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AUSTRAliAN· PRISDNIRS 1990

Results of the NATIONAL CENSUS 30 1990 itt; ;lli 't 'll;;t~ l] June .. 1-1.' •••. T t I-t" ••

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Results of the NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30 JUNE 1990

132693 U.S. Department 01 Jusllce Nallanallnstllute 01 Justice This document has been reproduced exactly !,S received from the person or organization originating it. Points of vIew or opinions stat~d In this document are those 01 the authors and do not nec~ssa"ly represent the official position or policies of the National InstItute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this copyrighted material in mi­ crofiche only has been granted by Australian Tnstitute of

,..,..j rinolocm ' to the National Crlmlnai justice Aeference Service (NCJRS).

Further reproduction outside of the NCJAS system requires permis­ sion of the copyright owner.

JOHN WALKER assisted by

Jennife~ Hallinan

AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF CRIMINOLOGY First published 1991 by Australian Institute cd" C.irninology 'The Criminology Building 4 Marros Clame Street, Canberra ACT 2600

©Australian Institute of Criminology 1991

'lhl1 book is copyrighL Apart from any fair dealings for the purpose of private study, research, criticism or review, as pennitted under the Copyrigh/ Act, no part may be reproduced by any process without written pennission. Inquiries should be made to the publisher.

ISSN0813-2364

ISBN 0 642 16258 I FOREWORD

This is the report of the ninth annual National Prison Census. It was conducted on the night of 30 June 1990 and included aU persons, convicted and uilconvicted, held in adult correctional institutions in all Australian jurisdictions.

The tables contained in this report are largely compatible with those in the previous Census repOlis as, wherever possible, the same definitions, counting rules and tabulations have been used. The data collection form used in 1990 is identical to that us~d since 1987.

The data collection Wll!; c

Angela Goeta and Simon Eyland (New South Wales) Rob Eldridge, Darryl Coulthard and John Kempermnn (Victoria) BUt MUler (Queensland) Teresa Cunningham and Anne-Marie Langdon () Leigh Roeger () BUt Harvey (Tasmania) Allan van Zyl and Tma S!lcea (Northern Territory) Louise Gell (Australian Capital Territory)

May I express my sincere appreciation to these contributors for their c

John Walker.

April 1991 CONTENTS

FOREWORD ...... iii EXPLANATORY NOTES 1. Date and Coverage of the Census ...... 1 2. Sources of Information ...... 1 3. Jurisdiction of Custody ...... 1 4. Age of Prisoner ...... 1 5. Aboriginality ...... 1 6. Location of Last Known Address ...... 3 7. Marital StatllS at Reception ...... 3 8. Known Employment Status at Tune of Arrest/Charge for Current Episode ...... 3 9. Known Highest Level of Education ...... 3 10. Date of Most Recent Reception - The Current Episode ...... 3 11. Most Serious Offence/Charge ...... 3 12. Federal Offence/Charge ...... 3 13. Level of Court ...... 5 14. State/ferritory of Court of Sentence or Most Recent Remand in Custody ...... 5 15. Legal Status of Prisoner ...... 5 16. Drug/Alcohol Involvement in Offences/Charges ...... ;; 17. Aggregate Sentence ...... 5 18. Type of Sentence (for Aggregate Sentence) ...... 5 19. Method of Calculation of Earliest Date of Release and Actual Expected Sentence ...... 6 20. Current Security Classification of Prisoner ...... 6 21. Comparisons with other Prison Statistics ...... 7 22. Flow Statistics, Monthly Averages and ICensus Summary Statistics ...... 7 THE srnUCI'URE OF THE REPORr ...... 10 ACCESS TO ADDmONAL TABULA.T10NS ...... 10 PARr A • SUMMARY TABLES BY SEX AND JURISDICTION Table 1 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex, Institution and Security Clas.~ification ...... 13 2 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Age. (a) Numbers ...... 17 (b) Percentages by Age ...... 18 (c) Ratios of Prisoners per 100,000 Population ...... 20 3 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and AboriginaUty (a) Numbers ...... 22 (b) Percentages by Aboriginality ...... ,...... 22 (c) Ratios of Prisoners per 100,000 Population by Aboriginality ...... 23 4 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and State/Country of Birth (a) Numbers ...... 24 (b) Percentages by State/Country of Birth ...... 25 5 Number and Percentage of PrisoneIS by Jurisdiction, Sex and Location of Last Known Address...... " ...... 26 6 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Marital Status at Reception (a) NumbeIS ...... 30 (b) Percentages by Marital Status ...... 30 7 Numb~r of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Known Employment Status at Arrest/Charge (a) NumbeIS ...... ".31 (b) Percentages by Employment Status ...... 31 8 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Known Highest Level of Education (a) NumbeIS ...... 32 (b) Percentages by Level of Education ...... 33 9 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, s.:x and Known Prior Adult Imprisonment Under Sentence (a) NumbeIS ...... 34 (b) Percentages by Prior Imprisonment ...... 34

v NATIONAL PRl"ON CENSUS 30.6.1990

10 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Legal Status of Prisoner (a) Numbers ...... 35 (b) Percentages by Legal Status ...... 36 11 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Level of Court of Sentence or Most Recent Remand (a) Numbers ...... 38 (b) Percentages by Level of Court ...... 38 12 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Most Serious Offence/Charge (a) Numbers ...... 39 (b) Percentages by Most Serious Offence/Charge ...... 41 (c) Sex-Specifie Ratios of Prisoners per 100,000 Population by Jurisdiction, Sex and Most Serious Offence/Charge ...... 44 13 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Federal Offender Status (a) Numbers ...... 46 (b) Percentages by Federal Offender Status ...... 46 1.4 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Known A1cohol/Drug Involvement in Offences/Charges (a) Numbers ...... 47 (b) Percentages by Alcohol/Drug Involvement ...... 48 15 Number of Sentenced Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Type of Sentence. (a) Numbers ...... 49 (b) Percentages by Type of Sentence ...... 50 16 Number of Sentenced Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Aggregate Sentence (a) Numbers ...... 51 (b) Percentages by Aggregate Sentence ...... 52 17 Number of Sentenced Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Time Already Served in Current Episode (a) Numbers ...... 53 (b) Percentages by Time Already Served ...... 54 18 Number of Sentenced Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Actual Time Expected to Serve ;n Prison (a) Numbers ...... 55 (b) Percentages by Time Expected to Serve ...... 56 19 Number of Prisoners by Jurisdiction, Sex and Original Jurisdiction of Sentence or Remand in CustOdy Order (a) Numbers ...... 57 (b) Percentages by Jurisdiction of Sentence/Remand ...... 58 20 Number of Remandees by Jurisdiction, Sex and Time Already Served on Remand (a) Numbers ...... 59 (b) Percentages by Time Served ...... 59

PART B - CROSSTABUlATIONS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE - AUSTRALIA Table 21.(a) Number of Prisoners by Most Serious Offence/Cbarge, Age and Sex - Australia ...... 62 21.(b) Prisoners by Most Serious Offence/Charge, - Percentages by Age and Sex - Australia ...... 64 21.(c) Age and Sex-Specific Ratios of Prisoners Per 100,000 Population by Most Serious Offence/Charge - Australia ...... 66 22 Number and Percentage of Prisoners by Most Serious Offence/Charge and Aboriginality - Australia ...... 68 22.(a) Ratios of Prisoners per 100,000 Population by Most Serious Offence/Charge and Aboriginality - Australia ...... 68 23 Number and Percentage of Prisoners by Most Serious Offence/Charge and Known Prior Imprisonment Under Sentence - Australia ...... 69 24 Number of Prisoners by Most Serious Offence and l.egal Status of Prisoner - Australia (a) Numbers ...... 70 (b) Percentages by Legal Statu5 ...... 70 25 Number of Prisoners by Most Serious Offence/Charge and Level of Court of Sentence or Most Recent Remand - Australia (a) Numbers ...... 71 (b) Percentages by Level of Court ...... 71 26 Number and Percentage of Prisoners by Most Serious Offence/Charge and Federal Offender Status - Australia ...... 72 27 Number of Remandees by Most Serious Charge and Time Already Served on Remand - Australia (a) Numbers ...... 73 (b) Percentages by Time Served ...... 73

vi NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

28 Number of Sentenced Prisoners by Most Serious Offence and Type of Sentence - Australia (a) Numbers...... 74 (b) Percentages by Type of Sentence ...... " ...... ;.1 29 Number of Sentenced Prisoners by Most Serious Offence and Aggregate Sentence - Australia (a) Numbers ...... 75 (b) Percentages by Aggregate Sentence ...... 75 30 Number of Sentenced Prisoners by Most Serious Offence and Actual Time Expected to Serve in Prison - Australia (a) Numbers...... 76 (b) Percentages by Expected Tune to Serve...... 76 31 Number of Sentenced Federal Offenders by Most Serious Offence and Aggregate Sentence - Australia (a) Numbers ...... 77 (b) Percentages by Aggregate Sentence...... 77

PARI' C - INTERSI'ATE COMPARISONS OF LEGAL STATUS AND SENTENCE LENGTH Table 32 Number of Prisoners by Most Serious Offence/Cbarge, Legal Status and Jurisdiction ...... 80 32.(a) Number of Aboriginal Prisoners by Most Serious Offence/Cbarge, Legal Status and Jurisdiction ...... 83 33 Number of Sentenced Prisoners by Most Serious Offence, Aggregate Sentence and Jurisdiction ...... 86 33.(a) Number of Aboriginal Sentenced Prisoners by Most Serious Offence, Aggregate Sentence and Jurisdiction ...... 39 34 Number of Sentenced Prisoners by Most Serious Offence, Actual Expected Sentence and Jurisdiction ...... 92 34.(a) Number of Aboriginal Se.1tenced Prisoners by Most Serious Offence, Actual Expected Sentence and Jurisdiction ...... 95 35 Sentenced Prisoners by Most Serious Offence and Jurisdiction, Average Tune Expected to Serve ...... 98 35.(a) Aboriginal Sentenced Prisoners by Most Serious Offence and Jurisdiction, Average Time R

APPENDICES 1 Data collection Form ...... 101 2 Total Population of Imprisonable Age at 30.6.90, by Jurisdiction, Sex and Age ...... """.... """...... ""...... " ...... 103 3 Aboriginal Population of Imprisonable Age at 30.6.86, by Jurisdiction and Sex .. " ...... " ...... ,..... 104

FIGURES 1 Map of Australian Correctional Establishments Covered by the Census ...... 2 2 Australiar National Classification of Offences ...... ,...... 4 3 Changes in Offence SpecifiC Rates of Imprisonment - Australia 1982-90 ...... , .... ,...... , ...... 9 4 Percentage of Prisoners by Age ...... 19 5 Age-Specific Ratios per 100,000 Population by Jurisdiction, June 1988-June 1990 ...... 21 6 Ratios of Prisoners per 100,000 Population by Jurisdiction and Aboriginality...... 23 7 Percentage of Prisoners by Legal Status ...... " ...... 37 8 Percelltage of Prisoners by Most Serious Offence ...... 43

vii EXPLANATORY NOTES

The information collected in the census was of three basic types: i. General information on the demographic and :;odal charncteristics of the prisoners; ii. Information on the 1~ga1 ~tatus of the prisoners, including the nature of the offence(s) or charge(s) for which the person Is in prison; ill. For prisoners actually serving a scntenre, details of the sentence(s) being scrved.

The design of the basic data collection form (see Appendix 1) reflected these three areas. The selection and formulation of the items on the data collection form was largely determined by the potential value of the infom18tion, but was to some degree affected by the aoility of some jurisdictioru: to obtain the information, and the difficulty involved in achieving compatibility between responses. The results have been tabulated in such a way as to maximise, wherever possible, compatibility with other sources of data - in particular the five-yearly censuses of population and housing conducted by the Austrnlian Bureau of Statistics, the various publications on crime and justice Issues from the statl) offices of the ABS, and those of the corrections departments tbemselves.

Most of the variables presented in this report are self explanatory. However, as with any collection of statistics covering a rnnge of jurisdictions there have been problems of definition, where data from one jurisdiction cannot be directly equated with the equivalent item from another jurisdiction, either because of different legislation, or different adminlstrntive recording prnctices. While efforts have been made to attain maximum comparability between jurisdictions, some differences T.Cl>lain. These differences, together with some points of definition, are outlined below.

Note tbat where statistics have been roumled, such as in tbe presentation of percentage totals, any discrepancies between sums of the component items and total!; ,~re due to rounding. 1. Date and Coverage of the Census The census related to aU persons on remand or serving sentences at any gazetted prison for adult offenders, opernted or administered by State/Territory correctional agencies, at midnight on 30 June 1990, and included persons tempornrily absent from sucb estab.lishments (e.g. prisonel. in hospitals, on various forms of leave, away on work release or persons setving periods of periodic detention) except for persons on pre-dlscharge leave in Victoria. Weekend detainees in New South Wales wbo were in custody the we~kend prior to the census date were counted. Persons serving Home Detention Orders were nol counted this year, as tbey are now included in the counts of community based corrections. (This principaUy affects Queensland data when comparisons are made with last year's Prison Census figures). Institutions for juvenile orfenders were specifically excluded from tbe census. Persons beld in the Wacol Security Patients' Hospital in Queensland, some of whom are technically under the control of the correctional authority, are included. A map sbowing the locations of all institutions covered by tbe census is included as Figure 1. 2. Sources of Information

Most of the information for the censns was obtained from existing records, whicb in some jurisdictions were computer.sed. Information not on record was, wbere feasible, collected specificaUy for the census by individual intetview of prisoners. Where reliable information was not available, for example sentence and parole details for sentenced prisoners recently taken into custody, it was recorded as not known. In severnl jurisdictIons, modified data collection forms were used, and prison staff were asked to 'write in' answers in complex areas such as the determination of most serious offences, aggregate sentence and earliest date of release; tbeir answers were then coded into the standard form by head office personnel, thereby ensuring a high level of reliability in these areas. 3. Jurisdiction of Custody

All priscners included in ihe census were recorded according to tbe jurisdiction in which tbey were in custody regardless of the jurisdiction that imposed tbe sentence. Thus AC.T. prisoners setving sentences in New Soutb Wales are included in the N.S.W. figures. For this reason the statistics presented in this report are not directly comparnble with the statistics given in tbe Australian Institute of Criminology monthly publication, Austrnlian Prison Trends. 4. Age of Prisoner

The date of birtb of tbe prisoner was used to calculate the prisoner's age at census date. This was regarded as a more appropriate measure in the context of prisoner stock statistics than age at reception. The tabulations of this variable therefore show the age­ Slroclllre of the prison populations as at 30 June 1990. The age at whicb persons normally become liable to impllsonment in an adult prison varies from State to State, being seventeen years in Victoria, Queensland, Tasmania and Northern Territory, and eighteen years in the other jurisdictions although younger persons wbo have been convicted of a particularly serious offence may also be sent to adult . Persons in juvenile institutions were specifically excluded from this census. Tables showing rntes of imprisonment are calculated using the relevant population aged 17 and over. 5. Aboriginality

Where the information was obtained by intctview tbe prisoners were asked to state t)1e rndal origin group to which they considered themselves to belong. Information obtained from prison records was recorded 'as stated' in those records. The method of detennining Aboriginality for prison record purposes may not necessarily be consistent between, or even within, jurisdictions. Darwin GUI'n Point Prison Farm Beatrice Hill ~ 0 "'l Gioote EYIIUl.cDdt pouJ Prison 1; rn Katherine Pollce Prison ~ J ..., ~ ~ (j . 0 Tennant Creek ~ ~ ::l 9 0 , QUEENSLAND 0 ~ Alice Springe Prbon i . _ .. _ Z .." ~"'l C!en '" Boration t"l- 0 Woodford rnc:l z WESTERN AUSTRALIA Palen Creek Wacol ~~ ~ Numinbah S:; .. c::en SOUTH AUSTRALIA Brisbane Womens rn en Moreton w p ~ C\ ;...... -Greenough '" r § 0'" Eastern Goldfields (j ~ ~ 0 YataIa ~ James Nash House ..., Canning Vale Northfield C.W.Campbell Remand Centre t"l Emu Plains = East Police Gaol Adelaide Remand Centre (j Silverwater Freemantle MobUong t"l Parkle .. Z rn Pentridge Windsor Bandyup St Hellers ~ Metropolitan RecepUon Fairlea Campbelltown Melbourne Remand Centre Mulawa m Merinda Norma Parker Centre Special Purpose Priso NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

6. Location of Last Known Address

Addresses were initially coded to Local Government or Postcode Area level within Ihe reporting State, or to State level if within another Australian State. Separate categories were usLd for persons whose last knnwn addresses were outside Australia, persons known to have no fixed address, and those whose address was not stated. Addresses within the reporting state were aggregated to Statistical Division level for tabulation in this report. For definitions of the boundaries of Statistical Divisions refer to the ABS publication '1986 Census of Population and Housing - Geographic Code List' (Catalogue Number 2188.0). Where the original data were Postcodes the aggregation to Statistical Divisions was assisted by a special listing of Postcodes to Statistical Divisions provided by the Australian Burellu of Statistics. 7. Marital Status at Reception

The actual, not necessarily legal, marital status was recorded, with defacto relationships includcd in the married category. 8. Known Emplo)ment Status at Time of Arrest/Charge for Current Episode

The 'employed' category Includes those self-employed; pensioners are included in 'other'. No data were available for prisoners in New South Wales. 9. Known Highest Level of Education

In all jurisdictions this item is coded 'as recorded'. It is not known to what extent the data include qualifications gained since reception. No data were available for New South Wales. No distinction is made in Western Australia between levels less than three years secondary education. As a result prisoners with less than three years' secondary education are coded as having no formal education. 10. Date of Most Recent Reception. The Current Episode

The date of reception is the date most recently received into a gazetted prison in the current jurisdiction, regardless of legal status changes since that date and regardless of any authorised temporary leaves of absence. Thus a prisoner having escaped or been released on parole which was subsequently revoked is counted from the date of reception after the prisoner's period at large. The time between the date of reception and the census date is therefore referred to as the current episode, although for some prisoners their most serious offence and sentence information may relate to a period commencing prior to this episode. 11. Most Serious Offence/Charge

Except in Tasmania,If the prisoner has been sentenced for one or more offences then the most serious offence is the offence for which the prisoner has received the longest sentence in this episode for a single count, regardless of the possible result of any appeals, and regardless of whether the sentence for that offence has actually expired at census date. In Tasmania, the most serious offence is the offence for which the prisoner has received the longest ~ sentence in this episode for all counts of that offence. WlIere sentences are equal, the offence with the lowest A."iCO code (see Figure 2) is selected. Caution should be exercised in comparing offence codes between jurisdictions as lhey are not necessarily interpreted uniformly. 'Life' sentences followed by 'Governor's Pleasure' orders (or 'forensic patient' orders) are rcgarded as longer than any other. Only those offences for which sentences have been passed are counted. Note that the Australian Bureau of Statistics 'A."iCO' coding has been adopted this year in most jurisdictions in preference to the draft coding system used previously. At the two-digit level, however, which is the level at which the data are tabulated in this report few changes will be apparent.

Except in N.S. W. and the A.C.T., if the prisoner is unsentenced, whether convicted or not, the most serious offence is the charge which carries the longest statutory maximum penally. Equal penalties are resolved in the same manner as before, using ANCO • In N.S.W. and the A.C.T. the lowest ANCO code was selected whenever no sentence has been passed. If the prisoner has been convicted, then only those offences for which convictions have been recorded are counted. In Western Australia, sentences commenced prior to an escape of breach of parole are not counted, but the escape/breach is itself counted as an offence.

An illustration of how complex the determination of most serious offence can be is shown below. This is a hypothetical (but not atypical) case.

The prisoner was received on remand 5/1/86 on 3 counts of Break, Enter and Stealing (B.E.S.) and Larceny of a Motor Vehicle (L.M/V.). Sentenced on 28/1/86 to 2 years for B.E.S. and 1 year concurrent for L.M/V. with non-parole period (N.P.P.) to expire 30/11/86. On '23/3/86 further sentenced to 4 years for Armed Robbery to commence from 23/3/86, new N.P.P, to expire '23/3/88. Released on parole on '23/3/88 the prisoner was revoked on 30/3/88 and returned to prison on 15/4/88. A further charge of L.M/V. was heard on 25/4/88 and the prisoner was sentenced to 6 months from that date. The prisoner was re-paroled on 1/11/88. 'The prisoner was again revoked on 1/2/90 following arrest for assault. A sentence of 3 years was passed on 20/3/90 to date from 1/2/90, N.P.P. to expire on 1/2/91.

Most Serious Offence would be recorded as Anned Robbery (4 years) in all jurisdictions except Western Australia, where the assault would be recorded since the 3 year sentence is longer than the period remaining to be served for the parole breaches (22 months). 12. Federal Offence/Charge

Federal Offences are offences against Commonwealth Legislation. They are most commonly offences related to prohibited importations such as illegal drugs, offences involving fraud or forgery, and offences against Commonwealth property or involving injury to Commonwealth officers. Persons imprisoned for such offences are generally held in the State or Territory of the sentencing court. Determining whether or not an offence is a federal offence can be quite difficult and prison records are frequently vague on this question, particularly while the court has not finalised the matter. For this reason the question was phrased 'Is any offence known to be a federal offence?'. This may have resulted in some undercounting of federal prisoners, particularly remandees.

3 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

FIGURE 2 • AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF OFFENCES Offences Against the Person Offences Against Good Order

11 HOMICIDE 51 OFFENCES AGAINST GOVERNMENT SECURITY 111 Murder 511 Offences Against Government Security 112 Attempted Murder and Operations 113 Conspiracy to Murder 114 Manslaughter (excluding by driving) 52·54 OFFENCES AGAlNST JUSTICE PROCEDURES 115 Driving Causing Death 521 Breach of Maintenancl! Order 119 Homicide, Unspecified 523 Breach, Other Family Court Order 524 Contempt of Court, Other 12 ASSAULTS (EXCLUDING SEXUAL ASSAULTS) 525 Pervert Course of Justice, Perjury 121 Assault Occasioning Grievous Bodily Harm 526 Breach, C.S.O 122 Assault Occasioning Actual Bodily Harm 527 Breach, Other Community Based Order 129 Other Assault 528 Escape from Custody 529 Periodic Detainee, Fail to Report 13 SEXUAI,ASSAULTS AND OFFENCES 533 Resist, Hinder Police 136 Sexual Assault 534 Conspiracy, (Offence Unspecified) 137 Sexual Offences (consent proscribed) 549 Other Against Justice Procedures 139 Other Sexual Offences 55 UNLAWFUL POSSESSION/USE OF WEAPONS 19 OTHER OFFENCES AGAINST THE PERSON 551 Unlawful Possession/Use Firearm 191 Kidnapping and Abduction 552 Unlawful PO"session/Use, Bomb 192 Itttreatment of Children 558 Unlawful Possession/Use, Other Weapon 193 Highjacking/Endangering Life 559 Possession/Use, Weapon, Other 198 Defamation/Libel 199 Other Against Person 57-59 OTHER OFFENCES AGAINST GOOD ORDER 571 Child Pornography Robbery and Extortion 572 Censorship 591 Liquor and Licensing Offences 21·22 ROBBERY/EXTORTION 592 Betting and Gaming Offences 211 Armed Robbery 593 Trespassing and Vagrancy 212 Other Robbery 594 Consorting 221 Extortion 5~5 Prostitution and Related Offences 596 Offences Involving Drunkenness Property Offences 599 Other Offences against Good Order

31 BREAKING AND ENTERING Drug Offences 311 Breaking and Entering - Dwellings 312 Breaking and Entering - Shops 61 POSSESSION/USE ILLEGAL DRUGS 318 Breaking and Entering - Other and Unspecified 613-6 Possession/Use, Narcotics 617 Possession/Usc, Cannabis,A11 Forms 32 FRAUD AND MISAPPROPRIATION 618 PossessionjUse, Other Specified drugs 321 Fraud, Forgery and False Pretences 619 Possession/Usc, Unspecified Drugs 322 Misappropriation 323 Counterfeiting 64-65 DBAL/TRAFFICK ILLEGAL DRUGS 643-6 Import/Export, Narcotics 33 RECEMNG AND UNLAWFUL POSSESSION OF 647·9 Imp/Exp, Cann./Other/Unspec. STOLEN GOODS 653-6 Deal/Traffic, Narcotics 331 Receiving 657·9 DealjTraffic, Cann./Other/Unspec. 332 Unlawful Possession of Stolen Goods 339 Handling Stolen Goods n.e.!. 66-69 MANUFAcruRE/GROW ILLEGAL DRUGS 663-6 Manufacture/Grow, Narcotics 35·39 OTHER THEFT 667-9 Manufacture/Grow, Cann./Other/Unspec. 351 Motor Vehicle Theft/lttegal Use 699 Other Drug Offences 352 Bicycle Theft/lttegal Use 353 Boat Theft/Illegal Use Motor Vehicle, Traffic and Related Offences 354 Aircraft Theft/lttegal Use 358 Other Vehicle Theft/lttegal Use 71·72 DR1VING OFFENCES 359 Unspecified Vehicle/Illegal Use 711 Drink Driving Offences 391 Stealing from the Person 724 Dangerous/Reckless Driving 392 Stock Theft 725 Negligent Driving 393 Shoplifting 399 Other Theft 73-75 LICENCE/REGIsrRATION OFFENCES 732 Driving, Licence Susp/Cancelled 41 PROPERTY DAMAGE 733 Driving Without Licence 411 Arson (person not therein) 739 Other Driving Licence Offences 419 Other Property Damage 749 Traffic Offences, Exc. Parking 751 Registration Offences, Incl. TIl 42 ENVIRONMENTAL OFFENCES 752 Rondworthiness Certificate Offences 421 Pollution 423 Flora and Fauna 79 OTHER TRAFFIC OFFENCES 429 Other Environmental Offences 791 Parking 799 Other Motor Vehicle Offences Other Offences

81-88 OTHER OFFENCES 89 OFFENCES IN CUSTODY

4 NATIONAL PIUSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

13. Level of Court

The niles adopted for coding the Level of Court were: i. Where an episode comprises orders/sentences of various levels of court, select the level of court appropriate to the most serious offence/charge. iI. Appeal Courts should be recorded only where courts have altered the length of sentence appropriate to the most serious offence/charge. iii. For prisoners not under sentence, select the level of court at which most recently remanded in custody. Prisoners held und;:.r Department of Immigration supervision are coded as 'other'. 14. State/Territory of Court of Sentence or Most Recent Remand In Custody

Legislation has been passed in recent years enabling prisoners sentenced or remanded in one jurisdiction to serve their period in custody in another jurisdiction, usually for reasons of proximity to family. Also, because of lack of suitable accommodation, sentenced prisoners from the A.C.T. have traditionally been housed in New South Wales prisons and some violent offenders sentenced prior to 1978 from the Northern Territory are housed in South Australia. 15. Legal Status of Prisoner

At Census date, the prisoner may be awaiting deportation, awaiting trial or verdict, convicted but awaiting sentence, detained as unfit to plead, under sentence, or awaiting the results of appeal. There are also several possibilities of dual status (e.g. under sentence for some offences and awaiting appeal results for others, under sentence and awaiting deportation, etc.) The counting rules were as follows:

I. If the prisoner is convicted of any offence then this takes precedence over any other offence(s) foe which the prisoner may be on remand or held for deportntion or as unfit to plead. Thus someone convicted on traffic Charges but also awaiting trial for homicide is counted as a traffic offender. The prisoner's status may be convicted awaiting sentence, under sentence no appeal current, or under sentence awaiting appeal, but cannot be unconvicted even though the charge of homicide is more serious, ii. If the convicted prisoner has been sentenced for any offence then this takes precedence over any other offcnce(s) for which the prisoner mayor may not be convicted. Thus someone sentencr.d for traffic offences and convicted, but not yet sentenced, for homicide is again counted as a traffic offender. The prisoner's status must be under sentence no appeal current, or under sentence awaiting appeal. iii. If the sentenced prisoner has appealed against ALL of the prisoner's sentences then the prisoner is counted as under sentence awaiting determination of appeal. If any sentence is uncontested then this takes precedence over any offence(s) for which appeals are in progress. (Note: it is not certain that this distinction was well understood by ail data coders, and it is possible that some prisoners have been coded 'under sentence awaiting appeal' when they should have been coded 'under sentence no appeal current'.) 16. Drug/Alcohol Involvement i.u Offences/Charges

Two issues are pursued in this set of questior.s:

i. Were any offences, for which the prisoner is currently in prison, Imown to have been committed while under the influence of intoxicating substances (i.e. alcohol, illegal drugs, other substances). ii. Were any offences, for which the prisoner L~ currently in prison, Imown to have been committed to support a habit of substance abuse.

New South Wales, Western Australia, and South Austrdlia were unable to supply data. Victorinn data refcr only to persons =eived during the year 1989·90 with a sentence of at least six months, and refer only to the influence of alcohol on the commission of the offence. Reader:; are cautioned not to interpret the data in this table e~ necessarily complete or representative of other jurisdictions. 17. Aggregate Sentence

This item is the longest period that the person may be detained under sentence in the current episode. Charges pending which are likely to extend the current episode are ignored. Time served prior to any escape is included in all jurisdictions, and time served prior to a breach of parole is included in all jurisdictions except in Western Australia. The heading 'Governors Pleasure' includes prisoners in NSW known as Forensic Patients. 18. Type of Sentence (for Aggregate Sentence)

For prisoners with multiple sentences, the Typa of Sentellce is determined by the cumulative effect of all sentences imposed. 'Subject to Ministerial/Administrative Decision' includes unsent"nced prisoners subject to deportntion orders. 'Indefinite' refcrs to all sentences where a maximum term is specified and a minimum term or non·parole period is also set. The actual sentence to be served lies between these limits and is therefore described as 'Indefinite'. The heading 'Governors Pleasure' includes prisoners in NSW known as Forensic Patients.

5 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

19. Method of Calculation of Earliest Date of Release and Actual Expected Sentence

The period of imprisonment which a convicted prisoner actually serves depends upon the sentence(s) originally handed down, the system of remissions and the forms of parole awilable in the various jurisdictions. The Actual Expected Sentence is defined as the time elapsed between the Date of Reception for this episode and the Earliest Date of Release (as defined below). No account has been taken of time selVed prior to any escape or oth~r breach of conditions so care must be taken in interpreting tables involving these variables.11le rules governing date of release are complex and differ from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Calculations of Earliest Date or Release in the wrious jurisdictions were made as follows:

New South Wales

The Sentencing Act (1989) changed the way in which dates of release are calculated in New South Wales compured to previous years. They are now calculated as follows:

i. The court will first fix a minimum term that the prisoner must selVe in prison, the expiry date of the minimum term will therefore be the earliest date of release. ii. The court will then fix an additional term during which the pruoner may be released on parole. iii. Where no additional term is set, the minimum term is known as a fixed term of imprisonme,q(. iv. Sentences of six months or less must be fIXed temlS of imprisonment. v. Those prisoners with, sentences of three years or less will be released on parole as soon as they become eligible; those with sentences greater than three years may be released to parole by the Offenders Review Board any time after the minimum term of imprisonment expires. vi. A prisoner's minimum term of imprisonment may be increased by a Visiting Justice (Magistrate) by up to 28 days for each breach of discipline.

Note also that the New South Wales data on earli ..t date of release supplied for the 1989 National Prison Census appear to have been wrongly calculated. This year's data are, however, comparable with those of 1988 and earlier.

Victoria

Calculation is based on the 'erfective' sentence minus one-third; the erfective sentence being the minimum sentence, if one bas been imposed, otherwise the fIXed term. Time spent in detention prior to the commencement of tbe sentence counis toward the actual sentence and is subject to remissions at the normal rate - i.e. one-third orf.

Queensland

i. Sentences of less than 2 months - mandatory full-time date less any Special Remissions grailted. ii. Sentences of 2 months and upward - mandatory full-time date less maximum remissions including Overta

Western Australia

i. Where no minimum sentence is specified - use total erfective sentence minus one-third (two thirds time date), less any special time off granted by the Executive Director at Census date. ii. Where a minimum sentence has been specified - use minimum sentence less remission at the rate of three days per calendar month selVed (i.e. the Earliest Eligibility Date (EED) as presently calculated). If this date is already passed and parole was denied use the next Review date or 2/3 time date whichever comes first.

South Australia

i. Sentences under 3 months - aggregate sentence less any special time off granted by the Executive Director at Census date. ii. Sentence 3 months or more - aggregate sentence less one-third remission and less any special time off granted by the Executive Director at Census date.

Tasmania

Calculation is based on the totality of sentence liable to be selVed, minus one-third, but shall not operate so as to reduce the sentence below three months.

Northern Territory

Non-parole expiry date, release with remission for sentences in excess of 28 days, suspended sentence release date or fIXed release date for terms under 28 days.

Australian Capital Territory

Not applicable - no prisoners under sentence. 20. Current Security Classification of Prisoner

The various jurisdictions use differing rules for the classification of prisoners, to the extent that the temlS Maximllm, Medium and Minimum may have different meanings from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. They are, however, at least broadly comparable.

6 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

21. Comparisons with other Prison Statistics

It is important to realise that these statistics relate only to a point in time, that is, midnight on 30 June 1990. Since prison populations tend to be in a state of continual flux with new arrivals and departures being daily occurrences, many published figures are of the 'daily average' type. Some comparisons can be seen in the figures published monthly by the Australian Institute of Criminology, from data supplied by the State corrections departments, under the title Australian Prison Trends.

The precise time of the census is of particular importance in understanding apparent discrepancies between Prison Census figures and those resulting from other types of counts. The Australian Prison Trends publications differ also in the counting rules adopted with respect to prisoners serving sentences outside the prison walls, for example on various forms of work release, and record prisoners by sentencing jurisdiction rather than actual location. Thus, Australian Prison Trends each month records the number of Australian Capital Territo!), prisoners held in New South Wales prisons, but New South Wales periodic detainees are counted in the Census and not in Australian Prison Trends.

Because of different counting rules, disparities may be found between figures in this publication and those produced by corrections departments. Care should be taken to ensure that like is being compared with like. 22. Flow Statistics, Monthly Averages and Census Summary Statistics

Tables A and B compiled from Australian Prisons Trends data, show the monthly trends in prisoner numbers since the previous census. Table C summarises the total prisoner numbers by jurisdiction, sex and legal status at Census night 1990.

The flow of sentenced prisoners in Australia was somewhat higher in 1989-90 than had been the case in 1988-89, due mainly to a high level of receptions in New South Wales and Western Australia. Queensland prisoner receptions actually reduced during the year, while others remained fairly stable.

TABLE A - SENTENCED PRISONERS RECEIVED DURING 1989·90

JUL AUG SEP ocr NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN

NSW 520 646 517 512 493 408 385 554 611 536 620 652

VIC 182 162 166 173 164 111 114 162 190 185 200 164

QLD 306 411 347 259 227 188 319 238 268 227 213 nla

\VA nla nla 405 403 461 368 472 455 524 453 554 522

SA 285 294 275 261 249 251 271 236 213 147 177 214

TAS 58 50 52 62 61 44 37 78 50 44 63 44

NT 67 73 96 109 119 97 93 146 122 94 80 84

Acr

AUS nla nla 1858 1779 1774 1467 1691 1869 1978 1686 1907 nla

7 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

TABLE B • DAILY AVERAGE NUMBER OF PRISONERS JULY 89 • JUNE 90

Nat. Nat. Prison Prison Census Census Jun89 Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jun 90

M 4972 4404 4400 4433 4523 4557 4587 4612 4649 4782 4881 4907 5007 5981 NSW' F 289 252 253 259 265 275 277 279 288 302 301 319 325 38S T 5261 4656 4653 4692 4788 4832 4864 4891 4937 5084 5182 5226 5332 6366

M 2128 2150 2188 2182 2185 21B1 2129 2108 2137 2143 2149 2166 2162 2191 VIC F 128 130 138 141 142 135 124 125 134 135 134 136 136 125 T 2256 2280 2326 2323 2327 2316 2253 2233 2271 2278 2283 2302 2298 2316

M 2271 2232 2230 2219 2177 2194 2145 2096 2114 2153 2194 2168 2108 2195 QLD F 119 112 108 101 99 100 96 87 75 89 98 101 98 101 T 2390 2344 2338 2320 2276 2294 2241 2183 2189 2242 2292 2269 2206 2296

M 1477 1465 1490 1504 1499 1527 1531 1568 1585 1585 1604 1648 1691 1621 WA F 91 89 84 86 86 91 89 92 95 112 112 119 113 99 T 1568 1554 1574 1590 1585 1618 1620 1660 1680 1697 1716 1767 1804 1720

M 831 830 837 841 829 839 851 832 836 845 883 886 884 883 SA F 40 45 40 40 40 42 39 37 36 39 39 44 52 48 T 871 875 877 881 869 881 1190 869 872 884 922 930 936 931

M 236 240 245 235 235 244 226 214 218 210 210 218 220 227 TAS F 9 678 7 9 8 B 7 9 8 8 9 10 T 245 246 252 243 242 2S3 234 222 225 219 218 226 229 237

M 348 352 351 347 358 361 350 346 373 402 409 404 399 410 NT F 3 467 8 6 6 7 9 9 8 6 4 5 T 351 356 357 354 366 367 356 353 382 411 417 410 403 415

M 21 87 88 88 94 96 93 91 90 94 105 104 107 19 ACT F 1 665 5 4 654 4 6 875 T 22 93 94 93 99 100 99 96 94 98 111 112 114 24

M 12284 11760 11829 11849 11900 11999 11912 11867 12002 12214 12435 12501 12579 13527 ~ F ~ ~ ~ w m _ 00 ~ ~ _ D m ~ m T 12964 12404 12471 12496 12552 12661 12557 12507 12650 12913 13141 13242 13323 14305 'Dailyaverages for NSW do not include Periodic Detention Prisoners.

TABLE C • SUMMARY STATISTICS FROM THE 1990 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS

NSW VIC QLD WA SA TAS NT ACT TOTAL

M 5201 1853 2006 1449 682 195 346 11732 Sentenced F 316 101 88 90 32 9 3 639 T 5517 1954 2094 1539 714 204 349 o 12371

M 780 338 189 172 201 32 64 19 1795 . Remandee F 69 24 13 9 16 1 2 5 139 T 849 362 202 181 217 33 66 24 1934

Total (incl. prisoners M 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 of unknown F 38S 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778 legal status) T 6366 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305

8 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

FIGmffi 3 • CHANGES IN OFFENCE SPECIFIC RATESl OF IMPRISONMENT· AUSTRALIA 1982·90

20

R a t 15 " P "r 10 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 Hamlclde A.. ault SIIX other Robbery Extortion Breaking a: Froud a: Offencee a~alnat Entering MI.af~prla pllrwon

20 R a t 15 " P ~ 10 1 o o 5 o o o

Rllcelvlng other Theft ProPllrty JUltlclI Othllr Good Ponenlan. Trafficking Driving Damage Proclldure Ordllr UIII of Drugl Offencll Drugll

• 1982 .1983 • 1984 III!II 1985 D 1986

II 1987 IIID 1988 I§lI 1989 mI 1990

1 Rates of prisoners per 100,000 total population by most serious offence/charge

9 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

THE STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT

The statistics contained in this report are presented in three parts: Part A: Summary Tables

The tables in this part show the basic characteristics of prisoners, their offences and sentences, and enable comparisons by sex and jurisdiction. Where appropriate, tables of percentages, rates per 100,000 relevant population, and graphic representations have been included. Part B: Crosstabulations by Most Seriolls OlTence • Australia

In this part, aggregated figures for all jurisdictions are all used to produce tables showing the relevant characteristics of offenders and sentences ana enabling comparisons between the various offence types. Part C: Interstate Comparisons of Legal Status and Sentence Lengths

The Legal Status of Offender, the Sentence for Most Serious Offence, the Aggregate Sentence end the Expected Duration of Imprisonment (calculated as the time between Date of Reception and Earliest Date of Release) are shown classified by Most Serious Offence for each jurisdiction. These tables should facilitate interjurisdictional comparison of overall sentencing practices for the various offence types and will be useful in evaluating differences in legisl~tion, and parole rules. Tables for aboriginal prisoners only are also included, as are Tables of average times being served, in view of the considerable demand for this type of information.

ACCESS TO ADDITIONAL TABULATIONS

The Ministers have deter.mined that, because of the confidential nature of some of the information contained in the data files, requests for access to data or for the production of additional cross-tabulations, beyond those published in this report, will only be acceded to under the fol!owing conditions:

i. The only persons who will have access to individual records will be officials of the contributing government departments (who will only have access to their own data) and appropriate staff of the Australian Institute of Criminology and Australian Bureau of Statistics (who will not release individual records under any circumstances).

ii. Each State and Territory is free to publish its own data in any form at any time at the discretion of the relevant minister.

iii. Where necessary, the Australian Institute of Criminology will provide aggregate crosstabulations of State and Territory data as requested by State and Territory authorities, such data pertaining only to that State or Territory.

iv. All requests for additional data, except as provided for in iii. above, will be submitted to the Correctional Administrators for approval. In no circumstances will the confidentiality of individual records be breached, and copies of additional computer outputs resulting from such requests will be forwarded to the relevant State or Territory authorities.

Researchers wishing to gain access to additional tabulations should therefore initially contact correctional administrator(s) in the jurisdiction(s) concerned or, if national aggregate data are required, the Director, Australian Institute of Criminology, for submission to the Correctional Administrators' Conference.

10 PART A - SUMMARY TABLES BY SEX AND JURISDICTION NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 1. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX, INSTITUTION AND SECURITY CLASSI FICATION NEW SOUTH WALES INSTITUTION Maxinun MedillTl Mininun Unclassified TOTAL Males Long Bay Prison Hospital 31 13 14 33 91 Long Bay Spec i a l Care Un it 11 8 3 1 23 Long Bay Training Centre 1 1 295 0 297 Long Bay Reception Prison 301 83 176 19 579 Long Bay Assessment Prison 132 43 40 106 321 Long Bay Remand Centre 14 5 3 306 . 328 Malabar P.D.C. 0 0 0 226 226 Gaol 14 137 123 203 477 Parramatta P.D.C. 0 0 0 45 45 Maitland Gaol 99 23 33 34 189 Bathurst (Main) Gaol 6 156 90 28 280 Goulburn (Main) Gaol 122 104 122 32 380 Berrima Gaol 0 18 37 0 55 Grafton Gaol 16 29 16 23 84 Coema Prison 0 37 100 3 140 Broken Hill Gao l 0 2 10 6 18 Erw plains T.C. 0 0 109 7 116 Glen Innes Afforestation CIl!l'p 0 1 112 4 117 oberon Afforestation Camp 0 0 78 0 78 Mannus Afforestation Camp 0 0 97 1 98 Kirkconnell Afforestation camp 0 0 63 2 65 Silverwater W/R Centre 3 0 272 9 284 Silverwater P.D.C. 0 0 0 128 128 Cessnock C.C. 3 122 271 3 399 Tomago P.D.C. 0 0 0 140 140 Erw plains P.D.C. 0 0 0 97 97 Bathurst Gaol, X Wing 1 1 111 3 116 Goulburn Gaol, X Wing 2 0 125 0 127 Park lea Prison 250 32 3 19 304 Windsor P.D.C. 0 0 0 86 86 St Heliers P.D.C. 0 0 0 26 26 St Hel iers C.F. 0 0 108 0 108 Campbelltown P.D.C. 0 0 0 36 36 Grafton C Units 0 0 89 1 90 Spec i a l Purpose Pr i son 11 8 9 5 33 TOTAL 1017 823 2509 1632 5981 Females Grafton Gaol 1 0 1 0 2 Mulawa T. & D.C. 56 47 88 83 274 Merinda P.D.C. 0 0 0 44 44 Norma Parker Centre 0 0 63 0 63 Special Purpose Prison 0 0 0 2 2 TOTAL 57 47 152 129 385

(Cont inued •• )

13 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 1. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX, INSTITUTION AND SECURITY CLASSIFICATION VICTORIA INSTITUTION Maxinun Medilln Minimun Un- TOTAL classified Males Pentridge Prison 187 147 43 16 393 Metropolitan Reception Prison 219 132 33 131 515 Ararat 2 139 63 0 204 Beechworth 0 87 24 0 111 Bendigo 0 50 35 0 85 Dhurringile 0 1 97 0 98 Geelong 1 105 31 0 137 Barwon 54 98 16 0 lJ6 Morwell River 0 0 89 0 .~9 Sale 0 46 19 0 65 lion IIron 0 0 113 0 113 Melbourne Remand Centre 16 7 0 190 213 TOTAL 479 812 563 337 2191 Females Pentridge Prison 0 0 0 1 1 Metropolitan Reception Prison 7 4 0 1 12 Tarrengower 0 0 27 0 27 Barwon 6 0 0 0 6 Fairlea 21 28 8 22 79 TOTAL 34 32 35 24 125

QUEENSLAND INSTITUTION Maximum (\!edilln Minimum Un- Unknown TOTAL classified Males Brisbane Male Division 6 219 95 27 13 360 Townsville Male Division 0 37 52 122 94 305 Rockhampton 2 36 96 54 32 220 lIacol 0 0 112 114 34 260 lIoodford 3 18 132 50 47 250 Palen Creek 0 0 0 0 48 48 NlIninbah 0 0 0 0 44 44 Borallon 0 3 126 80 25 234 Moreton 0 5 15 17 8 45 Lotus Glen 5 28 85 46 46 210 Sir David Longland Centre 4 63 97 29 26 219 TOTAL 20 409 810 539 417 2195 Females Brisbane Female Division 0 26 30 23 4 83 Sir David Longland Centre 0 4 1 9 4 18 TOTAL 0 30 31 32 8 101

(Continued •• )

14 ------._-----

NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 1. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX, INSTITUTION AND SECURlTY CLASSIFICATION YESTERN AUSTRALIA

INSTI1'UTION Maxinun Medit.1ll Mininun TOTAL Males

Albany Regional Prison 51 57 9 117 Broome Regi'lnal Prison 7 10 64 81 8 41 42 91 Canning Vale Prison 11 230 41 282 C.Y. Campbell Remand Centre 131 6 2 139 Eastern Goldfields Regional Prison 8 8 55 71 East Perth Pol ice Gaol 0 0 10 10 Prison 240 68 31 339 Greenough Regional Prison 13 55 36 104 Karnet Prison Farm 0 0 120 120 Parde lup Pr i son Farm 0 0 41 41 Roebourne Reg i ona l Pr i son 4 6 52 62 Yooroloo Prison Farm 0 0 143 143 Wyndham Regional Prison 0 0 21 . 21

TOTAL 473 481 667 1621 Females

Bandyup Yemen's Prison 25 17 35 77 0 0 2 2 Eastern Goldfields Regional Prison 0 1 7 8 Greenough Regional Prison 0 2 2 4 Roebourne Regional Prison 2 0 4 6 Wyndham Regional Prison 0 0 2 2

TOTAL 27 , 20 52 99

SOUTH AUSTRALIA

INSTITUTION Maximun Medium Minimum TOTAL Males

Yatala Labour Prison 212 39 4 255 James Nash House 20 2 3 25 Northfield Prison COIJlllex 0 0 36 36 Cadell Training Centre 0 0 115 115 Port Augusta Gaol 15 46 19 80 Port Lincoln Gaol 1 26 16 43 Mount Gambier Gaol 5 16 6 27 AdP.laide Remand Centre 154 0 0 154 Mobilong Prison 0 147 1 148

TOTAL 407 276 200 883 Females

Yatala Labour Prison 2 0 0 2 James Nash House 1 0 0 1 Northfield Prison Complex 29 6 8 43 Port Augusta Gaol 0 0 2 2

TOTAL 32 6 10 48

(Continued .. )

15 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 1. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX, INSTITUTION AND SECURITY CLASSI F[CATION TASMANIA

INSTITUTION Max imun Medium Minimum Un- TOTAL classified Males Risdon 82 26 28 59 195 Launceston 0 0 1 6 7 Hayes Prison Farm 10 7 8 0 25 TOTAL 92 33 37 65 227 Females Risdon 2 4 2 2 10 TOTAL 2 4 2 2 10

NORTHERN TERRITORY

INSTITUTION Max imun Medium Minimun Unknown TOTAL Males Darwin Prison 93 64 45 0 202 Gunn Point Prison Farm 0 0 60 0 60 Al ice Springs Prison 11 49 44 0 104 Groote Eylandt Police Prison 0 0 0 1 1 Katherine Police Prison 0 0 0 1 1 Beatrice Hill 0 0 42 0 42 TOTAL 104 113 191 2 410

Females Darwin Prison 2 2 1 0 5 TOTAL 2 2 1 0 5

AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY

INSTITUTION Maximun TOTAL

Males

Belconnen Re~and Centre 19 19 TOTAL 19 19 Females Belconnen Remand Centre 5 5 TOTAL 5 5

16 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 2. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND AGE * (a) NUMBERS AGE GROUP NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Under 17 Years 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 17 Years 4 17 37 11 2 1 8 0 80 18 Years 116 41 92 68 15 6 18 1 357 19 Years 261 65 104 103 43 18 26 1 621 20-24 Vears 1525 524 574 430 242 47 118 4 3464 25-29 Years 1363 497 415 313 207 44 82 3 2924 30-34 Years 1088 394 330 254 152 28 52 5 2303 35-39 Years 681 273 242 161 97 26 18 3 1501 40-44 Years 424 180 162 96 59 28 14 2 965 45-49 Years 235 104 109 52 31 8 6 0 545 50-54 Years 160 53 62 31 13 9 5 0 333 55-59 Years 70 25 31 8 15 7 4 0 160 60-64 Years 32 13 19 8 5 2 0 0 79 65 Years & over 21 5 14 6 2 3 0 0 51 Unknown 0 0 3 79 0 0 59 0 141 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 Females 17 Years 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 18 Years 6 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 11 19 Years 6 1 4 5 1 0 0 0 17 20-24 Years 86 32 20 26 11 4 0 3 182 25-29 Years 104 40 29 22 14 0 1 0 210 30-34 Years 80 16 16 13 7 4 1 0 137 35-39 Years 46 17 13 12 7 0 1 1 97 40-44 Years 30 11 8 6 6 2 1 1 65 45-49 Years 14 5 6 6 0 0 (1 0 ~1 50-54 Years 6 2 1 3 1 0 0 0 13 55-59 Years 4 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 7 60-64 Years 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 65 Years & over 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 Unknown 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 (1 2 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778 Total Persons Under 17 Years 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 17 Years 5 17 38 11 2 1 8 0 82 18 Years 122 42 93 71 15 6 18 1 368 19 Years 267 66 108 108 44 18 26 1 638 20-24 Years 1611 556 594 456 253 51 118 7 3646 25-29 Years 1467 537 444 335 221 44 83 3 3134 30-34 Years 1168 410 346 267 159 32 53 5 2440 35-39 Years 727 290 255 173 104 26 19 4 1598 40-44 Years 454 191 170 102 65 30 15 3 1030 45-49 Years 249 109 115 58 31 8 6 0 576 50-54 Years 166 55 63 34 14 9 5 0 346 55-59 Years 74 25 33 9 15 7 4 0 167 60-64 Years 33 13 19 9 5 2 0 0 81 65 Years & over 22 5 14 6 3 3 0 0 53 Unknown 0 0 3 80 0 0 60 0 143 TOTAL 6366 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305 * See Explanatory Note 4. (Cant inued •• )

17 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 2. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND AGE * (b) PERCENTAGES BY AGE AGE GROUP NSIJ VIC QlD IJA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Under 17 Years .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 17 Years .1 .8 1.7 .7 .2 .4 2.0 .0 .6 18 Years 1.9 1.9 4.2 4.2 1.7 2.6 4.4 5.3 2.6 19 Years 4.4 !i.O 4.7 6.4 4.9 7.9 6.3 5.3 4.6 20-24 Years 25.5 23.9 26.2 26.5 27.4 20.7 28.8 21.1 25.6 25-29 Years 22.8 22.7 18.9 19.3 23.4 19.4 20.0 15.8 21.6 30-34 Years 18.2 18.0 15.0 15.7 17.2 12.3 12.7 26.3 17.0 35-39 Years 11.4 12.5 11.0 9.9 11.0 11.5 4.4 15.8 11.1 40-44 Years 7.1 8.2 7.4 5.9 6.7 12.3 3.4 10.5 7.1 45-49 Years 3.9 4.7 5.0 3.2 3.5 3.5 1.5 .0 4.0 50-54 Years 2.7 2.4 2.8 1.9 1.5 4.0 1.2 .0 2.5 55-59 Years 1.2 1.1 1.4 .5 1.7 3.1 1.0 .0 1.2 60-64 Years .5 .6 .9 .5 .6 .9 .0 .0 .6 65 Years & over .4 .2 .6 .4 .2 1.3 .0 .0 .4 Unknown .0 .0 .1 4.9 .0 .0 14.4 .0 1.0 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females 17 Years .3 .0 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .3 18 Years 1.6 .8 1.0 3.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.4 19 Years 1.6 .8 4.0 5.1 2.1 .0 .0 .0 2.2 20-24 Years 22.3 25.6 19.8 26.3 22.9 40.0 .0 60.0 23.4 25-29 Years 27.0 32.0 28.7 22.2 29.2 .0 20.0 .0 27.0 30-34 Years 20.8 12.8 15.8 13.1 14.6 40.0 20.0 .0 17.6 35-39 Years 11.9 13.6 12.9 12.1 14.6 .0 20.0 20.0 12.5 40-44 Years 7.8 8.8 7.9 6.1 12.5 20.0 20.0 20.0 8.4 45-49 Yeers 3.6 4.0 5.9 6.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 4.0 50-54 Years 1.6 1.6 1.0 3.0 2.1 .0 .0 .0 1.7 55-59 Years 1.0 .0 2.0 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .9 60-64 Years .3 .0 .0 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .3 65 Years & over .3 .0 .0 .0 2.1 .0 .0 .0 .3 Unknown .0 .0 .0 1.0 .0 .0 20.0 .0 .3 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Persons Under 17 Years .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 17 Years .1 .7 1.7 .6 .2 .4 1.9 .0 .6 18 Years 1.9 1.8 4.1 4.1 1.6 2.5 4.3 4.2 2.6 19 Years 4.2 2.8 4.7 6.3 4.7 7.6 6.3 4.2 4.5 20-24 Years 25.3 24.0 25.9 26.5 27.2 21.5 28.4 29.2 25.5 25-29 Years 23.0 23.2 19.3 19.5 23.7 18.6 20.0 12.5 21.9 30-34 Years 18.3 17.7 15.1 15.5 17.1 13.5 12.8 20.8 17.1 35-39 Years 11.4 12.5 11.1 10.1 11.2 11.0 4.6 16.7 11.2 40-44 Years 7.1 8.2 7.4 5.9 7.0 12.7 3.6 12.5 7.2 45-49 Years 3.9 4.7 5.0 3.4 3.3 3.4 1.4 .0 4.0 50-54 Years 2.6 2.4 2.7 2.0 1.5 3.8 1.2 .0 2.4 55-59 Years 1.2 1.1 1.4 .5 1.6 3.0 1.0 .0 1.2 60-64 Years .5 .6 .8 .5 .5 .8 .0 .0 .6 65 Years & over .3 .2 .6 .3 .3 1.3 .0 .0 .4 Unknown .0 .0 .1 4.7 .0 .0 14.5 .0 1.0 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * See Explanatory Note 4. (Continued •• )

18 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

FiGURE 4 - PERCENTAGES OF PRISONERS BY AGE AND JURISDICTION

100

90

60

70 p e r IIIJ 35 ac over c 60 \I 030 - 34 n t 1m 25 - 29 a 50 \I e 1m 20 - 24 • Under 20 40

30

20

10

0 III C 'C c III c: ,E! ~ ~ ,E! 'c c 'E 0 0 C ....0 a; ] c ...... ] 3: u c: III E 'E 'E VI III :l 1:l III II) III :l :5 > III <: c l- I- :l :l « I- « 0 0 E .c:..... E C In III :l III ~ 0 .c: a. ~ "Iii In 1:: c zIII III 0 U 3: z c: ,E! ~ "Iii «:l

19 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 2. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JUR:ISDICTlON, SEX AND AGE" ee) RATIOS OF PRISONERS PER 100,000 POPULATION AGE GROUP NSII VIC QlD II A SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males 17 Years 8.3 46.0 142.0 80.9 17.6 26.3 590.0 .0 55.5 18 Years 227.7 105.4 341.6 481.7 125.4 152.1 1264.0 35.2 236.3 19 Years 519.4 161.7 380.3 696.1 341.5 448.0 1789.4 32.0 403.8 20·24 Years 689.4 285.2 472.2 630.2 407.2 278.8 1449.6 26.4 498.9 25-29 Years 573.9 271.' 343.6 426.3 333.3 247.4 1003.4 21.1 1.07.6 30-34 Years 454.8 217.6 282.4 355.7 255.1 151.3 701.3 39.6 325.9 35-39 Years 305.7 164.0 220.8 241.2 In.6 150.8 262.8 25.2 228.7 40-44 Years 190.9 110.5 148.3 149.3 109.8 169.3 201.0 16.3 148.9 45-49 Years 134.0 81.4 125.6 107.2 7S.? 61.3 120.9 .0 107.7 50-54 Years 108.3 48.8 88.6 78.6 37.8 81.2 141.2 .0 79.0 55-59 Years 54.1 26.1 51.8 24.2 47.6 72.0 187.4 .0 43.7 60-64 Years 24.5 13.7 31.8 25.5 14.9 20.1 .0 .0 21.6 65 Years &over 7.3 2.4 10.1 8.9 2.6 13.1 .0 .0 6.3 TOTAL 276.4 134.6 204.4 267.2 162.7 137.2 724.6 18.0 213.3 females 17 Years 2.2 .0 4.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.5 18 Years 12.4 2.7 3.9 21.9 .0 .0 .n .0 7.6 19 Years 12.5 2.5 15.4 35.6 8.3 .0 .0 .0 11.5 20-24 Vears 40.3 17.9 17.3 39.6 19.5 24.0 .0 21.0 27.3 25-29 Years 4/•• 4 22.0 24.5 31.6 23.8 .0 12.6 .0 29.9 30-34 Years 33.9 8.9 13.9 18.8 12.1 21.9 12.9 .0 19.7 35-39 Years 20.7 10.1 11.8 18.2 12.7 .0 15.2 8.1 14.8 40-44 Years 14.2 6.9 7.5 10.1 11.5 12.3 17.1 8.4 10.4 45-49 Years 8.5 4.1 7.3 13.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.5 50-54 Years 4.3 1.9 1.5 B.l 2.9 .CJ .0 .0 3.2 55-59 Years 3.2 .0 3.4 3.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 2.0 60-64 Years .8 .0 .0 3.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .5 65 Years & over .3 .0 .0 .0 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .2 TOTAL 17.3 7.4 9.3 16.4 8.6 5.8 9.7 4.8 12.0 Total Persons 17 Years 5.3 23.7 7'4.7 41.8 8.9 13.1 308.2 .0 29.2 18 Years 123.0 !>S.l 17'6.8 255.3 63.8 '16.3 648.4 17.5 124.5 19 Yearfl 271.8 82.9 202.3 374.7 179.1 226.3 893.5 16.2 211.5 20-24 Years 370.9 153.5 250.3 340.6 218.6 152.1 754.7 23.7 267.7 25-29 Years 311.1 146.9 185.7 234.3 182.7 124.2 516.2 11.1 220.9 30-34 Years 246.0 113.8 149.4 189.9 135.1 Pt..9 350.0 20.2 174.1 35-39 Years 163.5 86.7 116.3 130.4 94.9 76.0 141.7 16.5 121.7 40-44 Years 104.7 59.3 79.0 82.3 61.4 91.3 117.2 12.4 81.0 45-49 Years 73.1 43.6 68.2 62.2 38.5 31.3 67.7 .0 58.5 50·54 Years 57.6 25.8 46.4 44.6 20.4 41.1 80.8 .0 42.0 55-59 Years 28.9 13.2 27.9 13.9 24.0 36.1 104.3 .0 23.1 60-64 Years 12.5 6.8 15.8 14.5 7.4 10.1 .0 .0 11.0 65 Years & over 3.2 1.0 4.4 3.el 1.7 5.6 .0 .0 2.8 TOTAL 145.2 69.9 106.4 142.'! 84.6 70.4 384.0 11.4 111.6

.. See Explanatory Note 4.

20 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 3CJ.6.1990

FIGURE 5 - AGE-SPECIFIC RATIOS PER 100,000 POPULATION BY JURISDICTION, JUNE 1988 - JUNE 1990

R 250 a t • 19B8 .200 Australia • 1989 ~ 150 r • 1990 1 100 0 0 50 0 0 0 0 L... ID en en v en en v en II) ~ N ,., N ~ v It) It) > I I . I I I I ' I 0 0 It) 0 It) 0 It) 0 It) ~ N N ,., ,., v v It) It) 0 Ie

New South Wales South Australia

Tasmania 60 40 20

Queensland Northern Territory

Western Australia Australian Capital Territory

21 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 3. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND ABORIGINAllTY * (a) NUMBERS ABORIGINALITY NSII VIC QlD II A SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males

Aboriginal, Torres St. 543 80 349 548 120 12 284 a 1936 Other 5162 2107 1738 1073 750 193 126 19 11168 Unknown 276 4 lOB a 13 22 a a 423 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 135Z7 Females Aboriginal, Torres St. 36 8 18 37 4 0 2 a 105 Other 347 117 63 62 44 10 3 5 651 Unknown 2 0 20 a a a a a 22 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778 Tota l Persons

Aboriginal, Torres St. 579 88 367 585 124 12 286 0 2041 Other 5509 2224 1801 1135 794 203 129 24 11819 Unknown 278 4 128 0 13 22 0 a 445 TOTAL 6366 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305

(b) PERCENTAGES BY ABORIGINAllTY ABOR I GI NALI TV NSII VIC QlD II A SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males j Aboriginal, Torres St. 9.1 3.7 15.9 33.8 13.6 5.3 69.3 .0 14.3 Other 86.3 96.2 79.2 66.2 84.9 85.0 30.7 100.0 82.6 Unknown 4.6 .2 4.9 .0 1.5 9.7 .0 .0 3.1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females Aboriginal, Torres St. 9.4 6.4 17.8 37.4 8.3 .0 40.0 .0 13.5 Other 90.1 93.6 62.4 62.6 91.7 100.0 60.0 100.0 83.7 Unknown .5 .0 19.8 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 2.8 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Persons Aboriginal, Torres St. 9.1 3.8 16.0 34.0 13.3 5.1 68.9 .0 14.3 Other 86.5 96.0 78.4 66.0 85.3 85.7 31.1 100.0 82.6 Unknown 4.4 .2 5.6 .0 1.4 9.3 .0 .0 3.1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 '100.0 100.0

* See Explanatory Note 5. (Cont inued •• )

22 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 3. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND ABORIGINALITY * eel RATES PER 100,000 ABORIGINALITY NS\.J VIC QLD \.JA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Aboriginal, Torres St. 3515.0 2359.2 2174.6 5347.9 3121.7 692.8 3148.2 .0 3221.3 Other 240.3 129.7 164.3 179.9 139.2 117.9 264.9 18.0 177.7 TOTAL 276.4 134.6 204.4 267.2 162.7 137.2 724.6 18.0 [213;;- Females 1-

Aboriginal, Torres St. 218.7 212.3 104.5 347.1 95.6 .0 19.8 I .. f) 162.8 Other 15.8 7.0 5.9 10.5 7.9 5.9 7.? 4.e 10.2 .... _.- -~. TOTAL 17.3 7.4 9.3 16.4 8.6 s.a I 9.t 4.8 12.0 Total Persons 1544.4t':6.5 .. Aboriginal, Torres St. 1814.4 1229.2 1103.2 2794.6 .0 1638.3 other 126.15 67.3 84.8 95.5 72.7 60.9 '145.0 11.5 93.1 TOTAL 145.2 69.9 106.4 142.2 84.6 70.4 384.0 11.4 111.6

* See Explanntory Note 5. FIGURE 6 - RATIOS OF PRISONERS PER 100,000 POPULATION BY JURISDICTION AND ABORIGINALITY

R a ~ Aboriginals t 3000 II 2500 • Others p II 2000 r 1500 1 0 1000 0 0 500 0 0 0 III 0 "'C .2 .2 0 ~ .2 II) ';:: c 'c 0 ...: 0 0 0 c 1:) Vi E E cJ E C 1;; ....1/1 E ~ 1;; == :;: II) ::r ::r III II) ::r .l:: II) c I- <- ....::r ::r < < I- < 0 .l:: E (f) E II) ....::r II) " .... 0 .l:: ~ III (f) ~ II) II) z z0 ==

23 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 4. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND STATE/COUNTRY OF BIRTH (a) NUMBERS BIRTHPLACE NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males New South lIales 3668 141 366 101 68 7 19 7 4377 Victoria 209 1413 160 90 81 8 23 1 1985 Queensland 182 37 1218 31 17 6 26 1 1518 lIestern Australia 27 22 21 986 22 1 17 a 1096 south Australia 34 32 40 27 489 1 15 a 638 Tasmania 31 53 27 14 11 172 2 a 310 Northern Territory 11 3 11 9 7 a 263 a 304 Aust. Capital Terr. 104 1 5 1 0 a 2 3 116 Austral ia unspecified 408 1 9 a a 1 7 1 427 New Zealand 166 36 91 31 16 5 6 a 351 Papua New Guinea 9 a 12 a 0 0 a a 21 Oceania 45 6 5 1 a a a 0 57 Vietnam 68 22 4 7 6 0 0 0 107 Indochina 6 1 a a 2 a 0 0 9 ",sia 118 27 22 83 4 0 1 1 256 United Kingdom, Eire 240 98 71 124 87 3 10 0 633 Greece 28 30 a 6 9 0 a 0 73 Italy 46 39 9 23 16 a 0 a 135 Yugoslavia 81 59 13 9 6 a 1 1 170 Other II. Europe 114 39 45 31 18 1 4 2 254 E. Europe 79 41 14 9 7 a 0 ,2 152 United States of America 13 7 8 10 1 0 0 a 39 canada 4 1 2 a a a a 0 7 Other AIDer i ca 50 2 4 6 3 a a a 65 Africa 38 10 11 7 4 0 a a 70 Lebanon 131 11 8 1 a a a a 151 Turkey 37 35 a 2 4 a 0 a 78 Other Middle·East 31 5 2 2 1 a 1 a 42 Unknown 1 19 17 10 4 22 13 0 86 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 Females New South lIales 245 8 22 6 3 a a 2 286 Victoria 14 86 6 8 4 1 1 1 121 Queensland 9 2 48 2 0 a 0 a 61 lIestern Austral ia 2 3 2 62 a a a a 69 South Australia 3 0 1 2 35 0 0 0 41 Tasmania 1 1 a 2 a 8 0 a 12 Northern Territory a 0 1 1 a a 2 0 4 Aust. Capital Terr. 1 0 0 a 1 a 0 0 2 Australia unspecified 30 0 a a a 0 0 0 30 New Zealand 14 6 3 2 0 a 1 0 26 Papua New Guinea 1 0 2 0 0 a a 0 3 Oceania 1 1 1 0 1 0 a a 4 Vietnam 1 1 0 0 0 0 a 0 2 Indochina a a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 Asia 5 2 3 4 0 0 0 a 14 United Kingdom, Eire 16 5 4 3 3 0 0 1 32 Greece 1 1 0 a 0 a 0 0 2 Italy 3 4 0 1 0 a 0 0 8 Yugoslavia 3 1 2 2 a a 0 0 8 Other II. Europe 9 2 1 2 1 a a 0 15 E. Europe 5 a 2 1 a a a 1 9 United States of America 5 a 0 1 a 0 a a 6 Canada a 0 a 0 a 0 a a 0 Other America 8 a 0 a 0 1 0 a 9 Africa 4 0 2 a a 0 0 a 6 Lebanon 4 0 1 a 0 a 0 0 5 Turkey 0 1 a 0 0 0 0 0 1 Other Middle·East 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 a Unknown 0 1 a a 0 a 1 0 2 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778

(Continued •• )

24 ------

NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 4. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND STATE/COUNTRY OF BIRTH (a) NUMBERS (Continued) BIRTHPLACE NSII VIC QlD lolA S A TAS N T ACT TOTAL Total Persons New South lIales 3913 149 388 107 71 7 19 9 4663 Victoria 223 1499 166 98 85 9 24 2 2106 Queensland 191 39 1266 33 17 6 26 1 1579 lIestern Australia 29 25 23 1048 22 1 17 0 1165 South Austral ia 37 32 41 29 524 1 15 0 679 Tasmania 32 54 27 16 11 180 2 0 322 Northern Territory 11 3 12 10 7 0 265 0 308 Aust. Capital Terr. 105 1 5 1 1 0 2 3 118 Austral ia unspecified 438 1 9 0 0 1 7 1 457 New Zealand 180 42 94 33 16 5 7 0 377 Papua New Guinea 10 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 2/. Oceania 46 7 6 1 1 0 0 0 61 Vietnam 69 23 4 7 6 0 0 0 109 Indochina 6 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 9 Asia 123 29 25 87 4 0 1 1 270 United Kingdom, Eire 256 103 75 127 90 3 10 1 665 Greece 29 31 0 6 9 0 0 0 75 Italy 51 43 9 24 16 0 0 0 143 Yugoslavia 84 60 15 11 6 0 1 1 178 Other II. Europe 123 41 46 33 19 1 4 2 269 E. Europe 84 41 16 10 7 0 0 3 161 United States of America 18 7 8 11 1 0 0 0 45 Canada 4 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 7 Other Amer i ca 58 2 4 6 3 1 0 0 74 Africa 42 10 13 7 4 0 0 0 76 lebanon 135 11 9 1 0 0 0 0 156 Turkey 37 36 0 2 4 0 0 0 79 Other Middle-East 31 5 2 2 1 0 1 0 42 Unknown 1 20 17 10 4 22 14 0 88 TOTAL 6366 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305 (b) PERCENTAGES BY STATE/COUNTRY OF BIRTH BIRTHPLACE NSII VIC QlD II A S A TAS N T ACT TOTAL Total Persons New South lIales 61.5 6.4 16.9 6.2 7.6 3.0 4.6 37.5 32.6 Victoria 3.5 64.7 7.2 5.7 9.1 3.8 5.8 8.3 14.7 Queensland 3.0 1.7 55.1 1.9 1.8 2.5 6.3 4.2 11.0 lIestern Australia .5 1.1 1.0 60.9 2.4 .4 4.1 .0 8.1 South Australia .6 1.4 1.8 1.7 56.3 .4 3.6 .0 4.7 Tasmania .5 2.3 1.2 .9 1.2 75.9 .5 .0 2.3 Northern Territory .2 .1 .5 .6 .8 .0 63.9 .0 2.2 Aust. Capital Terr. 1.6 .0 .2 .1 .1 .0 .5 12.5 .8 Austral ia unspecified 6.9 .0 .4 .0 .0 .4 1.7 4.2 3.2 New Zealand 2.8 1.8 4.1 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.7 .0 2.6 Papua New Guinea .2 .0 .6 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .2 Oceania .7 .3 .3 .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 .4 Vietnam 1.1 1.0 .2 .4 .6 .0 .0 .0 .8 Indochina .1 .0 .0 .0 .2 .0 .0 .0 .1 Asia 1.9 1.3 1.1 5.1 .4 .0 .2 4.2 1.9 United Kingdom, Eire 4.0 4.4 3.3 7.4 9.7 1.3 2.4 4.2 4.6 Greece .5 1.3 .0 .3 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .5 Italy .8 1.9 .4 1.4 1.7 .0 .0 .0 1.0 Yugoslavia 1.3 2.6 .7 .6 .6 .0 .2 4.2 1.2 Other II. Europe 1.9 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.0 .4 1.0 8.3 1.9 E. Europe 1.3 1.8 .7 .6 .8 .0 .0 12.5 1.1 Un i ted States of Amer i ca .3 .3 .3 .6 .1 .0 .0 .0 .3 Canada .1 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Other America .9 .1 .2 .3 .3 .4 .0 .0 .5 Africa .7 .4 .6 .4 .4 .0 .0 .0 .5 lebanon 2.1 .5 .4 '.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.1 Turkey .6 1.6 .0 .1 .4 .0 .0 .0 .6 Other Middle-East .5 .2 .1 .1 .1 .0 .2 .0 .3 Unknown .0 .9 .7 .6 .4 9.3 3.4 .0 .6

TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

25 NATIONAL PIUSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 5. NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND LOCATION OF LAST KNa~N ADDRESS ."

PR I SaNERS HELD I N NE~ SOUTH ~ALES

LOCATION OF ADDRESS MALES FEMALES TOTAL

No. % No. % No. % Syd'ley 3460 57.8 296 76.9 3756 59.1) lIunter 535 8.9 21 5.5 556 8.7 Illawarra 216 3.6 13 3.4 229 3.6 Richmond'Tweed 91 1.5 5 1.3 96 1.5 Mid'North Coast 187 3.1 5 1.3 192 3.0 Northern 156 2.6 3 .8 159 2.5 North-~estern 133 2.2 3 .8 136 2.1 Central-~est 126 2.1 12 3.1 138 2.2 South-Eastern 109 1.8 3 .8 112 1.8 Murrumbidgee 81 1.4 0 .0 81 1.3 Murray 47 .8 0 .0 47 .7 Far ~est 24 .4 1 .3 25 .4 Victoria 87 1.5 4 1.0 91 1.4 Queensland 109 1.8 4 1.0 113 1.8 Western Austral ia 9 .2 1 .3 10 .2 South Austral ia 24 .4 0 .0 24 .4 Tasmania 5 .1 0 .0 5 .1 Northern Terr i tory 4 .1 0 .0 4 .1 Austral ian Capital ierritory 79 1.3 4 'I.a 83 1.3 No Fixed Address 231 3.9 5 1.3 236 3.7 Unknown 268 4.5 5 1.3 273 4.3 TOTAL 5981 100.0 385 100.0 6366 100,0

PRISONERS HELD IN VICTORIA LOCATION OF ADDRESS MALES FEMALES TOTAL

No. % No. % No. % Melbourne 1353 61.8 104 83.2 1457 62.9 Barwon 84 3.8 8 6.4 92 4.0 South'~estern 24 1.1 1 .8 25 1.1 Central Highlands 61 2.8 1 .8 62 2.7 ~irrmera 13 .6 0 .0 13 .6 North Mallee 27 1.2 0 .0 27 1.2 Loddon-Campaspe 56 2.6 3 2.4 59 2.5 Goulburn 43 2.0 2 1.6 45 1.9 North'Eastern 22 1.0 0 .0 22 .9 East Gippsland 16 .7 0 .0 16 .7 Central Gippslsnd 58 2.6 0 .0 58 2.5 East Central 9 .4 1 .8 10 .4 New South ~ales 29 1.3 1 .8 30 1.3 Queensland 13 .6 0 .0 13 .6 ~estern Austral ia 6 .3 0 .0 6 .3 South Austral ia 10 .5 1 .8 11 .5 Tasmania 4 .2 0 .0 4 .2 Northern Territory 1 .0 0 .0 1 .0 Austral ian Capital Territory 9 .4 2 1.6 11 .5 No Fixed Address 301 13.7 1 .8 302 13.0 Unknown 52 2.4 0 .0 52 2.2 TOTAL 2191 100.0 125 100.0 2316 100.0

." See Explanatory Note 6. Victorian data should be treated with caution. The "No Fixed Address" category also includes some persons whose last known address was unknown or overseas. (Continued •• )

26 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 5 (Continued). NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE Of PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND LOCATION Of LAST KNO~N ADDRESS * PRISONERS HELD IN QUEENSLAND LOCATION Of ADDRESS MALES FEMALES TOTAL

No. % No. % No. % Brisbane 785 35.8 40 39.6 825 35.9 MOl'eton 227 10.3 13 12.9 240 10.5 ~ide Bay-Burnett 87 4.0 4 4.0 91 4.0 Darling Downs 109 5.0 4 4.0 113 4.9 South-~est 32 1.5 1 1.0 33 1.4 fitzroy 126 5.7 1 1.0 127 5.5 Central ~est 9 .4 0 .0 9 .4 Mackay 122 5.6 7 6.9 129 5.6 Northern 216 9.8 11 10.9 227 9.9 Far North 192 8.7 6 5.9 198 8.6 North-~estern 75 3.4 3 3.0 78 3.(, New South ~ales 51 2.3 6 5.9 57 2.5 Victoria 14 .6 1 1.0 15 .7 Queensland 14 .6 0 .0 14 .6 ~estern Austral ia 6 .3 0 .0 6 .3 South Austral ia 9 :4 0 .0 9 .4 Tasmania 3 .1 0 .0 3 .1 Northern Territory 4 .2 0 .0 4 .2 OVerseas 7 .3 3 3.0 10 .4 No fixed Address 63 2.9 0 .0 63 2.7 Unknown 44 2.0 1 1.0 45 2.0 TOTAL 2195 100.0 101 100.0 2296 100.0

PRISONERS HELD IN ~ESTERN AUSTRALIA LOCATION Of ADDRESS MALES FEMALES TOTAL No. % No. % No. % Perth 910 56.1 58 58.6 968 56.3 South-West 89 5.5 6 6.1 95 5.5 Lower Great Southern 39 2.4 0 .0 39 2.3 Upper Great Southern 13 .8 0 .0 13 .8 Midlands 29 1.8 2 2.0 31 1.8 South -Eastern 93 5.7 10 10.1 103 6.0 Central 103 6.4 6 6.1 109 6.3 Pilbara 74 4.6 6 6.1 80 4.7 Kimberley 93 5.7 5 5.1 98 5.7 New South \/a les 13 .8 0 .0 13 .8 Victoria 15 .9 2 2.0 17 1.0 Que.ensland 5 .3 0 .0 5 .3 South Austral ia 3 _2 0 .0 3 .2 Tasmania 1 .1 0 .0 1 .1 Northern Territory 6 .4 0 .0 6 .3 OVersees 59 3.6 1 1.0 60 3.5 No Fixed Address 67 4.1 3 3.0 70 4.1 Unknown 9 .6 0 .0 9 .5 TOTAL 1621 100.0 99 100.0 1720 100.0

* See Explanatory Note 6 (Continued •• )

27 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 5 (Continued). NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND LOCATION OF LAST KNOWN ADDRESS * PRISONERS HELD IN SOUTH AUSTRALIA LOCATION OF ADDRESS MALES FEMALES TOTAL

No. % No. % No. % Adelaide 566 64.1 37 77.1 603 64.8 OUter Adelaide 16 1.8 1 2.1 17 1.8 Yorke and Lower North 8 .9 1 2.1 9 1.0 Mur r ay Lands 33 3.7 0 .0 33 3.5 South·East 23 2.6 0 .0 23 2.5 Eyre 16 1.8 0 .0 16 1.7 Northern 28 3.2 2 4.2 30 3.2 New South Wales 10 1.1 0 .0 10 1.1 Victoria 20 2.3 1 2.1 21 2.3 Queensland 3 .3 0 .0 3 .3 South Australia unspecified 4 .5 0 .0 4 .4 Northern Territory 4 .5 0 .0 4 .4 No Fixed Address 71 8.0 3 6.3 74 7.9 Unknown 81 9.2 3 6.3 84 9.0 TOTAL 883 100.0 48 100.0 931 100.0

PRISONERS HELD IN TASMANIA LOCATION OF ADDRF.SS MALES FEMALES TOTAL

No. % No. % No. % Hobart 76 33.5 5 50.0 81 34.2 Southern 8 3.5 0 .0 8 3.4 Northern 68 30.0 1 10.0 69 29.1 Mersey·Lyell 34 15.0 4 40.0 38 16.0 New South Wales 1 .4 0 .0 1 .4 Victoria 4 1.8 0 .0 4 1.7 Queensland 3 1.3 0 .0 3 1.3 Northern Terr i tory 1 .4 0 .0 1 .4 No Fixed Address 8 3.5 0 .0 8 3.4 Unknown 24 10.6 0 .0 24 10.1 . TOTAL 227 100.0 10 100.0 237 100.0

* See Explanatory Note 6 (Continued •• )

28 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 5 (Continued). NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND LOCATION OF LAST KNOWN ADDRESS * PRISONERS HELD IN NORTHERN iERRITORY LOCATION OF ADDRESS MALES FEMALES TOTAL

No. % No. % No. % Darwin 154 37.6 3 60.0 157 37.8 Balance of Northern Territory 225 54.9 1 20.0 226 54.5 New South IJales 2 .5 0 .0 2 .5 Queensland 3 .7 0 .0 3 .7 IJestern Australia 2 .5 1 20.0 3 .7 South Australia 2 .5 0 .0 2 .5 Northern Territory unspecified 8 2.il 0 .0 8 1.9 Unknown 14 3.4 0 .0 14 3.4 TOTAL 410 100.0 5 100.0 415 100.0

PRISONERS HELD IN AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY LOCATION Of ADDRESS MALES FEMALES TOTAL

No. % No. % No. % Australian Capital Territory 13 68.4 2 40.0 15 62.5 New South IJales 5 26.3 2 40.0 7 29.2 No Fixed Address 1 5.3 1 .20.0 2 8.3 TOTAL 19 100.0 5 100.0 24 100.0

* See Explanatory Note 6

29 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 6. NUMBERS OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND MARITAL STATUS AT RECEPTION * (a) NUMBERS MAR IT AL STATUS NSW VIC QLD WA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL

~Iales Never Married 3237 1266 1322 1019 434 109 251 '12 7650 Married 1817 674 650 486 304 66 104 2 4103 Separated 427 72 89 59 48 16 11 1 723 Divorced 384 124 90 46 68 12 13 3 740 Widowed 86 12 20 8 8 2 7 0 143 Unknown 30 43 24 3 21 22 24 1 168 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 Females Never Marr i ed 161 50 39 49 22 5 3 1 330 Married 141 43 41 29 15 2 0 2 273 Separated 30 11 7 7 4 1 0 1 61 Divorced 34 16 10 13 2 i. 1 1 79 Widowed 19 5 2 1 4 0 0 0 31 Unknown 0 0 2 D 1 0 1 0 4 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778 Tota I Persons Never Married 3398 1316 1361 1068 456 114 254 13 7980 Married 1958 717 691 515 319 66 104 4 4376 Separated 457 83 96 66 52 17 11 2 784 Divorced 418 140 100 59 70 14 14 4 819 Widowed 105 17 22 9 12 2 7 0 174 Unknown 30 43 26 3 22 22 25 1 172 TOTAL 6366 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305 (b) PERCENTAGES BY MARITAL STATUS

~IARITAL STATUS NSW VIC QLD WA S A TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Never Married 54.1 57.8 60.2 62.9 49.2 48.0 61.2 63.2 56.6 Married 30.4 30.8 29.6 30.0 34.4 29.1 25.4 10.5 30.3 Separated 7.1 3.3 4.1 3.6 5.4 7.0 2.7 5.3 5.3 Divorced 6.4 5.7 4.1 2.8 7.7 5.3 3.2 15.8 5.5 Widowed 1.4 .5 .9 .5 .9 .9 1.7 .0 1.1 Unknown .5 2.0 1.1 .2 2.4 9.7 5.9 5.3 1.2 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females

Never Married 41.8 40.0 38.6 49.5 45.8 50.0 60.0 20.0 42.1. Married 36.6 34.4 40.6 29.3 31.3 20.0 .0 40.0 35.1 Separated 7.8 8.8 6.9 7.1 8.3 10.0 .0 20.0 7.8 Divorced 8.8 12.8 9.9 13.1 4.2 20.0 20.0 20.0 10.2 Widowed 4.9 4.0 2.0 1.0 8.3 .0 .0 .0 4.0 Unknown .0 .0 2.0 .0 2.1 .0 20.0 .0 .5 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Tota I Persons Never Married 53.4 56.8 59.3 62.1 49.0 48.1 61.2 54.2 55.8 Married 30.8 31.0 30.1 29.9 34.3 28.7 25.1 16.7 30.6 Separated 7.2 3.6 4.2 3.8 5.6 7.2 2.7 8.3 5.5 Divorced 6.6 6.0 4.4 3.4 7.5 5.9 3.4 16.7 5.7 Widowed 1.6 .7 1.0 .5 1.3 .8 1.7 .0 1.2 Unknown .5 1.9 1.1 .2 2.4 9.3 6.0 4.2 1.2 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * See Explanatory Note 7.

30 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 7. NUMBERS OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND KNOIIN EMPLOYMENT STATUS AT ARREST/CHARGE * (a) NUMBERS EMPLOYMENT STATUS NSIi VIC QLD IiA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Employed 0 931 1138 142 263 28 82 5 2589 Unemployed 0 1185 926 1426 547 126 320 12 4542 Home Duties 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Student 0 7 9 9 4 2 0 2 33 Other 0 47 41 44 46 20 0 0 198 Unknown 5981 21 80 0 23 51 8 0 6164 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 Females Employed 0 12 29 41 8 0 0 0 90 Unemployed 0 100 32 3~ 21 6 4 2 201 Home Duties 0 5 28 19 9 3 0 3 67 Student 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Other 0 S 8 3 9 1 0 0 29 Unknown 385 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 390 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778 Total Persons Employed 0 943 1167 183 271 28 82 5 2679 Unemployed 0 1285 958 1462 568 132 324 14 4743 Home Duties 0 5 29 19 9 3 0 3 68 Student 0 7 10 9 4 2 0 2 34 Other 0 55 49 47 55 21 0 0 227 Unknown 6366 21 83 0 24 51 9 0 6554 TOTAL 6366 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305

~b) PERCENTAGES BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS EMPLOYMENT STATUS NSIi VIC QLD IiA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Employed .0 42.5 51.8 8.8 29.8 12.3 20.0 26.3 19.1 Unemployed .0 54.1 42.2 88.0 61.9 55.5 78.0 63.2 33.6 Home Duties .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Student .0 .3 .4 .6 .5 .9 .0 10.5 .2 Other .0 2.1 1.9 2.7 5.2 8.8 .0 .0 1.5 Unknown 100.0 1.0 3.6 .0 2.6 22.5 2.0 .0 45.6 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females Employed .0 9.6 28.7 41.4 16.7 .0 .0 .0 11.6 Unemployed .0 80.0 31.7 36.4 43.8 60.0 80.0 40.0 25.8 Home Duties .0 4.0 27.7 19.2 18.8 30.0 .0 60.0 8.6 Student .0 .0 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 Other .0 6.4 7.9 3.0 18.8 10.0 .0 .0 3.7 Unknown 100.0 .0 3.0 .0 2.1 .0 20.0 .0 50.1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 10G.J 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Persons Employed .0 40.7 50.8 10.6 29.1 11.8 19.8 20.8 18.7 Unemployed .0 55.5 41.7 85.0 61.0 55.7 78.1 58.3 33.2 Home Duties .0 .2 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.3 .0 12.5 .5 Student .0 .3 .4 .5 .4 .8 .0 8.3 .2 Other .0 2.4 2.1 2.7 5.9 8.9 .0 .0 1.6 Unknown 100.0 .9 3.6 .0 2.6 21.5 2.2 .0 45.8 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * See Explanatory Note 8.

31 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 8. NUMBERS OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND KNOWN HIGHEST LEVEL OF EDUCATION *

(a) NUMBERS

LEVEL ATTAINED NSW VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Tertiary 0 38 30 19 12 3 4 0 106 Technical, Trade 0 3 26 127 12 0 3 0 171 Other Post-Secondary 0 0 6 4 11 12 2 0 35 Complete Secondary 0 46 395 50 138 63 26 3 721 Part Secondary 0 1799 1401 { 625 118 241 16 { Primary, No Formal {1412 {6232 School ing 0 109 298 { 74 7 132 0 { Unknown 5981 196 39 9 11 24 2 0 6262 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 Females Tertiary 0 7 4 2 2 0 1 0 16 Technical, Trade 0 0 2 2 0 0 1 0 5 Other Post-Secondary 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 5 Complete Secondary 0 16 20 5 15 6 1 0 63 Part Secondary 0 93 61 { 26 4 2 5 { Primary, No Formal { 88 { 300 School ing 0 8 12 { 1 0 0 0 { Unknown 385 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 389 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 n8 Total Persons Tertiary 0 45 34 21 14 3 5 0 122 Technical, Trade 0 3 28 129 12 0 4 0 176 Other Post'Secondary 0 0 6 5 15 12 2 0 40 Complete Secondal'y 0 62 415 55 153 69 27 3 784 Part Secondary 0 1tl92 1462 { 651 122 243 21 { Primary, No Formal {1500 {6532 school ing 0 117 310 { 75 7 132 0 { Unknown 6366 197 41 10 11 24 2 0 6651 TOTAL 6366 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305

* See Explanatory Note 9 (Continued •• )

32 ------

NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 8. NUMBERS OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND KNOIIN HIGHEST LEVEL OF EOUCA TI ON *

(b) PERCENTAGES BY LEVEL OF EDUCATION

LEVEL ATTAINED NSII VIC QLD II A SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL

Males

Tertiary .0 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.0 .0 .8 Technical, Trade .0 .1 1.2 7.8 1.4 .0 .7 .0 1.3 Other Post-Secondary .0 .0 .3 .2 1.2 5.3 .5 .0 .3 Complete Secondary .0 2.1 18.0 3.1 15.6 27.8 6.3 15.8 5.3 Part Secondary .0 82.1 63.8 { 70.f! 52.0 58.8 84.2 { Primary, No Formal {S7.1 {46.1 school ing .0 5.0 13.6 { 8.4 3.1 32.2 .0 { Unknown 100.0 8.9 1.8 .6 1.2 10.6 .5 .0 46.3

TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 - Females

Tertiary .0 5.6 4.0 2.0 4.2 .0 20.0 .0 2.1 Technical, Trade .0 .0 2.0 2.0 .0 .0 20.0 .0 .6 Other Post-Secondary .0 .0 .0 1.0 8.3 .0 .0 .0 .6 Complete Secondary .0 12.8 19.8 5.1 31.3 60.0 20.0 .0 8.1 Part Secondary .0 74.4 60.4 { 54.2 40.0 40.0 100.0 { Primary, No Formal {88.9 {38.6 Schooling .0 6.4 11.9 { 2.1 .0 .0 .0 { Unknown 100.0 .8 2.0 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 50.0

TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Persons

Tertiary .0 1.9 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.2 .0 .9 Technical, Trade .0 .1 1.2 7.5 1.3 .0 1.0 .0 1.2 Other Post· Secondary .0 .0 .3 .3 1.6 5.1 .5 .0 .3 Complete Secondary .0 2.7 18.1 3.2 16.4 29.1 6.5 12.5 5.5 Part Secondary .0 81.7 63.7 { 69.9 51.5 58.6 87.5 { Primary, No Formal

TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* See Explanatory Note 9

33 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 9. NUMBERS OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND KNOIIN PRIOR ADULT IMPRISl1NMENT UNDER SENTENCE * (a) NUMBERS

PRIOR IMPRISONMENT NSII VIC QLD \I A SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Yes 2939 1574 1090 1149 622 150 316 11 7851 No 2933 617 956 472 252 57 88 8 5383 Unknown 109 0 149 0 9 20 6 0 293 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 Females Yes 170 82 31 56 33 6 0 2 380 No 210 43 50 43 14 4 5 3 372 UI'.known 5 0 20 0 1 0 0 0 26 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778 Total Persons Yes 3109 1656 1121 1205 655 156 316 13 8231 No 3143 660 1006 515 266 61 93 11 5755 Unknown 114 0 169 0 10 20 6 0 319 TOTAL 6366 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305

(b) PERCENTAGES BY PRIOR IMPRISONMENT PRIOR IMPRISONMENT IISII VIC QlD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males 'fes 49.1 71.8 49.7 70.9 70.4 66.1 77.1 57.9 58.0 No 49.0 28.2 43.6 29.1 28.5 25.1 21.5 42.1 39.8 Unknowl' 1.8 .0 6.8 .0 1.0 8.8 1.5 .0 2.2 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females Yes 44.2 65.6 30.7 56.6 68.8 60.0 .0 40.0 48.8 No 54.5 34.4 49.5 43.4 29.2 40.0 100.0 60.0 47.8 Unknown 1.3 .0 19.8 .0 2.1 .0 .0 .0 3.3 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Total Persons I Yes 48.8 71.5 48.8 70.1 70.4 65.8 76.1 54.2 57.5 No 49.4 28.5 43.8 29.9 28.6 25.7 22.4 45.8 40.2 Unknown 1.8 .0 7.4 .0 1.1 8.4 1.4 .0 2.2 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * In Victoria includes episodes on remand as well as episodes under sentence

34 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 10. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND LEGAL STATUS OF PRISONER *

(a) NU~BERS LEGAL STATUS NSW VIC QLD WA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL f-. Males Under Sentence 4681 1834 1912 1426 674 193 345 0 11065 Awaiting Appesl 502 3 94 21 8 0 0 0 628 Unfit to Plead + 18 16 0 2 0 2 1 0 39 Unconvicted 721 324 178 151 162 32 63 17 1648 Awaiting Sentence 47 13 0 10 38 0 0 2 110 Awaiting Deport'n 12 1 3 0 1 0 1 0 18 Unknown 0 0 8 11 0 0 0 0 19 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 Females Under Sentence 282 100 87 89 32 9 3 0 602 Awaiting Appeal 33 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 36 Unfi t to Plead + 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Unconvicted 69 24 11 8 13 1 2 5 133 Awaiting Sentence 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 4 Unknown 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778 Total Persons Under Sentence 4963 1934 1999 1515 706 202 348 0 11667 Awaiting Appeal 535 4 95 22 8 0 0 0 664 Unfit to Plead + 19 16 0 2 0 2 1 0 40 Unconv i c ted 790 348 189 159 175 33 65 22 1781 Awaiting Sentenr.e 47 13 0 11 41 0 0 2 114 Awaiting Deport'n 12 1 3 0 1 0 1 0 18 Unknown 0 0 10 11 0 0 0 0 21 TOTAL 6366 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305

* See Exp l anatory Note 15. + Includes prisoners not guilty but detained on grounds of insanity. (Continued •• )

35 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 10. NUI~BER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION. SEX AND LEGAL STATUS OF PRISONER * (b) PERCENTAGES BY LEGAL STATUS

LEGAL STATUS NSII VIC QLD II A SA TAS N T ACT TOl"L Males

Under Sentence 78.3 83.7 87.1 88.0 76.3 85.0 84.1 .0 81.8 Awaiting Appeal 8.4 .1 4.3 1.3 .9 .0 .0 .0 4.6 Unfit to Plead + .3 .7 .0 .1 .0 .9 .2 .0 .3 Unconvicted 12.1 14.8 8.1 '1.3 18.3 14.1 15.4 89.5 12.2 Awaiting Sentence .8 .6 .0 .6 4.3 .0 .0 10.5 .8 Awaiting Deport'n .2 .0 .1 .0 .1 .0 .2 .0 .1 Unknown .0 .0 .4 .7 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

remales Under Sentence 73.2 80.0 86.1 89.9 66.7 90.0 60.0 .0 77.4 Awaiting Appeal 8.6 .8 1.0 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 4.6 Unfit to Plead + .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 Unconvicted 17.9 19.2 10.9 8.1 27.1 10.0 40.0 100.0 17.1 AWaiting Sentence .0 .0 .0 1.0 6.3 .0 .0 .0 .5 Unknown .0 .0 2.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .3 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Persons Under Sentence 78.0 83.5 87.1 88.1 75.8 85.2 83.9 .0 81.6 Awaiting Appeal 8.4 .2 4.1 1.3 .9 .0 .0 .0 4.6 Unfit to Plead + .3 .7 .0 .1 .0 .8 .2 .0 .3 Unconvicted 12.4 15.0 8.2 9.2 18.8 13.9 15.7 91.7 12.5 Awaiting Sentence .7 .6 .0 .6 4.4 .0 .0 8.3 .8 Awaiting Deport'n .2 .0 .1 .0 .1 .0 .2 .0 .1 Unknown .0 .0 .4 .6 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1

TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* See Exp l ana tor)' Note 15. + Includes prisoners not guilty but detained on grounds of insanity.

36 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

FIGURE 7 - PERCENTAGE OF PRISONERS BY LEGAL STATUS

100

90

80

70 p II 60 r c II n ml Remand t 50 a ~ Appeal 9 II II Sentenced 40

30

20

10

0 1/1 C '0 02 051 c ~ ~ 02 III °C t: °2 0 0 C ....0 c ~ ~ c ...... ~ () iii ..... °E .... 3: II) ... E °E t: 1/1 1/1 III :l :l 1/1 III III :l :> III c l- I- ~ :l < < I- < 0 E ..c: E C en III ....:l III .... " .... 0 ..c: 00. :i: 1/1 1/1 -e c zIII III 0 U 3t z t: ~ .....~ 1/1 :l <

37 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 11. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX P"~D LEVEL OF COURT OF SENTENCE OR MOST RECENT REMAND * (a) NUMBERS LEVEL OF COURT NSl/ VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Supreme 487 279 750 483 389 114 151 5 2658 District, County 2679 996 750 507 116 1 a 0 5049 Magistrate 2561 886 680 578 304 105 258 14 5386 Childrens 57 a 4 20 0 7 a 0 88 Other 197 1 8 25 62 0 1 a 294 Unknown 0 29 3 8 12 0 0 a 52 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 Females supreme 29 9 42 16 15 5 4 0 120 District, County 144 43 31 40 11 0 0 0 269 Magistrate 200 70 27 42 17 4 1 5 366 Chi ldrens 0 a 0 1 0 1 a 0 2 Other 12 a 1 a 5 0 a a 18 Unknown 0 3 0 a a a a a 3 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778 Total Persons Supreme 516 288 792 499 404 119 155 5 2778 District, County 2823 1039 781 547 127 1 0 a 5318 Magistrate 2761 956 707 620 321 109 259 19 5752 Childrens 57 0 4 21 a 8 0 a 90 Other 209 1 9 25 67 a 1 a 312 Unknown a 32 3 8 12 a 0 0 55 TOTAL 63£' 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305 (b) PERCENTAGES BY LEVEL OF COURT LEVEL OF COURT NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Supreme 8.1 12.7 34.2 29.8 44.1 50.2 36.8 26.3 19.6 Oistrict, County 44.8 45.5 34.2 31.3 13.1 .4 .0 .0 37.3 Magistrate 42.8 40.4 31.0 35.7 34.4 46.3 62.9 73.7 39.8 chi ldrens 1.0 .0 .2 1.2 .0 3.1 .0 .0 .7 Other 3.3 .0 .4 1.5 7.0 .0 .2 .0 2.2 Unknown .0 1.3 .1 .5 1.4 .0 .0 .0 .4 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females Supreme 7.5 7.2 41.6 16.2 31.3 50.0 80.0 .0 15.4 District, County 37.4 34.4 30.7 40.4 22.9 .0 .0 .0 34.6 Magistrate 51.9 56.0 26.7 42.4 35.4 40.0 20.0 100.0 47.0 childrens .0 .0 .0 1.0 .0 10.0 .0 .0 .3 Other 3.1 .0 1.0 .0 10.4 .0 .0 .0 2.3 Unknown .0 2.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .4 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Persons Supreme 8.1 12.4 34.5 29.0 43.4 50.2 37.3 20.8 19.4 District, County 44.3 44.9 34.0 31.8 13.6 .4 .0 .0 37.2 Magistrate 43.4 41.3 30.8 36.0 34.5 46.0 62.4 79.2 40.2 Childrens .9 .0 .2 1.2 .0 3.4 .0 .0 .6 Other 3.3 .0 .4 1.5 7.2 .0 .2 .0 2.2 Unknown .0 1.4 .1 .5 1.3 .0 .0 .0 .4 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * See Explanatory Note 13.

38 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 12. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE * (a) NUMBERS OFFENCE/CHARGE NSII VIC QLD IIA S A TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Homicide 486 283 287 121 98 45 39 0 1359 Assault 668 155 145 175 67 15 61 2 1288 Sex Offences 451 193 363 236 103 15 50 1 1412 Other Against Person 44 46 11 13 16 0 13 0 143 Robbery 707 284 205 174 114 6 17 4 1511 Extortion 15 6 4 1 1 0 0 0 27 Break and Enter 981 300 340 247 160 11 59 2 2100 Fraud & Misappropriation 234 51 130 48 33 11 4 2 513 Receiving 180 24 32 18 17 4 3 0 278 Other Theft 558 248 182 109 54 31 33 0 1215 Property DamaGe 69 32 38 22 12 6 7 1 187 Environmental Offence 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Government Security 7 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 13 Just ice Procedures 200 136 93 119 123 54 64 0 789 Possession of lIeapon 39 0 13 3 1 0 1 0 57 Other Aga inst Good ordel' 40 37 10 19 12 1 4 1 124 Possession, Use Drugs 73 16 40 15 6 0 3 0 153 Deal/Traffick Drugs 494 224 94 103 35 1 2 5 958 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 67 16 16 20 6 0 6 1 132 Driving off!!nces 284 31 74 78 1 5 27 0 500 Licence, Registration 0 79 86 52 0 0 9 0 226 Other Traffic Offences 208 3 0 0 18 21 0 0 250 Other Offences 172 19 28 44 6 1 7 0 277 Offences in Custody 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2 Unknown 0 7 0 2 0 0 0 0 9 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 females Homicide 32 10 26 11 7 2 1 0 89 Assault 30 3 8 9 2 0 0 1 53 Sex Offences 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 Other Against Person 6 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 11 Robbery 26 16 10 3 2 0 1 1 59 Extortion 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Break and Enter 55 14 5 16 4 0 0 0 94 Fraud & Misappropriation 35 11 12 18 10 4 0 1 91 Receiving 17 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 22 Other Theft 65 28 12 8 4 0 0 0 117 Property Damage 4 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 8 Justice Procedures 13 17 2 12 13 4 1 0 62 Other Against Good order 4 2 0 8 0 0 0 0 14 Possession, Use Drugs 8 1 5 1 1 0 0 0 16 Deal/Traffick Drugs 50 14 9 5 2 0 0 2 82 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 6 Driving Offences 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 5 Licence, Registration 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 3 Other Traffic Offences 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Other Offences 30 0 5 1 0 0 1 0 37 Unknown 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778 * See Explanatory Note 11. (Continued •• )

39 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 12. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE * (a) NUMBERS (Continued) OFFENCE/CHARGE NSW VIC QLD WA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Total Persons Homicide 518 293 313 132 105 47 40 0 1448 Assault 698 158 153 184 69 15 61 3 1341 Sex Offences 453 195 364 236 103 15 50 1 1417 Other Against Person 50 50 11 13 16 0 14 0 154 Robbery 733 300 215 177 116 6 18 5 1570 Extortion 17 6 4 1 1 0 0 0 29 Break and Enter 1036 314 345 263 164 11 59 2 2194 Fraud & Misappropriation 269 62 142 66 43 15 4 3 604 Receiving 197 26 34 18 18 4 3 0 300 Other Theft 623 276 194 117 58 31 33 0 1332 Property Damage 73 32 39 25 12 6 7 1 195 Environmental Offence 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Government Security 7 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 13 Justice Procedures 213 153 95 131 136 58 65 0 851 Possession of Weapon 39 0 13 3 1 0 1 0 57 Other Against Good Order 44 39 10 27 12 1 4 1 138 Possession, Use Drugs 81 17 45 16 7 0 3 0 169 Oeal/Traffick Drugs 544 238 103 108 37 1 2 7 1040 Manufacture/Grol

* See Explanatory Note 11. (Cont inued •• )

40 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 12. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE * (b) PERCENTAGES BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE OFFENCE/CHARGE NSIJ VIC QLD IJ A S A TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Homicide 8.1 12.9 13.1 7.5 11.1 19.8 9.5 .0 10.0 Assault 11.2 7.1 6.6 10.8 7.6 6.6 14.9 10.5 9.5 Sex Offences 7.5 8.8 16.5 14.6 11.7 6.6 12.2 5.3 10.4 Other Against Person .7 2.1 .5 .8 1.8 .0 3.2 .0 1.1 Robbery 11.8 13.0 9.3 10.7 12.9 2.6 4.1 21.1 11.2 Extortion .3 .3 .2 .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 .2 Break and Enter 16.4 13.7 15.5 15.2 18.1 4.8 14.4 10.~ 15.5 Fraud & Misappropriation 3.9 2.3 5.9 3.0 3.7 4.8 1.0 10.5 3.8 Receiving 3.0 1.1 1.5 1.1 1.9 1.8 .7 .0 2.1 Other Theft 9.3 11.3 8.3 6.7 6.1 13.7 8.0 .0 9.0 Property Damage 1.2 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.4 2.6 1.7 5.3 1.4 Environment},l Offence .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Government.lecur i ty .1 .0 .2 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 Justice Pro.. :edures 3.3 6.2 4.2 7.3 13.9 23.8 15.6 .0 5.8 Possess i on :-f IJeapon .7 .0 .6 .2 .1 .0 .2 .0 .4 Other Agaim\' Good order .7 1.7 .5 1.2 1.4 .4 1.0 5.3 .9 Possession, .'J;;;e Drugs 1.2 .7 1.8 .9 .7 .0 .7 .0 1.1 Deal/TrafficK urugs 8.3 10.2 4.3 6.4 4.0 .4 .5 26.3 7.1 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 1.1 .7 .7 1.2 .7 .0 1.5 5.3 1.0 Driving Offences 4.7 1.4 3.4 4.8 .1 2.2 6.6 .0 3.7 Licence, Registration .0 3.6 3.9 3.2 .0 .0 2.2 .0 1.7 Other Traffic Offences 3.5 .1 .0 .0 2.0 9.3 .0 .0 1.8 Other Offences 2.9 .9 1.3 2.7 .7 .4 1.7 .0 2.0 Offences in custody .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .2 .0 .0 Unknown .0 .3 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females Homicide 8.3 8.0 25.7 11.1 14.6 20.0 20.0 .0 11.4 Assault 7.8 2.4 7.9 9.1 4.2 .0 .0 20.0 6.8 Sex Offences .5 1.6 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .6 Other Against Person 1.6 3.2 .0 .0 .0 .0 20.0 .0 1.4 Robbery 6.8 12.8 9.9 3.0 4.2 .0 20.0 20.0 7.6 Extortion .5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .3 Break and Enter 14.3 11.2 5.0 16.2 8.3 .0 .0 .0 12.1 Fraud & Misappropriation 9.1 8.8 11.9 18.2 20.8 40.0 .0 20.0 11.7 Receiving 1•• 4 1.6 2.0 .0 2.1 .0 .0 .0 2.8 Other Theft 16.9 22.4 11.9 8.1 8.3 .0 .0 .0 15.0 Property Damage 1.0 .0 1.0 3.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.0 Justice Procedures 3.4 13.6 2.0 12.1 27.1 40.0 20.0 .0 8.0 Other Against Good order 1.0 1.6 .0 8.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.8 Possess ion, Use Drugs 2.1 .8 5.0 1.0 :!.1 .0 .0 .0 2.1 Deal/Traffick Drugs 13.0 11.2 8.9 5.1 4.2 .0 .0 40.0 10.5 ManufactureiGrow Drugs .8 .0 1.0 1.0 2.1 .0 .0 .0 .8 Driving Offences .8 .0 1.0 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .6 Licence, Registration .0 .0 1.0 2.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .4 Other Traffic Offences .0 .0 .0 .0 2.1 .0 .0 .0 .1 Other Offences 7.8 .0 5.0 1.0 . .0 .0 20.0 .0 4.8 Unknown .0 .8 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 * See Explanatory Note 11. (Continued •• )

41 NATIONAL PlUSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 12.(b) NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE * (b) PERCENTAGES BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE (Continued) OFFENCE/CHARGE NSW VIC OLD WA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Total Persons Homicide 8.1 12.7 13.6 7.7 11.3 19.8 9.6 .0 10.1 Assault 11.0 6.8 6.7 10.7 7.4 6.3 14.7 12.5 9.4 Sex Offences 7.1 8.4 15.9 13.7 11.1 6.3 12.0 4.2 9.9 Other Against Person .S 2.2 .5 .8 1.7 .0 3.4 .0 1.1 Robbery 11.5 13.0 9.4 10.3 12.5 2.5 4.3 20.8 11.0 Extortion .3 .3 .2 .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 .2 Break and Enter 16.3 13.6 15.0 15.3 17.6 4.6 14.2 8.3 15.3 Fraud & Misappropriation 4.2 2.7 6.2 3.8 4.6 6.3 1.0 12.5 4.2 Receiving 3.1 1.1 1.5 1.0 1.9 1.7 .7 .0 2.1 Other Theft 9.8 11.9 8.4 6.8 6.2 13.1 8.0 .0 9.3 Property Damage 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.3 2.5 1.7 4.2 1.4 Environmental Offence .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Government Security .1 .0 .2 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 Justice Procedures 3.3 6.6 4.1 7.(. 14.6 24.5 15.7 .0 5.9 Possess ion of Weapon .6 .0 .6 .2 .1 .0 .2 .0 .4 Other Against Good Order .7 1.7 .4 1.6 1.3 .4 1.0 4.2 1.0 Possession, Use Drugs 1.3 .7 2.0 .9 .8 .0 .7 .0 1.2 Deal/Traffick Drugs 8.5 10.3 4.5 6.3 4.0 .4 .5 29.2 7.3 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 1.1 .7 .7 1.2 .8 .0 1.4 4.2 1.0 Driving Offences 4.5 1.3 3.3 4.6 .1 2.1 6.5 .0 3.5 licence, Registration .0 3.4 3.8 3.1 .0 .0 2.2 .0 1.6 Other Traffic Offences 3.3 .1 .0 .0 2.0 8.9 .0 .0 1.8 Other Offences 3.2 .8 1.4 2.6 .6 .4 1.9 .0 2.2 Offences in custody .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .2 .0 .0 Unknown .0 .3 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* See Explanatory Note 11. (Continued .. )

42 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

FIGURE 8 - PERCENTAGE OF PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE

100

90

80

IlDI Other 70 II Traffic p o Drugs II 50 r II Good Order c II • Property n 50 t a ~ Robbery 9 • Person II 40

30

20

10

0 III C "C ,!2 ,!2 c ~ 2:- ,!2 Q) ';:: c 'c 0 0 0 c c ...... c ..... "in ] ] ] ~ u c III 1/1 E 'E 'E 1/1 .c: Q) ::l ::l 1/1 Q) Q) ::l ..... :> Q) c l- I- ::s ::l < < I- < 0 0 .c: c I/) E .... E Q) ::l Q) ...... 0 .c: 'ii :I: III III -e c Q) Q) 0 () Z ~ Z c ,!2 e.... ::sIII <

43 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 12. (CONTINUED) NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISOICTION SEX AND MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE*

(c) RATES OF PRISONERS PER 100,000 POPULATION

OFFENCE/CHARGE NSII VIC QLD II A SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Homicide 22.5 17.4 26.7 19.9 18.1 27.2 68.9 .0 21.4 Assault 30.9 9.5 13.5 28.8 12.3 9.1 107.8 1.9 20.3 Sex Offences 20.8 11.9 33.8 38.9 19.0 9.1 88.4 .9 22.3 Other Against Person 2.0 2.8 1.0 2.1 2.9 .0 23.0 .0 2.3 Robbery 32.7 17.4 19.1 28.7 21.0 3.6 30.0 3.8 23.8 Extortion .7 .4 .4 .2 .2 .0 .0 .0 .4 Break and Enter 45.3 18.4 31.7 40.7 29.5 6.6 104.3 1.9 33.1 Fraud & Misappropriation 10.8 3.1 12.1 7.9 6.1 6.6 7.1 1.9 8.1 Receiving 8.3 1.5 3.0 3.0 3.1 2.4 5.3 .0 4.4 Other Theft 25.8 15.2 17.0 18.0 9.9 18.7 58.3 .0 19.2 Property Damage 3.2 2.0 3.5 3.6 2.2 3.6 12.4 .9 2.9 Environmental Offence .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 Government Security .3 .1 .4 .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .2 Justice Procedures 9.2 8.4 8.7 19.6 22.7 32.6 113.1 .0 12.4 Possession of Weapon 1.8 .0 1.2 .5 .2 .0 1.8 .0 .9 Other Against Good Order 1.8 2.3 .9 3.1 2.2 .6 7.1 .9 2.0 Possession, Use Drugs 3.4 1.0 3.7 2.5 1.1 .0 5.3 .0 2.4 Deal/Traffick Drugs 22.8 13.8 8.8 17.0 6.4 .6 3.5 4.7 15.1 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 3.1 1.0 1.5 3.3 1.1 .0 10.6 .9 2.1 Driving Offences 13.1 1.9 6.9 12.9 .2 3.0 47.7 .0 7.9 Licence, Registration .0 4.9 8.0 8.6 .0 .0 15.9 .0 3.6 Other Traffic Offences 9.6 .2 .0 .0 3.3 12.7 .0 .0 3.9 Other Offences 7.9 1.2 2.6 7.3 1.1 .6 12.4 .0 4.4 Offences in custody .0 .0 .0 .2 .0 .0 1.8 .0 .0 Unknown .0 .4 .0 .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 TOTAL 276.4 134.6 204.4 267.2 162.7 137.2 724.6 18.0 213.3 Females Homicide 1.4 .6 2.4 1.8 1.3 1.2 1.9 .0 1.4 Assault 1.4 .2 .7 1.5 .4 .0 .0 1.0 .8 Sex Offences .1 .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 Other Against Person .3 .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.9 .0 .2 Robbery 1.2 1.0 .9 .5 .4 .0 1.9 1.0 .9 Extortion .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Break and Enter 2.5 .8 .5 2.7 .7 .0 .0 .0 1.5 Fraud & Misappropriation 1.6 .7 1.1 3.0 1.8 2.3 .0 1.0 1.4 Receiving .8 .1 .2 .0 .2 .0 .0 .0 .3 Other Theft 2.9 1.7 1.1 1.3 .7 .0 .0 .0 1.8 Property Damage .2 .0 .1 .S .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 Justice Procedures .6 1.0 .2 2.0 2.3 2.3 1.9 .0 1.0 Other Aga inst Good Order .2 .1 .0 1.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .2 Possess i on, Use Drugs .4 .1 .5 .2 .2 .0 .0 .0 .2 Deal/Traffick Drugs 2.3 .8 .8 .8 .4 .0 .0 1.9 1.3 Manufacture/Grow Drugs .1 .0 .1 .2 .2 .0 .0 .0 .1 Driving Offences .1 .0 .1 .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 Licence, Registration .0 .0 .1 .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Other Traffic Offences .0 .0 .0 .0 .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 Other Offences 1.4 .0 .5 .2 .0 .0 1.9 .0 .6 Unknown .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 TOTAL 17.3 7.4 9.3 16.4 8.6 5.8 9.7 4.8 12.0 * Rates based on all persons aged 17 and over (Continued •• )

44 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 12. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISOICTION SEX AND MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE* (c) RATES OF PRISONERS PER 100,000 POPULATION (Continued) OFFENCE/CHARGE NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Total Persons Homicide 11.8 8.8 14.5 10.9 9.5 14.0 37.0 .0 11.3 Assault 15.9 4.8 7.1 15.2 6.3 4.5 56.4 1.4 10.5 Sex Offences 10.3 5.9 16.9 19.5 9.4 4.5 46.3 .5 11.1 Other Against Person 1.1 1.5 .5 1.1 1.5 .0 13.0 .0 1.2 Robbery 16.7 9.1 10.0 14.6 10.5 1.8 16.7 2.4 12.2 Extortion .4 .2 .2 .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 .2 Break and Enter 23.6 9.5 16.0 21.8 14.9 3.3 54.6 1.0 17.1 Fraud & Misappropriation 6.1 1.9 6.6 5.5 3.9 4.5 3.7 1.4 4.7 Receiving 4.5 .8 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.2 2.8 .0 2.3 Other Theft 14.2 8.3 9.0 9.7 5.3 9.2 30.5 .0 10.4 Property Damage 1.7 1.0 1.8 2.1 1.1 1.8 6.5 .5 1.5 Environmental Offence .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Government Secur i ty .2 .0 .2 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 Justice Procedures 4.9 4.6 4.4 10.8 12.4 17.2 60.1 .0 6.6 Possession of lIeapon .9 .0 .6 .2 .1 .0 .9 .0 .4 Other Against Good Order 1.0 1.2 .5 2.2 1.1 .3 3.7 .5 1.1 Possession, Use Drugs 1.8 .5 2.1 1.3 .6 .0 2.8 .0 1.3 Deal/Traffick Drugs 12.4 7.2 4.8 8.9 3.4 .3 1.9 3.3 8.1 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 1.6 .5 .8 1.7 .6 .0 5.6 .5 1.1 Dr iving Offences 6.5 .9 3.5 6.5 .1 1.5 25.0 .0 3.9 Licence, Ra~istration .0 2.4 4.0 4.5 .0 .0 8.3 .0 1.8 Other Traffic Offences 4.7 .1 .0 .0 1.7 6.2 .0 .0 2.0 Other Offences 4.6 .6 1.5 3.7 .5 .3 7.4 .0 2.4 Offences in Custody .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .9 .0 .0 Unknown .0 .2 .0 .2 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 TOTAL 145.2 69.9 106.4 142.2 84.6 70.4 384.0 11.4 111.6

* Rates based on all persons aged 17 and over

4S NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 13. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND FEDERAL OFFENDER STATUS *

(0) NUMBERS FEDERAL OFFENCE NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Yes 462 88 44 77 12 0 1 10 694 No 5519 2103 2021 1544 671 101 409 9 12577 Unknown 0 0 130 0 a 126 0 a 256 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 Females Yes 48 8 13 16 4 0 0 3 92 No 337 117 84 83 44 4 5 2 676 Unknown a 0 4 a a 6 0 0 10 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778 Total Persons Yes 510 96 57 93 16 0 1 13 786 No 5856 2220 2105 1627 915 105 414 11 13253 Urknown 0 0 134 0 0 132 0 0 266 TOTAL 6366 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305

(b) PERCENTAGES BY FEDERAL OFFENDER STATUS FEDERAL OFFENCE NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males Yes 7.7 4.0 2.0 4.8 1.4 .0 .2 52.6 5.1 No 92.3 96.0 92.1 95.2 98.6 44.5 99.8 47.4 93.0 Unknown .0 .0 5.9 .0 .0 55.5 .0 .0 1.9 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females Yes 12.5 6.4 12.9 16.2 8.3 .0 .0 60.0 11.8 No 87.5 93.6 83.2 83.8 91.7 40.0 100.0 40.0 86.9 Unknown .0 .0 4.0 .0 .0 60.0 .0 .0 1.3 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Persons Yes 8.0 4.1 2.5 5.4 1.7 .0 .2 54.2 5.5 No 92.0 95.9 91.7 94.6 98.3 44.3 99.8 45.8 92.6 Unknown .0 .0 5.8 .0 .0 55.7 .0 .0 1.9 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* See Explanatory Note 12.

46 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 14. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND KNOIIN ALCOHOL/DRUG INVOLVEMENT IN OFFENCES/CHARGES * (a) NUMBERS

Under influence of •• VIC OLD TAS N T ACT TOTAL Support Habit of ••

Males

Influ~nce of -Alcohol 332 347 85 294 6 1064 -Drugs 0 218 19 20 4 261

-Other 0 10 0 4 0 14 support Hab i t -Alcohol 0 51 12 27 1 91 -Drugs 0 42 6 18 4 70

-Other 0 5 1 3 0 9 Females

Influence of -Alcohol 8 19 2 2 1 32 -Drugs 0 21 1 2 3 27 -Other 0 5 0 0 0 --5 support Habit -Alcohol 0 10 0 0 0 10

-Drugs 0 15 0 1 2 18 -Other 0 2 0 0 0 2

Total Persons

InflUence of -Alcohol 340 366 87 296 7 1096 t- -Drugs 0 239 20 22 7 288

-Other 0 15 0 4 0 19

Support Habi t -Alcohol 0 61 12 27 1 101

-Drugs 0 57 6 19 6 88 .. - -Other 0 7 1 3 0 11

* Readers are cautioned not to interpret these data as necessarily complete or representative of other jurisdictions. See Explanatory Note 16.

47 NA110NAL PRISON CENSUS 30 6.1990

Table 14. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISilICTiO;l. SEX AND KNOYN ALCOHOL/DRUG INVOLVEMENT IN OFFENCES/CHARGES * (b) PERCENTAGES BY ALCOHOL/DRUG HJVOLVEMEN1 Under influence of •• VIC QLD TAS N T ACT TOTAL Support. Hobit of •• Males Inf luence of ·Alcohol 15.2 15.8 37.4 71.7 31.6 7.9 -Drugs .0 9.1f 8.4 4.9 21.1 1.9 -Other .0 .5 .0 1.0 .0 .1 support Habit 'Alcohol .0 2.3 5.3 6.6 5.3 .7 - -Drugs .0 1.9 2.6 4.4 21.1 .5 -Other .0 .2 .4 .7 .0 .1 Females Influence of -Alcohol 6.4 18.8 20.0 40.0 20.0 4.1 -Drugs .0 20.8 10.0 40.0 60.0 3.5 -Other .0 5.0 .0 .0 .0 .6 Support Habit -Alcohol .0 9.9 .0 .0 .0 1.3 -Drugs .0 14.9 .0 20.0 40.0 2.3 -Other .0 2.0 .0 .0 .0 .3 Total Persons Influence of -Alcohol 14.7 15.9 36.7 71.3 29.2 7.7 -Drugs .0 10.4 8.4 5.3 29.2 2.0 -Other .0 .7 .0 1.0 .0 .1 Support Habit -Alcohol .0 2.7 5.1 6.5 4.2 .7 -Drugs .0 2.5 2.5 4.6 25.0 .6 -Other .0 .3 .4 .7 .0 .1

* Readers are cautioned not to interpret these data as necessarily complete or representative of other jurisdictions. See Explanatory Note 16.

48 NATIONAl, PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 15. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND TYPE OF SENTENCE * (a) NUMBERS SENTENCE TYPE NSW VIC QlD IIA SA TAS N T TOTAL Males

life 229 72 128 82 51 34 11 607 Governor's Pleasure 18 16 7 36 9 Z 1 89 Adninistrative 0 0 7 0 0 2 0 9 Indefinite 1708 1246 153 659 494 4 231 4495 Fixed Term 2449 517 1651 598 123 151 100 5589 Fine Default Only 13 2 '44 74 5 1 3 142 Periodic 784 0 0 0 0 0 0 784 Unknown 0 0 16 0 0 1 0 17

TOTAL 5201 1853 2006 1449 682 195 346 11732 Females life 12 2 11 10 2 2 0 39 Governor's Pleasure 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Indefinite 56 63 42 40 22 0 3 226 Fixed Term 202 36 30 35 8 7 0 318 Fine Default Only 1 0 2 5 0 0 0 8 Periodic 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 Unknown 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 l TOTAL 316 101 88 90 32 9 3 639 Tetal Persons

life 241 74 139 ~2 53 36 11 646 Governor's Pleasure 19 16 7 36 9 2 1 90 Adninistrative 0 0 7 0 0 2 0 9 Indefinite 1764 1309 195 699 516 4 234 4721 Fixed Term 2651 553 1681 633 131 158 100 59()7 Fine Default Only 14 2 46 79 5 1 3 150 Periodic 828 0 0 0 0 0 0 828 Unknown 0 0 19 I 0 0 1 0 20 TOTAL 5517 1954 2094 1539 714 204 349 12371

* See Explanatory Note 18.

49 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 15. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND TYPE OF SENTENCE * (b) PERCENTAGES BY TYPE OF SENTENCE

SENTENCE TYPE NSII VIC OLD II A SA TAS N T TOTAL I Males

Life 4.4 3.9 6.4 5.7 7.5 17.4 3.2 5.2 Governor's Pleasure .3 .9 .3 2.5 1.3 1.0 .3' .8 Adninistrative .0 .0 .3 .0 .0 1.0 .0 .1 Indefinite 32.8 67.2 7.6 45.5 72.4 2.1 66.8 38.3 Fixed Term 47.1 27.9 82.3 41.3 18.0 77.4 28.9 47.6 Fine Default Only .2 .1 2.2 5.1 .7 .S .9 1.2 Per'Jodie 15.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.7 Unknown .0 .0 .8 .0 .0 .S .0 .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females

Life 3.8 2.0 12.5 11.1 6.3 22.2 .0 6.1 Governor's Pleasure .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .2 Indefinite 17.7 62.4 47.7 44.4 68.8 .0 100.0 35.4 Fixed Term 63.9 35.6 34.1 38.9 25.0 77.8 .0 49.8 Fine Default Only .3 .0 2.3 5.6 .0 .0 .0 1.3 Pe,iodie 13.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.9 Unknown .0 .0 3.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .5 TOTAL 100.0 -100 •. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Persons

Life 4.4 3.8 6.6 6.0 7.4 17.6 3.2 5.2 Governor's pleasure .3 .8 .3 2.3 1.3 1.0 .3 .7 Adninistrative .0 .0 .3 .0 .0 1.0 .0 .1 Indefinite 32.0 67.0 9.3 45.4 72.3 2.0 67.0 38.2 Fixed Term 48.1 28.3 80.3 41.1 18.3 77.5 28.7 47.7 Fine Default Only .3 .1 2.2 5.1 .7 .5 .9 1.2 Periodic 15.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.7 Unknown .0 .0 .9 .0 .0 .5 .0 .2

TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* See Explanatory Ilote 18.

so NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 16. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND M()HEGATE SENTENCE * (a) NUMBERS SENTENCE NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T TOTAL Hales Periodic 784 0 0 0 0 0 0 784 Under 1 month 43 9 19 3 7 8 8 97 1 and under 3 months 76 16 87 63 23 13 9 287 3 and under 6 months 276 120 124 103 15 14 26 678 6 and under 12 months 652 232 218 198 43 28 67 1438 1 and under 2 years 677 284 269 211 79 38 76 1634 2 and under 5 years 1077 489 503 352 163 29 81 2694 5 and under 10 years 973 343 414 294 201 21 44 2290 10 years and over 396 254 198 113 91 6 23 1081 Life, Governor's Pleasure 247 106 174 110 60 37 12 746 Unknown 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 3 TOTAL 5201 1853 2006 1449 682 195 346 11732 Females Periodic 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 Under 1 month 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 5 1 and under 3 months 9 5 2 4 3 0 0 23 3 and under 6 months 24 5 6 9 0 0 0 44 6 and under 12 months 60 23 12 20 4 5 0 124 1 and under 2 years 57 23 13 19 7 1 1 121 2 and under 5 years 70 24 24 20 12 0 2 152 5 and under 10 years 33 14 18 4 3 0 0 72 10 years and over 4 4 2 3 1 0 0 14 Life, Governor's Pleasure 13 2 11 10 2 2 0 40 TOTAL 316 101 88 90 32 9 3 639 Total Persons Periodic 828 0 0 0 0 0 0 828 Under 1 month 45 10 19 4 7 9 8 102 1 and under 3 months 85 21 89 67 26 13 9 310 3 and under 6 months 300 125 130 112 15 14 26 722 6 and under 12 months 712 255 230 218 47 33 67 1562 1 and under 2 years 734 307 282 230 86 39 77 1755 2 and under 5 years 1147 513 527 372 175 29 83 2846 5 and under 10 years 1006 357 432 298 204 21 44 2362 10 years and over 400 258 200 116 92 6 23 i()95 Life, Governor's Pleasure 260 108 185 120 62 39 12 786 Unknown 0 0 0 2 0 1 ~ 3 TOTAL 5517 1954 2094 1539 714 204 349 12371

* See Explanatory Note 17. (Cont inued •• )

51 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 16. NUMBER OF SENTEr/CEO PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND AGGREGATE SENTENCE * (b) PERCENTAGES BY AGGREGATE SENTENCE SENTENCE NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T TOTAL Males Periodic 15.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.7 Under 1 month .8 .5 .9 .2 1.0 4.1 2.3 .8 1 and-under 3 months 1.5 .9 4.3 4.3 3.4 6.7 2.6 2.4 3 and under 6 months 5.3 6.5 6.2 7.1 2.2 7.2 7.5 5.8 6 and under 12 months 12.5 12.5 10.9 13.7 6.3 14.4 19.4 12.3 1 and under 2 years 13.0 15.3 13.4 14.6 11.6 19.5 22.0 13.9 2 and under 5 years 20.7 26.4 25.1 24.3 23.9 14.9 23.4 23.0 5 and under 10 years 18.7 18.5 20.6 20.3 29.5 10.8 12.7 19.5 10 years and over 7.6 13.7 9.9 7.8 13.3 3.1 6.6 9.2 Life, Governor's Pleasure 4.7 5.7 8.7 7.6 8.8 19.0 3.5 6.4 Unknown .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .5 .0 .0 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females Periodic 13.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.9 Under 1 month .6 1.0 .0 1.1 .0 11.1 .0 .8 1 and under 3 months 2.8 5.0 2.3 4.4 9.4 .0 .0 3.6 3 and under 6 months 7.6 5.0 6.8 10.0 .0 .0 .0 6.9 6 and under 12 months 19.0 22.8 13.6 22.2 12.5 55.6 .0 19.4 1 and under 2 years 18.0 22.8 14.8 21.1 21.9 11.1 33.3 18.9 2 and under 5 years 22.2 23.8 27.3 22.2 37.5 .0 66.7 23.8 5 and under 10 years 10.4 13.9 20.5 4.4 9.4 .0 .0 lL3 10 years and over 1.3 4.0 2.3 3.3 3.1 .0 .0 2.2 Life, Governor's Pleasure 4.1 2.0 12.5 11.1 6.3 22.2 .0 6.3 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Persons Periodic 15.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.7 Under 1 month .8 .5 .9 .3 1.0 4.4 2;3 .8 1 and under 3 months 1.5 1.1 4.3 4.4 3.6 6.4 2.6 2.5 3 and under 6 month~ 5.4 6.4 6.2 7.3 2.1 6.9 7.4 5.8 6 and under 12 months 12.9 13.1 11.0 14.2 6.6 16.2 19.2 12.6 1 and under 2 years 13.3 15.7 13.5 14.9 12.0 19.1 22.1 14.2 2 and under 5 years 20.8 26.3 25.2 24.2 24.5 14.2 23.8 23.0 5 and under 10 years 18.2 18.3 20.6 19.4 28.6 10.3 12.6 19.1 10 years and over 7.3 13.2 9.6 7.5 12.9 2.9 6.6 8.9 Life, Governor's Pleasure 4.7 5.5 8.8 7.1l 8.7 19.1 3.4 6.4 Unknown .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .5 .0 .0 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* See Explanatory Note 17.

52 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 17. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND TIME ALREADY SERVED IN CURRENT EPISODE * (a) NUMBERS TIME SERVED NSII VIC QLD IIA S A TAS N T TOTAL Males

Periodic 784 0 0 0 0 0 0 784 Under 1 month 386 189 299 200 66 30 53 1223 1 and under 3 months 681 315 300 305 80 50 60 1791 3 and under 6 months 753 269 289 245 99 23 93 1771 6 and under 12 months 942 317 286 244 122 21 42 1974 1 and under 2 years 770 303 317 195 130 20 49 1784 2 and under 5 years 719 324 367 202 143 26 42 1823 5 and under 10 years 100 99 92 53 31 13 7 395 10 years and over 66 37 5S 5 11 12 0 186 Unknown 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 TOTAL 5201 1853 2006 1449 682 195 346 11732 Females Periodic 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 Under 1 month 43 13 14 16 7 1 0 94 1 and under 3 months 50 30 21 25 5 1 0 132 3 and under 6 months 49 19 13 22 6 5 1 115 6 and under 12 months 74 23 14 12 6 0 2 131 1 and under 2 yaars 28 4 11 4 5 0 0 52 2 and under 5 years 19 10 13 6 2 0 0 50 5 and under 10 years 5 0 1 4 1 2 0 13 10 years and over 4 2 1 1 0 0 0 8 TOTAL 316 101 88 90 32 9 3 639 Total Persons Periodic 828 0 0 0 0 0 0 828 Under 1 month 429 202 313 216 73 31 53 1317 1 and under 3 months 731 345 321 330 85 51 60 1923 3 and under 6 months 802 288 302 267 105 28 94 1886 6 and under 12 months 1016 340 300 256 128 21 44 2105 1 and under 2 years 798 307 328 199 135 20 49 1836 2 and under 5 years 738 334 380 208 145 26 42 1873 5 and under 10 years 105 99 93 57 32 15 7 408 10 years and ovel' 70 39 56 6 11 12 0 194 Unknown 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

TOTAL 5517 1954 2094 1539 714 204 349 12371

* i.e. Time served since most recent reception. Time served prior to any escape or breach cf parole is not counted.

53 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 17. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND TIME ALREADY SERVED IN CURRENT EPISODE * (b) PERCENTAGES BY TIME ALREADY SERVED -- TIME SERVED NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T TOTAL Males Periodic 15.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.7 Under 1 month 7.4 10.2 14.9 13.8 9.7 15.4 15.3 10.4 1 and under 3 months 13.1 17.0 15.0 21.0 11.7 25.6 . 17.3 15.3 3 and under 6 months 14.5 14.5 14.4 16.9 14.5 11.8 26.9 15.1 6 and under 12 months 18.1 17.1 14.3 16.8 17.9 10.8 12.1 16.8 1 and under 2 years 14.8 16.4 15.8 13.5 19.1 10.3 14.2 15.2 2 and under 5 years 13.8 17.5 18.3 13.9 21.0 13.3 12.1 15.5 5 and under 10 years 1.9 5.3 4.6 3.7 4.5 6.7 2.0 3.4 10 years and over 1.3 2.0 2.7 .3 1.6 6.2 .0 1.6 Unknown .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females Periodic 13.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.9 Under 1 month 13.6 12.9 15.9 17.8 21.9 11.1 .0 14.7 1 and under 3 months 15.8 29.7 23.9 27.8 15.6 11.1 .0 20.7 3 and under 6 months 15.5 18.8 14.8 24.4 18.8 55.6 33.3 18.0 6 and under 12 months 23.4 22.8 15.9 13.3 18.8 .0 66.7 20.5 1 and under 2 years 8.9 4.0 12.5 4.4 15.6 .0 .0 8.1 2 and under 5 years 6.0 9.9 14.8 6.7 6.3 .0 .0 7.8 5 and under 10 years 1.6 .0 1.1 4.4 3.1 22.2 .0 2.0 10 years and over 1.3 2.0 1.1 1.1 .0 .0 .0 1.3 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Tota l Persons Periodic 15.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.7 Under 1 month 7.8 10.3 14.9 14.0 10.2 15.2 15.2 10.6 1 and under 3 months 13.2 17.7 15.3 21.4 11.9 25.0 17.2 15.5 • 3 and under 6 months 14.5 14.7 14.4 17.3 14.7 13.7 26.9 15.2 6 and under 12 months 18.4 17.4 14.3 16.6 17.9 10.3 12.6 17.0 1 and under 2 years 14.5 15.7 15.7 12.9 18.9 9.8 14.0 14.8 2 and under 5 years 13.4 17.1 18.1 13.5 20.3 12.7 12.0 15.1 5 and under 10 years 1.9 5.1 4.4 3.7 4.5 7.4 2.0 3.3 10 years and over 1.3 2.0 2.7 .4 1.5 5.9 .0 1.6 Unknown .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 -. TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* i.e. Time served since most recent reception. Time served prior to any escape or breach of parole is not counted.

54 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 18. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND ACTUAL TIME EXPECTED TO SERVE IN PRISON * (a) NUMBERS OFFENCE NSII VIC QlD IIA SA TAS N T TOTAL Males Periodic 784 0 0 0 0 0 0 784 Under 1 month 40 13 48 45 13 8 18 185 1 and under 3 months 148 121 168 120 27 20 32 636 3 and under 6 months I 419 252 206 237 62 30 79 1285 6 and under 12 months 158 408 281 284 105 38 79 1953 1 and under 2 years 974 370 297 262 147 18 56 2124 2 and under 5 years 1285 364 490 239 185 32 57 2652 5 and under 10 years 470 140 283 130 77 8 12 1120 10 years and over 76 83 58 9 6 2 1 235 Life, Governor's pleasure 247 88 174 110 60 39 11 729 Unknown 0 14 1 13 0 0 1 29 TOTAL 5201 1853 2006 1449 682 195 346 11732 Females Periodic 44 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 Under 1 month 3 2 0 4 1 1 0 11 1 and under 3 months 14 8 9 10 2 0 0 43 3 and under 6 months 44 30 11 24 7 3 0 119 6 and under 12 months 67 32 13 24 9 3 2 150 1 and under 2 years 71 12 14 11 6 0 1 115 2 and under 5 years 42 12 25 I, 4 0 0 87 5 end under 10 years 16 1 4 2 1 0 0 24 10 years and over 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 Life, Governor's Pleasure 13 2 11 10 2 2 0 40 Unknown 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3 TOTAL 316 101 88 90 32 9 3 639 Total Persons Periodic 828 0 0 0 0 0 0 828 Under 1 month 43 15 48 49 14 9 18 196 1 and under 3 months 162 129 177 130 29 20 32 679 3 and under 6 months 463 282 217 261 69 33 79 1404 6 and under 12 months 825 440 29f, 308 114 41 81 2103 1 and under 2 years 1045 382 311 273 153 18 57 2239 2 and under 5 years 1327 376 515 243 189 32 57 2739 5 and under 10 years 486 141 287 132 78 II 12 1144 10 years and over 78 84 58 9 6 2 1 238 Life, Governor's Pleasure 260 90 185 120 62 41 11 769 Unknown 0 15 2 14 0 0 1 32 TOTAL 5517 1954 2094 1539 714 20-', 349 12371

* i.e. Time between most recent reception and earl iest possible releas!\ date

55 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table lB. NUMBER CF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND ACTUAL TIME EXPECTED TO SERVE IN PRISON * (b) PERCENTAGES BY TIME EXPECTED TO SERVE

OFFENCE NSW VIC QLD lolA SA TAS 1/ T TOTAL Males Periodic 15.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6,7 Under 1 month .8 .7 2.4 3.1 1.9 4.1 5.2 1.6 1 and under 3 months 2.8 6.5 B.4 8.3 4.0 10.3 9.2 5.4 3 and under 6 months 8.1 13.6 10.3 16.4 9.1 15.4 22.8 11.0 6 and under 12 months 14.6 22.0 14.0 19.6 15.4 19.5 22.8 16.6 1 and under 2 years 18.7 20.0 14.8 18.1 21.6 9.2 16.2 18.1 2 ~.nd under 5 years 24.7 19.6 24.4 16.5 27.1 16.4 16.5 22.6 5 and under 10 years 9.0 7.6 14.1 9.0 11.3 4.1 3.5 9.5 10 years and over 1.5 4.5 2.9 .6 .9 1.0 .3 2.0 Life, Governor's Pleasure 4.7 4.7 8.7 7.6 8.8 20.0 3.2 6.2 Unknown .0 .S .0 .9 .0 .0 .3 .2 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females Periodic 13.9 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.9 Under 1 month .9 2.0 .0 4.4 3.1 11.1 .0 1.7 1 and under 3 months 4.4 7.9 10.2 11.1 6.3 .0 .0 6.7 3 and under 6 months 13.9 29.7 12.5 26.7 21.9 33.3 .0 18.6 6 and under 12 months 21.2 31.7 14.8 26.7 28.1 33.3 66.7 23.5 1 and under 2 years 22.5 11.9 15.9 12.2 lB.8 .0 33.3 18.0 2 and under 5 years 13.3 11.9 28.4 4.4 12.5 .0 .0 13.6 5 and under 10 years 5.1 1.0 4.5 2.2 3.1 .0 .0 3.8 10 years and over .6 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .5 Life, Governor's Pleasure 4.1 2.0 12.5 11.1 6.3 22.2 .0 6.3 Unkno",n .0 1.0 1.1 1.1 .0 .0 .0 ,5 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Tota l Persons Periodic 15.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 6.7 Under 1 month .8 .8 2.3 3.2 2.0 4.4 5.2 1.6 1 and under 3 months 2.9 6.6 8.5 8.4 4.1 9.8 9.2 5.5 3 and under 6 months 8.4 14.4 10.4 17.0 9.7 16.2 22.6 11.3 6 and under 12 months 15.0 22.5 14.0 20.0 16.0 20.1 23.2 17.0 1 and under 2 years 18.9 19.5 14.9 17.7 21.4 B.8 16.3 18.1 2 and under 5 years 24.1 19.2 24.6 15.8 26.5 15.7 16.3 22.1 5 and under 10 years 8.8 7.2 13.7 8.6 10.9 3.9 3.4 9.2 10 years and over 1.4 4.3 2.8 .6 .8 1.0 .3 1.9 Life, Governor's Pleasure 4.7 4.6 8.8 7.8 8.7 20.1 3.2 6.2 Unknown .0 .8 .1 .9 .0 .0 .3 .3 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* i.e. Time between most recent reception and earliest possible release date

S6 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 19. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND ORIGINAL JURISDICTION OF SENTENCE OR REMAND IN CUSTODY ORDER * (a) NUMBERS ORIGINAL JURISDICTION NSII VIC QlD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males New South lIales 5868 0 4 1 3 0 0 0 5876 Victoria 7 2191 2 0 5 0 0 0 2205 Queensland 11 0 2189 1 1 0 0 0 2202 lIestern Australia 2 0 0 1619 2 0 0 0 1623 South Austral ia 6 0 0 0 871 0 0 0 877 Tasmal1ia 0 0 0 0 0 227 0 0 227 Northern Territory 1 0 0 0 1 0 410 0 412 Aust. Capital Territory 86 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 105 TOTAL 5981 2191 2195 1621 883 227 410 19 13527 Females New South lIales 379 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 380 Victoria 0 125 0 0 0 0 0 0 125 Queensland 2 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 102 lIestern Australia 0 0 0 99 0 0 0 0 99 South Austral ia 0 0 0 0 48 0 0 0 48 Tasmania 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 10 Northern Territory 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 5 Aust. Capital Territory 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 9 TOTAL 385 125 101 99 48 10 5 5 778 Total Persons

New South lIales 6247 0 5 1 3 0 0 0 6256 Victoria 7 2316 2 0 5 0 0 0 2330 Queensland 13 0 2289 1 1 0 0 0 2304 lIestern Australia 2 0 0 1718 2 0 0 0 1722 South Australia 6 0 0 0 919 0 0 0 925 Tasmania 0 0 0 0 0 237 0 0 237 Northern Territory 1 0 0 0 1 0 415 0 417 Aust. capital Territory 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 114 TOTAL 6366 2316 2296 1720 931 237 415 24 14305

* See Explanatory Note 14.

57 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 19. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND JURISDICTION OF SENTENCE OR REMAND IN CUSTODY ORDER * (b) PERCENTAGES BY JURISDICTION OF SENTENCE/REMAND ORIGINAL JURISDICTION NSII VIC QlD II A S A TAS N T ACT TOTAL Males

New South IJales 98.1 .0 .2 .1 .3 .0 .0 .0 43.4 Victoria .1 100.0 .1 .0 .6 .0 .0 .0 16.3 Queensland .2 .0 99.7 .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 16.3 lIestern Australia .0 .0 .0 99.9 .2 .0 .0 .0 12.0 South Austral is .1 .0 .0 .0 98.6 .0 .0 .0 6.5 Tasmania .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 1.7 Northern Territory .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 100.0 .0 3.0 Aust. Capital Territory 1.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .8 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females New South Yales 98.4 .0 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 48.8 Victoria .0 100.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 16.1 Queensland .5 .0 99.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 13.1 lIestern Australia .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 12.7 South Australia .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 .0 6.2 Tasmania .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 1.3 Northern Territory .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 .6 Aust. Capital Territory 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 1.2 TOTAL 1;),9.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 lDO.O 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total Persons New South lIa les 98.1 .0 .2 .1 .3 .0 .0 .0 43.7 Victoria .1 100.0 .1 .0 .5 .0 .0 .0 16.3 Queensland .2 .0 99.7 .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 16.1 lIestern Australia .0 .0 .0 99.9 .2 .0 .0 .0 12.0 South Australia .1 .0 .0 .0 98.7 .0 .0 .0 6.5 Tasmania .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 1.7 Northern Territory .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 100.0 .0 2.9 Aust. Capital Territory 1.4 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .8 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* See Explanatory Note 14.

58 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

TabLa 20. NUMBER OF REMANDEES BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND TIME ALREADY SERVED ON REMAND * (a) NUMBERS

TIME SERVED NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL

HaLas Under 1 month 270 96 76 81 80 22 35 7 667 1 and under 3 months 179 94 60 36 52 7 12 6 446 3 and under 6 months 141 83 25 33 37 2 8 6 335 6 and under 12 months 130 46 13 11 26 1 9 0 236 One year and over 60 19 7 0 6 0 0 0 92 TOTAL 780 338 181 161 201 32 64 19 1776 FemaLes Under 1 month 25 9 4 6 7 1 2 1 55 1 and under 3 months 24 5 2 2 6 0 0 2 41 3 and under 6 months 8 6 0 1 2 0 0 2 19 6 and under 12 months 9 4 5 0 1 0 0 0 19 One year and over 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 TOTAL 69 24 11 9 16 1 2 5 137 TotaL Persons Under 1 month 295 105 80 87 87 23 37 8 722 1 and under 3 months 203 99 62 38 58 7 12 8 487 3 and under 6 months 149 89 25 34 39 2 8 8 354 6 and under 12 months 139 50 18 11 27 1 9 0 255 One year and over 63 19 7 0 ·6 0 0 0 95 TOTAL 849 362 192 170 217 33 66 24 1913

(b) PERCENTAGES BY TIME SERVED

TIME SERVED NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL

MaLes Under 1 month 34.6 28.4 42.0 50.3 39.8 68.8 54.7 36.8 37.6 1 and under 3 months 22.9 27.8 33.1 22.4 25.9 21.9 18.8 31.6 25.1 3 and under 6 months 18.1 24.6 13.8 20.5 18.4 6.3 12.5 31.6 18.9 6 and under 12 months 16.7 13.6 7.2 6.8 12.9 3.1 14.1 .0 13.3 One year and over 7.7 5.6 3.9 .0 3.0 .0 .0 .0 5.2 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 FemaLes Under 1 month 36.2 37.5 36.4 66.7 43.8 100.0 100.0 20.0 40.1 1 and under 3 months 34.8 20.8 18.2 22.2 37.5 .0 .0 40.0 29.9 3 and under 6 months 11.6 25.0 .0 11.1 12.5 .0 .0 40.0 13.9 6 and under 12 months 13.0 16.7 45.5 .0 6.3 .0 .0 .0 13.9 One year and over 4.3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 2.2 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 TotaL Persons Under 1 month 34.7 29.0 41.7 51.2 40.1 69.7 56.1 33.3 37.7 1 and under 3 months 23.9 27.3 32.3 22.4 26.7 21.2 18.2 33.3 25.5 3 and under 6 months 17.6 24.6 13.0 20.0 18.0 6.1 12.1 33.3 18.5 6 and under 12 months 16.4 13.8 9.4 6.5 12.4 3.0 13.6 .0 13.3 One year and over 7.4 5.2 3.6 .0 2.8 .0 .0 .0 5.0 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* i.e. Time served since most recent reception.

59 PART B - CROSSTABULATIONS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE AUSTRALIA NA110NAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 21.(a) NUMBER Of PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE AGE AND SEX • AUSTRALIA

OffENCE/CHARGE Under 20-24 25·29 30·34 35·39 40·44 45-49 50 + Unknown TOTAL 20 Yrs Years Years Years Years Years Years Years

Males Homicide 46 241 251 236 181 149 97 145 13 1359 Assault 125 408 314 190 122 54 32 27 16 1288 Sex Offences 52 225 246 250 198 175 111 140 15 1412 Other Against Person 10 31 32 31 18 9 5 5 ;) 143 Robbery 92 437 395 319 139 84 24 19 2 1511 Extortion 3 10 6 {, 0 0 2 0 0 27 Break and Enter 263 790 496 300 11,9 49 20 20 13 2100 Fraud & Misappropriation 23 71 92 81 III 57 53 55 0 513 Receiving 23 74 64 50 31 18 8 10 0 278 Other Theft 218 450 262 136 81 30 15 16 7 1215 Property Damage 23 59 40 23 15 14 5 5 '3 187 Environmental Offence a 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 4 Government security 0 1 1 5 1 0 0 5 0 13 JI.lstice Procedures 90 246 177 109 55 47 15 21 29 789 Possess i on of Weapon 4 10 12 13 9 2 4 3 0 57 Other Againat Good Order 10 35 29 17 13 8 5 5 2 124 Possess i on, Use Drugs 4 18 41 35 29 17 6 3 0 153 Peal/Traffick Prugs 13 90 160 245 195 122 69 63 1 9S8 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 5 14 15 28 25 19 12 13 1 132 Driving Offences 12 96 128 95 72 42 23 17 15 500 Licence, Registration 9 47 55 1,7 26 21 5 11 5 226 ather Traffic Offences 23 79 69 37 14 16 7 5 0 250 Other Offences 11 28 37 47 46 31 27 33 17 277 Offences in Custody 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Unknown 1 3 2 j 0 1 0 1 0 9 TOTAL 1061 3464 2924 2303 1501 965 545 623 141 13527 Females Homicide 2 15 22 15 9 11 10 3 2 89 Assault 2 18 16 7 6 1 1 2 0 53 Sex Offences 0 1 0 '3 0 1 0 0 0 5 Other Against Person 0 3 6 1 1 0 0 0 0 11 Robbery 8 18 18 7 5 3 0 0 a S9 Extortion 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 Break and Enter 7 38 31 11 7 0 0 0 0 94 Fraud & Misappropriation 1 17 14 14 17 13 6 9 0 91 Receiving 0 6 9 0 2 2 3 0 0 22 Other Theft 4 26 36 28 14 4 1 4 0 117 Property Damage 1 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 8 Justice Procedures 4 17 18 9 4 8 1 1 0 62 Other Against Good Order 0 2 5 1 2 0 3 1 0 14 Possession, Use Drugs 1 1 7 3 3 1 0 0 0 16

Deal/Traffick Drugs 0 11 :20 17 15 12 4 ~ 0 82 Manufacture/Grow Orugs 0 2 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 6 Driving offences 0 0 2 2 0 1 0 a 0 5 Licence, Registration 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 Other Traffic Offences 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Other Offen,;es 0 3 2 13 9 7 2 1 0 37 Unknown 0 a 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 TOTAL 30 1B2 210 137 97 65 31 24 2 778

(Continued •• )

62 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 21.(a) NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE AGE AND SEX - AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE/CHARGE Under 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-41. 45-49 50 + Unknown TOTAL 20 Yrs Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Total Persons Homicide 48 256 273 251 190 160 107 148 15 1448 Assault 127 426 330 197 128 55 33 29 16 1341 sex Offences 52 226 246 253 198 176 111 140 15 1417 other Against Person 10 34 38 32 19 9 5 5 2 154 Robbery 100 455 413 326 144 87 24 19 2 1570 Extortion 3 10 6 7 0 1 2 0 0 29 Break and Enter 270 828 527 311 156 49 20 20 13 2194 Fraud & Misappropriation 24 88 106 95 98 70 59 64 0 604 Receiving 23 80 '!3 50 33 20 11 10 0 300 other Theft 222 476 2~i! 164 95 34 16 20 7 1332 Property Damage 24 60 43 25. 16 14 5 5 3 195 Environmental Offence 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 1 0 4 Government security 0 1 1 5 1 0 0 5 0 13 Justice Procedures 94 263 195 118 59 55 16 22 29 851 Possession of Weapon 4 10 12 13 9 2 4 3 0 57 Other Against Good order 10 37 34 18 15 8 8 6 2 138 Possession, Use Drugs 5 19 48 38 32 18 6 3 0 169 Deal/Traffick Drugs 13 101 180 262 210 134 73 66 1 1040 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 5 16 16 29 27 19 12 13 1 138 Drivii1g Offences 12 96 130 97 72 43 23 17 15 505 Licence, Registration 9 49 55 48 26 21 5 11 5 229 Other Traffic Offences 23 80 69 37 14 16 7 5 0 251 Other Offences 11 31 39 60 55 38 29 34 17 314 Offences in Custody 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Unknown 1 3 2 2 0 1 0 1 0 10 TOTAL 1091 3646 3134 2440 1598 1030 576 647 143 14305

63 NATIONAL PIUSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 21.(b) PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE PERCENTAGES BY AGE AND SEX - AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE/CHARGE Under 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50 + Unknown TOTAL 20 Yrs Years Years Years Years Years Years Yeers Males Homicide 4.3 7.0 8.6 10.2 12.1 15.4 17.8 23,3 9.2 10.0 Assault 11.8 11.8 10.7 8.3 8.1 5.6 5.9 4.3 11.3 9.5 Sex Offences 4.9 6.5 8.4 10.9 13.2 18.1 20.4 22.5 10.6 10.4 Other Against Person .9 .9 1.1 1.3 1.2 .9 .9 .8 1.4 1.1 Robbery 8.7 12.6 13.5 13.9 9.3 8.7 4.4 3.0 1.4 11.2 Extortion .3 .3 .2 .3 .0 .0 .4 .0 .0 .2 Break and Enter 24.8 22.8 17.0 13.0 9.9 5.1 3.7 3.2 9.2 15.5 Fraud &Misappropriation 2.2 2.0 3.1 3.5 5.4 5.9 9.7 8.8 .0 3.8 Receivii1g 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.9 1.5 1.6 .0 2.1 Other Theft 20.5 13.0 9.0 5.9 5.4 3.1 2.8 2.6 5.0 9.0 Property Damage 2.2 1.7 1.4 1.0 1.0 I 1.5 .9 .8 2.1 1.4 Environmental Offence .0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .0 .0 .2 .0 .0 Government Se~Jrity .0 .0 .0 .2 .1 .0 .0 .8 .0 .1 Justice Procedures 8.5 7.1 6.1 4.7 3.7 4.9 2.8 3.4 20.6 5.8 Possession of ~eapon .4 .3 .4 .6 .6 .2 .7 .5 .0 .4 Other Against Good Order .9 1.0 1.0 .7 .9 .8 .9 .8 1.4 .9 Possession, Use Drugs .4 .5 1.4 1.5 1.9 1.8 1.1 .5 .0 1.1 Deal/Traffick Drugs 1.2 2.6 5.5 10.6 13.0 12.6 12.7 10.1 .7 7.1 Manufacture/Grow Drugs .5 .4 .5 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.1 .7 1.0 Driving Offences 1.1 2.8 4.4 4.1 4.8 4.4 4.2 2.7 10.6 3.7 Licence, Registration .8 1.4 1.9 2.0 1.7 2.2 .9 1.8 3.5 1.7 Other Traffic Offences 2.2 2.3 2.4 1.6 .9 1.7 1.3 .8 .0 1.8 Other Offences 1.0 .8 1.3 2.0 3.1 3.2 5.0 5.3 12.1 2.0 Offences in Custody .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Unknown .1 .1 .1 .0 .0 .1 .0 .2 .0 .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Females Homicide 6.7 8.2 10.5 10.9 9.3 16.9 32.3 12.5 100.0 11.4 Assault 6.7 9.9 7.6 5.1 6.2 1.5 3.2 8.3 .0 6.8 Sex Offences .0 .5 .0 2.2 .0 1.5 .0 .0 .0 .6 Other Against Person .0 1.6 2.9 .7 1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.4 Robbery 26.i' 9.9 8.6 5.1 5.2 4.6 .0 .0 .0 7.6 Extortion .0 .0 .0 .7 .G I 1.5 .0 .0 .0 .3 Break and Enter 23.3 20.9 14.8 8.0 7 .." I .0 .0 .0 .0 12.1 Fraud &Misappropriation 3.3 9.3 6.7 10.2 17.5 20.0 19.4 37.5 .0 11.7 Receiving .0 3.3 4.3 .0 2.1 3.1 9.7 .0 .0 2.8 Other Theft 13.3 14.3 17.1 20.4 14.4 6.2 3.2 16.7 .0 15.0 Property Damage 3.3 .5 1.4 1.5 '1.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.0 Justice r~ocedures 13.3 9.3 8.6 6.6 4.1 12.3 3.i! 4.2 .0 8.0 Other Against Good order .0 1.1 2.4 .7 2.1 .0 9.7 4.2 .0 1.8 Possession, Use Drugs 3.3 .5 3.3 2.2 3.1 1.5 .0 .0 .0 2.1 Deal/Traffick Drugs .0 6.0 9.5 12.4 15.5 18.5 12.9 12.5 .0 to.5 Manufacture/Grow Drugs .0 1.1 .5 .7 2.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .8 Dr iv ing Offences .0 .0 1.0 1.5 .0 1.5 .0 .0 .0 .6 Licence, Registration .0 1.1 .0 .7 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .4 Other Traffic Offences .0 .5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 Other Offences .0 1.6 1.0 9.5 9.3 10.8 6.5 4.2 .0 4.8 Unknown .0 .0 .0 .7 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

(Continued •• )

64 NA'flONAL PPJSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 21.(b) PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE PERCENTAGES BY AGE AND SEX - AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE/CHARGE Under 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-/,9 50 + Unknown TOTAL 20 Yrs Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Total Persons Homicide 4.4 7.0 8.7 10.3 11.9 15.5 18.6 22.9 10.5 10.1 Assault 11.6 11.7 10.5 8.1 8.0 5.3 5.7 4.5 11.2 9.4 Sex Offences 4.8 6.2 7.8 10.4 12.4 17.1 19.3 21.6 10.5 9.9 Other Against Person .9 .9 1.2 1.3 1.2 .9 .9 .8 1.4 1.1 Robb!!ry 9.2 12.5 13.2 13.4 9.0 8.4 4.2 2.9 1.4 11.0 Extortion .3 .3 .2 .3 .0 .1 .3 .0 .0 .2 Break and Enter 2/•• 7 22.7 16.8 12.7 9.8 4.8 3.5 3.1 9.1 15.3 Fraud &Misappropriation 2.2 2.4 3.4 3.9 6.1 6.3 1u.2 9.9 .0 4.2 Receiving 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.5 .0 2.1 Other Theft 20.3 13.1 9.5 6.7 5.9 3.3 2.8 3.1 4.9 9.3 Property Damage 2.2 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.4 .9 .8 2.1 1.4 Environmental Offence .0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .0 .0 .2 .0 .0 Government Secur i ty .0 .0 .0 .2 ,1 .0 .0 .8 .Q .1 Justice Procedures 8.6 7.2 6.2 4.8 3.7 5.3 2.8 3.4 20.3 5.9 Possession of \/eapon .4 .3 .4 .5 .6 .2 .7 .5 .0 .4 Other Aga i nst Good Order .9 1.0 1.1 .7 .9 .8 1.4 .9 1.4 1.0 Possess ion, Use Drugs .5 .5 1.5 1.6 2.0 1.7 1.0 .5 .0 1.2 Deal/Traffick Drugs 1.2 2.8 5.7 10.7 13.1 13.0 12.7 10.2 .7 7.3 Manufacture/Gr~ Drugs .5 .4 .5 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 .7 1.0 Driving Offences 1.1 2.6 4.1 4.0 4.5 4.2 4.0 2.6 10.5 3.5 Licence, Registration .8 1.3 1.8 2.0 1.6 2.0 .9 1.7 3.5 1.6 Other Traffic Offences 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.5 .9 1.6 1.2 .8 .0 1.8 Other Offences 1.0 .9 1.2 2.5 3.4 3.7 5.0 5.3 11.9 2.2 Offences in Custody .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Unknown .1 .1 .1 .1 .0 .1 .0 .2 .0 .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

65 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

TABLE 21.(c) AGE AND SEX SPECIFIC RATIOS OF PRISONERS PER 100,000 POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE - AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE/CHARGE Under 20·24 25·29 30-34 35-39 40·44 45-49 50 + TOTAL 20 Yrs Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Males Homicide 10.2 34.7 35.0 33.4 27.6 23.0 19.2 7.4 21.4 Assault 27.8 58.8 43.8 26.9 18.6 8.3 6.3 1.4 20.3 Sex Offences 11.6 32.4 34.3 35.4 30.2 27.0 21.9 7.1 22.3 Other Against Person 2.2 4.5 4.5 4.4 2.7 1.4 1.0 .3 2.3 Robbery 20.5 62.9 55.1 45.1 21.2 13.0 4.7 1.0 23.8 Extortion .7 1.4 .8 .8 .0 .0 .4 .0 .4 Break and Enter 58.6 113.8 69.1 4,?5 22.7 7.6 1•• 0 1.0 33.1 Fraud & Misappropriation 5.1 10.2 12.8 11.5 12.3 8.8 10.5 2.8 8.1 Receivh~ 5.1 10.7 8.9 7.1 1•• 7 2.8 1.6 .5 4.4 Oth~r ',!Jeft 48.6 64.8 36.5 19.2 12.3 4.6 3.0 .8 19.2 Prop'~rty Damage 5.1 8.5 5.6 3.3 2.3 2.2 1.0 .3 2.9 Enviv..:1IIlental Offence .0 .0 .0 .3 .2 .0 .0 .1 .1 Government Security .0 .1 .1 .7 .2 .0 .0 .3 .2 Justice Procedures 20.1 35.4 24.7 15.4 8.4 7.3 3.0 1.1 12.4 Possess i c.n of \leapon .9 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.4 .3 .8 .2 .9 Other Against Good order 2.2 5.0 4.0 2.4 2.0 1.2 1.0 .3 2.0 Possession, Use Drugs .9 2.6 5.7 5.0 4.4 2.6 1.2 .2 2.4 Deal/Traffick Drugs 2.9 13.0 22.3 34.7 29.7 18.8 13.6 3.2 15.1 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 1.1 2.0 2.1 4.0 3.8 2.9 2.4 .7 2.1 Driving Offences 2.7 13.8 17.8 13.4 11.0 6.5 4.5 .9 7.9 Licence, Registration 2.0 6.8 7.7 6.7 4.0 3.2 1.0 .6 3.6 Other Traffic Offences 5.1 11.4 9.6 5.2 2.1 2.5 1.4 .3 3.9 Other Offences 2.5 4.0 5.2 6.7 7.0 4.8 5.3 1.7 4.4 Offences in Custody .2 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Unknown .2 .4 .3 .1 .0 .2 .0 .1 .1 TOTAL 236.4 498.9 407.6 325.9 228.7 148.9 107.7 31.7 213.3 Females Homicide .5 2.2 3.1 2.2 1.4 1.8 2.1 .1 1.4 Assault .5 2.7 2.3 1.0 .9 .2 .2 .1 .8 Sex Offences .0 .1 .0 .4 .0 .2 .0 .0 .1 Other Against Person .0 .4 .9 .1 .2 .0 .0 .0 .2 Robbery 1.9 2.7 2.6 1.0 .8 .5 .0 .0 .9 Extortion .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .2 .0 .0 .0 Break and Enter 1.6 5.7 4.4 1.6 1.1 .0 .0 .0 1.5 Fraud & Misappropriation .2 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.6 2.1 1.3 .4 1.4 Receiving .0 .9 1.3 .0 .3 .3 .6 .0 .3 Other Theft .9 3.9 5.1 4.0 2.1 .6 .2 .2 1.8 Property Damage .2 .1 .4 .3 .2 .0 .0 .0 .1 Justice Procedures .9 2.5 2.6 1.3 .6 1.3 .2 .0 1.0 Other Against Good Order .0 .3 .7 .1 .3 .0 .6 .0 .2 Possession, Use Drugs .2 .1 1.0 .4 .5 .2 .0 .0 .2 Deal/Traffick Drugs .0 1.6 2.9 2.4 2.3 1.9 .8 .1 1.3 Manufacture/Grow Drugs .0 .3 .1 .1 .3 .0 .0 .0 .1 Driving Offences .0 .0 .3 .3 .0 .2 .0 .0 .1 Licence, Registration .0 .3 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Other Traffic Offences .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Other Offences .0 .4 .3 1.9 1.4 1.1 .4 .0 .6 Unknown .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 TOTAL 7.0 27.3 29.9 19.7 14.8 10.4 6.5 1.1 12.0

(Continued •• )

66 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 21.(c) AGE AND SEX SPECIFIC RATIOS OF PRISONERS PER 100,000 POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE . AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE/CHARGE Under 20·24 25·29 30·34 35·39 40·44 45·49 50 + TOTAL 20 Yrs Years Years Years Years Years Years Years Total Persons Homicide 5.5 18.8 19.2 17.9 14.5 12.6 10.9 3.5 11.3 Assault 14.5 31.3 23.3 14.1 9.8 4.3 3.3 .7 10.5 Sex Offences 5.9 16.6 17.3 18.0 15.1 13.8 11.3 3.3 11.1 Other Against Person 1.1 2.5 2.7 2.3 1.4 .7 .5 .1 1.2 Robbery 11.4 33.4 29.1 23.3 11.0 6.8 2.4 .5 12.2 Extortion .3 .7 .4 .5 .0 .1 .2 .0 .2 Break and Enter 30.7 60.8 37.2 22.2 11.9 3.9 2.0 .5 17.1 Fraud & Misappropriation 2.7 6.5 7.5 6.8 7.5 5.5 6.0 1.5 4.7 Receiving 2.6 5.9 5.1 3.6 2.5 1.6 1.1 .2 2.3 Other Theft 25.3 34.9 21.0 11.7 7.2 2.7 1.6 .5 10.1. Property Damage 2.7 4.4 3.0 1.8 1.2 1.1 .5 .1 1.5 Environmental Offence .0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 Government Secur i ty .0 .1 .1 .4 .1 .0 .0 .1 .1 Just ice Procedures 10.7 19.3 13.7 8.4 4.5 4.3 1.6 .5 6.6 Possession of Weapon .5 .7 .8 .9 .7 .2 .4 .1 .4 Other Against Good Order 1.1 2.7 2.4 1.3 1.1 .6 .8 .1 1.1 Possession, Use Drugs .6 1.4 3.4 2.7 2.4 1.4 .6 .1 1.3 Deal/Traffick Drugs 1.5 7.4 12.7 18.7 16.0 10.5 7.4 1.6 8.1 Manufacture/Grow Drugs .6 1.2 1.1 2.1 2.1 1.5 1.2 .3 1.1 Driving Offences 1.4 7.0 9.2 6.9 5.5 3.4 2.3 .4 3.9 Licence, Registration 1.0 3.6 3.9 3.4 2.0 1.7 .5 .3 1.8 Other Traffic Offences 2.6 5.9 4.9 2.6 1.1 1.3 .7 .1 2.0 Other Offences 1.3 2.3 2.7 4.3 4.2 3.0 2.9 .8 2.4 Offences in Custody .1 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Unknown .1 .2 .1 .1 .0 .1 .0 .0 .1 TOTAL 124.2 267.7 220.9 174.1 121.7 81.0 58.5 15.4 111.6

67 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 22. NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE ANr. ABORIGINALITY • AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE/CHARGE Aboriginal, Other Unknown TOTAL Torres St.

Nl.Illber % Number % Number % NlJITlOOr Homicide 180 12.4 1236 85.4 32 2.2 1448 Assault 357 26.6 944 70.4 40 3.0 1341 Sex Offences 276 19.5 1098 77.5 43 3.0 1417 Other Against Person 22 14.3 128 83.1 4 2.6 154 Robbery 125 8.0 1411 89.9 34 2.2 1570 Extortion 3 10.3 25 86.2 1 3.4 29 Break and Enter 356 16.2 1781 81.2 57 2.6 2194 Fraud & Misappropriation 28 4.6 553 91.6 23 3.8 604 Receiving 27 9.0 257 85.7 16 5.3 300 Other Theft 192 1/•• 4 1103 82.8 37 2.8 1332 Property Damage 41 21.0 1411 75.9 6 3.1 195 Environmental Offence 0 .0 4 100.0 0 .0 4 Government Security 1 7.7 12 92.3 0 .0 13 Justice Procedures 170 20.0 661 77.7 20 2.4 851 Possession of Weapon 8 14.0 47 82.5 2 3.5 57 Other Against Good Order 29 21.0 109 79.0 0 .0 138 possession, Use Drugs 7 4.1 152 89.9 10 5.9 169 Deal/Traffick Drugs 17 1.6 984 94.6 39 3.8 1040 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 2 1.4 132 95.7 4 2.9 138 Driving Offences 123 24.4 344 68.1 38 7.5 505 Licence, Registration 44 19.2 183 79.9 2 .9 229 Other Traffic Offences 16 6.4 205 81.7 30 12.0 251 Other Offences 15 4.8 292 93.0 7 2.2 314 Offences in Custody 1 50.0 1 50.0 0 .0 2 Unknown 1 10.0 9 90.0 0 .0 10 TOTAL 204'. 14.3 11819 82.6 445 3.1 14305

Table 22.(a) RATIOS OF PRISONERS PER 100,000 POPULATION * BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE AND ABORIGINALITY . AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE/CHARGE Aboriginal, Other TOTAL Torres St. Homicide 144.5 9.7 11.3 Assault 286.6 7.4 10.5 Sex Offences 221.5 8.7 11.1 Other Against Person 17.7 1.0 1.2 Robbery 100.3 11.1 12.2 Extortion 2.4 .2 .2 Break and Enter 285.8 14.0 17.1 Fraud &Misappropriation 22.5 4.4 4.7 Receiving 21.7 2.0 2.3 Other Theft 154.1 8.7 10.4 Property Damage 32.9 1.2 1.5 Environmental Offence .0 .0 .0 Government Security .8 .1 .1 Justice Procedures 136.5 5.2 6.6 Possession of Weapon 6.4 .4 .4 Other Against Good Order 23.3 .9 1.1 Possession, Use Drugs 5.6 1.2 1.3 Deal/Traffick Drugs 13.6 7.8 8.1 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 1.6 1.0 1.1 Dr iving Offences 98.7 2.7 3.9 Licence, Registration 35.3 1.4 1.8 Other Traffic Offences 12.8 1.6 2.0 Other Offences 12.0 2.3 2.4 Offences in custody .8 .0 .0 Unknown .8 .1 .1 TOTAL 1638.3 93.1 111.6

* Rates based on all persons aged 17 and over

68 NATIONAL PRlSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 23. NUMBER AND PERCENTAGr. OF PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE AND KNOWN PRIOR IMPRISONMENT UNDER SENTENCE - AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE/CHARGE Previously Not Previously Unknown TOTAL Imprisoned Imprisoned

Number % Number % Number % Number Homicide 761 52.6 609 42.1 78 5.4 1448 Assault 753 56.2 567 42.3 21 1.6 1341 Sex Offences 672 47.4 713 50.3 32 2.3 1417 Other Aga inst Person 96 62.3 57 37.0 1 .6 154 Robbery 1115 71.0 434 27.6 21 1.3 1570 Extortion 17 58.6 11 37.9 1 3.4 29 Break and Enter 1593 72.6 569 25.9 32 1.5 2194 Fraud & Misappropriation 240 39.7 351 58.1 13 2.2 604 Raceiving 165 55.0 131 43.7 4 1.3 300 Other Theft 883 66.3 430 32.3 19 1.4 1332 Property Damage 111 56.9 81 41.5 3 1..5 195 Environmental Offence 0 .0 4 100.0 0 .0 4 Government Security 1 7.7 '1 84.6 1 7.7 13 Justice Procedures 582 68.4 250 29.4 19 2.2 851 Possess ion of Weapon 29 50.9 27 47.4 1 1.8 57 Other Against Good order 89 64.5 49 35.5 0 .0 138 Possession, Use Drugs 73 43.2 89 52.7 7 4.1 169 Dea l/Traff i ck Drugs 432 41.5 580 55.8 28 2.7 1040 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 46 33.3 86 62.3 6 4.3 138 Driving Offences 224 44.4 273 54.1 8 1.6 505 Licence, Registration 174 76.0 54 23.6 1 .4 229 Other Traffic Offences 93 37.1 158 62.9 0 .0 251 Other Offences 71 22.6 220 70.1 23 7.3 314 Offences in custody 2 100.0 0 .0 0 .0 2 Unknown 9 90.0 1 10.0 0 .0 10 TOTAL 8231 57.5 5755 40.2 319 2.2 14305

69 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 24. NUMBERS OF PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCEhARGE AND LEGAL STATUS OF PRISONER • AUSTRALIA (a) NUMBERS OF FENCE/CHARGE Under AWaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence Deport'n Homicide 1133 69 28 207 8 a 3 1448 Assault 1047 50 5 225 8 a 6 1341 Sex Offences 1202 60 4 136 11 0 4 1417 other Against Person 108 8 a 37 1 a 0 154 Robbery 1241 102 1 217 8 1 a 1570 Extortion 24 1 a 4 a 0 a 29 Brea!< and Enter 1816 113 a 21,S 17 a 3 2191, Fraud &Misappropriation 496 34 0 67 5 1 1 604 Receiving 235 14 0 49 1 1 0 300 other Theft 1118 46 0 160 7 1 0 1332 Property Damage 159 6 1 27 2 a 0 195 Environmental Offence 2 0 a 2 a a 0 4 Government Secur i ty 7 1 a 4 a 1 0 13 Justice Procedures 725 25 a 76 23 a ::: 851 Possess i on of \/eapon 36 3 0 15 0 1 a 57 Other Against Good order 118 3 a 16 1 0 0 138 possession, Use Drugs 114 8 0 44 2 1 0 169 Deal/Traffick Drugs 794 86 0 148 6 5 1 1040 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 117 3 0 16 2 a a 138 Driving Offences 1,81 10 a 6 8 0 0 505 Licence, Registration 225 a a 4 a a a 229 Other Traffic Offences 233 7 0 9 2 0 0 251 Other Offences 225 15 1 64 2 6 1 314 Offences in Custody 1 a a 1 a 0 a 2 Unknown 8 a a 2 a 0 0 10 TOTAL 11667 664 40 1781 114 18 21 14305

(b) PERCENTAGES BY LEGAL STATUS OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence Oeport'n Homicide 9.7 10.4 70.0 11.6 7.0 .0 14.3 10.1 Assault 9.0 7.5 12.5 12.6 7.0 .0 28.6 9.4 Sex Offences 10.3 9.0 10.0 7.6 9.6 .0 19.0 9.9 Other Against Person .9 1.2 .0 2.1 .9 .0 .0 1.1 Robbery 10.6 15.4 2.5 12.2 7.0 5.6 .0 11.0 Extortion .2 .2 .0 .2 .0 .0 .0 .2 Break and Enter 15.6 17.0 .0 13.8 14.9 .0 14.3 15.3 Fraud & Misappropriation 4.3 5.1 .0 3.8 4.4 5.6 4.8 4.2 Receiving 2.0 2.1 .0 2.8 .9 5.6 .0 2.1 Other Theft 9.6 6.9 .0 9.0 6.1 5.6 .0 9.3 Property Oamage 1.4 .9 2.5 1.5 1.8 .0 .0 1.4 Environmental Offence .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 Government Security .1 .2 .0 .2 .0 5.6 .0 .1 Justice Procedures 6.2 3 8 .0 4.3 20.2 .0 9.5 5.9 Possession of \/eapon .3 .5 .0 .8 .0 5.6 .0 .4 Other Against Good Order 1.0 .5 .0 .9 .9 .0 .0 1.0 Possession, Use Drugs 1.0 1.2 .0 2.5 1.8 5.6 .0 1.2 Deal/Traffick Drugs 6.8 13.0 .0 8.3 5.3 27.8 4.8 7.3 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 1.0 .5 .0 .9 1.8 .0 .0 1.0 Dr iving Offences 4.1 1.5 .0 .3 7.0 .0 .0 3.5 Licence, Registration 1.9 .0 .0 .2 .0 .0 .0 1.6 other Traffic Offences 2.0 1.1 .0 .5 1.8 .0 .0 1.8 Other Offences 1.9 2.3 2.5 3.6 1.8 33.3 4.8 2.2 Offences in Custody .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 Unknown .1 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* Includes prisoners not guilty but detained on grounds of insanity

70 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 25. NUMBERS OF PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE AND LEVEL OF COURT OF SENTENCE OR MOST RECENT REMAND - AUSTRALIA (a) NUMBERS

OFFENCE Supreme District, Magistrate Childrens Other Unknown TOTAL County

Homicide 1030 173 144 2 93 6 1448 Assault 161 510 640 7 19 4 1341 Sex Offences 590 684 107 9 25 2 1417 Other Against Person 26 95 33 0 0 0 154 Robbery 414 968 163 3 16 6 1570 Extortion 1 24 3 0 1 0 29 Break and Enter 93 910 1134 40 15 2 2194 Fraud &Misappropriation 34 300 261 1 7 1 604 Receiving 12 114 166 2 5 1 300 Other Theft 26 279 997 13 15 2 1332 Property Damage 19 89 84 0 3 0 195 Env i ronmenta l Offence 0 1 3 0 0 0 4 Government Secur i ty 1 6 5 0 0 1 13 Justice Procedures 62 171 528 10 68 12 851 Possess ion of lIeapon 3 24 27 1 2 0 57 Other Against Good Order 9 28 101 0 0 0 138 Possession, Use Drugs 38 34 92 0 4 1 169 Deal/Traffick Drugs 170 615 231 0 16 8 1040 ~ianufacture/Grow Drugs 15 79 41 0 2 1 138 Driving Offences 2 53 443 1 6 0 505 Licence, Registration 0 9 219 0 1 0 229 Other Traffic Offences 0 19 225 1 6 0 251 Other Offences 69 131 101 0 8 5 314 Offances in custody 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 Unknown 3 2 2 0 0 3 10 TOTAL 2778 5318 5752 90 312 55 14305

(b) PERCENTAGES BY LEVEL OF COURT

OFFENCE Supreme District, Magistrate Childrens Other Unknown TOTAL County

Homicide 37.1 3.3 2.5 2.2 29.8 10.9 10.1 Assault 5.8 9.6 11.1 7.8 6.1 7 :3 9.4 Sex Offences 21.2 12.9 1.9 10.0 8.0 3.6 9.9 Other Aga inst Person .9 1.8 .6 .0 .0 .0 1.1 Robbery 1.4.9 18.2 2.8 3.3 5.1 10.9 11.0 Extortion .0 .5 .1 .0 .3 .0 .2 Break and Enter 3.3 17.1 19.7 44.4 4.8 3.6 15.3 Fraud & Misappropriation 1.2 5.6 4.5 1:1 2.2 1.8 4.2 Receiving .4 2.1 2.9 2.2 1.6 1.8 2.1 Other Theft .9 5.2 17.3 14.4 4.8 3.6 9.3 Property Damage .7 1.7 1.5 .0 1.0 .0 1.4 Envi ronmenta l Offence .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 Government Secur i ty .0 .1 .1 .0 .0 1.8 .1 Justice Procedures 2.2 3.2 9.2 11.1 21.8 21.8 5.9 Possess i on of lIeapon .1 .5 .5 1.1 .6 .0 .4 Other Against Good Order .3 .5 1.8 .0 .0 .0 1.0 Possession, Use Drugs 1.4 .6 1.6 .0 1.3 1.8 1.2 Deal/Traffick Drugs 6.1 11.6 1•• 0 .0 5.1 14.5 7.3 Manufacture/Grow Drugs .5 1.5 .7 .0 .6 1.8 1.0 Driving Offences .1 1.0 7.7 1.1 1.9 .0 3.5 Licence, Registration .0 .2 3.8 .0 .3 .0 1.6 Other Traffic Offences .0 .4 3.9 1.1 1.9 .0 1.8 Other Offences 2.5 2.5 1.8 .0 2.6 9.1 2.2 Offences in Custody .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Unknown .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 5.5 .1

TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

71 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 26. NUMBER AND PERCENTAGE OF PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARG'E AND FEDERAL OFFENDER STATUS • AUSTRALIA

OFfENCE/CHARGE Federal Offender Not Federal Unknown TOTAL Offender Ntmiber % Nl.IlIber % Number % Nunber Homicide 29 2.0 1399 96.6 20 1.4 1448 Assault 22 1.6 1304 97.2 15 1.1 1341 Sex Offences 14 1.0 1386 97.8 17 1.2 1417 Other Against Person 1 .6 152 98.7 1 .6 154 Robbery 37 2.4 1508 96.1 25 1.6 1570 Extortion 2 6.9 26 89.7 1 3.4 29 Break and Enter 39 1.8 2134 97.3 21 1.0 2194 Fraud & Misappropriation 93 15.4 489 81.0 22 3.6 604 Receiving 13 4.3 284 94.7 3 1.0 300 Other Theft 34 2.6 1263 94.8 35 2.6 1332 Property Damage 4 2.1 185 94.9 6 3.1 195 Environmental Offence 2 50.0 2 50.0 0 .0 4 Government Secur i ty 3 23.1 9 69.2 1 7.7 13 Justice Procedures 21 2.5 787 92.5 43 5.1 851 Possess i on of lIeapon 2 3.5 54 94.7 1 1.8 57 Other Against Good Order 15 10.9 122 88.4 1 .7 138 Possession, Use Drugs 28 16.6 139 82.2 2 1.2 169 Deal/Traffick Drugs 183 17.6 838 80.6 19 1.8 1040 Manufacture/Grow Orugs 21 15.2 113 81.9 4 2.9 138 Driving Offenclls 11 2.2 485 96.0 9 1.8 505 Lictnce, Registration 0 .0 225 98.3 4 1.7 229 Other Traffic Offences 10 4.0 234 93.2 7 2.8 251 Other Offences 201 64.0 104 33.1 9 2.9 314 Offences in Custody 0 .0 2 100.0 0 .0 2 Unknown 1 10.0 9 90.0 0 .0 10 TOTAL 786 5.5 13253 92.6 266 1.9 14305

72 NATIONAL PlUSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 27. NUMBER OF REHANDEES BY MOST SERIOUS CHARGE AND TIME ALREADY SERVED ON REMAND . AUSTRALIA . ,r (a) NUMBERS CHARGE Under 1 1 and 3 and 6 and One year TOTAL month under 3 under 6 under 12 and over months months months Homicide 32 62 41 53 27 215 Assault 96 66 38 26 7 233 Sex Offences 51 33 38 22 3 147 Other Against Person 10 9 9 8 2 38 Robbery 65 67 56 29 9 226 Extortion 2 1 0 1 0 4 Break and Enter 116 73 49 18 6 262 Fraud & Misappropriation 31 23 9 8 2 73 Receiving 27 9 6 8 1 51 Other Theft 83 47 26 7 5 168 Property Damage 9 8 9 3 0 29 Environmental Offenc~ 1 0 1 0 0 2 Government Security 2 1 2 0 0 5 Justice Procedures 62 20 9 8 0 99 Possess ion of Weapon 3 4 2 5 2 16 Other Against Good Order 5 3 4 5 0 17 Possession, Use Drugs 24 11 7 3 2 47 Deal/Traffick Drugs 49 30 30 30 20 159 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 13 3 1 1 0 18 Driving Offences 9 2 1 2 0 14 licence, Registration 2 2 0 0 0 4 Other Traffic offences 6 3 1 1 0 11 Other offences 22 9 15 17 9 72 Offences in Custody 1 0 0 0 0 1 Unknown 1 1 0 0 0 2 ',OTAl 722 487 354 255 95 ly13

(b) PERCENTAGES BY TIME SERVED CHARGE Under 1 1 and 3 ond 6 and One year TOTAL r..;onth under 3 under 6 under 12 and over months months months Homicide 4.4 12.7 11.6 . 20.8 28.4 11.2 Assault 13.3 13.6 10.7 10.2 7.4 12.2 Sex Offences 7.1 6.8 10.7 8.6 3.2 7.7 Other Against Person 1.4 1.8 2.5 3.1 2.1 2.0 Robbery 9.0 13.8 15.8 11.4 9.5 11.8 Extortion .3 .2 .0 .4 .0 .2 Break and Enter 16.1 15.0 13.8 7.1 6.3 13.7 Fraud & Misappropriation 4.3 4.7 2.5 3.1 2.1 3.8 Receiving 3.7 1.8 1.7 3.1 1.1 2.7 Other Theft 11.5 9.7 7.3 2.7 5.3 8.8 Property Damage 1.2 1.6 2.5 1.2 .0 1.5 Environmental Offence .1 .0 .3 .0 .0 .1 Government Security .3 .2 .6 .0 .0 .3 Justice Procedures 8.6 4.1 2.5 3.1 .0 5.2 Possess ion of Weapon .4 .8 .6 2.0 2.1 .8 Other Against Good Order .7 .6 1.1 2.0 .0 .9 Possession, Use Drugs 3.3 2.3 2.0 1.2 2.1 2.5 Deal/Traffick Drugs 6.8 6.2 8.5 11.8 21.1 8.3 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 1.8 .6 .3 .4 .0 .9 Driving Offences 1.2 .4 .3 .8 .0 .7 licence, Registration • 3 ./. .0 .0 .0 .2 Other Traffic Offences .8 I .6 .3 .4 .0 .6 Other Offences 3.0 1.8 4.2 6.7 9.5 3.8 Offences in Custody .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 UnKnown .1 .2 .0 .0 .0 .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

73 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 28. NUMBER OF SENTENC~D PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE AND TYPE OF I,ENTENCE - AUSTRALIA (a) NUMBERS

OFFENCE Life Governors Adnin've In- Fixed Fine Perbdic Unknown TOTAL Pleasure definite Term Defaul t Only

Homicide 613 35 2 387 172 0 20 1 1230 Assault 4 8 1 350 607 10 120 2 1102 Sex Offences 4 20 2 684 496 1 59 0 1266 Other Against Person 0 2 0 81 30 2 1 0 116 Robbery 2 5 0 964 355 2 13 3 1344 Extortion 0 0 0 13 10 0 2 0 25 Break and Enter 0 5 0 764 1087 6 61 6 1929 Fraud & Misappropriation 0 0 0 160 322 8 40 0 530 Receiving 0 0 1 59 165 0 23 1 249 other Theft 1 0 2 244 812 15 89 1 1164 Property Damage 0 1 0 63 82 7 13 0 166 Environmental Offence 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 Government Security 0 0 0 4 3 0 1 0 8 Justice Procedures 3 10 1 256 412 22 46 0 750 Possession of Weapon 0 1 0 10 27 0 2 1 41 Other Against Good order 0 0 0 34 73 4 10 0 121 Possession, Use Drugs 5 1 0 29 68 8 11 0 122 Deal/Traffick Drugs 12 0 0 449 345 3 71 0 880 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 0 0 0 55 45 1 19 0 120 Dr iving Offences 0 0 0 27 304 39 118 3 491 Licence, Registration 0 0 0 21 186 17 0 1 225 Other Traffic Offences 0 0 0 3 126 2 109 0 240 Other Offences 1 2 0 58 176 3 0 1 241 Offences in Custody 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Unknown 1 0 0 6 1 0 0 0 8

TOTAL 646 90 9 4721 5907 150 828 20 12371

(b) PERCENTAGES BY TYPE OF SENTENCE

OFFENCE Life Governors Adnin've in- Fixed Fine Periodic Unknown TOTAL Pleasure definite Term Defaul t Only

Homicide 94.9 38.9 22.2 8.2 2.9 .0 2.4 5.0 9.9 Asuault .6 8.9 11.1 7.4 10.3 6.7 14.5 10.0 8.9 Sex Offences .6 22.2 22.2 14.5 8.4 .7 7.1 .0 10.2 Other Against Person .0 2.2 .0 1.7 .5 1.3 .1 .0 .9 Robbery .3 5.6 .0 20.4 6.0 1.3 1.6 15.0 10.9 Extortion .0 .0 .0 .3 .2 .0 .2 .0 .2 Break and Enter .0 5.6 .0 16.2 18.4 4.0 7.4 30.0 15.6 Fraud & Misappropriation .0 .0 .0 3.4 5.5 5.3 4.8 .0 4.3 Receiving .0 .0 11.1 1.2 2.8 .0 2.8 5.0 2.0 Other Theft .2 .0 22.2 5.2 13.7 10.0 10.7 5.0 9.4 Property Damage .0 1.1 .0 1.3 1.4 4.7 1.6 .0 1.3 Environmental Offence .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Government Secur i ty .0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .0 .1 .0 .1 Justice Procedures .5 11.1 11.1 5.4 7.0 14.7 5.6 .0 6.1 Possess ion of Weapon .0 1.1 .0 .2 .5 .0 .2 5.0 .3 Other Against Good Order .0 .0 .0 .7 1.2 2.7 1.2 .0 1.0 Possession, Use Drugs .8 1.1 .0 .6 1.2 5.3 1.3 .0 1.0 Deal/Traffick Drugs 1.9 .0 .0 9.5 5.8 2.0 8.6 .0 7.1 Manufacture/Grow Drugs .0 .0 .0 1.2 .8 .7 2.3 .0 1.0 DriVing Offences .0 .0 .0 .6 5.1 26.0 14.3 15.0 4.0 Licence, Registration .0 .0 .0 .4 3.1 11.3 .'l 5.0 1.8 Other Traffic Offences .0 .0 .0 .1 2.1 1.3 13.2 .0 1.9 Other Offences .2 2.2 .0 1.2 3.0 2.0 .0 5.0 1.9 Offences in custody .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Unknown .2 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1

TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

74 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 29. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE AND AGGREGATE SENTENcE . AUSTRALIA ea) NUMBERS OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 20 0 a 2 13 17 79 205 200 694 0 1230 Assaul t 120 10 29 104 194 189 238 149 57 12 a 1102 Sex Offences 59 1 a 6 28 80 323 516 227 24 2 1266 Other Against Person 1 a 1 1 11 15 32 44 10 1 0 116 Robbery 13 1 a 3 11 43 349 586 331 7 a 1344 Extortion 2 a a a 2 3 7 10 1 a a 25 Break and Enter 61 3 18 80 287 449 698 281 49 3 a 1929 Fraud & Misappropriation 40 3 16 42 90 119 160 49 11 a 0 530 Receiving 23 1 6 23 55 48 66 22 5 0 a 249 Other Theft 89 14 39 109 300 309 238 54 11 1 a 1164 Property Damage 13 5 12 10 20 32 53 17 3 1 0 166 Environmental Offence a a a 0 a 2 0 0 a a a 2 Government Security 1 0 a a a 1 1 4 1 a 0 8 Justice Procedures 46 24 51 84 163 158 144 48 17 15 a 750 Possession of Weapon 2 a 1 2 9 12 8 6 a 1 a 41 Other Against Good Order 10 4 9 15 20 26 24 12 1 a a 121 Possession, Use Drugs 11 3 11 14 10 11 22 26 8 6 a 122 Deal/Traffick Drugs 71 a 7 16 55 106 295 207 107 16 a 880 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 19 3 1 3 4 16 32 31 11 a a 120 Driving Offences 118 12 60 93 131 50 22 1 3 a 1 491 Licence, Registration a 7 19 58 89 39 12 1 a a a 225 Other Traffic Offences 109 9 23 43 38 8 3 7 a a a 240 Other Offences 0 2 7 13 28 21 39 85 42 4 a 241 Offences in custody a 0 a 1 a a a a 0 a a 1 Unknown a a a 0 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 8 TOTAL 828 102 310 722 1562 1755 2846 2362 1095 786 3 12371

(b) PERCENTAGES BY AGGREGATE SENTENCE OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 1~ 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 2.4 .0 .0 .3 .8 1.0 2.8 8.7 18.3 88.3 .0 9.9 Assault 14.5 9.8 9.4 14.4 12.4 10.8 8.4 6.3 5.2 1.5 .0 8.9 Sex Offences 7.1 1.0 .0 .8 1.8 4.6 11.3 21.8 20.7 3.1 66.7 10.2 Other Against Person .1 .0 .3 .1 .7 .9 1.1 1.9 .9 .1 .0 .9 Robbery 1.6 1.0 .0 .4 .7 2.5 12.3 24.8 30.2 .9 .0 10.9 Extortion .2 .0 .0 .0 .1 .2 .2 .4 .1 .0 .0 .2 Break and Enter 7.4 2.9 5.8 11.1 18.4 25.6 24.5 11.9 4.5 .4 .0 15.6 Fraud & Misappropriation 4.8 2.9 5.2 5.8 5.8 6.8 5.6 2.1 1.0 .0 .0 4.3 Receiving 2.8 1.0 1.9 3.2 3.5 2.7 2.3 .9 .5 .0 .0 2.0 Other Theft 10.7 13.7 12.6 15.1 19.2 17.6 8.4 2.3 1.0 .1 .0 9.4 Property Damage 1.6 4.9 3.9 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.9 .7 .3 .1 .0 1.3 Environmental Offence .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Government Security .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .2 .1 .0 .0 .1 Justice Procedures 5.6 23.5 16.5 11.6 10.4 9.0 5.1 2.0 1.6 1.9 .0 6.1 Possession of Weapon .2 .0 .3 .3 .6 .7 .3 .3 .0 .1 .0 .3 Other Against Good Order 1.2 3.9 2.9 2.1 1.3 1.5 .8 .5 .1 .0 .0 1.0 Possession, Use Drugs 1.3 2.9 3.5 1.9 .6 .6 .8 1.1 .7 .8 .0 1.0 Deal/Traffick Drugs 8.6 .0 2.3 2.2 3.5 6.0 10.4 8.8 9.8 2.0 .0 7.1 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 2.3 2.9 .3 .4 .3 .9 1.1 1.3 1.0 .0 .0 1.0 Driving Offences 14.3 11.8 19.4 12.9 8.4 2.8 .8 .0 .3 .0 33.3 4.0 Licence, Registration .0 6.9 6.1 8.0 5.7 2.2 .4 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.8 Other Traffic Offences 13.2 8.8 7.4 6.0 2.4 .5 .1 .3 .0 .0 .0 1.9 Other Offences .0 2.0 2.3 1.8 1.8 1.2 1.4 3.6 3.8 .5 .0 1.9 Offences in Custody .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Unknown .0 .0 .0 .0 .3 .1 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 I .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

* Periodic Detention. + Governor IS Pleasure.

75 NATIONAL PIUSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 30. NUMBER OF SENTENCEO PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OfFENCE AND ACTUAL TIME EXPECTED TO SERVE IN PRISON ** . AUSTRALIA (a) NUMBERS OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months years years years .. months months over Homicide 20 0 2 15 31 57 179 158 88 679 1 1230 Assault 120 14 94 174 227 208 173 69 9 13 1 1102 Sex Offences 59 0 5 37 103 232 499 267 38 24 2 1266 Other Against Person 1 1 1 15 15 22 43 13 3 2 0 116 Robbery 13 0 2 15 78 233 643 310 38 6 6 1344 Extortion 2 0 0 2 4 7 8 1 1 0 0 25 Break and Enter 61 7 68 227 486 549 466 56 4 3 2 19a9 Fraud & Misappropriation 40 9 36 85 128 125 93 12 1 0 1 530 Receiving 23 2 11 42 67 49 50 5 0 0 0 249 Other Theft 89 25 86 232 370 227 121 9 1 1 3 1164 Property Damage 13 13 11 24 41 35 21 7 0 1 0 166 Environmental Offence 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 Government Security 1 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 8 Justice Procedures 46 42 87 155 172 138 79 10 1 12 B 750 Possession of Weapon 2 2 2 6 8 12 7 1 0 1 0 41 Other Against Good Order 10 6 17 27 24 23 11 2 0 0 1 121 Possession, Use Prugs 11 8 15 14 13 15 21 17 2 6 0 122 Deal/iraffick Drugs 71 1 18 54 126 219 240 107 28 16 0 880 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 19 3 2 8 16 30 30 12 0 0 0 120 DriVing Offences 118 26 108 121 82 26 8 0 0 0 2 491 Licence, Registration 0 18 60 76 57 11 1 0 0 0 0 225 Other Traffic Offences 109 12 36 49 25 6 3 0 0 0 0 240 Other Offences ~ 7 18 19 26 13 40 86 7.4 4 4 241 Offences in Custody 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Unknown 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 8 TOTAL 828 196 679 1404 2103 2239 2739 1144 238 769 32 12371

(b) PERCENTAGES BY EXPECTED TIME TO SERVE OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 2.4 .0 .3 1.1 1.5 2.5 6.5 13.8 37.0 88.3 3.1 9.9 Assault 14.5 7.1 13.8 12.4 10.8 9.3 6.3 6.0 3.8 1.7 3.1 8.9 Sex Offences 7.1 .0 .7 2.6 4.9 10.4 18.2 23.3 16.0 3.1 6.3 10.2 other Ageinst Person .1 .5 .1 1.1 .1 1.0 1.6 1.1 1.3 .3 .0 .9 Robbery 1.6 .0 .3 1.1 3.7 10.4 23.5 27.1 16.0 .8 18.8 10.9 Extortion .2 .0 .0 .1 .2 .3 .3 .1 .4 .0 .0 .2 Break and Enter 7.4 3.6 10.0 16.2 23.1 24.5 17.0 4.9 1.7 .4 6.3 15.6 Fraud & Misappropriation 4.8 4.6 5.3 6.1 6.1 5.6 3.4 1.0 .4 .0 3.1 4.3 Receiving 2.8 1.0 1.6 3.0 3.2 2.2 1.8 .4 .0 .0 .0 2.0 other Theft 10.7 12.8 12.7 16.5 17.6 10.1 4.4 .8 .4 .1 9.4 9.4 Property Damage 1.6 6.6 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.6 .8 .6 .0 .1 .0 1.3 Environmental Offence .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .~ .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Government Security .1 .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .1 .2 .0 .0 .0 .1 Justice Procedures 5.6 21.4 12.8 11.0 8.2 6.2 2.9 .9 .4 1.6 25.0 6.1 Possession of Weapon .2 1.0 .3 .4 .4 .5 .3 .1 .0 .1 .0 .3 Other Against Good Order 1.2 3.1 2.5 1.9 1.1 1.0 .4 .2 .0 .0 3.1 1.0 Possession, Use Drugs 1.3 4.1 2.2 1.0 .6 .7 .8 1.5 .8 .8 .0 1.0 Deal/Trafficr. Drugs 8.6 .5 2.7 3.8 6.0 9.8 8.8 9.4 11.8 2.1 .0 7.1 Manufacture/Grow DrUgs 2.3 1.5 .3 .6 .8 1.3 1.1 1.0 .0 .0 .0 1.0 DriVing offences 14.3 13.3 15.9 8.6 3.9 1.2 .3 .0 .0 .0 6.3 4.0 Licence, Registration .0 9.2 8.8 5.6 2.7 .5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.8 other Traffic Offences 13.2 6.1 5.3 3.5 1.2 .3 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 1.9 Other Offences .0 3.6 2.7 1.4 1.t. .0 1.5 7.5 10.1 .5 12.5 1.9 Offences in Custody .0 .0 .0 .1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 Unknown .0 .0 .0 .3 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 3.1 .1 TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

** i.e. Time between most recent reception and earliest possible release. * Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure.

76 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 31. NUMBER OF SENTENCED FEDERAL OFFENDERS BY MOST SERIOUS or.fENCE AND AGGREGATE SENTENCE . AUSTRALIA (a) NUMBERS OFFENCE Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 7 14 27 Assault 1 0 1 4 3 5 3 3 0 20 Sex Offences 0 0 0 a 1 3 6 4 0 14 Other Against Person 0 a 0 a a a 1 a a 1 Robbery 0 a a a 2 10 13 11 a 36 Extortion 0 a a 0 0 a 2 a a 2 Break and Enter a a 1 5 9 12 10 1 0 38 Fraud & Misappropriation 1 2 2 14 16 35 9 5 0 84 Receiving a a a 1 a 4 3 2 0 10 Other Theft a a 4 4 13 10 1 a a 32 Property Damage 0 a a 1 0 a 3 0 a 4 Environmental offence 0 a a 0 1 a 0 a 0 1 Government Security a 0 0 0 a 1 1 a 0 2 Justice Procedures a 0 1 6 5 6 1 1 a 20 Possession of ~eapon 0 0 0 a 0 0 1 0 a 1 Other Against Good Order 0 0 a 3 7 1 1 0 0 12 Possession, Use Drugs 0 a 0 a 1 4 13 4 0 22 Deal/Traffick Drugs a a 1 3 2 14 55 74 5 154 Manufacture/Grow Drugs a 0 1 0 1 4 6 8 a 20 Driving Offences 1 1 1 5 1 1 0 0 0 10 Other Traffic Offences 0 0 3 5 0 a 0 a a 8 Other Offences 0 2 6 7 4 24 70 33 1 147 Unknown a a a 0 0 a 1 a 0 1 TOTAL 3 5 21 58 66 135 205 153 20 666

(b) PERCENTAGES BY AGGREGATE SENTENCE OFFENCE Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, TI.)TAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 3.7 18.5 25.9 51.9 100.0 Assaul t 5.0 .0 5.0 20.0 15.0 25.0 15.0 15.0 .0 100.0 Sex Offences .0 .0 .0 .0 7.1 21.4 42.9 28.6 .0 100.0 Other Aga inst Person .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 Robbery .0 .0 .0 .0 5.6 27.8 36.1 30.6 .0 100.0 Extortion .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 Break and Enter .0 .0 2.6 13.2 23.7 31.6 26.3 2.6 .0 100.0 Fraud &Misappropriation 1.2 2.4 2.4 16.7 19.0 41.7 10.7 6.0 .0 100.0 Receiving .0 .0 .0 10.0 .0 40.0 30.0 20.0 .0 100.0 Other Theft .0 .0 12.5 12.5 40.6 31.3 3.1 .0 .0 100.0 Property Damage .0 .0 .0 25.0 .0 .0 75.0 .0 .0 100.0 Environmental Offence .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 Government Security .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 50.0 50.0 .0 .0 100.0 Justice Procedures .0 .0 5.0 30.0 25.0 30.0 5.0 5.0 .0 100.0 Possess i on of ~eapon .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 Other Aga inst Good order .0 .0 .0 25.0 58.3 8.3 8.3 .0 .0 100.0 Possession, Use Drugs .0 .0 .0 .0 4.5 18.2 59.1 18.2 .0 100.0 Deal/Traffick Drugs .0 .0 .6 1.9 1.3 9.1 35.7 48.1 3.2 100.0 Manufacture/Grow Drugs .0 .0 5.0 .0 5.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 .0 100.0 Driving Offences 10.0 10.0 10.0 50.0 10.0 10.0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 Other Traffic Offences .0 .0 37.5 62.5 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 Other Offences .0 1.4 4.1 4.8 2.7 16.3 47.6 22.4 .7 100.0 Unknown .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 100.0 .0 .0 100.0 TOTAL .5 .8 3.2 8.7 9.9 20.3 30.8 23.0 3.0 100.0

* Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure.

77 PART C ID INTERSTATE COMPARISONS OF LEGAL STATUS AND SENTENCE LENGTH

~ I I, ~--~------

NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30,6.1990

Table 32. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE, LEGAL STATUS AND JURISDICTION NEil SOUTH IIALES OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence Deport'n

Homicide 378 51 11 72 6 0 0 518 Other Violence 881 83 5 179 3 0 0 1151 Robbery lEx tort ion 550 88 1 108 2 1 0 750 Property Offences 1m 176 1 228 18 2 0 2202 Just i ce/Secur i ty 176 17 0 22 4 1 0 220 Other Good Order 57 6 0 19 0 1 0 83 Possess i on Drugs 48 4 0 27 1 1 0 81 Trafficking Drugs 468 72 0 70 2 2 0 614 Motoring Offences 502 24 0 9 10 0 0 545 Other 126 14 1 56 1 4 0 202 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 4963 535 19 790 47 12 0 6366

VICTORIA OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence Deport'n

Homicide 223 1 13 55 1 0 0 293 Other Violence 287 1 3 60 2 0 0 353 Robbery/Extortion 239 0 0 65 2 0 0 306 Property Offences 619 0 0 87 4 0 0 710 Just i ce/l~ecur i ty 148 0 0 6 0 0 0 154 Other Good Oroer 3:; 0 0 4 0 0 0 39 Possession Drugs 12 0 0 4 1 0 0 17 Trafficking Drugs 197 2 0 52 2 1 0 254 Motoring Offences 149 0 0 14 0 0 0 163 Other 17 0 0 1 1 0 0 19 Unknown 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 8

TOTAL 1934 4 16 348 13 1 0 2316

QUEENSLAND OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting AWaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence Deport'n Homicide 262 16 0 32 0 0 3 313 Other Violence 462 21 0 32 0 0 2 517 Robber'y/Extort ion 192 12 0 15 0 0 0 219 Property Offences 655 28 0 68 0 0 3 75// Justice/Securi ty 88 2 0 8 0 0 1 99 Other Good Order 22 0 0 1 0 0 0 23 Possession Drugs 31 4 0 10 0 0 0 45 Trafficking Drugs 94 10 0 14 0 2 0 120 Motoring Offences 165 1 0 7 0 0 0 173 Other 28 1 0 2 0 1 1 33 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 TOTAL 1999 95 0 189 0 3 10 2296

T Includes prisoners not guilty but detained on grounds of insanity

80 ------

NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 32. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE, LEGAL STATUS AND JURISDICTION WESTERN AUSTRALIA OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting AWaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentenr.e Deport'n

Homicide 117 0 2 13 0 0 0 132 Other Violence 361 4 0 43 4 0 8 420 Robbery/Extortion 165 1 0 11 1 0 0 178 Property Offences 419 8 0 59 2 0 1 489 Justice/Security 114 4 0 11 2 0 1 132 Other Good Order 29 0 0 1 0 0 0 30 Possess ion Drugs 15 0 0 1 0 0 0 16 Trafficking Drugs 111 5 0 10 2 0 1 129 Motoring Offences 139 0 0 7 0 0 0 146 Other 45 0 0 1 0 0 0 46 Unknown 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2

TOTAL 1515 22 2 159 11 0 11 1720

SOUTH AUSTRAliA OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence Deport'n

Homicide 81 1 0 22 1 0 0 105 Other Violence 140 1 0 22 9 0 0 172 Robbery/Extortion 101 2 0 11 3 0 0 117 Property Offences 203 1 0 82 8 1 0 295 Justice/Security 106 3 0 10 17 0 0 136 Other Good Order 8 0 0 5 0 0 0 13 Possess i on Drugs 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 7 Trafficking Drugs 36 0 0 6 2 0 0 1,4 Motoring Offences 21 0 0 1/, 1 0 0 36 Other 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 6 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 706 8 0 175 41 1 0 931

TASMANIA OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence Deport'n

Homicide 46 0 1 0 0 (j 0 47 Other Violence 28 0 1 1 0 0 0 30 Robbery/Extortion 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 Property Offences 61 0 0 6 0 0 0 67 Justice/Security 36 0 0 22 0 0 0 58 Other Good Order 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Possess i on Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Motoring Offences 22 0 0 4 0 0 0 26 Other 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 Q 0 0

TOTAL 202 0 2 33 0 0 0 237

+ Includes prisoners not guilty but detained on grounds of insanity

81 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 32. NUMBER OF PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE, LEGAL STATUS AND JURISDIClION NORTHERN TERRITORY OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence Deport'n Homicide 26 a 1 13 0 a a 40 Other Violence 90 a 0 21 0 0 0 111 Robbery/Extort i on 12 0 0 6 0 a 0 18 Property Offences 92 a a 14 a a a 106 Justice/Security 64 () a 1 a a a 65 Other Good Order 4 a a 1 0 a a 5 Possess ion Drugs 3 a a a 0 a a 3 Trafficking Orugs 4 0 0 4 0 a 0 8 Motoring Offences 49 0 0 1 0 0 a 50 Other 4 a 0 4 0 1 0 9 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 348 0 1 65 0 1 a 415

AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence Deport'n Homicide 0 a a 0 a a a 0 Other Violence 0 0 a 3 1 a 0 4 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 a 5 0 0 0 5 Property Offences 0 0 a 6 0 a a 6 Just i ce/Securi ty 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Good Order 0 a 0 0 1 0 0 1 Possession Drugs a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 a 8 0 0 0 8 Motoring Offences 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a TOTAL 0 a a 22 2 a 0 24

+ Includes prisoners not guilty but detained on grounds of insanity

82 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 32a. NUMBER OF ABORIGINAL PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE, LEGAL STATUS AND JURISDICTION NEil SOUTH IIALES OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit teo Unconvict Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence Homicide 27 6 0 8 0 0 41 Other Violence 131 8 0 32 0 0 171 Robbery/Extort i on 35 8 0 21 0 0 64 Property Offences 174 10 0 24 2 0 210 Justice/Security 17 0 0 2 1 0 20 Other Good Order 10 0 0 0 0 0 10 Possession Drugs 3 0 0 1 0 0 4 Trafficking Drugs 7 3 0 2 0 0 12 Motor ing Offences 39 6 0 1 1 0 47 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 443 41 0 91 4 0 579

VICTORIA OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaitin!! Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentenc

QUEENSLAND OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence

Homicide 44 2 0 6 0 0 52 Other Violence 102 2 0 7 0 0 111 Robbery/Extortion 22 0 0 1 0 0 23 Property Offences 112 2 0 2 0 0 116 Justice/Security 22 0 0 0 0 0 22 Other Good order 6 0 0 0 0 0 6 Possess i on Dru!ls 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 Trafficking Drugs 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 Motoring Offences 32 0 0 0 0 0 32 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 345 6 0 16 0 0 367

+ Includes prisoners not guilty but detained on grounds of insanity (Cont inued •• )

83 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.5.1990

Table 32a. NUMBER OF ABORIGINAL PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE, LEGAl. STATUS AND JURISDICTION \.JEST ERN AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence

Homicide 36 i.l 0 3 0 0 39 other Violence 188 2 0 19 0 3 212 Robbery/Extortion 23 0 0 1 0 0 24 Property offences 153 1 0 13 1 0 168 Just i ce/Secur i ty 40 0 0 3 0 0 43 Other Good Order 14 0 0 1 0 0 15 Possess ion Drugs 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Trafficking Drugs 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Motoring Offences 71 0 0 1 0 0 72 other 9 0 0 0 0 0 9 Unknown 0 i 0 0 1 0 0 1 TOTAL .-~. ~ 0 42 1 3 585 SOUTH AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence

Homicide 7 0 0 4 0 0 11 Other Vi 0 lence 32 0 0 4 1 0 37 Robbery/Ex t.ort i on 8 0 0 1 1 0 10 Property offences 20 0 0 13 0 0 33 Just i ce/Secur i ty 23 0 0 0 3 0 26 Other Good Order 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Possess i on Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Motoring Offences I. 0 0 1 0 0 5 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 96 0 0 23 5 0 124

TASMANIA OFFENCE/CHARGE Under Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence Homicide 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 Other Violence 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Property Offences 6 0 0 1 0 0 7 Juetice/Security 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Good Order 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Possess i on Dru9s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Motoring Offences 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 11 0 0 1 0 0 12.

+ Includes prisoners not g~ilty but detained on grounds of insanity

(ContinUed •• )

84 ----~---

NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table ~2a. NUMBER OF ABORIGINAL PRISONF.RS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE/CHARGE, LEGAL STATUS AND JURISDICTION NORTHERN TERRITORY OFFENCE/CHARGE Un:fer Awaiting Unfit to Unconvict Awaiting Unknown TOTAL Sentence Appeal Plead + ed Sentence

Homicide 17 0 0 8 0 0 25 Other Violence 65 0 0 14 0 0 79 Robbi!ry/Extortic;n 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Property Offences 70 0 0 8 (j 0 78 Justice/Security 53 0 0 1 0 0 54 Other Good Order 4 0 0 0 0 0 4 Possess i on Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Motoring Offences 40 0 0 0 0 0 40 Other 3 0 0 2 0 0 5 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 252 0 0 34 0 0 286

+ Includes prisoners not guilty but detained on grounds of insanity

8S .~------._------_._--

NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 33. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE AGGREGATE SENTENCE AND JURISDICTION NEW SOUTH WALES OFFENCE P.O. ." Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 20 0 0 1 4 9 21 79 59 247 0 440 Other Vio lence 179 8 16 56 104 113 216 199 70 8 0 969 Robbery/Extortion 15 0 0 1 6 27 167 273 149 1 0 639 Property Offences 226 14 26 112 369 453 492 218 43 1 0 1954 Justice/Secur ity 47 6 13 26 54 25 14 8 0 0 0 193 other Good Order 12 2 2 4 11 13 11 !I 0 0 0 63 Possess ion Drugs 11 1 1 8 5 6 8 9 3 0 0 52 Trafficking Drugs 90 0 5 13 39 70 173 111 38 1 0 540 Motoring Offences 228 13 21 78 114 15 20 29 8 0 0 526 Other 0 1 1 1 6 3 25 72 30 2 0 141 Unknolln 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 828 45 85 300 712 734 1147 1006 400 260 0 5517

VICTORIA OFFENCE P.O. * Under , and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 0 3 4 19 40 73 98 0 237 Other Violence 0 1 1 13 18 33 91 77 52 5 0 291 Robbery/Extortion 0 1 0 0 2 4 61 94 76 1 0 239 Property Offences 0 3 5 48 130 179 203 45 6 0 0 619 Justice/Security 0 1 2 14 29 29 50 14 6 3 0 148 Other Good order 0 0 1 4 7 8 8 6 1 0 0 35 Possession Drugs 0 0 1 4 1 1 0 3 2 0 0 12 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 1 4 12 25 58 60 39 0 0 199 Motoring Offences 0 4 9 38 45 18 17 15 3 0 0 149 Other 0 0 1 0 4 5 5 2 0 0 0 17 Unknown 0 0 0 0 4 1 1 1 0 1 0 8 TOTAL 0 10 21 125 255 307 513 357 258 108 0 1954

QUEENSLAND OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 0 0 0 1 1 0 21 55 44 156 0 278 Other Violence 0 0 6 10 32 57 119 167 84 8 0 483 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 3 8 59 97 37 0 0 204 Property Offences 0 3 29 59 114 147 240 78 13 0 0 683 Just i ce/Secur ity 0 4 14 13 13 17 17 8 3 1 0 90 Other Good order 0 1 2 5 5 6 3 0 0 0 0 22 Possess i on Drugs 0 1 5 2 3 3 8 7 0 6 0 35 Trafficking Drugs 0 3 1 2 4 13 44 11 12 14 0 104 Motoring Offences 0 6 31 38 49 28 11 2 1 0 0 166 Other 0 1 1 0 6 3 5 7 6 0 0 29 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 19 89 130 230 282 527 432 200 185 (l 2094

* Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure. (Continued •• )

86 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 33. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFF.NCE AGGREGATE SENTENCE AND JURISDICTION

~ESTERN AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE P.O. .. Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 0 2 2 12 7 6 90 0 119 Other Violence 0 0 3 25 44 37 79 122 43 11 1 365 Robbery/Extort ion 0 0 0 0 2 7 43 77 32 5 0 166 Property Offences 0 0 23 29 75 86 168 38 5 3 0 427 Justice/Security 0 1 7 21 31 33 13 4 0 8 0 118 Other Good order 0 1 4 3 4 10 5 1 0 1 0 29 Possess ion Drugs 0 1 4 0 1 1 2 4 2 0 0 15 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 4 10 41 37 23 1 0 116 Motoring Offences 0 1 24 23 44 34 6 4 1 1 1 139 Other 0 0 2 11 11 10 3 4 4 0 0 45 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 4 67 112 218 230 372 298 116 120 2 1539

SOUTH AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE P.O ... Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 10 10 55 0 82 Other Violence 0 1 0 2 12 12 24 66 21 3 0 141 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 49 35 0 0 103 Property Offences 0 3 5 5 23 44 76 37 11 0 0 204 Justice/security 0 2 10 3 11 22 33 17 8 3 0 109 Other Good Order 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 3 0 0 0 8 Possession Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 5 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 3 10 19 4 0 0 36 Motoring Offences 0 1 9 3 1 3 4 0 0 0 0 21 Other 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 5 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 7 26 15 47 86 175 204 92 62 0 714

TASMANIA

OFFENCE P.O. .. Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 7 0 36 0 47 Other Violence 0 0 0 0 4 4 8 6 5 1 1 29 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 6 Property Offences 0 0 1 7 16 20 12 4 0 1 0 61 Justice/Security 0 8 5 3 5 9 4 1 1 0 0 36 Other Good Order 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Possession Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Motoring Offences 0 1 6 3 5 5 1 1 0 0 0 22 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 9 13 14 33 39 29 21 6 39 1 204

.. Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure.

(Cont inued •• )

87 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 33. NUMBER OF S~NTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE AGGREGATE SENTENrE AND JURISDICTION NORTHERN TERR !TORY OFFENCE P.O. • Under 1 end 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under undel· years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 8 12 0 27 Other Violence !l 1 3 4 S 13 24 28 9 0 0 90 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 4 3 0 0 12 Property Offences 0 3 2 4 25 30 24 3 1 0 0 92 Justice/Security 0 2 0 4 20 24 14 0 0 0 0 64 Other Good Order 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 4 Possession Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 4 Motoring Offences 0 2 3 12 11 9 10 2 0 0 0 49 Other D 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 4 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 0 8 9 26 67 77 83 !/4 23 12 0 349

* Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure.

88 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 33a. NUMBER OF ABORIGINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE AGGREGATE SENTENCE AND JURISDICTION NEW SOUTH WALES OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 9 7 12 0 33 Other Violence 6 2 5 19 24 19 30 25 9 0 0 139 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 2 16 17 4 0 0 43 Property Offences 10 1 2 8 48 45'" 49 18 3 0 0 184 Justice/Security 2 3 2 4 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 17 Other Good order 1 1 1 0 2 4 1 0 0 0 0 10 Possess ion Drugs 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 11 0 3 Trafficking Drugs 1 0 0 0 1 2 3 1 2 0 0 10 Motoring Offences 8 1 3 11 11 2 2 4 3 0 0 45 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 29 8 13 43 94 79 104 74 28 12 0 484

VICTORIA OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 2 2 1 0 8 Other Violence 0 0 1 2 0 0 6 7 1 1 0 18 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 4 Property Offences 0 0 1 1 7 13 6 1 0 0 0 29 Justice/Security 0 0 '1 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 6 Other Good Order 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Possess i on Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Motoring Offences 0 0 1 2 2 0 2 1 0 0 0 8 Other 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 TOTAL 0 0 4 7 11 16 20 13 3 2 0 76

QUEENSLAND OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 17 7 20 0 46 Other Violence 0 0 1 6 15 13 23 28 16 2 0 1J4 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 0 1 12 9 0 0 0 22 Property Offences 0 0 11 14 24 27 22 14 2 0 0 114 Justice/Security 0 1 2 1 5 5 5 2 1 0 0 22 other Good Order 0 0 0 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 6 Possess ion Drugs 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 2 Trafficking Drugs 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 Motoring Offences 0 1 9 9 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 32 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 0 3 23 33 57 50 67 70 26 22 0 351

* Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure. (Continued •• )

89 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 33a. NUMBER OF ABORIGINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE AGGREGATE SENTENCE AND JURISDICTION

WESTERN AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE P.O. • Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 0 0 2 7 3 1 23 0 36 Other Violence 0 0 2 21 33 21 39 55 11 7 1 190 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 0 2 13 5 3 0 0 23 Property Offences 0 0 12 13 44 34 40 9 1 1 0 154 Justice/Security 0 1 5 10 5 10 6 0 0 3 0 40 Other Good Order 0 1 3 3 2 3 2 0 0 0 0 14 Possess ion Drugs 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Motoring Offences 0 0 9 12 24 20 3 2 0 0 1 71 Other o l 0 0 3 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 9 TOTAL 0 2 32 62 113 94 110 74 16 34 2 539

SOUTH AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE P.O. • Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under un(ler under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 5 0 7 Other Violence 0 0 0 2 5 8 5 11 1 0 0 32 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 0 0 8 Property Offencp.s 0 0 0 1 3 8 5 2 1 0 0 20 Just i ce/Secur i ty 0 0 3 0 1 10 8 1 0 0 0 23 Other Good Order 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Possess ion Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Motoring Offences 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 4 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 0 4 5 9 28 21 21 3 5 0 96

TASMANIA

OFFENCE P.O. • Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 Other Violence 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 Property Offences 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 6 Just i ce/Secur i ty 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Good Order 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Possess ion Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1:\ 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Motoring Offences 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 0 0 3 2 2 1 1 0 2 0 11

• Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure.

(Cont inued •• )

90 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 34. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE ACTUAL TIME EXPECTED TO SERVE IN PRISON, AND JURISDICTION

NEil SOUTH IIALES

OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under' under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 ~ la and months months months years years years OVer

Homicide 2a 0 a 2 10 16 69 66 10 247 a 44a Other Violence 179 9 31 81 131 159 259 1a4 8 8 a 969 Robbery/Extortion 15 a a 5 19 108 344 127 20 1 0 639 Property Offences 226 14 45 191 473 551 417 34 2 1 a 1954 Justice/Security 47 6 17 36 48 22 15 2 a 0 a 193 Other Good order 12 2 4 9 6 16 12 2 0 0 0 63 Possess i on Drugs 11 1 5 6 6 7 6 9 1 a a 52 Trafficking Drugs 9a a la 24 59 137 145 6a 14 1 0 54a Motoring Offences 228 la 48 la8 67 24 28 11 2 0 a 526 Other a 1 2 1 6 5 32 71 21 2 0 141 Unknown a 0 0 a a 0 0 a a 0 0 0

TOTAL 828 43 162 463 825 1045 1327 486 78 260 a 5517

VICTORIA OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide a a i 6 11 16 35 17 66 85 a 237 Other Violence 0 0 15 27 6a 71 'i2 34 8 4 0 291 Robbery/Extortion 0 a a 5 29 39 99 6a 3 0 I, 239 Property Offences a 3 47 138 224 137 59 6 0 a 5 619 Justice/Security a 1 ~5 29 28 43 26 1 a a 5 148 Other Good order 0 0 4 7 8 11 4 1 0 a a 35 Possess i on Drugs a 0 3 3 1 0 3 2 a 0 a 12 Trafficking Drugs 0 1 5 23 4a 42 63 19 6 0 a 199 Motoring Offences 0 10 38 36 33 17 13 1 1 0 a 149 Other a a 1 4 5 6 1 a a a 0 17 Unknown a a 0 4 1 a 1 a 0 1 1 8

TOTAL a 15 129 282 440 382 376 141 84 90 15 1954

QUEENSLAND aFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 ~ 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 1 0 2 12 44 54 la 155 0 278 Other Vio(ence a 0 19 27 60 64 164 117 24 8 0 483 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 2 9 31 88 61 12 0 1 204 Property Offences 0 13 65 111 146 135 176 33 4 0 0 683 Justice/Security 0 11 20 14 17 16 8 2 1 1 , 0 90 Other Good Order 0 3 4 4 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 22 Possess i on Drugs 0 3 6 2 3 5 8 2 0 6 0 35 Trafficking Drugs 0 3 3 5 14 31 19 10 5 14 0 la4 Motoring Offences 0 13 58 48 31 11 3 0 0 1 1 166 Other 0 2 1 4 5 2 5 8 2 0 0 29 Unknown 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 48 177 217 294 311 515 287 58 185 2 2094

." Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure.

(Continued •• )

92 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 34. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISOtlERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE ACTUAL rIME EXPECTED TO SERVE IN PRISON, AND JURISDICTION NEil SOUTH IIALES OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 20 0 0 2 10 16 69 66 10 247 0 440 Other Violence 179 9 31 81 131 159 259 104 8 8 0 969 Robbery/Extortion 15 0 0 5 19 108 344 127 20 1 0 639 Property Offences 226 14 45 191 473 551 417 34 2 1 0 1954 Just i c,,/Secur i ty 47 6 17 36 48 22 15 2 0 0 0 193 Other Good order 12 2 4 9 6 16 12 2 0 0 0 63 Possession Drugs 11 1 5 6 6 7 6 9 1 0 0 52 Trafficking Drugs 90 0 10 24 59 137 145 60 14 1 0 540 Motoring Offences 228 10 48 108 67 24 28 11 2 0 0 526 Other 0 1 2 1 6 5 32 71 21 2 0 141 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 828 43 162 463 825 1045 1327 486 78 260 0 5517

VICTORIA

OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 1 6 11 16 35 17 66 85 0 237 Other Violence 0 0 15 27 60 71 72 34 8 4 0 291 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 5 29 39 99 60 3 0 4 239 Property Offences 0 3 47 138 224 137 59 6 0 0 5 619 Just i ce/Secur i ty 0 1 15 29 28 43 26 1 0 0 5 148 Other Good Order 0 0 I, 7 8 11 4 1 0 0 0 35 Possess ion Drugs 0 0 3 3 1 0 3 2 0 0 0 12 Trafficking Drugs 0 1 5 23 40 42 63 19 6 0 0 199 Motoring Offences 0 10 38 36 33 17 13 1 1 0 0 149 Other 0 0 1 4 5 6 1 0 0 0 0 17 Unknown 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 8

TOTAL 0 15 129 282 440 382 376 141 84 90 15 1954

QUEENSLAND OFFENCE P.O. • Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under' years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 1 0 2 12 44 54 10 155 0 278 Other Violence 0 0 19 27 60 64 164 117 24 8 0 483 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 2 9 31 88 61 12 0 1 204 Property Offences 0 13 65 111 146 135 176 33 4 0 0 683 Justice/Security 0 11 20 14 17 16 8 2 1 1 0 90 Other Good Order 0 3 4 4 7 4 0 0 0 0 0 22 Possess ion Drugs 0 3 6 2 3 5 8 2 0 6 0 35 Traff i ck ing Drugs 0 3 3 5 14 31 19 10 5 14 0 104 Motor ing Offences 0 13 58 48 31 11 3 0 0 1 1 166 Other 0 2 1 4 5 2 5 8 2 0 0 29 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 48 177 217 294 311 515 287 58 185 2 2094

• Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure. (Continued .. )

92 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 34. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE ACTUAL TIME E)(PECTED TO SERVE IN PRISON, AND JURISDICTION

WESTERN AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE P.O. • Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under ur,der under years G.P. + knolln month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 3 2 9 7 7 1 90 0 119 Other Violence 0 3 23 45 53 85 91 48 3 11 3 365 Robbel'y/Extort ion 0 0 0 2 20 38 67 32 1 5 1 166 Property Offences 0 17 36 95 132 96 38 9 0 3 1 427 Just ice/Secur i ty 0 7 19 38 27 11 5 0 0 8 3 118 Other Good Order 0 3 6 9 8 1 0 0 0 1 1 29 Possess ion Drugs 0 4 1 2 1 1 2 3 1 0 0 15 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 7 25 28 26 27 2 1 0 116 Motoring Offences 0 13 33 50 31 4 5 1 0 1 1 139 Other 0 2 12 10 9 0 2 5 1 0 4 45 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 49 130 261 308 273 243 132 9 120 14 1539

SOUTH AUSTRALIA

OFFENCE P.O. • Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 1 5 2 8 11 0 55 0 82 Other Violence 0 1 2 15 13 33 51 21 2 3 0 141 Robbery/Extort i on 0 0 1 2 4 21 43 29 3 0 0 103 Property Offences 0 3 7 30 61 51 46 6 0 0 0 204 Justice/security 0 6 7 15 22 30 21 5 0 3 0 109 Other Good Order 0 0 1 2 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 8 Possess i on Drugs 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 5 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 1 2 3 11 15 3 1 0 0 36 Motoring Offences 0 4 8 2 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 21 Other 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 5 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 14 29 69 114 153 189 78 6 62 0 714

TASMANIA

OFFENCE P.O. ." Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 3 0 2 6 0 0 36 0 47 Other Violence 0 0 3 3 5 9 4 2 3 0 29 Robbery/Extortion 0 1 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 6 PrGperty Offences .~ 0 5 17 22 6 9 1 0 1 0 61 Justice/Security 7 6 5 10 3 3 2 0 0 0 36 Other Good Order 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 '1 Possess ion Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Motoring Offences 0 2 7 5 5 2 1 0 0 0 0 22 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 9 20 33 41 18 32 8 2 41 0 204

." Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure.

(Continued •• )

93 ---,-,-----c_-----__------

NATIONAL PRlSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 34. NUMBER OF SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE ACTUAL TIME EXPECTED TO SERVE IN PRISON, AND JURISDICnON

NORTHERN TERR /TORY

OFFENCE P.O. • Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 0 1 0 10 3 1 11 1 27 Other Violence 0 1 9 13 10 23 26 8 0 0 0 90 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 1 1 3 6 1 0 0 0 12 Property Offences 0 6 7 28 35 10 6 0 0 0 0 92 Jus t i ce/Secur i ty 0 4 3 18 22 14 3 0 0 0 0 64 Other Good Order 0 0 0 a 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 Possess i on Drugs 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 Traffickir,g Drugs 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 a 0 4 Motoring Offences 0 5 13 14 8 5 4 0 0 0 0 49 CJther 0 2 0 1 i 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 Unknown 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 18 32 79 81 57 57 12 1 11 1 349

• Periodic Detention. + Governor'S Pleasure.

94 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30,6.1990

Table 34a. NUMBER OF ABORIGINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE ACTUAL EXPECTED SENTENCE, .l\ND JURISDICTION NEil SOUTH IIALES

OFFENCE P.O. • Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not rOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 1 0 0 0 2 3 8 6 1 12 0 33 Other Violence 6 2 9 25 23 28 35 10 1 0 0 139 Robbery/Extort ion 0 0 0 2 3 11 22 4 1 0 0 43 Property Offences 10 1 4 20 59 54 33 3 0 0 0 184 Justice/Security 2 3 2 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 Other Good Order 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 10 Possession Drugs 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 Traffit;king Drugs 1 0 0 1 0 4 3 1 0 0 0 10 Motoring Offences 8 2 6 14 S 4 4 1 1 0 0 45 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL 29 9 22 70 99 108 106 25 4 12 0 484

VICTORIA P.O. • Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 end 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and I"'''''' months months months :rears years years over Homicide 0 0 0 1 Q 2 2 1 1 1 0 8 other Violence 0 0 2 1 3 5 4 2 0 1 0 18 Robbery/Extortion 0 !J 0 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 4 Property Offences 0 1 1 8 13 5 1 0 0 0 0 29 Justice/Security 0 0 3 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 6 Other Good order 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 PossessIon Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Motol'ing Offences 0 1 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 8 Other () 0 0 \) 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 TOTAL 0 2 7 13 23 16 9 3 1 2 0 76 - QUEENSLAND

OfFENCE P.O. • Under 1 and 3 and 6 and i and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 12 2 20 0 46 Other Violence 0 0 9 11 16 7 30 22 7 2 0 104 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 1 2 13; 5 0 0 1 22 Property Offences 0 5 1[, 28 24 12 23 7 1 0 0 114 Justice/Solcurity 0 4 2 5 3 3 I 4 1 0 0 0 22 Other Good Order 0 0 2 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 6 Possession Drugs 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 Trafficking Drugs 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 Motoring Offences 0 1 17 9 4 1 0 !) 0 0 0 32 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 I 0 0 TOTAL 0 11 45 54 51 28 82 47 10 22 1 351

• Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure. (Continued •• )

95 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

Table 34a. (Continued) NUMBER OF ABORIGINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE ACTUAL EXPECTED SENTENCE, AND JURISDICTION WESTERN AUSTRALIA

OFFEtlCE P.O. • Under 1 ~nd 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years ovo>r

Homicide 0 0 0 1 2 5 4 0 1 23 0 36 Other Violence 0 2 19 29 30 39 46 14 2 7 2 190 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 7 5 11 0 0 0 0 23 Property Offences 0 7 17 45 44 24 13 3 0 1 0 154 Justice/Security 0 5 10 3 11 6 1 0 0 3 1 40 Other Good order 0 3 5 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 14 Possf;ssion Drugs 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Motoring Offences 0 5 16 24 21 2 2 0 0 0 1 71 Other 0 0 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 9 TOTAL 0 23 70 109 118 81 77 17 3 34 7 539

SOUTH AUSTRALIA OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, Not TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 5 0 7 Other Violence 0 0 1 9 6 5 9 2 0 0 0 32 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 1 1 6 0 0 0 0 8 Property Offences 0 0 0 4 7 5 4 0 0 0 0 20 Justice/Security 0 1 2 1 7 12 0 0 0 0 0 23 Other Good Order 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Possess i on Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 Motoring Offences 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ITOTAL 0 1 4 15 23 25 20 3 0 5 0 96

TASMANIA OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 tife, Not- TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G,P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over Homicide 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 a 1 0 3 Other Violence 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Property Offences 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 6 Just ice/Socur ity 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Good Order 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Possession Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 0 Motoring Offences 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Other 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 0 0 3 2 2 1 1 0 0 2 0 11

* Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure. (Continued •• )

96 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

TRble 34a. (Continued) NUMBER OF ABORIGINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE ACTUAL EXPECTED SENTENCE, AND JURISDICTION

NORTHERN TERRITORY

OFFENCE P.O. * Under 1 and 3 and 6 and 1 and 2 and 5 and 10 Life, tJot TOTAL 1 under under under under under under years G.P. + known month 3 6 12 2 5 10 and months months months years years years over

Homicide 0 0 0 0 1 0 8 3 1 4 0 17 other Violence 0 0 8 11 8 14 18 6 0 0 0 65 Robbery/Extortion 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Property Offences 0 5 6 23 26 5 5 0 0 0 0 70 Justice/Security 0 2 2 17 20 10 2 0 0 0 0 53 other Good !Jrder 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 Possession Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trafficking Drugs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Motoring Offences 0 4 11 12 7 2 4 0 0 0 0 40 Other 0 2 0 1 Q 0 0 0 0 0 lJ 3

TOTAL 0 13 27 66 63 32 37 9 1 4 0 252

* Periodic Detention. + Governor's Pleasure.

97 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30,6,1990

Table 35. SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE AND JURISDICTION AVERAGE TIME EXPECTED TO SERVE * MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE NSII VIC QlD IIA SA TAS N T TOTAL

Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time AVff: Time Ave Time Ave Time to Serve to Serve to Serve to Serve to Serve to Serve to Serve to Serve (Months) months) (Months) months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months)

Homicide 110.6 118.5 110.3 124.4 115.8 125.9 97.9 114.2 Assault 21.8 17.1 26.0 15.8 20.6 44.8 15.0 20.9 Sex Offences 38.1 41.6 54.8 40.7 46.5 45.4 38.2 44.2 Other Against Person 50.8 22.9 27.6 283 17.2 18.4 33.6 Robbery 47.1 42.1 56.9 40.8 49.7 37.8 32.3 46.9 Extortion 28.7 26.0 56.1 9.3 11.7 31.2 Break and Enter 21.9 13.6 26.3 14.3 20.0 16.2 9.3 19.9 Fraud & Misappropriation 19.7 12.3 16.9 11.3 18.3 14.5 21.1 17.1 Receiving 15.9 11.3 22.1 14.2 22.0 16.6 10.8 16.5 Other Theft 14.4 10.2 14.2 7.9 11.3 17.3 7.7 12.8 Property Damage 20.3 15.5 11.9 18.6 16.6 8.1 7.0 16.5 Environmental Offence 15.6 15.6 Government Secur i ty 48.4 30.6 6.0 36~4 Justice Procedures 10.6 14.9 13.8 9.2 22.0 11.7 9.6 13.2 Possession of lIeapon 23.2 8.5 17.8 18.5 ,Other Against Good Order 15.1 14.5 6.1 5.1 14.5 8.5 8.1 11.8 Possession, Use Drugs 28.6 25.4 39.6 29.9 39.0 10.9 31.6 Deal/Traffick Drugs 34.8 32.4 53.4 36.0 32.7 1.8 9.0 36.1 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 22.7 13.5 29.1 45.2 20.1 46.6 26.1 Driving Offences 8.9 5.1 5.5 4.5 12.7 4.5 4.0 1.2 Licence, Registration 5.8 4.7 5.5 2.9 5.2 Other Traffic Offences 7.1 17.0 2.6 8.0 7.0 Other offences 81.8 10.3 44.5 20.0 40.5 4.5 59.4 Offences in Custody 5.7 5.7 Unknown 29.5 29.5

TOTAL 33.3 33.8 41.3 29.9 38.5 43.9 20.9 34.4 Table 35a. ABORIGINAL SENTENCED PRISONERS BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE AND JURISDICTION AVERAGE TIME EXPECTED TO SERVE * MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE NSII VIC OLD II A SA TAS N T TOTAL - Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time to Serve to Serve to Serve to Serve to Serve to Serve to Serve to Serve (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months)

Homicide 90.6 59.0 100.5 107.3 123.6 68.1 19.5 95.1 Assault 18.0 9.2 21.0 10.2 16.7 21.1 12.1 15.0 Sex Offences 36.4 43.6 60.2 40.9 31.8 38.8 44.5 Other Against Person 73.5 10.3 13.6 21.3 31.3 Robbery 39.6 22.1 42.6 27.9 31.8 36.2 Extortion 37.6 9.3 28.1 Bl'eak and Enter 20.4 9.3 29.0 12.6 22.1 9.1 17.7 Fraud & Misappropriatic,n 10.5 13.6 4.3 12.1 22.1 9.0 Receiving 13.8 8.0 5.1 8.6 8.1 8.8 11.2 Other Theft 14.5 7.5 11.6 7.8 10.0 42.8 1.1 11.6 Property Damage 17.2 5.5 5.8 9.5 6.0 7.0 8.4 Government Security 6.0 6.0 Justice Procedures 6.0 14.2 16.1 8.9 11.8 9.3 10.3 Possess i on of lIeapon 11.1 1.6 6.9 9.1 Other Against Good Order 11.9 3.8 5.0 3.3 5.6 8.1 6.5 possession, Use Drugs 6.2 9.1 .1 6.3 Deal/Traffick Drugs 31.4 16.6 5.3 32.0 21.5 Manufacture/Grow Drugs .2 .2 DriVing offences 8.6 .9 2.1 5.0 12.7 4.1 5.3 Licence, Registration 1.8 5.4 1.1 2.8 6.1 Other Traffic Offences 6.8 5.9 3.0 6.4 Other Offences 7.7 3.5 2.0 3.8 Offences in cUstody Unknown . . . . TOTAL 25.6 19.1 35.8 22.0 25.5 37.6 11.6 25.2 * Life sentences are assumed to involve an average term of thirteen years. Governor's Pleasure is assumed to average five years for those whose most serious offence involves violence and three years for all others.

98 NATIONAL PIUSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

TabLe 36. REMANDEES BY MOST SERIOUS OFfENCE AND JURISDICTION AVERAGE TI ME ALREADY SERVED '"

MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE NSII VIC QlD \I A SA TAS N T ACT TOTAL Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Served Served Served Served Served Served Served Served Served (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) Homicide 7.1 6.9 4.9 3.1 4.4 3.6 6.0 Assault 3.4 4.2 1.3 2.1 1.7 2.0 .7 3.1 Sex Offences 2.8 4.2 3.4 3.1 3.4 6.1 2.6 4.0 3.3 Other Against Person 6.5 3.6 2.5 1.0 4.3 .6 4.0 Robbery 4.3 3.3 1.8 1.8 3.4 2.5 1.6 3.6 Extortion 4.4 .5 2.4 Break and Enter 2.9 2.0 1.8 1.6 2.9 3.3 2.1 2.6 Fraud &Misappropriation 3.0 3.2 3.2 1.4 1.8 .6 2.7 Receiving 3.7 1.3 .4 1.4 3.1 Other Theft 2.9 1.9 2.9 .9 3.3 2.0 .Il 2.3 Property Damage .9 4.3 1.9 5.5 3.6 4.6 2.9 Env i ronmenta l Offence 2.2 . 2.2 Government Security 2.9 2.2 .6 2.3 Justice Procedures 2.7 1.0 2.3 1.7 1.7 .7 .6 1.7 Possess ion of lIeapon 6.4 .6 5.3 .1 5.6 Other Aga inst Good Order 4.0 3.4 . 3.4 2.5 4.2 3.5 Possess i on, Use Drugs 3.8 .4 1.8 4.9 2.6 3.0 Deal/Traffick Drugs 8.2 4.6 5.5 2.4 3.4 2.8 5.9 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 1.5 1.5 1.2 4.4 .5 .2 1.5 Driving Offences 3.3 .4 .4 . 2.3 Licence, Registration 1.2 . .5 .6 Other Traffic Offences 2.9 2.3 .6 1.9 Other Offences 6.6 2.2 3.6 .2 .0 .8 5.9 Offences in Custody .3 .3 Unknown .9 .9 TOTAL 4.4 3.8 2.9 2.0 3.0 1.1 2.2 2.0 3.6 Table 36a. ABORIGINAL REMANDEES BY MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE AND JURISDICTION AVERAGE TIME ALREADY SERVED '"

MOST SERIOUS OFFENCE NSII VIC QLD IIA SA TAS N T TOTAL Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Time Ave Ti:ne Ave Time Served served Served Served Served Served Served Served (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) (Months) Homicide 2.4 2.0 2.3 2.7 3.0 1.8 2.3 Assault 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.3 3.0 1.7 1.6 Sex Offences 1.9 2.3 2.7 2.3 1.7 2.2 2.1 Other Against Person 5.0 1.0 3.0 Robbery 2.3 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 2.0 2.4 Break and Enter 1.8 2.0 1.6 1.7 2.6 1.9 Fraud & Misappropriation 2.0 2.0 Receiving 1.0 1.0 Other Theft 1.9 2.7 2.5 1.3 1.0 1.3 1.9 Property Damage 1.0 1.0 2.0 1.3 Justice Procedures 2.3 1.7 2.3 1.0 2.0 Other Against Good Order 3.0 3.0 Possession, Use Drugs 2.0 2.0 Deal/Traffick Drugs 1.0 2.0 1.7 Manufacture/Grow Drugs 1.0 1.0 Driving Offences 1.0 1.0 Other Traffic Offences 2.0 2.0 Other Offences 1.0 1.0 Offences in custody 1.0 1.0 Unknown 1.0 1.0 TOTAL 2.0 2.3 2.2 1.8 2.1 1.0 1.8 2.0

'" i.e. Time served since most recent reception. NATIONAL PRiSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

APPENDIX 1· DATA COLLEcnON FORM

...... ".en1Iory Tho Illite In Which the prlao" establlahmont 10 located Code, , -NSW 2-VIC 3-0LD 4-WA 5-SA 6 - T~.S 7- NT 8-ACT D

B lnetltutlon 2 3 e.. Part I d Coding Manual for code lI.l [I]

C Unique _r Idontltl., 4 5 8 8 9 '0 " A number (UII to 8 dlglls), u"lquoto Moh prilOfMl' within tho atate, as _pIoywd for normal admlnl.traUon purpoaoL [] I I

D .... of prl .....o, '2 Code, ,. Mele 2- Fem.l. 0

E Dote of Birth '3 '4 '5 '6 17 '8 Tho day, month and yea' at p'laon.~. birth. Noroa: It tho day 0' month of birth I. unknown. code 99. I I I I I I It tho exact ye., I. unknown UIO beal eatlmale. d d m m

F Abo,lgln.ltty The racial origin group to which the peraon conaldera hlm/hersell to balong. 19 Code, , - Abonglnal orTo".a Strait Ialandor 9 - Unknown/Not statod 2 - Non-Aboriginal or To"ea Str.1t lalander o G State/Country 01 Birth

The pnaone~a atala 0' counlry at birth. Code' 0' - NSW " - New Zealand 41 - UK and 8' -Africa (lncL 02-VIC '2- Papua New Guinea 42 - Greece Libya, Egypt) 03-0LP 13 - Olher Oceania 43 -Italy 62 - Lebanon 04-WA 44 - Yugoslavia 63 -Turkey 05-SA 21-Vlelnam 45 - Olher West Europe 64 - Othe, Middle East 06-TAS 22 - Other Indo-Chin. 46 - East Europe 07- NT . 99 - Unknown/Notstoted 06-ACT 31 -Asia 5' - USA 09 - Australia 52 -Canada unapecmod 53 - Other Americas 20 2' See Part 2 at Coding Manual for fulillat of countrloa and thalr codes. CD

H location of talt Known Addr ... If last known address was within the ,eportlng state then the LGA Goda should be used See Part 3 at Coding Manual fa, LGA code list OIherwlae code to state level only a. follows: 22 23 24 90' -NSW 904-WA 907- NT 9'0 - No Fixed Abode 902-VIC 905-SA 908-ACT 999 - Unknown/Not stated 903-0LD 908-TAS 909 - Over8eas I I I I

Marital StatUI ot Rocll•• 1 The actual (not neceaaonly legat) maritalatatu. 01 prlscnars Code, 1 • Never Marrted 3 - Separated (nol divorced) 5-Wldowed 2 - lAornOd (Including defacto) 4- Divorced 9 - Unknown/Notstated 0

J Employment Statuo ot Tlmo 01 Arroll/Chorgs lor Current Episode Coda, , - Employed (wage and salary 3 - Home dutlas 9· Unknown/Not stated 26 earner or self·employed) 4-Studant 2 - Unemployed - saeklng work 5 - Other, e.g. pensioner 0

K Known High'" Lavol 01 EducOtiDIl 27 Code, , - Tertiary (degree, diploma) 4 - Completed secondary 8 - Primary only 2 - Technical & Trade (e.g. apprentlceahlp) (certificate leve~ 7 - No formal schooling 3 - Posisecondary undefined 5 - Part secondary 9· Unknown I NOlstated 0

1. Known Adult imprllonment

Is the prilOller known to have pre'ilously been imprisoned under sentence In a gazetted prison? 28 Prior sentence of perlocHc/weekend detention to be regarded as prior Imprisonment.

Code: I-V•• 2 - No 9 - Unknown/Not stated D

Questions M to X are overleaf:

101 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.1990

APPENDIX 1 (CONTINUED)

II ~ of 1Il001_1 __I 29 30 31 32 33 34 To btl recorded lor.1I prieoner .... day, monlh and year 01 moat recenl """,lYallnlo a ouollod prlaon wilhln lhal stat.. In NapeC~ of the current episode, whether or oot tne person was originally on remand orwhetherthu remand period counted towards this &entence. Dates of receiVdJ Into particular establishments on transfer from other I I I I prisons within Ihal slalo, and temporary leav8 period .. are 10 be Ignored NOle: If breach of parole, code date of d d m m r_I",,1 aller breach.

N ,... 1 Sertou. Offonc./Chal'1l0 35 36 37 See Part 4 of Coding Manuat for codes and coding ,ule.. Nor.: It Ihe prlaoner has dual.talllsle.g. convlcled 01 one or more oUences and on remand lor olhers) aelecl only from ollencea I I I for which convicted.

o Known Fed.ral OH.nce/Chargo

is 4.ny oHence or charge known to be B Federsl oHence? 138 Nole: Selecl from all oHenc.ealcharge .. whelher coovlcled .enlonced or noL Coda: 1 -Ves 2- No 9- Unknown o P Kn_n DN9l/Alcoholl_monl In Off.nc.. Ulegal Drugs other subatance& 600. narcotics. cannabis e.g. pelro~ solvenl. (al Were any oHence. for which currontly In prison known to have been committed while undor Iho Influence of Intoxlcallng aubstantea? 39 40 41 Coda: 1 - Va. 2 - No 9 - Unknown o o o (bl Wore any oHence, lor which currently In prllOn known to have been committed to support a /labll oI._tanee abu",,? 42 43 Code: 1- Ve. 2-No 9-lJnknown o o Note: Cases where mlxturetJ of substances were Involved should be coded with 'I' In each relevant box.

Q Lave' of Court at Sentence. or of MOlt Recent Remind In CUltody Not': Whare an epi~e compr\ses orderslft6ntences Qt various lovels ot court, select the level ot court appropriate to the MOSI Serious Ollenee/Charge. iL Appeal courts ahould be recorded only where such courts have altered thelenglh of seolence approprlalelo the Most Seliou8 Offence/Charge. liL For pn80ners not under sontence record the lovolal which most recently remanded In custody.

Cod.: 1 - Supreme Court 5 - Olher (e.g. administrative decision. 45 2 - Dlslricl/County Court Fedoral Court of AUslralla) 3 - Maglslrsles' Court 9 - Unknown/Noistaled 4 - Children'. Court o R State/Territory of Court 0' Sentence or MOlt Racoot Remand In CU8lady 46 Code: 1 - NSW 2-VIC 3-0LD 4-WA 5-SA 6-TAS 7- NT 8-ACT o S Current Security Cla ..ltlc.tlon of Prlloner 47 Code: 1 - Maximum 2- Medium 3- Minimum 4 - Uncle.slfled 9 - Unkoown '0 T Leg.1 StatuI of Prisoner The )ega\ status 0' the pnsoner at census date. Noee: If the pnsaner IS conVlcled. but has dual status (e.g. awaiting trial on other matters or awaiting deportation) the convicted sta~us takes precedence. Code: 1 - Under sentence: no appeal current 4 - Unccnvlcted: awaiting court hearing/tnal 2 - Under sentence: awaiting determination of any appeal e.tradltion, purging of conlemp~ ele. (verdict or' sentence) 5 - Convicted but awaiting sentence 3 - Oel.lned •• unlillo plead not guilty 6 - Awailing deportation on gr~.. mdl of Insanity, etc. 9 - Unknown/Not stated oj If 'Legal Status' equals 4-9 FINISH HERE; OTHERWISE please COMPLETE PART III I ~------~------I U Aggregele S.nlonce 49 50 5 t 52 53 54 55 56 The longost period that the person may be detarJ')8d undor sentence in the CUffont episode. , r I I I I I CC Charges pending which are likely to extend the current episode should be Ignored. Years Months Oays Weekends Code: 8888S8 68 tor Indelermlnale ...nlence. 9Q9S99 99 IIlhe aclualsenlence I. not known.

v Oate Aggreg.,e Sentonce Commeneod 57 58 59 60 61 62 I I I I I m m y y

W Type ot Sentenee (for A\Nreg.te Sent.nee)

Code: Indeterminate Indellnlle Oelln/le l-Llle 4 - Ma:dmum term 5 - Fixed term, no minimum 9-Uoknown/ 2 - Governo(slH.M. speclltad and tarm or non-parole Not .Iated Pleasure minimum term or period set 63 3 - Subloct to mlnas1erial! non·parole 6 - Fine defaull only admlni&tra1rve decision period set 7 - PeriodiC/Weekend detention o )( Earlle.t Date of Rele ... 64 65 66 67 66 69 To be calculated In respect of tho aggregate sentence. allowing for parole poriod or minimum term, and maximum expected remlSAIOn. See Part 5 of Coding Manual for datadod method 01 calculation. I I I I I I I d m m Code: 888S88 tor Indeterminate sentence&.

102 NATIONAL PRISON CENSUS 30.6.19110

APPENDIX 2 • TOTAL POPULATION OF IMPRISONABLE AGE AT 30.6.90, (PRELIMINARy) BY JURISDICTION, SEX AND AGEl

Age NSW VIC OLD WA SA TAS NT ACf Australia Male Adults 17 48239 36992 26053 13596 11380 3801 1356 2612 144029 18 50942 38911 26930 14116 11958 3946 1424 2844 151071 19 50249 40198 27344 14796 12591 4018 1453 3125 153774 2D-24 221218 183703 121562 68231 59431 :\6856 8140 15173 694314 25-29 237512 183359 120775 73417 62109 17782 8172 14186 717312 30-34 239208 181027 116863 71412 59575 1,1l51O 7415 12625 706635 35-39 222796 166486 109620 66756 54603 1'1236 6849 11916 656262 40-44 222080 162930 109252 64311 53753 1(1537 6964 12248 648075 45-49 175329 127703 86776 48521 40865 13040 4963 8724 505921 5D-54 14m6 108652 69973 39434 34397 11086 3542 6557 4214l'f 55-59 129383 95690 59822 33081 31523 9722 2134 4907 366262 60-64 130513 95162 59811 31368 33504 99,)4 1750 3986 366028 65+ 288791 207471 138895 67602 77046 22957 2424 6901 812087 Total 2164036 1628284 1073676 606641 542735 16542:; 56586 105804 6343187

Female Adults 17 45760 34854 24829 12746 11022 3849 1240 2580 136880 18 48251 37307 25680 13696 11557 3914 1352 2871 144628 19 47980 39463 26036 14029 11981 3935 1457 3038 147919 2D-24 213187 178510 115708 65634 56293 16677 7496 14314 667819 25-29 233975 182142 118322 69572 58869 17639 7908 12774 701201 3D-34 235669 179195 114788 69181 58086 18295 7728 12176 695118 35-39 221940 167865 109716 65950 54993 16992 6558 12334 656348 40-44 211729 159392 105973 59674 52077 16317 5836 11936 622934 45-49 165523 122529 81884 44753 39681 12485 3902 8424 479181 5D-54 140651 104517 65913 36831 34194 10780 26<,13 6151 401680 55-59 126518 93247 58374 31561 31023 9662 170']. 4329 356416 6D-64 132626 96511 60071 30537 33776 9959 1359 3977 368816 65+ 395358 287551 177002 88334 104635 30856 2297 9460 1095493 Total 2219167 1683083 1084296 602498 558187 171360 51478 104364 6474433

Total Adults 17 93999 71846 50882 26342 22402 7650 2596 5192 280909 18 99193 76218 52610 27812 23515 7860 2776 5715 295699 19 98229 79661 53380 28825 24572 7953 2910 6163 301693 20-24 434405 362213 237270 133865 115724 33533 15636 29487 1362133 25-29 471487 365501 239097 142989 120978 35421 16080 26960 1418513 30-34 474877 360222 231651 140593 117661 36805 15143 24801 1401753 35-39 444736 334351 219336 132706 109596 34228 13407 24250 1312610 40-44 433809 322322 215225 123985 105830 32854 12800 24184 1271009 45-49 340852 250232 168660 93274 80546 25525 8865 17148 985102 5D-54 288427 213169 135886 76265 68591 21866 6185 12708 823097 55-59 255901 188937 118196 64642 62546 19384 3836 9236 722678 60-64 263139 191673 119882 61905 67280 19893 3109 7963 734844 65+ 684149 495022 315897 155936 181681 53813 4721 16361 1907580 Total 4383203 3311367 2157972 1209139 1100922 336785 108064 210168 12817620

0-16 Year Olds Male 738773 547202 384935 218432 173902 61298 25482 37992 2188016 Female 705397 521412 363931 206325 164333 58580 23758 36825 2080561 Total 1444170 1068614 748866 424757 338235 119878 49240 74817 4268577

1Source: Estimated Resident Population by Sex and AI;": States and Territories of Australia, June 1989 and Preliminary June 1990, Australian Bureau of Statistics (Cat.No.3201.0)

103 NATIONAL PIUSON CENSUS 30.6.1990

APPENDIX 3 - ABORIGINAL POPULATION OF IMPRI~ONABLE AGE AT 30.6.86, BY JURISDICTION AND SEX

Aged 17+ N.S.W. Vic. Old. W.A. SA. Tas. N.T. A.C.T. Australia

Males 15448 3391 16049 10274 3844 1732 9021 341 60100

Females 16464 3768 17219 10659 4185 1754 10090 345 64484

Total Persons 31912 7159 33268 20933 8029 3486 19111 686 124584

1 Source: 1986 Census of Population and Housing, Table ABsrAT4, computer printout supplied by Australian Bureau of Statistics. More recent data are 1I0t available.

104