4wWK ftf' ' TWi "4 $% 1 ^ a .'A... ir»' illlly fe«

Mk

NADTII fifty AT A kota soil, and a fort or trading port occupied the country, became an easy llVn I II LPfl IV Vr I fie »eems to have been established there Prey and soon became extinct. oS?ti?J 1892mwheS with the Indians in ; but John Elvelt, John Anderson, Danta! Th -<• , \ ^ *• w as early ia 1797, by Chabouilller, a ® expedition was under the com- *• *?• Allen appears^ as registerSSMSS i l oisen, TOomas Clover ChSS _j ^ , ,1 ' French trader, there was no permanent mand of Captains Lewis and Clarke. Wilkinson ae receiver. The first pre- was killed by the Sioux at Pembina, Bronson. LMi from the Hfstorv of Korth settlement,,till 1801, When Capt Henry." of the army. They left .emptlon claim in the two Dakotas was as late as 1878; Farmer Henry, at July 3,1871, an election precinct was tIhVnfa v_ fui Triii,ilImi. . I. tutuM an agent ofthe Hudson Bay company, the mouth of Wood river, Mo., May ma^e by Thomas McLeese, two miles Maudan, as late as 1875; and the same established at Grand Fortes. In Sep> '• iTw vOL liO^BOefiy# MttOf established apost on the ground after- 14> 1804. The party consisted of the west of Yankton; the first homestead year a herder, named Wright, about tember of that year a voting preclnot Jf th# Rcoord, North Dakota's His* ward selected by Maj. Hatch for his two officers named, nine young men by Mablon Gore, but it was forfeited two miles north of Bismarck. A mall was established at Wild Rice in Cass tsrtaal .Tha LitiiiaiMie ^ *nd in 1871 by James Jw>m Kentucky, twenty-one United by [ reason of the Indian troubles, carrier was also killed between Bis­ cp^ty- A ferry charter was granted -wicai aagaaae in© LOQISlaoa j. Hill for the establfidiment of bis States soldiers, a colored n«n named ,Chajrles Cavalier made the first pre- marck and Standing Rock, about the that fall to G. J. Keeny on the Red same* time. There were quite a num­ river at Fargo. D. F. Brawley was rnrchas®—Korth Dakota Success- ^dedwarehouse. From this point YOrke, belonging to Capt. Clarke, an empltlon entry In North Dakota and ber of Indian depredations in connso- IWaIt rialm- m.en 'eturnefl.. The exploring party Pembina in December, 1870. go. J. C. Dodge of Bismarck and * Brawley $15 per annum, and Fadden i»tv 01 alSSOun, Micniean, WIS- Inl811 Thomas Douglas, earl of Sel- wintered at Fort Clarke, opposite the Enos Stutsman was president of the miner named McCall, also of Bis­ $21. and Minnesota-—Pembina, purchased a large tract of land mouth of Knife river, in North Dako- council in 1862 and Moses It. Arm- marck. were killed. first Instrument offered for reo* Ifamn iiTiri RiatnavAIr in 41>a IfintiA. _? Hudson Bay company. His head- ta. The fort, however, was not estab- "trohg, afterward delegate to congress, The first session of the supreme ord in North Dakota was a bill of sale, rargoana BlBniaiCK in the Minne- quarters were at Fort Douglas, near llshed untU 1808. The excellence of waa speaker of the house. JnmeS Mc- court for Dakota was held at Yaafe* dated Sept 12, 1868. Baptiste Guards ton in July, 1865. That year treaties Pee sold William H. Moorhead four apolis District Ofllvw 46 Years Abo, winnlpeg.and his settlements extended the country and the abundance of the Fetridge of Pembina was a member of an< ' T®. uplin KAfnboth MIAthe AssinaboineA •alnalvf'JM* andam J theAU* Bed game M*MA in the country reported. .by this... theLI.. council ..Jand Capt/i x **H. S.« Donaldson«• „were made with theif Brulesrue" and2??,S5r?* other Rnlrtt* marial aifc fh? ox for $553. Joseph rivers. The settlers were Scots evict­ expedition, led to its-- occupation by andsj.'an where they fortlfled the town and Bismarck in 1874, while acting sheriff, In 1851 Norman W. Kittson, Joseph States in 1803 of'France for the sum oompany agents determined to drive was a member from Todd county, and Rolette and Charles Cavalier were the . of $15,000,000. Until 1767 It was claim- also, antelope, deer and bear. In North regained a month or more. In 1863 only white men residing In North Da­ % •dwim byiv Francejrnuww andTi-m thenunru cededmini weto Spain. u. th®™ out and failing to incite the In- Dakotar__1_nrill the Mandans,imnr Grosur Ventres other settlers were killed in the Sioux George T. Foster was chief clerk of C an the house. In 1866 another commis­ kota. The remainder of the inhabit­ In "l800 "lt^wae" re^ed^ to"'Fnmce d Arricakees wer^found to have an valley, among them Thomas Thomp- ants were Indians or part bloods. Kitt­ and in 1803 sold to the United States 2J2L5rabundance of corn, which they were «>n. returning from Fort Randall to sion proceeded up the , as stated. ~?r that year they massaored Gov. Sem- eager to trade for trinkets or sunnlies Yankton, and the family of Mr. Wtee- and made treaties with the Indians at son had then resided in the country " of any klnd _ But thelr rr man wlnlui vni • anUlar In dm Snllir'a eight years. Rolette came in 1842. Ro­ That part of this purchase lying ^ * greatest ad- *o was a soldier In Gen. Sully's add Fort Berthold. lette was engaged with his uncle, Fish- southrath of Arkansas was designated as employes _and some of the settlers, miration was bestowed on the Iron ar- expedition. On returning from Yank- Ex-Gov. Edmunds was theiw headuwu of er, In runnine a line of cjirtu frn'm th". Che Territory of Orleans. That north . jf.i^?11 row heads made by the expedition Mrs. Wiseman found her son, six- J^is commission, also. They distrib- settlements was styled the District of Louisiana. blacksmiths by the Sse ofNorth Da-tf^^<>ld, dead In, the rd, a tol8«TLSSf^SS5SdS This fort proving to be on the Ameri­ kota coal, found in the greatest abund- thirteen-year-old sou dead neary? him, a Indians. M. K. Armstrong was presi­ The District of Louisiana embraced all can side, when the international boun­ son. He died in 1870, and how liven of the present states of Arkansas, ance about Knife River. dead Indian lying on the floor, the old- dent of the senate and Gen. Todd only in the memory of the people, grate­ , Nebraska, Missouri, Minnesota, dary was established, was torn down The Astor Fur company was the est daugMer, a S,rt o* eighteen, with speaker of the house. North Dakbta fully remembered especially at St Faul, In 1823, and the Scotch members of first to occupy the Missouri river but ln lrf° l»°ker jammed down her throat, was still unrepresented. Montana, Kansas, North and South Da­ the colony Retired across the line. There for his part in saving the capital In kota, Indian Territory, and parts of owing to the complications Incident to a yoinger child stabbed, but not dead, In 1867 representatives of all the Iih that city in 1857, when he made away Colorado and Wyoming. The govern­ was one party of Swiss colonists in the war, that company was merged ln bl ^ baked to dea,th ln the dian tribes were sent to Washington, the Selkirk settlements. They mainly oven and the h0UE with the bill removing It to St. Peter. ing power was vested in the Indian into.the Northwestern company and ' * Plundered. Later accompanied by Gov.Faulk and Timing Prior to Kittson's establishment at Territory. passed up the river and became the did not put in Its appeatance asaln Ser8jant Tmsk was killed at Choteau Agents Conger, iiuiisou, Conger and Pembina, whatever mail received waa early settlers in Minnesota. until reorganized, in 1832 John C cree Stutsman was again president Stone. There were forty-five Indians In July, 1805, this tract became the "Hie Hudson Bay company was char­ * of tl e council, but there were no rep- in the party, and they were said to brought in via Husdon Bay, and waa Territory of Louisiana, and in 1812 tered by Charles n. in 1670. He grant­ but once a year. It Is related of the the Territory of Missouri. In 1835 ed to Prince Rupert and fourteen as-^.^ parents of Mrs. Cavalier that they the Territory of wa* organ­ soelates all of the land on the Hudson " > had the London Times sent them in ised, and that portion of the two Da­ bay and on streams tributary to it withfeiffiSI bound volumes by the yearly mail. The kotas east of the Missouri river be­ full power to sell and govern. TMrlflll old gentleman would read one cow came a part of Michigan, with the system embraced a governor, chief fao-i»i?|;g| each day, being that for the correspond­ western part called Mandan Territory. tors, or principal traders, and general ing day of the previous year. Orders Two yean later Wisconsin was organ- regulations deemed essential for the". were given in August for goods to be lied, and the two Dakotas became St peaoe and safety of property. They is- ' ' delivered by the first boat the Croix county, Wisconsin. In 1849 Min­ sued currency and .woe monarohs of '. year. After the establishment of the nesota was created, and the eastern' the country. The land was known as^f^s '4 Kittson trading interest at Pembina, haM4iof tbe two Dakotas were In the Rupert's Land and their possessions ex­ a monthly mall line waa established. tlve district with Minneapolis. tended up the Red river to Lake Trav-^i^:^ The mall was carried by cart trains in <1851 .Minnesota was divided into erse, until cut short by the establish- ., . summer, a part of the way by canoe, ounties and the eastern half of ment of the international boundary.P?§S*$|! and by dog trains in winter. forth Dakota waa in Pembina county, A rival company wis organized in 1783 ; ? The Indian title was extinguished In Minnesota. The western half , was still at Mon^al, and this oompany fought \ S 1858 through a treaty with the Indians Mandan, .but in 1854 became a part'of its way into the Hudson bay territory .,, . by Gen. J. B. S. Todd and C. F. Nebraska. Norman W. Kittson repre­ Plcotte to the land in the Missouri and organized the breeds so far as pos-'-v-'v 'valley for about sixty miles above sented North Dakota in the Minnesota sible-to contoid against the old corn-fit ^ Yankton, and from that time on the legislature In 1852. Joseph Rolette and pany, but the massacre of the settlerspffl settlement In South Dakota became Antoine Glngras of Pembina were his in 1816 brought so much adverse crltl-1%% quite rapid though, as before stated, colleagues In the house, Kittson being cism upon them that they were flnally:H§ all settlers were driven to Yankton In the council. consolidated with Ihe Hudson Bay com-s@ during the Indian troubles of 1862. All In 1858, when Minnesota was admit­ pany, which continued to accupy the'V ^ , of the settlers In Dakota, which then ted to the Union, the eastern half of country till,about 1875. embraced all of 'Montana and a pari North ..Dakota was without a name or The discharged employes of these two ;J.' / ^ a. legal existence, and the western half of Idaho and Wyoming at that time, '/ companies, with the assistance of; did not exceed 2,000. Ihe settlements Was Nebraska. Senator Graham N. American cajHtalists organized an- were about equally distributed be­ Fitch of Introduced a bill to other company called the Colum- 1 tween Pembina in North Dakota and create the Territory of Dakota, but it bia, which had trading posts all through " Minnehaha, Clay, Union, Yankton and failed. In 1860 Senator James S. North Dakota and Minnesota, with*: Bonhomme counties in South Dakota. Greene of Missouri reintroduced the headquarters at Lake Traverse. Other Enos Stutsman, afterward prominent measure, and it bocame a law by the independent traders came In, Recontre1 In North Dakota affairs, was appoint* •I f approval of President Buchannan estebllshing_posts„ on the James river, - ed private secretary to Gov. Jaynea. 4 i March 2,186L May 27, 1861, William and ln 1841 Commodore Kittson arrived' Walter A. Burleigh was agent of the Jayne of , having been appoint* at Pembina with four Red river carts! North'Dakota Farm. Yankton Indiana. s i 'i* ed governor by President Lincoln, ar­ loaded with goods and commenced lay­ J. B. S. Todd, the first delegate to rived at Yankton, and the Territory of ing the foundation for his colossal for­ congress from Dakota* came to the M Dakota commenced Its civil life. It tune. In 1842 he was Joined by Joseph territory ln 1855 with Gen. Harney, It has been asserted that the name Is a Rolette. Trade was developed to Fremont visited North Dakota, Devils resentatives from the Red River dfs» have had a jolly time, with only on^ who camped with 1,200 men that win- t * Sloux word, signifying "allied tribes." an extent that in 1851 a port of entry Lake and the Moose river in '1829. trict. "aqcident" to report. One of the In- ter at Fort Pierre. Capt Sully was This is not true ae to its signification. was established at. Pembina, and The first land ceded by the Tn W. E. Gleaeon of Maryland, f The name Pembina, first applied to clfio railroad made it of no further which had gained a foothold under the ganized as such. It remained as Kitt­ of the house. H. J. Austin, the well district attorney, and W. F. Shaffer of this portion of Minnesota, and in 1867 use. The dead were then removed to treaty of 1858 with the Yanktons, un son county until 1867, when it was or- known surveyor, was president of the Maryland, United States marshal. tb the Red river valley, extending as Fort Lincoln, and that in turn aban- fler which all of the lands east of the ganized as Pembina and then em- council, George I. Foster, secretary. It Newton Edmunds of Michigan, after- «.—.—I — wr_, . -•—-• - • -• ' 6 - - was this legislature which created all w*ard governor, was chief draughts- aryr far west as Nelson couflty, is said to doned. Fort Lincoln,- near THnmowpJr, Missouri river was ceded to the whites, bi-acedalf of North Dakota ln the Red ma in v of the eastern portion of North Dakota ^ the office of the surveyor gen- % 4r, have originated from a berry growing and Seward, near Jamestown, were in- aot including the Chippewa country, of River valley. Chippewa county, cre- era -^'jr on the Pembina river, but this is not cldents of the Northern Paclflc con- course, in the Red river country. All ated In 1862, embraced the Grand~ In the county of Pembina, and the coun- *> the case. Pemmlcan was the. "bread" struction, as Totten, Ransom and other the settlers in South Dakota fled to Forks region, Stevens county the ty seat was established at Pembina, T,ie governors of Dakota have been of the early settlers. It was made by forts were of the Indian war of nwa. Yankton, where there were two com- Fargo region and Sheyenne the Rich­ with Charles Cavalier, Joseph Rolette, ?? follows: William Jayhcs, 1861-1863; cuttlng the buffalo meat ln strips, Abercrombie afforded a place of refuge Panles of soldiers authorized by the land county country extending south, and Charles Grant, county commission- Newton Edmunds, 1863-18U0; Andrew hung In' the open air until partially to the settlers of North Dakota during war department commanded by Capt. however, to Duel county in South Da­ ers. The county was organized Aug. ar. Faulk, 1866-1868; John A. Burbank, dried, then whipped or pounded Into the Indian war as Yankton did In South Nelson Miner, organized in 2361-2, and kota. 12, 1867. John E. Harrison was ap­ 1869-1874; John L. Pennington, 1874- Shreds on the hides of the buffalo., • Dakota. qapt William Mpp> organized ln In 1864 Enos Stutsman was again pointed register of deeds, William H. 1878; William A. Howard, 1878-1880; Backs were then made of the buffalo ^ 1862. president of the council and the North Moorhead, sheriff; James McFetridge, N. G. Ordway, 1880-1884; Gilbert A. •kins,„ the— buffalo fat heated— and these Resulting from the purchase of the in 1864 a colony was organized at Dakota district was still unrepresent­ judge of probate; and John Dease, su­ Pierce, 1884-1887; Louis K. Church, 1887-1889; Arthur C. Mellette, till '•1 tine_ all reds of meat pat into it nntlt~ Louisiana tract^ in 1803,^ . an expedition Syracuse, —N, Y., by James S. Foster, ed.w> aaUJamesicD «.B. Gayton, ^however, the perintendent of public instruction. IS It became thick, when;It was turned was immediately started out to ex- brother of George I. Foster of Fargo, first white settler in Emmons county. This appears to have been the first statehood. John Miller was elected Into the sacks and sewed up, and P*ore tne Missouri portion of our new who was a member of the colony and was an officer—assistant secretary of civil., organisation in North Dakota, ex-— governor of North Dakota in 1881)._ An-_ would keep for years. The marrow Possessions. The lower portions of settled at various points on the Big the council; and George I. Foster, the oepting- the- old Pembina county ef Smrtridae^f\i«'ndrew H. Burke In 1890, — ~ "ui fat was used for putting up the tender, the MUwouri river were In possession Sioux. The drouth and grasshoppers first clerk of the court ln North Dako- whlch ®°,faLas Norttl irju d *e Uin bins, and into this berries were stlmsd, of the Sioux, and most of the North- of that year caused many to leave for ta, was chief clerk of the house. At Pakota w®f concerned, ta 1858. Vot- • . ... . making the berry pemmlcan. There- enipart was occupiedby the Man- other parts._ The colony numbered 100 this time there were no public schools Hmearsrjoseph^plmtoapafk Rlv tewltoSrw^j^^^SldJ^ffl^ foce, pemmican ln a gffiieral way meant Jjau*. Arrickarees and Gros Ventres. femiUes. They chartered a special In all North Dakota, but Newton Ed­ •SHiethlhv to eat The Cathollo mis- were then powerful tribes. The train from Syracuse to MarshaUtown, munds having been appointed govern­ er, Dead Island (Cavalier county), Pop- Walter a. Burleggh, 1804 to 1809; sionarles had overran the country and oloux were given to the use of Intoxl- Iowa, the nearest railroad point Gld- or, appointed James S. Fester superin­ lar Creek (Nelson county), Sheyenne Spink, from 1860 to 1871; M. K. most of the voyageurs and traders were ««ng liquors, but the Mandans ware son O. Moody, since senator from tendent ofw public instruction. Foster (now Cass and Richland counties). Thfc ffinwtrong, fwwn 1871to 1875; J. P. devoted to that faith. The Holy Bo- the original prohibitionists, and boy- South Dakota; was a member of this made an Interesting i oharist was oelebrated at stated times, potted even those who offered them colony. Gen. Sully's expedition was lslature convening ii J >6e li: tu 1 111 Fo 1,1 1 and thejhunters made long trips to at- Intoxicating liquors. They depended accompanied'by the two companies of In 1865 the last official act of Presi- ^ ? i.^^ ° P f***' P" S Z»"wa tend, a&d ^ey came to call this oelebrar largely_upon corn for their subsist? pakota cavalry, and while South Da- dent Lincoln was to sign the commit ]£'Glffort, from 1^ to^ Oscar 8. re >7; George A. tton ihe "Pembina," meaning blessed ence. They had few arms, and en. kota and Minnesota suffered from ex- sion of S. L. Spink as secretary of Da- ? P cjnct. _ ^ Mathews from i»w tlU statehood. m2w brsad, or, as Senator Bogle expressed deavored to tire out the antelope by treme drouth the Indian corn crops on kota. In the summer of 1865 Fort - ««t term of court was at Pem- Mathews0 Hen from ^1887 blna In July 1871. Judge French pre- ? ?' ^ C. HanStaough was the 4k it Sacred Bread. ^ running them down with relays <« the Missouri ln North Dakota were re- James was built at Fire Steel, and 1 1 sided and George I. Foster was clerk. SI*, member of congress from North f\ While there Is in history, there was a PomM^ The buffalo were principally ported good. Other settlements com- Fort Dakota at Sioux Falls. In July The following were the members of Rn]^ta was succeeded by Hon. •ettter at Pembtna ss early as I78fc WDsd te chasing them over high menced coming ln until ln 1865 the of that year a Mr. LaMoure, engaged the grand jury for that term: D. M. Job®**® I® 1882, who Is wbo was -reported stUl llving there In bluffs, where It was hoped they would taxable valuation ln all the Dakotas in haying at Richland, Union county, 8t i«3 11 00111 Moorhead, R. D. George, Peter Fergu- i}l 1° oongress, V *' ***"* P* * crippled or drowned. The was $158,903. Settlements Increased ln was killed by Indians and Thomas son. John F. Robinson, William H. .On the organlsatkm of the state Hon. estatglsl^1h» toterasHots! boundary, jwar was monareh of all he surveyed; the southern part of the then Territory Watson was badly wounded. They Gllbert and for the first time offldally display. ttws^was no Indian who dared bls of Dakota, and by 1868 the population took all of the horses belonging to the Moorhead, L. E. GulUon, Lucene Ger- A. Pleroe was elected ts the fd tbe stars fnd stripes on North Da* jtl&t to dispute. The goats which then - bad reached 12,000.. oux, James Hastings, James A. B. Duf- Continaedjoa eighth page, baying party. Tbis ended the trouble fie,' Frank LaRose, Francis ColumtHfc •*<-?. ^ iv, 1-*^ vf •-,t \ V- »»» t\x""r % *

1 * * / mimB U .,1 *J~r * j *• w.% -r1 ^ - <1 vs V V1 4 & WiWt srl?f

< ^ 'L. v J f. I w ""J?* s', Vi '•k V *i ) ' 3 JTf

iVfi