Slum Upgrading

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Partnership for urban poverty education: Slum upgrading UN Trust Fund for Human Security The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance Fast Facts by the United Nations THAILAND Country: Cambodia Duration: March 2004 to April 2007 Implementing UN Agencies: UN-HABITAT CAMBODIA Other Implementing Partners: Solidarity for Urban Poor Federation; Urban Poor Development Fund; Asian Coalition for Housing Rights; Urban Resource Center Phnom Penh VIET NAM Budget: $1,062,252.85 Key Words: Empowerment; poverty reduction; health; sanitation; urban development 50 km BACKGROUND In 2003, the city of Phnom Penh was facing a dire the living conditions of these communities. As part of situation with an estimated population of 1.2 million this campaign, the Municipality of Phnom Penh and people living in extreme poverty. Of these, UN-HABITAT aimed to address key human security approximately 25 percent were squatters who were concerns of marginalized urban communities such as socially marginalized. The Municipality of Phnom access to water, drainage and solid waste disposal, as Penh was engaged in an ongoing campaign to improve well as sanitation and health services. PROGRAMME OVERVIEW GOALS AND OBJECTIVES The project sought to build the capacity and strengthen affordable basic services and better living the dignity of poor communities in Phnom Penh by environments. reducing their poverty and improving their access to BENEFICIARIES The project directly benefited more than 200,000 economic security for over 500 families through vulnerable people living in informal urban settlements, micro-credit schemes. To ensure the sustainability of with a focus on women and children. Through the these efforts, beneficiaries were empowered to creation of over 160 community organisations, the participate in policy discussions at the Municipal project constructed footbridges, latrines, safe drinking level. water facilities and streetlights, while also improving To learn more on human security visit www.un.org/humansecurity .

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ADEQUATE HOUSING and SLUM UPGRADING Monitoring and Reporting the Sdgs | ADEQUATE HOUSING and SLUM UPGRADING
` MODULE 1 ADEQUATE HOUSING AND SLUM UPGRADING Monitoring and Reporting the SDGs | ADEQUATE HOUSING AND SLUM UPGRADING ADEQUATE HOUSING AND SLUM UPGRADING TARGET 11.1: By 2030, ensure access for all to adequate, safe and affordable housing and basic services and upgrade slums Indicator 11.1.1: Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate housing Suggested Citation: UN-Habitat (2018). SDG Indicator 11.1.1 Training Module: Adequate Housing and Slum Upgrading. United Nations Human Settlement Programme (UN-Habitat), Nairobi. 2 | Indicator 11.1.1 Training Module Monitoring and Reporting the SDGs | ADEQUATE HOUSING AND SLUM UPGRADING SECTION 1: 1.1 Background INTRODUCTION Sixty per cent of the global population will live in cities by 2030, with 90% of urban growth in coming decades likely to occur in low- and middle-income countries. Current urbanization trends indicate that an additional three billion people will be living in cities by 2050, increasing the urban share of the world’s population to two-thirds. In fact, 95% of the growth in urban areas in the next two decades will occur in cities, making them home to more than 4 billion people, and translating to about 80% of future urban population. The steady trend towards urbanization will influence virtually every facet of human endeavor in the coming years, including health, economic, social, and environmental. In many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, high rates of urbanization have unfolded in context of stagnating economies and poor planning and governance, creating a new face of abject poverty concentrated in slums or informal settlements in major cities.
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Slum Upgrading and Health Equity
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Today there are nearly one billion slum dwellers worldwide of a total world population of slightly under seven billion (UN, Department of Social and Economic Affairs, 2011). While 220 million people have been lifted out of slum conditions over the past 10 years, the number of people living in slum conditions is likely to grow by six million every year, to reach a total of 889 million by 2020. In order to address this, it is necessary to equip cities and their practitioners with the tools and capacities to anticipate and control urban growth. In this light, municipal staff will require knowledge, skills and methodologies that will allow them not only to upgrade existing slums but also prevent the appearance of new ones. This Guide, A Practical Guide to Designing, Planning and Executing Citywide Slum Upgrading Programmes, advocates for a citywide approach to slum upgrading. This approach represents a fundamental shift from piecemeal project interventions to a citywide programme approach. While singular projects are relatively limited in scope, scale, duration and geography, citywide programmes are longer in duration, broader in scope, and involve multiple settlements and simultaneous interventions. This Practical Guide is part of a trilogy on citywide slum upgrading that includes Streets as Tools for Urban Transformation in Slums: A Street-led Approach to Citywide Slum Upgrading and A Training Module for Designing and Implementing Citywide Slum Upgrading. Together, these publications present a UN-Habitat approach to slum upgrading, encouraging an approach that is both street-led and citywide. Along with the other two partner publications, this Practical Guide provides an accessible tool for practitioners, leading them through UN-Habitat steps towards a successful citywide slum-upgrading program.
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Analysis of sustainability in the slum upgrading process: the stormwater subsystem and the accessibility, mobility and transport Mateus H. Andrade student Escola Politécnica da Universidade de São Paulo (EP-USP) Brazil [email protected] Architect Patricia Aulicino, EP-USP, Brazil, [email protected] Professor Alex Kenya Abiko, EP-USP, Brazil, [email protected] Summary The process of rapid urbanization in developing countries has produced divided cities where the formal and informal live side by side. Informal settlements have become complex forms, where the social and environmental problems are major challenges for the government and the population for decades, in order to find ways to include them in the urban environment of the formal city, and to improve the quality of life of its inhabitants and minimize environmental impacts caused by the land occupation without infrastructure. In relation to urban systems, accessibility, mobility and transport system and the storm water drainage subsystem directly impact on the environment and quality of life of residents, especially in environmental preservation areas. However, as slums are very specific and complex systems, the slum upgrading project should be aware of the location characteristics, observing certain principles related to minimum conditions for the implantation of urban systems. Based on cases of slum upgrading in environmental protected areas, this paper aims to analyze the solutions encountered at implementing the urban infrastructure of drainage and road system in slums, examining the techniques employed and finding innovative solutions implemented by the interaction between the technicians with the local community. The results show the benefits that the urban upgrading process of informal settlements can provide to the environment and to the slum dwellers, if properly planned and performed.
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Citywide Slum Upgrading Is Not a Call for Bigger Projects
Citywide Slum upgrading is not a call for bigger projects. It Alexandra, Johannesburg requires regulatory, institutional, and policy Upgrading reforms, coupled with long-term strategies. he endorsement by all UN Member Citywide strategies should have clear targets States of the Alliance’s Cities and involve virtually all of the city’s service T Without Slums initiative in the providers, and must be coupled with effec- Millennium Declaration and the adoption of tive land management policies to manage “improved sanitation” and “secure tenure” as future growth and to prevent the formation the two indicators to measure progress in of future slums. achieving this goal have greatly empowered Alliance partners worldwide who are already striving to meet this goal. PERCENT OF URBAN POPULATION LIVING IN SLUMS The commitment to provide secure tenure 60% directly responds to a key causal factor of 50% poverty, social exclusion and the continued proliferation of slums all over the world.The 40% provision of secure tenure enables the poor to build their assets and income, and is 30% fundamental to distributing the benefits of economic growth. 20 Alliance partners in this effort include 10 organisations of slum dwellers, some of the world’s major cities, and national authorities 0 Africa Asia & LAC Europe Northern who are committed to establish the environ- 56% Oceania 26% 4% America ment necessary to support nationwide slum 37% 1% upgrading.The challenge of scaling up slum Estimated from the Secure Tenure Index,UN-HABITAT,2002 UN-HABITAT estimates that there are a total of 840 million slum dwellers 20 Cities Alliance 2002 worldwide.
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About Slum Upgrading
ABOUT SLUM UPGRADING ABOUT SLUMS More than one billion people in the world live in slums. CITIES ALLIANCE IN ACTION In the developing world, one out of every three people living in cities lives in a slum. Slums are often economically vibrant; in many cities, as much as 60 per cent of SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL UGANDA employment is in the informal sector. Project: Technical cooperation on a citywide slum Project: Transforming the Settlements of the Urban Poor Some other names for slums are barrio, basti, bidonville, favela, ghetto, kampong, upgrading programme initiative. It is the first implementation of the Cities Alliance’s katchi abadi, masseque, shanty towns, skid row, and squatter cities. global Land, Services and Citizenship programme, which The Situation: The largest city in Brazil, São Paulo attracted millions of immigrants during an industralisation seeks to assist a selected group of developing countries WHAT ARE SLUMS? boom from the 1950s to the 1980s. This rapid growth grapple with the challenge of rapid urbanisation, growing resulted in a proliferation of informal settlements, many cities and deepening urban poverty. The word slum is used to describe informal settlements within cities that have inadequate on precarious land with no services. The Situation: Uganda’s urban growth rate has increased housing and squalid, miserable living conditions. They are often overcrowded and are not significantly in recent years as rural poverty and conflict in provided basic municipal services, such as water and sanitation. Slum dwellers are forced Partners: The World Bank and the São Paulo Municipal Housing Secretariat (SEHAB) the northern part of the country have driven people to the to obtain land informally or illegally, and build housing for their families with little or no cities.
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Disenfranchised
The World Bank UNCHS (Habitat) Special Summary Public Disclosure Authorized Edition Cities Alliance Public Disclosure Authorized for Cities Without Slums Action Plan for Moving Slum Public Disclosure Authorized Upgrading to Scale… Public Disclosure Authorized Working together to change faces of poverty… …working together to change lives. Your comments and contributions to this dialogue on a global Action Plan for moving slum upgrading to scale are welcome. Please contact: [email protected] Fax: 202 522-2125 Tel: 202-473-0409 CONTENTS I. The Challenge........................................................................... 1 II. The Slum Upgrading Action Plan ........................................... 6 III. Action Plan Linkages to the Development Framework ......... 9 IV. A Local Client and Partner Response................................... 10 V. Launching the Cities Alliance................................................ 12 VI. World Bank Questions and Answers on Slum Upgrading .. 14 Annex: A Current Example of Scaling-Up Slum Upgrading ‘Parivartan’ Slum Networking Project City of Ahmedabad, India I. The Challenge Hundreds of millions of urban poor in the developing and transitional world have few options but to live in squalid, unsafe environments where they face multiple threats to their health and security. Slums and squatter settlements lack the most basic infrastructure and services. Their populations are marginalized and largely disenfranchised. They are exposed to disease, crime and vulnerable to natural disasters. Slum and squatter settlements are growing at alarming rates, projected to double in 25 years. Slums are the products of failed policies, bad governance, corruption, inappropriate regulation, dysfunctional land markets, unresponsive financial systems, and a fundamental lack of political will. Each of these failures adds to the toll on people already deeply burdened by poverty and constrains the enormous opportunity for human development that urban life offers.
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