Active Folding and Blind Thrust Faulting Induced by Basin Inversion Processes, Inner California Borderlands, in K
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Linking Megathrust Earthquakes to Brittle Deformation in a Fossil Accretionary Complex
ARTICLE Received 9 Dec 2014 | Accepted 13 May 2015 | Published 24 Jun 2015 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8504 OPEN Linking megathrust earthquakes to brittle deformation in a fossil accretionary complex Armin Dielforder1, Hauke Vollstaedt1,2, Torsten Vennemann3, Alfons Berger1 & Marco Herwegh1 Seismological data from recent subduction earthquakes suggest that megathrust earthquakes induce transient stress changes in the upper plate that shift accretionary wedges into an unstable state. These stress changes have, however, never been linked to geological structures preserved in fossil accretionary complexes. The importance of coseismically induced wedge failure has therefore remained largely elusive. Here we show that brittle faulting and vein formation in the palaeo-accretionary complex of the European Alps record stress changes generated by subduction-related earthquakes. Early veins formed at shallow levels by bedding-parallel shear during coseismic compression of the outer wedge. In contrast, subsequent vein formation occurred by normal faulting and extensional fracturing at deeper levels in response to coseismic extension of the inner wedge. Our study demonstrates how mineral veins can be used to reveal the dynamics of outer and inner wedges, which respond in opposite ways to megathrust earthquakes by compressional and extensional faulting, respectively. 1 Institute of Geological Sciences, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 1 þ 3, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland. 2 Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, Bern CH-3012, Switzerland. 3 Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, University of Lausanne, Geˆopolis 4634, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland. Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to A.D. (email: [email protected]). NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | 6:7504 | DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8504 | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 & 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. -
GEO 2008 Conference Abstracts, Bahrain GEO 2008 Conference Abstracts
GEO 2008 conference abstracts, Bahrain GEO 2008 Conference Abstracts he abstracts of the GEO 2008 Conference presentations (3-5 March 2008, Bahrain) are published in Talphabetical order based on the last name of the first author. Only those abstracts that were accepted by the GEO 2008 Program Committee are published here, and were subsequently edited by GeoArabia Editors and proof-read by the corresponding author. Several names of companies and institutions to which presenters are affiliated have been abbreviated (see page 262). For convenience, all subsidiary companies are listed as the parent company. (#117804) Sandstone-body geometry, facies existing data sets and improve exploration decision architecture and depositional model of making. The results of a recent 3-D seismic reprocessing Ordovician Barik Sandstone, Oman effort over approximately 1,800 square km of data from the Mediterranean Sea has brought renewed interest in Iftikhar A. Abbasi (Sultan Qaboos University, Oman) deep, pre-Messinian structures. Historically, the reservoir and Abdulrahman Al-Harthy (Sultan Qaboos targets in the southern Mediterranean Sea have been the University, Oman <[email protected]>) Pliocene-Pleistocene and Messinian/Pre-Messinian gas sands. These are readily identifiable as anomalousbright The Lower Paleozoic siliciclastics sediments of the amplitudes on the seismic data. The key to enhancing the Haima Supergroup in the Al-Haushi-Huqf area of cen- deeper structure is multiple and noise attenuation. The tral Oman are subdivided into a number of formations Miocene and older targets are overlain by a Messinian- and members based on lithological characteristics of aged, structurally complex anhydrite layer, the Rosetta various rock sequences. -
Tectonics of the Musandam Peninsula and Northern Oman Mountains: from Ophiolite Obduction to Continental Collision
GeoArabia, 2014, v. 19, no. 2, p. 135-174 Gulf PetroLink, Bahrain Tectonics of the Musandam Peninsula and northern Oman Mountains: From ophiolite obduction to continental collision Michael P. Searle, Alan G. Cherry, Mohammed Y. Ali and David J.W. Cooper ABSTRACT The tectonics of the Musandam Peninsula in northern Oman shows a transition between the Late Cretaceous ophiolite emplacement related tectonics recorded along the Oman Mountains and Dibba Zone to the SE and the Late Cenozoic continent-continent collision tectonics along the Zagros Mountains in Iran to the northwest. Three stages in the continental collision process have been recognized. Stage one involves the emplacement of the Semail Ophiolite from NE to SW onto the Mid-Permian–Mesozoic passive continental margin of Arabia. The Semail Ophiolite shows a lower ocean ridge axis suite of gabbros, tonalites, trondhjemites and lavas (Geotimes V1 unit) dated by U-Pb zircon between 96.4–95.4 Ma overlain by a post-ridge suite including island-arc related volcanics including boninites formed between 95.4–94.7 Ma (Lasail, V2 unit). The ophiolite obduction process began at 96 Ma with subduction of Triassic–Jurassic oceanic crust to depths of > 40 km to form the amphibolite/granulite facies metamorphic sole along an ENE- dipping subduction zone. U-Pb ages of partial melts in the sole amphibolites (95.6– 94.5 Ma) overlap precisely in age with the ophiolite crustal sequence, implying that subduction was occurring at the same time as the ophiolite was forming. The ophiolite, together with the underlying Haybi and Hawasina thrust sheets, were thrust southwest on top of the Permian–Mesozoic shelf carbonate sequence during the Late Cenomanian–Campanian. -
Describe the Geometry of a Fault (1) Orientation of the Plane (Strike and Dip) (2) Slip Vector
Learning goals - January 16, 2012 You will understand how to: Describe the geometry of a fault (1) orientation of the plane (strike and dip) (2) slip vector Understand concept of slip rate and how it is estimated Describe faults (the above plus some jargon weʼll need) Categories of Faults (EOSC 110 version) “Normal” fault “Thrust” or “reverse” fault “Strike-slip” or “transform” faults Two kinds of strike-slip faults Right-lateral Left-lateral (dextral) (sinistral) Stand with your feet on either side of the fault. Which side comes toward you when the fault slips? Another way to tell: stand on one side of the fault looking toward it. Which way does the block on the other side move? Right-lateral Left-lateral (dextral) (sinistral) 1992 M 7.4 Landers, California Earthquake rupture (SCEC) Describing the fault geometry: fault plane orientation How do you usually describe a plane (with lines)? In geology, we choose these two lines to be: • strike • dip strike dip • strike is the azimuth of the line where the fault plane intersects the horizontal plane. Measured clockwise from N. • dip is the angle with respect to the horizontal of the line of steepest descent (perpendic. to strike) (a ball would roll down it). strike “60°” dip “30° (to the SE)” Profile view, as often shown on block diagrams strike 30° “hanging wall” “footwall” 0° N Map view Profile view 90° W E 270° S 180° Strike? Dip? 45° 45° Map view Profile view Strike? Dip? 0° 135° Indicating direction of slip quantitatively: the slip vector footwall • let’s define the slip direction (vector) -
Along Strike Variability of Thrust-Fault Vergence
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2014-06-11 Along Strike Variability of Thrust-Fault Vergence Scott Royal Greenhalgh Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Geology Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Greenhalgh, Scott Royal, "Along Strike Variability of Thrust-Fault Vergence" (2014). Theses and Dissertations. 4095. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4095 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Along Strike Variability of Thrust-Fault Vergence Scott R. Greenhalgh A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science John H. McBride, Chair Brooks B. Britt Bart J. Kowallis John M. Bartley Department of Geological Sciences Brigham Young University April 2014 Copyright © 2014 Scott R. Greenhalgh All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Along Strike Variability of Thrust-Fault Vergence Scott R. Greenhalgh Department of Geological Sciences, BYU Master of Science The kinematic evolution and along-strike variation in contractional deformation in over- thrust belts are poorly understood, especially in three dimensions. The Sevier-age Cordilleran overthrust belt of southwestern Wyoming, with its abundance of subsurface data, provides an ideal laboratory to study how this deformation varies along the strike of the belt. We have per- formed a detailed structural interpretation of dual vergent thrusts based on a 3D seismic survey along the Wyoming salient of the Cordilleran overthrust belt (Big Piney-LaBarge field). -
Development of the Rocky Mountain Foreland Basin: Combined Structural
University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2007 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FORELAND BASIN: COMBINED STRUCTURAL, MINERALOGICAL, AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BASIN EVOLUTION, ROCKY MOUNTAIN THRUST FRONT, NORTHWEST MONTANA Emily Geraghty Ward The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Ward, Emily Geraghty, "DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FORELAND BASIN: COMBINED STRUCTURAL, MINERALOGICAL, AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BASIN EVOLUTION, ROCKY MOUNTAIN THRUST FRONT, NORTHWEST MONTANA" (2007). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1234. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1234 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DEVELOPMENT OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN FORELAND BASIN: COMBINED STRUCTURAL, MINERALOGICAL, AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BASIN EVOLUTION ROCKY MOUNTAIN THRUST FRONT, NORTHWEST MONTANA By Emily M. Geraghty Ward B.A., Whitman College, Walla Walla, WA, 1999 M.S., Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 2002 Dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Geology The University of Montana Missoula, MT Spring 2007 Approved by: Dr. David A. Strobel, Dean Graduate School James W. Sears, Chair Department of Geosciences Julia A. Baldwin Department of Geosciences Marc S. Hendrix Department of Geosciences Steven D. -
Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France Joachim Place, M Diraison, Yves Géraud, Hemin Koyi
Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France Joachim Place, M Diraison, Yves Géraud, Hemin Koyi To cite this version: Joachim Place, M Diraison, Yves Géraud, Hemin Koyi. Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France. Atlas of Structural Geological Interpretation from Seismic Images, 2018. hal-02959693 HAL Id: hal-02959693 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02959693 Submitted on 7 Oct 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Horst Inversion Within a Décollement Zone During Extension Upper Rhine Graben, France Joachim Place*1, M. Diraison2, Y. Géraud3, and Hemin A. Koyi4 1 Formerly at Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden 2 Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, Strasbourg, France 3 Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France 4 Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden * [email protected] The Merkwiller–Pechelbronn oil field of the Upper Rhine Graben has been a target for hydrocarbon exploration for over a century. The occurrence of the hydrocarbons is thought to be related to the noticeably high geothermal gradient of the area. -
Contractional Tectonics: Investigations of Ongoing Construction of The
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2014 Contractional Tectonics: Investigations of Ongoing Construction of the Himalaya Fold-thrust Belt and the Trishear Model of Fault-propagation Folding Hongjiao Yu Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Earth Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Yu, Hongjiao, "Contractional Tectonics: Investigations of Ongoing Construction of the Himalaya Fold-thrust Belt and the Trishear Model of Fault-propagation Folding" (2014). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 2683. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/2683 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. CONTRACTIONAL TECTONICS: INVESTIGATIONS OF ONGOING CONSTRUCTION OF THE HIMALAYAN FOLD-THRUST BELT AND THE TRISHEAR MODEL OF FAULT-PROPAGATION FOLDING A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Geology and Geophysics by Hongjiao Yu B.S., China University of Petroleum, 2006 M.S., Peking University, 2009 August 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I have had a wonderful five-year adventure in the Department of Geology and Geophysics at Louisiana State University. I owe a lot of gratitude to many people and I would not have been able to complete my PhD research without the support and help from them. -
Basin Inversion and Structural Architecture As Constraints on Fluid Flow and Pb-Zn Mineralisation in the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic S
https://doi.org/10.5194/se-2020-31 Preprint. Discussion started: 6 April 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Basin inversion and structural architecture as constraints on fluid 2 flow and Pb-Zn mineralisation in the Paleo-Mesoproterozoic 3 sedimentary sequences of northern Australia 4 5 George M. Gibson, Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 6 2601, Australia 7 Sally Edwards, Geological Survey of Queensland, Department of Natural Resources, Mines and Energy, 8 Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia 9 Abstract 10 As host to several world-class sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits and unknown quantities of conventional and 11 unconventional gas, the variably inverted 1730-1640 Ma Calvert and 1640-1580 Ma Isa superbasins of 12 northern Australia have been the subject of numerous seismic reflection studies with a view to better 13 understanding basin architecture and fluid migration pathways. Strikingly similar structural architecture 14 has been reported from much younger inverted sedimentary basins considered prospective for oil and gas 15 elsewhere in the world. Such similarities suggest that the mineral and petroleum systems in Paleo- 16 Mesoproterozoic northern Australia may have spatially and temporally overlapped consistent with the 17 observation that basinal sequences hosting Pb-Zn mineralisation in northern Australia are bituminous or 18 abnormally enriched in hydrocarbons. This points to the possibility of a common tectonic driver and shared 19 fluid pathways. Sediment-hosted Pb-Zn mineralisation coeval with basin inversion first occurred during the 20 1650-1640 Ma Riversleigh Tectonic Event towards the close of the Calvert Superbasin with further pulses 21 accompanying the 1620-1580 Ma Isa Orogeny which brought about closure of the Isa Superbasin. -
Tectonic Inversion and Petroleum System Implications in the Rifts Of
Tectonic Inversion and Petroleum System Implications in the Rifts of Central Africa Marian Jenner Warren Jenner GeoConsulting, Suite 208, 1235 17th Ave SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2T 0C2 [email protected] Summary The rift system of western and central Africa (Fig. 1) provides an opportunity to explore a spectrum of relationships between initial tectonic extension and later compressional inversion. Several seismic interpretation examples provide excellent illustrations of the use of basic geometric principles to distinguish even slight inversion from original extensional “rollover” anticlines. Other examples illustrate how geometries traditionally interpreted as positive “flower” structures in areas of known transpression/ strike slip are revealed as inversion structures when examined critically. The examples also highlight the degree of compressional inversion as a function in part of the orientation of compressional stress with respect to original rift structures. Finally, much of the rift system contains recent or current hydrocarbon exploration and production, providing insights into the implications of inversion for hydrocarbon risk and prospectivity. Figure 1: Mesozoic-Tertiary rift systems of central and western Africa. Individual basins referred to in text: T-LC = Termit/ Lake Chad; LB = Logone Birni; BN = Benue Trough; BG = Bongor; DB = Doba; DS = Doseo; SL = Salamat; MG = Muglad; ML = Melut. CASZ = Central African Shear Zone (bold solid line). Bold dashed lines = inferred subsidiary shear zones. Red stars = Approximate locations of example sections shown in Figs. 2-5. Modified after Genik 1993 and Manga et al. 2001. Inversion setting and examples The Mesozoic-Tertiary rift system in Africa was developed primarily in the Early Cretaceous, during south Atlantic opening and regional NE-SW extension. -
Redalyc.From Thrust Tectonics to Diapirism. the Role of Evaporites in the Kinematic Evolution of the Eastern South Pyrenean
Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal ISSN: 1695-6133 [email protected] Universitat de Barcelona España Sans, M. From thrust tectonics to diapirism. The role of evaporites in the kinematic evolution of the eastern South Pyrenean front Geologica Acta: an international earth science journal, vol. 1, núm. 3, 2003, pp. 239-259 Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=50510301 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Geologica Acta, Vol.1, Nº3, 2003, 239-259 Available online at www.geologica-acta.com From thrust tectonics to diapirism. The role of evaporites in the kinematic evolution of the eastern South Pyrenean front M. SANS Dept. Geodinàmica i Geofísica, Universitat de Barcelona Zona Universitària de Pedralbes, 08028 Barcelona. Spain. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The South Pyrenean foreland has a buried thrust front geometry where evaporitic levels are present at the sub- surface and are suitable to be detachment horizons. The thrust wedge geometry developed at the externalmost limit of the evaporitic levels permits to define the South Pyrenean Triangle zone. This triangle zone is an excel- lent scenario to study the influence of evaporitic layers in the thrust front geometry of a fold and thrust system and in the development of thrust wedges. Analogue modelling shows different thrust wedge geometries through the deformation history in relation to the different rheological properties of the detachment horizons. -
Structures, Deformation Mechanisms and Tectonic Phases, Recorded In
European Scientific Journal Jume 2019 edition Vol.15, No.18 ISSN: 1857 – 7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857- 7431 Structures, Deformation Mechanisms and Tectonic Phases, Recorded in Paleoproterozoic Granitoids of West African Craton, Southern Part: Example of Kan’s Complex (Central of Côte d’Ivoire) K. K. Jean Marie Pria, Laboratoire de Géologie du Socle et de Métallogénie, UFR-STRM, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Laboratoire des Géosciences et Environnement, Département de Géologie, Université Ibn Tofaïl de Kénitra, Maroc Yacouba Coulibaly, N. N’guessan Houssou, M. Ephrem Allialy, T. K. L. Dimitri Boya, Laboratoire de Géologie du Socle et de Métallogénie, UFR-STRM, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire Mohamed Tayebi, Lamia Erraoui, Souad M’Rabet, Laboratoire des Géosciences et Environnement, Département de Géologie, Université Ibn Tofaïl de Kénitra, Maroc Doi: 10.19044/esj.2019.v15n18p315 URL:http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2019.v15n18p315 Abstract The granito-gneissic complex of Kan is located in the central part of the Paleoproterozoic domain of Côte d’Ivoire. It consists essentially of migmatitic and mylonitic gneisses with basic intrusions and xenoliths. This Proterozoic domain belongs to the Man Leo shield, southern part of West African craton (WAC). The present study, essentially based on a structural analysis at outcrop scale, aims to identify deformation mechanisms and tectonic phases recorded in the granito-gneissic complex of Kan. Deformation mechanisms include: (1) flattening, (2) constriction, (3) simple shear (4), rotation (5), brittle shear, and (6) extension. The Kan complex deformation occurred during four major tectonic phases named D1, D2, D3 and D4.