Phytochemical Screening and GCMS Studies of the Medicinal Plant Pavetta Indica Linn

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Phytochemical Screening and GCMS Studies of the Medicinal Plant Pavetta Indica Linn American Journal of Ethnomedicine, 2015, Vol. 2, No. 6 ISSN: 2348-9502 Available online at http://www.ajethno.com © American Journal of Ethnomedicine Phytochemical Screening and GCMS Studies of the Medicinal Plant Pavetta indica Linn. S. Suresh1, G.Pradheesh2 and Dr. V. Alex Ramani*3 1Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Vetri Vinayaha College of Engineering and Technology, Tholurpatti, Thottiam, Trichirappalli – 621215, Tamilnadu, India. 2Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore – 641035, Tamilnadu, India. 3Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, St. Joseph’s College, Trichirappalli – 620002, Tamilnadu, India *Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Objective: The plant Pavetta indica Linn.is variable shrub (or) small tree belonging to the family of Rubiaceae, reported to have medicinal properties. The leaves and roots of this plant are used in poultices for boils and itches, to cure hemorrhoidal pain, constipation, jaundice etc. The present work is aimed at the phytochemical screening and GCMS Studies for the presence of secondary metabolites like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, tannins, etc. Methods: The Phytochemical screening of the leaf extracts were carried out applying the standard methods and tests. It shows the presence of metabolites like alkaloids, carbohydrate, tannins, steroidal glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, etc. The ethanolic extract was subjected to GCMS studies. Results: The phytochemical screening reveals that the both ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Pavetta indica Linn. contains the phytoconstituents - alkaloids, carbohydrate, tannins, steroidal glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, etc. The GCMS analysis of ethanolic extracts indicates the presence of 36 phytoconstituents belonging to the types of acids, alkanes, amines, esters and phenolic compounds. Conclusion: The phytochemical screening and GCMS analysis of the extracts are in good agreement with the presence of alkaloids; four alkaloids are reported to be present by the GCMS studies. The medicinal properties of Pavetta indica Linn. may are attributed to the presence of alkaloids. Keywords- Medicinal values, GCMS studies, Pavetta indica Linn., Phytochemical screening. Page 347 www.ajethno.com American Journal of Ethnomedicine ________________________________________ ISSN: 2348-9502 INTRODUCTION Phytochemical Screening10,11 1,2 The phytochemical screening of the Pavetta indica Linn (Tamil: Kattu leaf extracts were carried out applying the thirani, Panna pavadai, Sirukonnai, Pavattai) standard methods and tests as prescribed by is a shrub or small tree belongs to the family J B Harbone12. Hence, the presence or of Rubiaceace. The leaves very variable absence of various phytoconstituents were elliptic – oblong to elliptic – lanceolate and determined. The experimental procedures obovate – oblong, glossy – green flowers are and the results are given in the Table No -1. white. The roots are said to possess purgative, aperient, diuretic and tonic Gas Chromatography and Mass properties and are prescribed in visceral spectrometry13 obstructions, jaundice, headache, urinary The ethanolic extract was subjected diseases and dropsical affections. The 3 to GC-MS analysis of the instrument GCMS phytochemical investigation , chemical (Schimadz U Japan) with Elite – DB – 5M composition of essential oil4 and physio – 5 Column and the GCMS solution version phytochemical screening had been reported 2.53SV3 software. Initially oven to this plant. The plant was studied and temperature was maintained at 30°C for 2 found to possess anti – inflammatory minutes and the temperature was increased potential6, analgestic7, antimicrobial8 , 9 gradually up to 200ºC at 10.0/35.0 min and antipyretic activities . The aim of the present 4.0 µL of sample was injected for analysis. study was to identify the phytocomponents Helium gas 99.9% of purity was used as of the ethanolic and methanolic extracts of carrier gas as well a elution. The flow rate of the plant leaves applying the GCMS and the helium gas set to 1.5ml /min. The phytochemical screening techniques. temperature was maintained at 230ºC. The sample injector with split ratio was 20 MATERIALS AND METHODS throughout the experiment periods. The mass spectroscopic analysis was done at 70 The leaves of Pavetta indica Linn. eV. The spectra were recorded for mass were collected from Elamanur region (Near range 40 – 1000 m/z for about 35 minutes. Trichy) from the month of July at The separated compounds were identified by 5.00pm.They were identified and comparing their mass spectra with the mass authenticated by the Rapinet Herbarium, St. spectral data of the compounds present in Joseph college (Autonomous)Trichy -02, the data bank. The GCMS chromatogram is Tamilnadu, India. attached in Figure No. 1. Sample preparation The leaves of Pavetta indica Linn. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION were shade dried and pulverized well. About Phytochemical screening 20g of the plant leaves were soaked in The results of the phytochemical 100ml of ethanol and methanol. It was left screening of the plant Pavetta indica Linn. for 24 hours in order to extract the and its GCMS profiling are presented here. phytoconstituents- alkaloids, carbohydrate, The plant Pavetta indica Linn .was analysed tannins, steroidal glycosides, steroids, qualitatively for the phytochemically active flavanoids, acids and others. The above compounds and the results are given in the extracts were filtered using Whatmann Table No: 2. The ethanolic and methanolic No.1filter paper the residue was removed. extracts of the leaves of Pavetta indica Linn. showed the presence of phytochemically Page 348 American Journal of Ethnomedicine ________________________________________ ISSN: 2348-9502 active compounds such as alkaloids, peak area ranging from 1 to 5%. The data of carbohydrate, tannins, steroidal glycosides, GCMS studies are given in the Table No: 3. steroids, flavonoids. The following metabolites were analysed to be absent in CONCLUSION the ethanolic and methanolic extracts saponins, sapanin glycosides, cumarin, The results of the phytochemical anthocyanin and flavones. The details are screening revealed that both ethanolic and given in the Table No: 2. methanolic extracts of Pavetta indica Linn. contained the phytoconstituents - alkaloids, GCMS Study carbohydrate, tannins, steroidal glycosides, GCMS analysis was carried out on steroids, flavonoids, etc. the ethanolic extracts of Pavatta indica The GCMS analysis of ethanolic Linn. showed as many as 36 compounds to extracts indicated the presence of 36 present. The lists of compounds are given in phytoconstituents belonging to the types of Table No – 3. The GCMS analysis was done acids, alkanes, amines, esters and phenolic using the instrument GCMS (Schimadz U compounds. Hence, the medicinal plant QP2010 with GCMS solution version 2.53 Pavetta indica Linn had been found to software. The sample volumes was 4.0µL. possess significant phytoconstituents that The sample of ethanolic extract was run for might be attributed to the medicinal 35 minutes. The chromatogram (Figure characteristics. No:1) showed prominent peaks in the retention time ranging 4.0 – 38.0minutes. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Based on the percentage peak area We acknowledge Dr. M. the compounds 1,2- benzene dicarboxylic Karthikeyan, Principal and Mr. D. Johnson, acid, diethylester(CAS) Ethyl phthalate, 2,4- Head of General Engineering, Vetri Imidazolidinedione, 1-[[(5-nitro-2-furanyl) Vinayaha College of Engineering and methane]amino]-(CAS)upiol, phalic acid, Technology for their constant allyl ethyl ester(CAS) Ethylallylphthalate, 1, encouragement in doing this part of my 3-dioxoline, tartronic acid, (P- research work. Ethoxyphenyl) diethyl ester were found to We place on record once sincere be significantly in higher quantities with the acknowledgement Rev. Fr. Andrew Francis, peak areas ranging from 59.63 to 60%. Principal, St. Joseph’s College The compounds methane, sulfinyl (Autonomous) for permitting us to do bis – (CAS) dimethyl sulfoxide, propane, 2- laboratory facilities in the Department of chloro-(CAS) 2-chloropropane, n-butyric Chemistry. D7acid were observed to be in moderate We gratefully acknowledge the quantities with the peak area ranging from timely help offered by L. Rakesh Sharma 20 to21%. The following compounds 1, 2- and S. Saraswathi doing the GCMS studies benzenedicarboxylic acid, phthalic acid, at the Ampigen Laboratories, Tanjavur- butyl ester, di isobutyl benzene – 1, 2 – 613501, Tamilnadu, India. dicarboxylate, hydrazine, hexadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, octadecanoic acid, strearic REFERENCES acid, 3, 4 – hexanediol, tetradecanoic acid, myristic acid, decanoic acid, capric acid, 1- 1. The Wealth of India, “A dictionary of Indian propanamine, n-propylamine, formamide, raw materials and industrials products, Raw nonane, 3-bromodecane, 4-heptane were materials” 1991, Vol – 7, N – Pe, pp.282. quatified to be in lower amounts with the Page 349 American Journal of Ethnomedicine ________________________________________ ISSN: 2348-9502 2. Bur Kill, H.M,”The Useful Plants of western 10. Evans W C, Trease and Evans, tropical, Africa”, 1985, Vol – 4. Pharmacology, 15th Edition, Reed Elsevier 3. Ramamoorthy J, Venkatramanan S, Meena India Pvt Ltd., New Delhi, 2006. R, Satkar Prasad and Devi A.P, 11. Harbone J B, A Guide to Modern “Phytochemical investigation of pavetta Techniques of Plant Analysis, 3rd Edition, indica”, Indian Journal of Chemical Kluwer Academic Publisher
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