای ایــن دو منطقــه داشــت. جنــس داشگاه علوم پزشکی لرستان خرم آباد- ایران همــی اســکورپیوس لپتــوروس در منطقــه ســپید دشــت بیــش از 32 درصــد عقربهــا را شــامل می شــد تلفن: 09163695764 کــه بــا توجــه بــه خطرنــاک بــودن ایــن عقــرب بایســتی آموزشهــای ﻻزم بــه مــردم منطقــه داده شــود. پست اکترونیکی: [email protected] کلید واژه ها: عقرب، گونه، فون، لرستان مقدمه: Downloaded from jpm.hums.ac.ir at 0:26 +0330 on Thursday September 30th 2021 عقرب هــا بنــد پایانــی از رده ی عنکبوتیان هســتند که دارای دارنــد)1(. مــوارد بــاﻻی عقــرب گزیدگــی در کشــور گویــای فعالیــت شــبانه بــوده و اغلــب در مناطــق بیابانــی زندگــی ایــن مســئله و اهمیــت آن می باشــد. کــرده و کمتــر وارد اماکــن انســانی می شــوند. بــا ایــن از دوران ایــران باســتان و درمتــون تاریخــی، ادبیــات و دینی وجــود در اثــر ازدیــاد جمعیــت در شــهرها و گســترش شــهر بــه جــا مانــده از آن زمانهــا مشــاهداتی در خصــوص نشــینی و اســتفاده از زمینهــای بایــر، ســاختمان هایی در عقــرب گزیدگــی مﻻحظــه شــده کــه نشــان از قدمــت ایــن حاشــیه شــهر ها بنــا شــده اند و ایــن موجــودات ناخواســته مســئله در ایــران می باشــد)2(. بــه علــت تنــوع تظاهــرات وارد شــهرها شــدند کــه در حــال حاضــر می تــوان آن هــا بالینــی در عقــرب گزیدگــی و نبــود راهنمــای بومــی را درون اماکــن انســانی پیــدا نمــود. عــﻻوه بــر ایــن بافــت مناســب، میــزان تزریــق ســرم پلــی واﻻن ضــد عقــرب خانههــای روســتایی و یــا چادرهــای عشــایر هنــگام کــوج بســیار باﻻســت کــه هــم مشــکﻻت و عــوارض جانبــی خاص بــه نحــوی اســت کــه احتمــال ورود ایــن بنــد پــا بــه داخــل خــود را دارد و هــم باعــث بــه هــدر رفتــن منابــع می شــود مناطــق مســکونی را بیشــتر نمــوده اســت. ایــن موجــودات بــا توجــه بــه اینکــه تمــام عقربهــا ســمی نیســتند ولــی دارای نیــش ســمی بــوده کــه از آن بیشــتر بــه منظــور صید وحشــت از آنهــا باعــث می شــود کــه درمانهــای اضافــی حشــرات و دفــاع از خــود اســتفاده میکننــد و بــه دلیــل بــرای آســیب دیــده گان انجــام شــود. کمبــود اطﻻعــات در اینکــه برخــی مواقــع انســان ها را مــورد حملــه قــرار داده خصــوص عقربهــای اســتان لرســتان بســیار کــم اســت و زندگــی آنهــا را تهدیــد میکننــد مــورد توجــه قــرار و بــه جــز چنــد بررســی محــدود مطالعــات چنــدان روی مجله طب پیشگیری سال اول، شماره اول، پاییز 93 بررسی گونه های عقرب در مناطق صعب العبور شهرستان های اليگودرز و سپيددشت در استان لرستان در سال1392 محمود رضا طاهریان و همکاران آنهــا انجــام نشــده اســت. ایــن کمبــود اطﻻعــات در آزمایشــگاه دانشــکده بهداشــت تعییــن هویــت و بــرای نواحــی صعــب العبــور اســتان بســار بیشــتر اســت و تائیــد نهایــی بــه انســتیتو پاســتور کــرج ارســال گردیدنــد. نیازمنــد مطالعــات جــدی در ایــن زمینــه می باشــد. بــه در ایــن مطالعــه از تجربیــات افــراد بومــي و روســتایي در همیــن دلیــل بــر آن شــدیم تــا گام هایــی اولیــه در ایــن محــل اســتفاده شــد. بــرای جمــع آوری عقــرب عــﻻوه بــر راه برداشــته شــود و بــه امیــد خــدا توســط ســایر محققیــن عقرب هایــی کــه در منــازل یــا در محــل زندگــی عشــایر عﻻقــه منــد و دلســوز تــداوم یابــد. ایــن مطالعــه بــه منظور وجــود داشــت، ســنگ ها را بوســیله یــک دیلــم بــزرگ کســب اطﻻعــات در خصــوص عقربهــای ایــن مناطــق و جــا بــه جــا و در صــورت وجــود عقــرب مبــادرت بــه صیــد ارائــه راه کارهــای مناســب در خصــوص مقابلــه بــا آن هــا بــه آن می کردیــم . تعــدادی از عقربهــا را در شــب از روی مرحلــه اجــرا در آمــد . تنــه درختــان جمــع کــرده و بعــد از نوشــتن مشــخصات مربــوط بــه هــر عقــرب ماننــد نــام روســتا ، محــل نمونــه روش کار: گیــری ) داخــل یــا خــارج از اماکــن مســکونی ( و زمــان ایــن مطالعــه از نــوع توصیفــی بــوده و جامعــه مورد بررســی نمونهگیــری آنــرا در ظــروف جــاي داده و بــه آزمایشــگاه آن عقربهــای مناطــق صعــب العبــور اســتان لرســتان در دانشــکده بهداشــت ارســال مي شــدند. دومنطقــه الیگــودرز و ســپید دشــت می باشــند. اســتان لرســتان در غــرب کشــور بــا وســعتی معــادل 28175 نتایج: کیلومتــر مربــع 73/1 درصــد مســاحت کشــور را بــه خــود در بررســی های بــه عمــل آمــده در مجمــوع 659 عقــرب اختصــاص داده اســت کــه از شــمال بــه اســتان های از دو منطقــه ذکــر شــده صیــد گردیــد. از ایــن تعــداد 64 مرکــزی و همــدان، از جنــوب بــه اســتان خوزســتان، از عقــرب در منطقــه ســپید دشــت و 595 عقــرب از منطقــه شــرق بــه اســتان اصفهــان و از غــرب بــه اســتان های الیگــودرز جمــع آوری گردیدنــد. از نظــر محــل صیــد تمــام کرمانشــاه و ایــﻻم محــدود مي شــود. الیگــودرز یکــی نمونههــای صیــد شــده در الیگــودرز در خــارج از اماکــن از شهرســتان های مهــم آن می باشــد کــه ارتفــاع آن از و در کــوه و دشــت صیــد گردیدنــد. در ســپید دشــت ســطح دریــا 1998 متــر می باشــد و بلندتریــن نقطــه آن 16 عــدد از عقــرب هــا ) 25 درصــد( در داخــل منــازل بیــش از 4000 متــر از ســطح دریــا ارتفــاع دارد. بــارش مســکونی مــردم روســتا، 16 عــدد عقــرب )25 درصــد( از ســاﻻنه آن بیــن 900-300 میلــی متــر می باشــد و دارای داخــل محیــط روســتا و 32 عــدد کــه معــادل 50 درصــد زمســتان های ســرد و یــخ بنــدان هــای طوﻻنــی می باشــد. نمونــه هــا می شــود در کــوه و دشــت صیــد گردیدنــد. ســپید دشــت کــه مرکــز بخــش پاپــی خــرم ابــاد می باشــد عقرب هــای صیــد شــده از دو خانــواده Buthidae و دارای آبشــارهای فراوانــی بــوده و مناطــق بکــر و دســت Hemiscorpiidae بودنــد کــه خانــواده بوتیــده بــا 5 نخــورده زیــادی در آن دیــده می شــود. گونــه بوتوتــوس، آندرکتونــوس، مزوبوتــوس، بوتاکــوس در ابتــدا توســط مشــاور آمــاری طــرح بــا اســتفاده از و ارتوکایــروس در الیگــودرز و ســه گونــه بوتوتــوس، فرمولهــای آمــاری تعــداد نمونههــای مــورد نیــاز تعییــن مزوبوتــوس و اندرکتونــوس در ســپید دشــت تنــوع گونــه گردیــد. ســپس روســتاهای مــورد مطالعــه مشــخص شــده ای باﻻیــی را در هــردو منطقــه نشــان داد در حالیکــه از Downloaded from jpm.hums.ac.ir at 0:26 +0330 on Thursday September 30th 2021 کــه 21 روســتا بــا توجــه بــه شــرایط مختلــف انتخــاب خانــواده همــی اســکورپیونیده در هــردو منطقــه فقــط یــک گردیــد. بــا اســتفاده از دســتگاه GPS موقعیــت هــر منطقه جنــس همــی اســکورپیوس صیــد گردیــد. صعــب العبــور و عشــایر نشــین مشــخص شــده و بــا ثبــت در ســپید دشــت مجموعــا 64 عقــرب صیــد گردیــد کــه از مشــخصات محــل ماننــد نــوع بافــت خــاک کــه بیشــتر مجمــوع عقــرب هــای صیــد شــده 21 عــدد بــه گونــه .H کوهســتانی و ســنگﻻخی می باشــد، پوشــش گیاهــی نســبتا lepturus از خانــواده همــی اســکورپیده، 38 عقــرب بــه مناســب هــر منطقــه بــه همــراه دمــا، رطوبــت، ارتفــاع از گونــه B. saulcyi، 3 عقــرب بــه گونــه A. crassicauda ســطح دریــا، توجــه بــه وســعت محــل و جمعیــت ســاکن در و دو عــدد بــه گونــه M. eupeus کــه از خانــواده بوتیــده منطقــه در2 ســاعت قبــل از غــروب هــر روز و ابتــدای شــب هســتند تعلــق دارنــد . بــا اســتفاده از چــراغ قــوه مــاوراء بنفــش و عینــک دیــد در در منطقــه الیگــودرز 595 عقــرب صیــد گردیــد کــه 510 شــب مبــادرت بــه جمــع آوری عقربهــا اقــدام گردیــد. عــدد آن بــه گونــه B. saulcyi، 54 عــدد آن بــه گونــه .M عقرب هــا در فصــل گــرم ســال) از نیمــه اول خــرداد مــاه eupeus، 12 عــدد بــه گونــه B. macrocentrus، 12 تــا نیمــه اول مهــر مــاه ( صیــد شــدند و در شیشــه های عــدد بــه گونــه O. iranus و یــک عــدد نیــز بــه گونــه مجــزا) هــر عقــرب در یــک شیشــه ( قــرارداده شــدند و A. crassicuda تعلــق داشــت کــه همــه بــه خانــواده حــدود 20 درصــد از عقربهــا را در الــکل 70 درصــد بوتیــده تعلــق دارنــد. از خانــواده همــی اســکورپیده نیــز 4 نگهــداری و بــه آزمایشــگاه منتقــل کردیــم و گونههــای عــدد عقــرب بــه دســت آمــد کــه همگــی بــه گونــه همــی آنهــا از روی کلیــد تشــخیص عقرب هــای ایــران در اســکورپیوس لپتــوروس تعلــق داشــتند. مجله طب پيشگيری سال اول، شماره اول، پایيز 93 47 بررسی گونه های عقرب در مناطق صعب العبور شهرستان های اليگودرز و سپيددشت در استان لرستان در سال1392 محمود رضا طاهریان و همکاران جدول شماره 1-تعداد و درصد عقرب های صید شده در مناطق صعب العبور الیگودرز و سپید دشت در سال 1392 نام روستا تعداد عقرب O. iranus B. macrocentrus M. epeus A. crassicoda H. lepturus B. saulcyi صید شده الیگودرز 595 )%7 / 85(510 )%1( 6 )%2( 1 )%9( 54 )%2(12 )%2(12 سپید 2 )%3/1( 3 )%4/7( 21 )%32/8( 38 )%59/4( 64 دشت - - جمع کل 659 )%83/2( 548 )%4/1( 27 )%8/5( 56 )%8/5( 56 )%1/8( 12 )%1/8( 12 بیشــترین تنــوع گونــه عقــرب در شهرســتان الیگــودرز بــود الیگــودرز نســبت بــه وســعت و جمعیــت شهرســتان ســپید کــه از هــر شــش گونــه عقــرب صیــد گردیــد کــه علــت آن دشــت باشــد.
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