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Fish and Wildlifein Columbia River APPENDIX P FISH AND WILDLIFE IN COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN Prepared by FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, PORTLAND,-OREG. for CORPS OF ENGINEERS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY 2855 91276-52-vol. 7--8 CONTENTS Page Introduction ---------------..---------------------------------. 2863 Fish----------------------------------------2864 Salmon fishery-------------------------------2864 Commercial fishery --------------------------------------- 2864 Indian fishery ------------------------------2868 Sport fishery----------------------------------------- 2869 Value----------------------------------------------------2870 Abundance trends -------------------------2870 Other anadromous fisheries ------------------------------------2872 Commercial fishery ----------------------- ..-------- 2872 Sport fishery---------------------------------------------2873 Sport fishery for resident fishes ..-----------------------------2874 Wildlife---------------------------------------------------------2874 General------------------------------------------------------2874 Big game --------------------------------------------------- 2876 Upland game --------------------------------------------- 2877 Fur animals -----. ------------------------------------------_- 2877 Waterfowl-------------------------------------------------2878 Sub-basins .-----------------------------------2------------------879 Introduction --..--------------------------------- 2879 Columbia River below mouth of Yakima ------------- .2879 Fish ---------------------------------------------------- 2879 Effects of authorized projects on fish Effects of proposed projects on fish ---------------------2880-----------2879 Wildlife ------------------------------------------------ 2881 Effects of authorized projects on wildlife ----------------- 2882 Effects of proposed projects on wildlife---2882 Willamette' Rier and tributaries 2884 Fish -------------------------------------------------- 2884 Effects of Willamette River project on fish ---2885 Wildlife ------------------------------------------------ 28856 Effects of Willamette River project on wildlife ------------2885 Tributaries below mouth of Yakima River ..--------------.... 2886 Fish ---288Q Effects of proposed projects on fish .---2891 Wildlife ---------------------------------------------... 2891 Effects of proposed projects on wildlife -----------..------ 289Z Yakima River Basin----------------------------------------...2892 Fish ---------------------------------------------------289Z Effects of proposed projects on fish -------------- ..2893 Wildlife --------------------------------------------- 2893 Effects of proposed projects on wildlife -------------- 2894 Columbia River and minor tributaries from Canadian border to mouth of Yakima River --------------------------.---------- 2891 Fish..-----------------------2894 Effects of authorized projects on fish ------------------ 2897 Effects of proposed projects on fish ---------------------2897 Wildlife .....................-------------------....... 2897 Effects of authorized projects on wildlife --------------- 2899 Effects of proposed projects on wildlife ------------------ 289S Spokane River Basin ....--------------..--.---. 2899 Fish ---------------------------------------------------- 2899 Effects of proposed projects on fish----------------------29"0 Wildlife-------------------------------------------------2900 Effects of proposed projects on wildlife -----------290 2857 2858 COLUMBIA RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES Sub-basins-Continued Page Clark Fork-Pend-Oreille Rivers and tributaries--------------------2900 Fish-----------------------------------------------------2900 Effects of authorized projects on fish --------------------2901 Effects of proposed projects on fish ----------------------2901 Wildlife ------------------------------------------------- 2903 Effects of proposed projects on wildlife-------------------2903 Kootenay River and tributaries in the United States---------------2904 Fish --------------------------------------------------- 2904 Effects of proposed projects on fish ---------------------2905 Wildlife --------------------------------------------------. 2905 Effects of proposed projects on wildlife-------------------2905 Columbia River in Canada ..---------------------------------- 2905 Fish ----------------------------------------------------- 2905 Wildlife ----- 2906 Snake River and tributaries, mouth to Weiser--------------------2906 Fish ----------------------------------------------------- 2906 Effects of authorized projects on fish---------------------2909 Effects of proposed projects on fish -------------------- 2910 Wildlife------------------------------------------------2910 Effects of authorized projects on wildlife------------------2911 Effects of proposed projects on wildlife ------- 2911 Snake River and tributaries, Weiser to King Hill ------------------2912 Fish ---------------------------------------------------- 2912 Effects of authorized projects on fish -- ------------------2913 Effects of proposed projects on fish ----------------------2913 Wildlife --------------------------------------------------2913 Effects of authorized projects on Wildlife ..--------------- 2913 Snake River and tributaries above King Hill----------------------2914 Fish ---------------------------------------------------- 2914 Effects of authorized projects on fish--------------------2914 Wildlife ------------------------------------------------- 2915 Effects of proposed projects on wildlife-------------------2915 Special Fish Problems ---------------------------------------------- 2915 Salmon ----------------------------------------------------- 2915 General --------------------------------------------------2915 Life history..---------------------------------------------.. 2915 Problems-------------------------------------------------2916 Flood damage ..----------------------------------------------- 2918 Flood of 1948 ---------------------------------------------2918 Development of lower river ..------------------------------- 2919 General ---------------------------------------------------2919 Development program -..---------------- 2920 Stream improvement..-..---------..--------------------- 2920 Hatcheries ------------------------.------------------------ 2921 General outline of work program ----------------------------2921 Estimate of costs-first 6-year period ---------------------- 2921 Fish refuges -------------------------------------------- 2922 Summary 2923 Fish .------------------------------------------------------ 2923 Wildlife ------------------------------------------------------ 2924 Recommendations..-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2925 COLUMBIA RIVE'R AND TRIBUTARIES 2859 TABLES No. Title Page 1. Commercial catch of Columbia River salmon 2865 2. Average annual catches of Columbia River salmon landed in the Columbia River, 1938-47 ------------------------------- 2866 3. Estimated annual troll catch of Columbia River chinook salmon, 1938-46 - .... ..---------------------------------...-.. 2867 4. Average annual total commercial catch of Columbia River salmon and steelhead trout, 1938-47-------------------------------------- 2867 5. Evaluation of 1938-47 average annual commercial catch of Columbia River salmon and steelhead trout--------------------2867 6. Estimates of the catch of chinook salmon by sport fishermen in the lower Willamette River-..---------------------------------............................... 2869 7. Estimated catch of salmon in sport fishery near Astoria, Oreg., during the fall closed season, Aug. 25 to Sept. 10 .....................- 2869 8. Average annual commercial, Indian subsistence, and sport catch of Columbia River salmon and steelhead trout -----------------_--- 2870 9. Bonneville counts and estimated catches below Bonneville Darn of Columbia River chinook salmon .......................----------- 2870 10. Bonneville counts, catches below Bonneville, and total runs of Colum- bia River blueback salmon ---------2871 11. Bonneville counts, and catches below the dam of Columbia River steelhead trout------2872 12. Bonneville counts of Columbia River silver and chum salmon ------- 2872 13. Annual commercial catch, minor fisheries of the Columbia River----- 2873 14. Evaluation of average annual catch of minor fisheries of the Columbia River ----------------------------------------------------- 2873 15. Hunting license sales ------------------------_-------------- 2875 16. Estimated annual expenditures for'hunting in the Columbia Basin within the United States.------------------------------------- 2876 17. Big-game populations by States in 1946--------------------------- 2876 18. Annual fish counts at Rock Island Dam, 1933-47------------------ 2895 FIGURES (After page 2926) No. 1. Commercial catch of Columbia River salmon and trout. 2. Bonneville counts, and catches below Bonneville Dam, of Columbia River chinook salmon. 3. Bonneville count and total run of Columbia River blueback salmon. 4. Bonneville count and catch below Bonneville of Columbia River steelhead trout. 5. Bonneville counts of silver and chum salmon. PLATES (Follow figures) 1. Existing, authorized, and propowd dams. 2. Routes of migratory fish and waterfowl. 3. Principal existing fish and wildlife developments. 4. Proposed measures and facilities in first-step development for improvement of habitat for salmon in lower Columbia River tributaries. FOREWORD 1. Fish and wildlife are important resources of the Columbia River
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