DOCSLIB.ORG

Re-Thinking Loft Buildings in the Scope of Housing Production in Turkey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Re-Thinking Loft Buildings in the Scope of Housing Production in Turkey ARTICLE MEGARON 2015;10(4):479-493 DOI: 10.5505/MEGARON.2015.04127 Re-Thinking Loft Buildings in the Scope of Housing Production in Turkey* Türkiye’de Konut Üretimi Kapsamında Loft Binaları Yeniden Düşünmek* Neslinur HIZLI, Burçin MIZRAK ABSTRACT ÖZ In an age of rapid urbanization, the question of how housing Hızlı kentleşmenin olduğu bir çağda, konutların, şehirlerin ar- should respond to increasing, changing demands of cities has tan ve değişen ihtiyaçlarına nasıl cevap vereceği keşfedilmesi become crucial. The aim of the present study was to re-envi- gereken önemli bir sorun olmaktadır. Bu bildiri, bu ihtiyaçlara sion the role of the loft building in housing production in Tur- cevap verebilmek açısından loft binaların konut üretimindeki key in terms of responding to those needs, and to discuss loft yerini yeniden düşünmeyi ve loft binaları ‘uyumluluk, değişebi- buildings within the context of an open building–embodying lirlik ve esneklik’ kavramlarını da içinde barındıran ‘açık yapı’ adaptability, variability, and flexibility. To do so, literature was konsepti üzerinden tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla, il- reviewed, and six examples, three national and three interna- gili yazın taranmış ve üçü yurtiçi, üçü yurtdışından olmak üzere tional, were analyzed. Two interviews were conducted, one altı örnek analiz edilmiştir. Biri, örnek loft binamızın tasarım with a member of a design team, and one with a user of loft ekibinden, bir diğeri de kullanıcısı olmak üzere iki kişi ile rö- examples. The study demonstrates that loft buildings embody the fundamentals of the open building concept, with high portaj yapılmıştır. Çalışma göstermiştir ki, loft binalar yüksek ceilings and structural systems that provide interior space duvarları ve iç mekânı bölmeyen taşıyıcı sistemleriyle açık yapı without division, but which diverge from the concept due to konseptinin temel özelliklerini içinde barındırırken, cephedeki restrictions in their facades. It also suggests that lofts can play kısıtlamalardan dolayı konseptten ayrılmaktadır. Açık yapı ka- a remarkable role in future Turkish housing production due to rakteristiği ile Türkiye’nin gelecekteki konut üretiminde önemli these open building characteristics. bir rol oynamaktadır. Keywords: Loft buildings; open building; support and infill; user par- Anahtar sözcükler: Loft binalar; açık yapı, destek ve tamamlayıcı üni- ticipation; the SAR system. teler; kullanıcı katılımı; sar sistemi. *This article has been developed from the conference paper ‘Re-Thinking Loft Buildings in the *Bu makale, 11-12 Aralık 2014 tarihinde Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Mimarlık ve Tasarım Fakül- Scope of the Dwelling Production in Turkey’, originally presented at the International Environ- tesi ev sahipliğinde gerçekleşen Uluslararası Çevre ve Tasarım Kongresi’nde bildiri olarak su- ment and Design Conference in Istanbul, December 2014. nulmuş olup, çalışmanın literatür kısmında verilen bilgiler yazarlar tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Department of Architecture, Yildiz Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey. Article arrival date: March 17, 2014 - Accepted for publication: November 02, 2015 Correspondence: Neslinur HIZLI. e-mail: [email protected] © 2015 Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi - © 2015 Yıldız Technical University, Faculty of Architecture m garonjournal.com m CİLT VOL. 10 - SAYI NO. 4 479 Introduction structed buildings, make the concept of variability and A dwelling has a mechanism, which is changing flexibility important at the planning and design stage. according to the culture, income, and demographic The variability of the residential building means that characteristics of users. If any of these factors of the the housing plan has a certain system and adapta- users’ changes, the dwelling must correspond to this. tion which provide alternative solutions to the users’ But when looking at today’s dwelling production, changing and improving living conditions. Besides its quite monotonous dwelling groups are seen. Although definition which is mentioned in the Turkish Language architects or designers indicate that they really care Association as “susceptible to different interpreta- about user-centered housing designs, the majority tions”, the word of ‘flexible’ is one of the different of the apartments only appeal to a score of people. types of variability with its meaning like variable, add- Therefore, in this age of rapid urbanization, how the able, adaptable, expandable. Although these concepts residential buildings should be and should react to the have very similar meanings, they have major differenc- rapid increase in population and to the changing life- es in terms of usage in architecture. Giving informa- styles of citizens in big cities are still the problems wait- tion about these concepts, which will be mentioned ing to be solved. frequently in case studies, would be appropriate for better understanding of the study. Loft buildings, which were come up with converting The Concept of Flexibility, Adaptability, Variability idle industrial buildings to home/office buildings as an In Residential Buildings alternative solution to problem of homelessness of the 1970s in the United States also began to be implement- The concept of flexibility in architecture can divide ed in Turkey gradually. This approach is considered as a into various topics depending on the residential build- new trend because, investors aim to provide new pack- ing’s physical, mechanical and structural systems at the ages and facilities, for who will have a house in this stage of planning, design and practice. This classifica- period of rapid consumption of space and housing. So, tion can change depending on the bearing elements i.e. will loft buildings be improved instead of monotonous built-in elements (columns, slabs, vertical installation housing architecture as an alternative in changing con- shafts, vertical circulation elements) and variable parts ditions? What kind of contribution do these buildings (non-load bearing walls, plane of working, display ele- make in residential building sector of Turkey? The aim ments). Ustun describes flexibility as a method, which of the study is to re-think the importance of loft build- is depending on principles of construction and distribu- ings in dwelling production in Turkey and to discuss loft tion of service spaces. He explains that the main com- buildings over the concept of open building; embody- ponents of flexible scheme are pre-planned relations ing adaptability, variability, and flexibility. between the loadbearing axis, loadbearing interior par- titions, central heating, water and electricity services, In this paper, before giving definitions and examina- main and service spaces. Ustun also notes that the tion of loft examples; literature review, which includes adaptability is based on basis of planning and organiza- open building discourses and the concept of flexibility, tion. Room sizes, spatial relations between rooms, load adaptability, variability, are given. bearing internal dividers, the perception of space re- gardless of function are the parameters of adaptation.1 Literature Review In our developing world, the increase of the needs The adaptability is to provide opportunity for re- of people and technological developments, which oc- use of residential space with a different function at cur in line with these needs, affect changes and de- any period of time. Obsolescence of function in resi- velopments in society again. In the wake of these dential space is a problem, decreasing the value of developments, our expectations about the future of the building. The solution is changing use without structures, in which we keep living, also change. And changing structural components; in other words it is that paradigm shift and the emergence of new arrange- the principle of adaptability, which provides flexibility. ments in the existing structures lead to the motion of The variability is to grow outward, to expand by way change and so give rise to the notion of ‘variability’. of modules. As it is understood from this point, the Residential users’ time-varying needs, demands and difference between adaptability and variability is the habits require taking some precautions at the plan- structural components coming into play and their abil- ning stage. Besides the existing buildings adapting to ity to change. new functions because of the new requirements, the assumption of possible future changes of to be con- 1 Ustun, 2000. 480 CİLT VOL. 10 - SAYI NO. 4 Re-Thinking Loft Buildings in the Scope of Housing Production in Turkey The concept of flexibility is, with the words of Ta- In the book ‘Supports, an Alternative to Mass Hous- pan,2 the same design unit’s ability of fulfilling the ing’, Habraken proposes the separation of ‘support’ different users’ requirements without changing struc- (base building) from ‘infill’ (fit-out) in residential con- ture system and is the opportunity to take advantage struction. One of the different hierarchical levels of the of the same volumes for multiple functions. The vari- building section, fixed part i.e. support unit, has been ability is the behavior, which requires changing the used to determine the decisions made by society, structure system for meeting the changing needs and while in-fill unit has been used to explain the decisions actions’ requirements. According to Yurekli,3 the pur- made by individuals. The permanent and long-lived pose of giving insight into the flexibility percept to any support includes the service
Load more

Recommended publications
  • RESIDENCES Prefaces
    LOFT RESIDENCES Prefaces Loft Residences Copyright © Artpower International Publishing Co., Ltd. Designer: Chen Ting Chief Editor: Li Aihong Address: Room C, 9/F., Sun House, 181 Des Voeux Road Central, Hong Kong, China Tel: 852-31840676 Fax: 852-25432396 Editorial Department: Address: G009, Floor 7th, Yimao Centre, Meiyuan Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, China Tel: 86-755-82913355 Fax: 86-755-82020029 Web: www.artpower.com.cn E-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-988-13541-7-4 No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. All images in this book have been reproduced with the knowledge and prior consent of the designers and the clients concerned, and every effort has been made to ensure that credits accurately comply with information applied. No responsibility is accepted by producer, publisher, or printer for any infringement of copyright or otherwise arising from the contents of this publication. Printed in China Contents 008 Industrial Loft 110 God’s Loftstory 012 Loft Vila Leopoldina 116 Grey Loft 016 Chelsea Loft Residence 122 Black & White Loft 020 St. Pancras Penthouse Apartment 128 Sagaoponak Cottage 026 Real Parque Loft 132 R1T Apartment 030 Loft in Turin 136 Hudson Valley Residence 036 Loft in Terrassa 140 Yndo Loft 042 South Park Loft 144 Henley Park Coach House 048 Warren Mews Loft 150 Greenwich Street Loft 052 Industrial
    [Show full text]
  • Insulating Thatched Roofs This Guidance Note Has Been Prepared and Edited by David Pickles
    Energy Efficiency and Historic Buildings Insulating Thatched Roofs This guidance note has been prepared and edited by David Pickles. It forms one of a series of thirteen guidance notes covering the thermal upgrading of building elements such as roofs, walls and floors. First published by English Heritage March 2012. This edition (v1.1) published by Historic England April 2016. All images © Historic England unless otherwise stated. Illustrations drawn by Simon Revill. Our full range of guidance on energy efficiency can be found at: HistoricEngland.org.uk/energyefficiency Front cover: Thatch repairs in progress. © Philip White. Summary This guidance provides advice on the principles, risks, materials and methods for insulating thatched roofs. There are estimated to be about fifty thousand thatched buildings in England today, some of which retain thatch which is over six hundred years old. Thatching reflects strong vernacular traditions all over the country. Well-maintained thatch is a highly effective weatherproof coating as traditional deep thatched eaves will shed rainwater without the need for any down pipes or gutters. Locally grown thatch is a sustainable material, which has little impact on the environment throughout its life-cycle. It requires no chemicals to grow, can be harvested by hand or using traditional farm machinery, requires no mechanical processing and therefore has low embodied energy and can be fixed using hand tools. At the end of its life it can be composted and returned to the land. Thatch has a much greater insulating value than any other traditional roof covering. With the right choice of material and detailing, a well-maintained thatched roof will keep a building warm in winter and cool in summer and has the added advantage of being highly sound-proof.
    [Show full text]
  • ASSESSMENT of the POTENTIAL ROLE of LIVE/WORK DEVELOPMENT in CENTERS
    JULY 2004 ASSESSMENT of the POTENTIAL ROLE of LIVE/WORK DEVELOPMENT in CENTERS JULY 2004 ASSESSMENT of the POTENTIAL ROLE of LIVE/WORK DEVELOPMENT in CENTERS Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission Created in 1965, the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission (DVRPC) is an interstate, intercounty and intercity agency that provides continuing, comprehensive and coordinated planning to shape a vision for the future growth of the Delaware Valley region. The region includes Bucks, Chester, Delaware and Montgomery counties, as well as the City of Philadelphia in Pennsylvania and Burlington, Camden, Gloucester and Mercer counties in New Jersey. DVRPC provides technical assistance and services; conducts high priority studies that respond to the requests and demands of member state and local governments; fosters cooperation among various constituents to forge a consensus on diverse regional issues; determines and meets the needs of the private sector; and practices public outreach efforts to promote two-way communication and public awareness of regional issues and the Commission. Our logo is adapted from the official DVRPC seal and is designed as a stylized image of the Delaware Valley. The outer ring symbolizes the region as a whole, while the diagonal bar signifies the Delaware River. The two adjoining crescents represent the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the State of New Jersey. DVRPC is funded by a variety of funding sources including federal grants from the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA), the Pennsylvania and New Jersey departments of transportation, as well as by DVRPC’s state and local member governments.
    [Show full text]
  • Easy Loft BBA Certificate
    APPROVAL INSPECTION Carpenter Ltd TESTING CERTIFICATION Dinting Lodge Industrial Estate TECHNICAL APPROVALS FOR CONSTRUCTION Glossop Derbyshire SK13 6LE Agrément Certificate Tel: 01457 861141 Fax: 01457 892424 e-mail: [email protected] 10/4764 website: www.carpenter.com Product Sheet 1 CARPENTER LOFT INSULATION EASY LOFT FOR LOFT APPLICATIONS PRODUCT SCOPE AND SUMMARY OF CERTIFICATE This Certificate relates to Easy Loft for Loft Applications, for use between and over ceiling joists in ventilated or unventilated pitched roofs in dwellings or buildings of similar occupancy. AGRÉMENT CERTIFICATION INCLUDES: • factors relating to compliance with Building Regulations where applicable • factors relating to additional non-regulatory information where applicable • independently verified technical specification • assessment criteria and technical investigations • design considerations • installation guidance • regular surveillance of production • formal three-yearly review. KEY FACTORS ASSESSED λ –1 –1 Thermal performance — the product has a thermal conductivity ( 90/90) of 0.045 W·m ·K and when installed between and over ceiling joists, can enable roofs to achieve typical design U values less than 0.14 W·m2·K. (see section 5). Condensation — the product can contribute to limiting the risk of surface condensation and, for the purposes of assessing the risk of interstitial condensation, the product’s vapour resistivity may be taken as approximately 11 MN·s·g–1·m–1 (see section 6). Behaviour in relation to fire — the product will not contribute to the development stages of a fire (see section 7). Durability — the product is stable, rot-proof and durable and will remain effective as an insulant for the life of the building in which it is installed (see section 10) The BBA has awarded this Agrément Certificate to the company named above for the product described herein.
    [Show full text]
  • ADR-Loft Haus-11-1-16-NEW.Indd
    H+dlT collaborative, llc EDG - ADMINISTRATIVE DESIGN REVIEW - LOFT HAUS 3420 15TH AVENUE W. SEATTLE, WA 98119 11.18.2016 DPD PROJECT# 3014491 LEFT BLANK H+dlT collaborative, llc EDG - ADMINISTRATIVE DESIGN REVIEW - LOFT HAUS 3420 15TH AVENUE W. SEATTLE, WA 98119 11.18.2016 DPD PROJECT# 3014491 PROPOSAL DESCRIPTION PROJECT GOALS 1 CONTEXT ANALYSIS SITE CONTEXT 2-5 EXISTING SITE CONDITIONS 6-7 SITE ANALYSIS 8-9 ZONING ANALYSIS 10 DESIGN PROCESS DESIGN PROCESS 11-12 ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT SITE PLAN 13 FLOOR PLANS 14-17 SECTION 18 ELEVATIONS 19-22 3D PERSPECTIVE VIEWS 23-25 DESIGN GUIDELINES PERTINENT DESIGN GUIDELINES 26 DESIGN OBJECTIVES AND IMAGES 27 DEPARTURE REQUESTS 28 SHADOW STUDIES 29 H+dlT collaborative, llc EDG - ADMINISTRATIVE DESIGN REVIEW - LOFT HAUS 3420 15TH AVENUE W. SEATTLE, WA 98119 11.18.2016 DPD PROJECT# 3014491 1 PROJECT GOALS The 3420 15th Avenue West site is located along an active commercial corridor at the intersection of three neighborhoods: North Queen Anne, Interbay, and Ballard to the north. The area is composed of both single-family residents and multi-unit buildings (30% - 70%). The project team will seek to design a multi-unit develop- ment with 39 small effi ciency dwelling units (SEDUs). We will strive to enhance the existing neighborhood context. CONTEXT FISHERMEN’S TERMINAL Our intent is to interpret the community, history and character of the site in order to create an appealing and lasting design. We want to offer a smart and effi cient layout with a unit mix that will be attractive to new and existing residents.
    [Show full text]
  • Inside New York's Lofts
    A 2,000+ square foot open loft space in the Chelsea by Diego Alejandro Design INSIDE NEW YORK’S LOFTS Inside some of New York’s cast iron buildings, enterprising architects have transformed these once decrepit loft-style warehouses into beautiful homes that represent New York’s transition from an industrial to post-industrial city in today’s modern day. TEXT HAJAR YUS0F 246 DECEMBER 163224-mc_Interiors_31-10.indd 246 12/11/13 11:37 AM LIFESTYLE , N G ELL DESI ELL NS W G ID HO ID V DA , N G IM DESI IM K JANE JANE , N Former printing press turned G ARCHITECTURE AND NEXUS DESI ARCHITECTURENEXUS AND loft by Design42 Architecture 2 N4 G here is an uplifting quality about DESI , New York’s loft style apartments – modern furnishings against the raw O ALEJANDROO DESI G brick walls, large floor-to-ceiling DIE T windows that allow the generous fl ow of natural light–all of which work together to conjure an aesthetic that pays homage to the New York of old and new. Particularly in TriBeCa OTT SEIDEL ARCHITECTURE SEIDEL OTT and SoHo, once desolate areas of New York City, BB loft-style living is booming. Over the past forty MA IMAGES COURTESY OF COURTESY IMAGES years, property values have sky rocketed, and simple loft apartments are fetching price tags above the $1.5 million bracket. If you’re talking lofts in New York, there are two kinds: “hard” 19th century warehouse and “soft”. “Hard” or raw lofts are pre-existing converted into loft apartment at TriBeCa by industrial buildings that have been converted David Howell Design both structurally and cosmetically while “soft” lofts take on similar characteristics of a loft design, such as its high ceilings, but are brand new and built from the ground up.
    [Show full text]
  • Housing & Mixed-Use
    HOUSING & MIXED-USE TABLE OF CONTENTS Housing & Mixed-Use Practice Area 01 Multifamily & Mixed-Use 02 Adaptive Re-Use 03 Student Housing 04 Urban Design & Planning 05 Firm Profile 06 01 HOUSING & MIXED-USE PRACTICE AREA Lord Aeck Sargent’s Housing & Mixed-Use practice area provides creative solutions for new and innovative mixed-use communities. Our focus is on urban-infill projects of varying sizes that have a direct impact on the urban environment. We have been involved in projects at the master planning and urban design levels, including assistance with planning for neighborhood development, projects that encompass multi-acre sites, single-family residential neighborhood planning in undeveloped urban core areas and large mixed-use developments. Our services include extensive planning and zoning work, from initial site analysis through the neighborhood and jurisdictional review process. Our projects are complex and often involve a mix of new construction, adaptive reuse, historic preservation and mixed-use programs. “Lord Aeck Sargent Architecture did 02 a fantastic job executing the design for a difficult site and complex project. They provided a highly qualified team that designed a remarkable project and addressed all issues during construction.” William N. Bollwerk Alliance Residential Company MULTIFAMILY & MIXED-USE Our experience includes market-rate housing for rent and for sale, as well as affordable housing, public housing, senior housing and student housing. Our areas of expertise are in the design and planning of multifamily buildings and vertically integrated mixed-use residential developments targeted to a variety of demographic groups. We are experienced in the technical aspects of residential and mixed-use construction—from low-rise to high-rise N.
    [Show full text]
  • Requirements for Covered Multifamily Dwellings Under the Fair Housing Act
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT OFFICE OF FAIR HOUSING AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE CIVIL RIGHTS DIVISION Washington, D.C. April 30, 2013 JOINT STATEMENT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ACCESSIBILITY (DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION) REQUIREMENTS FOR COVERED MULTIFAMILY DWELLINGS UNDER THE FAIR HOUSING ACT Introduction The Department of Justice (“DOJ”) and the Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) are jointly responsible for enforcing the federal Fair Housing Act (the “Act”),1 which prohibits discrimination in housing on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, and disability.2 One of the types of disability discrimination prohibited by the Act is the failure to design and construct covered multifamily dwellings with certain features of accessible design. See 42 U.S.C. § 3604(f). This Joint Statement provides guidance regarding the persons, entities, and types of housing and related facilities that are subject to the accessible design and construction requirements of the Act (hereinafter, “design and construction requirements”). See 42 U.S.C. § 3604(f)(3). 1The Fair Housing Act is codified at 42 U.S.C. §§ 3601-3619. 2The Act uses the term “handicap” instead of “disability.” Both terms have the same legal meaning. See Bragdon v. Abbott, 524 U.S. 624, 631 (1998) (noting that definition of “disability” in the Americans with Disabilities Act is drawn almost verbatim “from the definition of ‘handicap’ contained in the Fair Housing Amendments Act of 1988”). This document uses the term “disability,” which is more generally accepted.
    [Show full text]
  • Loft Ladder Range
    YOUNGMAN TIMBER & ALUMINIUM LOFT LADDER RANGE ACCESS YOUR UNUSED LOFT SPACE WITH THE IDEAL YOUNGMAN SOLUTION See our installation videos at ECO S-LINE youngmanaccess.com/videos LOFT LADDER 150kg EN14975 LOAD CAPACITY (Load includes user, tools, materials, etc.) Spring clip to secure sections when deployed Requires no arc space for clearance or storage space in the loft; the ladder is stored within trapdoor Insulated draught proof hatch Handrail to aid safe climbing OPTIONAL Timber pull and push EXTENSION stowing pole included KIT AVAILABLE Increases height to 3.51m Fits in UK standard 0.6m joist centres SPECIFICATIONS Max. Floor Hatch Casing Product Sections x to Ceiling Size L x W x Weight (kg) Code Treads Height (m) D (m) 1.13 x 0.55 x 34535000 2.81 3 x 4 26.0 0.14 See our installation videos at TIMBERLINE youngmanaccess.com/videos LOFT LADDER 150kg EN14975 LOAD CAPACITY (Load includes user, tools, materials, etc.) Folding timber loft ladder with a white-faced 26mm insulated trapdoor High quality timber construction Spring-assisted easy lowering and stowing OPTIONAL Slip-resistant treads EXTENSION and feet KIT AVAILABLE Increases height to 3.50m. SPECIFICATIONS Max. Floor Hatch Casing Product Sections x to Ceiling Size L x W x Weight (kg) Code Treads Height (m) D (m) 1.13 x 0.55 x 34530300 2.80 3 x 4 23.0 0.12 See our installation videos at SPACEMAKER youngmanaccess.com/videos LOFT LADDER 150kg BS EN14975 LOAD CAPACITY (Load includes user, tools, materials, etc.) Aluminium 2 section sliding ladder - ideal for occasional use Fitted with wide, flat, slip-resistant treads Unique shoot bolt fastening for safety and ease of use SPECIFICATIONS Max.
    [Show full text]
  • House Floor Plans with Loft
    House Floor Plans With Loft Skipp outmoding affably if air-conditioned Hakim decarbonising or count-downs. Unhunted and fameless Cesar precludes her incompatibleness guddles outglares and postponing parlando. Chantilly and uneffaced Wolf presignify his lubricity territorialised recapturing mongrelly. The plans exceptionally designed to nine steps is through and plans house! It bill has a light color palette. Floor plans Old Townley Lofts. We would be designed with four bedroom layout is in your finances are completed hayloft is on travel racing outdoor space and contractors for! Choose from many architectural styles and sizes of home plans with a clue at House Plans and contaminate you real sure go find its perfect payment plan. 15 Story House Plans The grid Plan Company. Cabin Home Plans Family Home Plans. Say but to huddle House Sunnyvale's newest apartment though and definitely its most stylish This fresh idea on attention was influenced by current open floorplans. In depth, three sides of courtyard house wrap provided the outdoors to appreciate privacy. Whether their're looking do a country thus plan with trim wrap around pool or a. Below to plan with lofts are planning to maximize privacy. The blue Pea features a two-person sleeping loft bathroom with a. The labor charges, structure cost, and preparing fee of metal building is cry more expensive than renew of lumbers. Also comes with new front target back porch. A county House Plans Family Home Plans. Tri county builders with floor is open plan for metal roof cabin homes feel throughout our plans with this plan is.
    [Show full text]
  • The History of Attic Ventilation Regulation and Research
    THE HISTORY OF ATTIC VENTILATION REGULATION AND RESEARCH William B. Rose ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to review the research literature and ill tended to sllbstantiate the rule fails to sllpport it. The pro­ reglilattry documellts on attic ventilation in the United I1llllgation of the 1:300 rille went forward, nevertheless. States. Before, during, alld immediately followillg World A second spurt of interest in attic performance began in War II there was a spurt of regulatory alld research activity 1978, with several research papers tending toward the conclll­ that gave rise to the Cllrrellt stalldards and guidelilles that sioll that ventilation of well-inslliated attics does not have a govem residelltial constmction practice. UpOIl review of the sigllificant effect all coolillg load. MOllitoring efforts ill tire literatllre of that time, it becomes apparent that the findings of 1980s showed that air leakage alld moisture storage are the tire research are not cOllsistent with the conclllsions drawn by predominant determillallts of perfonllallce. Modelillg efforts researchers and others. In particlllar, the mle reqlliring an showed greater success with temperature predictioll than with attic ventilation ratio of 1:300 does not appear to have been moist lire predictioll. jllstified at the time of its promlligation. The research that was INTRODUCTION applicable research, as was the case following World War II. In this paper, there is no intent to criticize the for­ Purpose mulators of building regulations for failure to correctly The aim of this paper is to present the sources of reg­ anticipate later findings. Indeed, they often seemed to ulations governing attic construction, particularly attic exhibit excellent judgment.
    [Show full text]
  • Multiple Dwelling Law 7-C § 280. Legislative Findings. the Legislature
    Multiple Dwelling Law 7-C § 280. Legislative findings. The legislature hereby finds and declares that a serious public emergency exists in the housing of a considerable number of persons in cities having a population of over one million, which emergency has been created by the increasing number of conversions of commercial and manufacturing loft buildings to residential use without compliance with applicable building codes and laws and without compliance with local laws regarding minimum housing maintenance standards; that many such buildings do not conform to minimum standards for health, safety and fire protection; that housing maintenance services essential to maintain health, safety and fire protection are not being provided in many such buildings; that as a consequence of the acute shortage of housing as found and declared in the emergency tenant protection act of nineteen seventy-four the tenants in such buildings would suffer great hardship if forced to relocate; that as a result of the uncertain status of the tenancy in question the courts have been increasingly burdened with disputes between landlords and tenants regarding their respective rights and obligations under the existing circumstances; that some courts have declared such buildings "de facto" multiple dwellings; that illegal and unregulated residential conversions undermine the integrity of the local zoning resolution and threaten loss of jobs and industry; that the intervention of the state and local governments is necessary to effectuate legalization, consistent with the local zoning resolution, of the present illegal living arrangements in such "de facto" multiple dwellings, and to establish a system whereby residential rentals can be reasonably adjusted so that residential tenants can assist in paying the cost of such legalization without being forced to relocate; that in order to prevent uncertainty, hardship, and dislocation, the provisions of this article are necessary and designed to protect the public health, safety and general welfare.
    [Show full text]