Selected Vector-Borne Diseases – Description and Differentiation
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Human Parasitisation with Nymphal Dermacentor Auratus Supino, 1897 (Acari: Ixodoiidea: Ixodidae)
Veterinary Practitioner Vol. 20 No. 2 December 2019 HUMAN PARASITISATION WITH NYMPHAL DERMACENTOR AURATUS SUPINO, 1897 (ACARI: IXODOIIDEA: IXODIDAE) Saidul Islam1, Prabhat Chandra Sarmah2 and Kanta Bhattacharjee3 Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Science Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati- 781 022, Assam, India Received on: 29.09.2019 ABSTRACT Accepted on: 03.11.2019 Human parasitisation with nymphal tick and its morhphology has been described. First author accidentally acquired with three nymphal tick infestation from wilderness. Nymphs were attached in hand and both the arm pits leading to intense itching, oedematous swelling and pinkish skin discolouration at the site of attachment. On sixth day of infestation there was mild pyrexia, the differential leukocytic count showed polymorphs 68%, lymphocytes 27%, monocytes 2% and eosinophils 3%. Though the conditions were ameliorated after steroid therapy, yet, the site of attachment was indurated for 8 months which gradually resolved. A nymph replete with blood meal was put in a desiccator with sufficient humidity at room temperature of 170C for moulting that transformed into adult female in 43 days measuring 5.0 X 5.5 mm in size. Detail morphological study confirmed the species as Dermacentor auratus Supino, 1897. Significance of human tick parasitisation has been reviewed and warranted for transmission of possible vector borne pathogens. Key words: Dermacentor auratus, nymph, human, India Introduction Result and Discussion Ticks form a major group of ectoparasites of animals, Tick species and morphology birds and reptiles to cause different types of direct injuries The partially fed nymphs were brown coloured measuring and transmit infectious diseases. Human parasitisation 2.0 X 2.5 mm in size with deep cervical groove, nearly circular by tick, although not common as compared to the animals, small scutum broadest in the middle and 3/3 dentition in the has been recorded in different parts of the world (Wassef hypostome. -
Influence of Parasites on Fitness Parameters of the European Hedgehog (Erinaceus Europaeus)
Influence of parasites on fitness parameters of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus ) Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines DOKTORS DER NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (Dr. rer. nat.) Fakultät für Chemie und Biowissenschaften Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) – Universitätsbereich vorgelegte DISSERTATION von Miriam Pamina Pfäffle aus Heilbronn Dekan: Prof. Dr. Stefan Bräse Referent: Prof. Dr. Horst Taraschewski Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Agustin Estrada-Peña Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 19.10.2010 For my mother and my sister – the strongest influences in my life “Nose-to-nose with a hedgehog, you get a chance to look into its eyes and glimpse a spark of truly wildlife.” (H UGH WARWICK , 2008) „Madame Michel besitzt die Eleganz des Igels: außen mit Stacheln gepanzert, eine echte Festung, aber ich ahne vage, dass sie innen auf genauso einfache Art raffiniert ist wie die Igel, diese kleinen Tiere, die nur scheinbar träge, entschieden ungesellig und schrecklich elegant sind.“ (M URIEL BARBERY , 2008) Index of contents Index of contents ABSTRACT 13 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 15 I. INTRODUCTION 17 1. Parasitism 17 2. The European hedgehog ( Erinaceus europaeus LINNAEUS 1758) 19 2.1 Taxonomy and distribution 19 2.2 Ecology 22 2.3 Hedgehog populations 25 2.4 Parasites of the hedgehog 27 2.4.1 Ectoparasites 27 2.4.2 Endoparasites 32 3. Study aims 39 II. MATERIALS , ANIMALS AND METHODS 41 1. The experimental hedgehog population 41 1.1 Hedgehogs 41 1.2 Ticks 43 1.3 Blood sampling 43 1.4 Blood parameters 45 1.5 Regeneration 47 1.6 Climate parameters 47 2. Hedgehog dissections 48 2.1 Hedgehog samples 48 2.2 Biometrical data 48 2.3 Organs 49 2.4 Parasites 50 3. -
Fauna of Nakai District, Khammouane Province, Laos
Systematic & Applied Acarology 21(2): 166–180 (2016) ISSN 1362-1971 (print) http://doi.org/10.11158/saa.21.2.2 ISSN 2056-6069 (online) Article First survey of the hard tick (Acari: Ixodidae) fauna of Nakai Dis- trict, Khammouane Province, Laos, and an updated checklist of the ticks of Laos KHAMSING VONGPHAYLOTH1,4, PAUL T. BREY1, RICHARD G. ROBBINS2 & IAN W. SUTHERLAND3 1Institut Pasteur du Laos, Laboratory of Vector-Borne Diseases, Samsenthai Road, Ban Kao-Gnot, Sisattanak District, P.O Box 3560, Vientiane, Lao PDR. 2Armed Forces Pest Management Board, Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Energy, Installations and Environ- ment, Silver Spring, MD 20910-1202. 3Chief of Entomological Sciences, U.S. Naval Medical Research Center - Asia, Sembawang, Singapore. 4Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract From 2012 to 2014, tick collections for tick and tick-borne pathogen surveillance were carried out in two areas of Nakai District, Khammouane Province, Laos: the Watershed Management and Protection Authority (WMPA) area and Phou Hin Poun National Protected Area (PHP NPA). Throughout Laos, ticks and tick- associated pathogens are poorly known. Fifteen thousand and seventy-three ticks representing larval (60.72%), nymphal (37.86%) and adult (1.42%) life stages were collected. Five genera comprising at least 11 species, including three suspected species that could not be readily determined, were identified from 215 adult specimens: Amblyomma testudinarium Koch (10; 4.65%), Dermacentor auratus Supino (17; 7.91%), D. steini (Schulze) (7; 3.26%), Haemaphysalis colasbelcouri (Santos Dias) (1; 0.47%), H. hystricis Supino (59; 27.44%), H. sp. near aborensis Warburton (91; 42.33%), H. -
Borne Pathogens Tim R
Hofmeester et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018) 11:600 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3126-8 RESEARCH Open Access Role of mustelids in the life-cycle of ixodid ticks and transmission cycles of four tick- borne pathogens Tim R. Hofmeester1,2*, Aleksandra I. Krawczyk3, Arieke Docters van Leeuwen3, Manoj Fonville3, Margriet G. E. Montizaan4, Koen van den Berge5, Jan Gouwy5, Sanne C. Ruyts6, Kris Verheyen6 and Hein Sprong3* Abstract Background: Elucidating which wildlife species significantly contribute to the maintenance of Ixodes ricinus populations and the enzootic cycles of the pathogens they transmit is imperative in understanding the driving forces behind the emergence of tick-borne diseases. Here, we aimed to quantify the relative contribution of four mustelid species in the life-cycles of I. ricinus and Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) in forested areas and to investigate their role in the transmission of other tick-borne pathogens. Road-killed badgers, pine martens, stone martens and polecats were collected in Belgium and the Netherlands. Their organs and feeding ticks were tested for the presence of tick-borne pathogens. Results: Ixodes hexagonus and I. ricinus were found on half of the screened animals (n = 637). Pine martens had the highest I. ricinus burden, whereas polecats had the highest I. hexagonus burden. We detected DNA from B. burgdorferi (s.l.)andAnaplasma phagocytophilum in organs of all four mustelid species (n = 789), and Neoehrlichia mikurensis DNA was detected in all species, except badgers. DNA from B. miyamotoi was not detected in any of the investigated mustelids. From the 15 larvae of I. ricinus feeding on pine martens (n = 44), only one was positive for B. -
Erinaceus Europaeus) in Urmia City, Iran: First Report
ORIGINAL Veterinary ARTICLE Veterinary Research Forum. 2013; 4 (3) 191 - 194 Research Forum Journal Homepage: vrf.iranjournals.ir Ectoparasitic infestations of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) in Urmia city, Iran: First report Tahmineh Gorgani-Firouzjaee1, Behzad Pour-Reza2, Soraya Naem1*, Mousa Tavassoli1 1Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran; 2 Resident in Veterinary Surgery, Department of Surgery and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Article Info Abstract Article history: Hedgehogs are small, nocturnal mammals that become popular in the world and have significant role in transmission of zoonotic agents. Some of the agents are transmitted by ticks Received: 01 September 2012 and fleas such as rickettsial agents. For these reason, a survey on ectoparasites in European Accepted: 02 March 2013 hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) carried out between April 2006 and December 2007 from Available online: 15 September 2013 different parts of Urmia city, west Azerbaijan, Iran. After being euthanized external surface of body of animals was precisely considered for ectoparasites, and arthropods were collected and Key words: stored in 70% ethanol solution. Out of 34 hedgehogs 23 hedgehogs (67.70%) were infested with ticks (Rhipicephalus turanicus). Fleas of the species Archaeopsylla erinacei were found on Ectoparasite 19 hedgehogs of 34 hedgehogs (55.90%). There was no significant differences between sex of Hedgehog ticks (p > 0.05) but found in fleas (p < 0.05). The prevalence of infestation in sexes and the body Iran condition of hedgehogs (small, medium and large) with ticks and fleas did not show significant Urmia differences (p > 0.05). Highest occurrence of infestation in both tick and flea was in June. -
Canisuga, I. (Ph.) Kaiseri, I
Hornok et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:545 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2424-x RESEARCH Open Access Contributions to the phylogeny of Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) canisuga, I. (Ph.) kaiseri, I. (Ph.) hexagonus and a simple pictorial key for the identification of their females Sándor Hornok1* , Attila D. Sándor2, Relja Beck3, Róbert Farkas1, Lorenza Beati4, Jenő Kontschán5, Nóra Takács1, Gábor Földvári1, Cornelia Silaghi6, Elisabeth Meyer-Kayser7, Adnan Hodžić8, Snežana Tomanović9, Swaid Abdullah10, Richard Wall10, Agustín Estrada-Peña11, Georg Gerhard Duscher8 and Olivier Plantard12 Abstract Background: In Europe, hard ticks of the subgenus Pholeoixodes (Ixodidae: Ixodes) are usually associated with burrow-dwelling mammals and terrestrial birds. Reports of Pholeoixodes spp. from carnivores are frequently contradictory, and their identification is not based on key diagnostic characters. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to identify ticks collected from dogs, foxes and badgers in several European countries, and to reassess their systematic status with molecular analyses using two mitochondrial markers. Results: Between 2003 and 2017, 144 Pholeoixodes spp. ticks were collected in nine European countries. From accurate descriptions and comparison with type-materials, a simple illustrated identification key was compiled for adult females, by focusing on the shape of the anterior surface of basis capituli. Based on this key, 71 female ticks were identified as I. canisuga,21asI. kaiseri and 21 as I. hexagonus. DNA was extracted from these 113 female ticks, and from further 31 specimens. Fragments of two mitochondrial genes, cox1 (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1) and 16S rRNA, were amplified and sequenced. Ixodes kaiseri had nine unique cox1 haplotypes, which showed 99.2–100% sequence identity, whereas I. -
Central-European Ticks (Ixodoidea) - Key for Determination 61-92 ©Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz, Austria, Download Unter
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Mitteilungen der Abteilung für Zoologie am Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz Jahr/Year: 1972 Band/Volume: 01_1972 Autor(en)/Author(s): Nosek Josef, Sixl Wolf Artikel/Article: Central-European Ticks (Ixodoidea) - Key for determination 61-92 ©Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Mitt. Abt. Zool. Landesmus. Joanneum Jg. 1, H. 2 S. 61—92 Graz 1972 Central-European Ticks (Ixodoidea) — Key for determination — By J. NOSEK & W. SIXL in collaboration with P. KVICALA & H. WALTINGER With 18 plates Received September 3th 1972 61 (217) ©Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Dr. Josef NOSEK and Pavol KVICALA: Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, WHO-Reference- Center, Bratislava — CSSR. (Director: Univ.-Prof. Dr. D. BLASCOVIC.) Dr. Wolf SIXL: Institute of Hygiene, University of Graz, Austria. (Director: Univ.-Prof. Dr. J. R. MOSE.) Ing. Hanns WALTINGER: Centrum of Electron-Microscopy, Graz, Austria. (Director: Wirkl. Hofrat Dipl.-Ing. Dr. F. GRASENIK.) This study was supported by the „Jubiläumsfonds der österreichischen Nationalbank" (project-no: 404 and 632). For the authors: Dr. Wolf SIXL, Universität Graz, Hygiene-Institut, Univer- sitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz. 62 (218) ©Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Dedicated to ERICH REISINGER em. ord. Professor of Zoology of the University of Graz and corr. member of the Austrian Academy of Sciences 3* 63 (219) ©Landesmuseum Joanneum Graz, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at Preface The world wide distributed ticks, parasites of man and domestic as well as wild animals, also vectors of many diseases, are of great economic and medical importance. -
Vulpes Vulpes) Attila D
Sándor et al. Parasites & Vectors (2017) 10:173 DOI 10.1186/s13071-017-2113-9 RESEARCH Open Access Mesocarnivores and macroparasites: altitude and land use predict the ticks occurring on red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) Attila D. Sándor*, Gianluca D’Amico, Călin M. Gherman, Mirabela O. Dumitrache, Cristian Domșa and Andrei Daniel Mihalca Abstract Background: The red fox Vulpes vulpes is the most common mesocarnivore in Europe and with a wide geographical distribution and a high density in most terrestrial habitats of the continent. It is fast urbanising species, which can harbor high numbers of different tick species, depending on the region. Here we present the results of a large-scale study, trying to disentangle the intricate relationship between environmental factors and the species composition of ectoparasites in red foxes. The samples were collected in Transylvania (Romania), a region with a diverse geography and high biodiversity. The dead foxes (collected primarily through the National Surveillance Rabies Program) were examined carefully for the presence of ticks. Results: Ticks (n = 4578) were found on 158 foxes (out of 293 examined; 53.9%). Four species were identified: Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes canisuga, I. hexagonus and I. ricinus. The most common tick species was I. hexagonus (mean prevalence 37.5%, mean intensity 32.2), followed by I. ricinus (15.0%; 4.86), I. canisuga (4.8%; 7.71) and D. marginatus (3.7%; 3.45). Co-occurrence of two or more tick species on the same host was relatively common (12.6%), the most common co-occurrence being I. hexagonus - I. ricinus.ForD. marginatus and I. -
Chiang Mai Veterinary Journal 2017; 15(3): 127 -136 127
Chatanun Eamudomkarn, Chiang Mai Veterinary Journal 2017; 15(3): 127 -136 127 เชียงใหม่สัตวแพทยสาร 2560; 15(3): 127-136. DOI: 10.14456/cmvj.2017.12 เชียงใหม่สัตวแพทยสาร Chiang Mai Veterinary Journal ISSN; 1685-9502 (print) 2465-4604 (online) Website; www.vet.cmu.ac.th/cmvj Review Article Tick-borne pathogens and their zoonotic potential for human infection In Thailand Chatanun Eamudomkarn Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Abstract Ticks are one of the important vectors for transmitting various types of pathogens in humans and animals, causing a wide range of diseases. There has been a rise in the emergence of tick-borne diseases in new regions and increased incidence in many endemic areas where they are considered to be a serious public health problem. Recently, evidence of tick-borne pathogens in Thailand has been reported. This review focuses on the types of tick-borne pathogens found in ticks, animals, and humans in Thailand, with emphasis on the zoonotic potential of tick-borne diseases, i.e. their transmission from animals to humans. Further studies and future research approaches on tick-borne pathogens in Thailand are also discussed. Keywords: ticks, tick-borne pathogens, tick-borne diseases, zoonosis *Corresponding author: Chatanun Eamudomkarn Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002. Tel: 6643363246; email: [email protected] Article history; received manuscript: 12 June 2017, accepted manuscript: 22 August 2017, published online: -
Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Ticks Parasitizing Red Foxes (Vulpes Vulpes) in Slovakia and New Data About Subgenus Pholeoixodes Occurrence
Acta Parasitologica https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-020-00184-4 ORIGINAL PAPER Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Ticks Parasitizing Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Slovakia and New Data About Subgenus Pholeoixodes Occurrence Grzegorz Karbowiak1 · Michal Stanko2 · Martina Miterpaková2 · Zuzana Hurníková2 · Bronislava Víchová2 Received: 21 August 2019 / Accepted: 9 December 2019 © The Author(s) 2020 Abstract Background Distribution and biology of Pholeoixodes ticks is not very well understood. The goal of the study was to collect new data on the Pholeoixodes tick occurrence in Slovakia. Methods Tick infestation of red foxes in the regions of Košice, Prešov, Bratislava and Žilina was studied during the period 2017–2018. Ticks were collected from the fur of animals using tweezers and identifed using appropriate keys. In total, 146 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were investigated. Results In total, 39 (26.7%) of animals were found to be infected with ticks from fve species. Pholeoixodes ticks were found on 13 (3.4%) of the foxes: Ixodes hexagonus (Leach, 1815) on 5 specimens (3.4%), in the Košice, Prešov and Žilina regions; I. crenulatus (Koch, 1844) on 8 specimens (5.5%) in the Prešov and Bratislava regions; Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758) collected from 25 (17.2%) foxes in every locality; Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabricius, 1794) from 5 foxes (3.4%) in the Košice, Prešov and Žilina regions; Haemaphysalis concinna (Koch, 1844), from 4 foxes (2.8%) from the Košice region. Conclusions Ixodes hexagonus has been previously recorded in Slovakia. However, this is the frst fnding of I. crenulatus in the country. The morphological features of the I. crenulatus specimens found in Slovakia were identical to those of ticks described in Poland and descriptions given in identifcation keys. -
The Occurrence, Geographical
THE OCCURRENCE, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND WILD VERTEBRATE HOST RELATIONSHIPS OF TICKS (IXODOIDEA) ON LUZON ISLAND, PHILIPPINES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES By DALE W. PARRISH Ir t Bachelor of Science Auburn University Auburn, Alabama 1947 Master of Science University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 1964 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 1971 THE OCCURRENCE, GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND WILD VERTEBRATE HOST RELATIONSHIPS OF TICKS (IXODOIDEA) ON LUZON ISLAND, PHILIPPINES, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THREE NEW SPECIES Thesis Approved: nn~ ii PREFACE It was my privilege, while a member of the United States Ai.r Force Medical Service, to be assigned to Oklahoma State University for the purpose of working toward an advanced degree in entomology. Since the prevention and control of disease vectors in the tropical areas of Southeast Asia where operational Air Force and other United States military personnel are exposed to arthropod-borne diseases is one of the major military entomological problems, a research problem on the little-studied tick fauna of Luzon Island, Republic of the Philippines, was selected. A problem of this type was envisioned when Dr. D. E. Howell, Professor and Head, Department of Entomology, Oklahoma State University, suggested to me in November of 1965 that the Philippines would offer an especially fruitful area for the investigation of cer tain biological and ecological aspects of various arthropods capable of serving as vectors and reservoirs of human tropical diseases. I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere appre ciation to Dr. -
The Health of Hedgehogs in Relation to Tick Infestation and Transmission of Pathogens by the Hedgehog Tick, Ixodes Hexagonus in Vitro
The health of hedgehogs in relation to tick infestation and transmission of pathogens by the hedgehog tick, Ixodes hexagonus in vitro. Khyara van Hummel April 2014 – July 2014 P a g e | 1 The health of hedgehogs in relation to tick infestation and transmission of pathogens by the hedgehog tick, Ixodes hexagonus in vitro. Author: K.M.L.B. van Hummel Location: Utrecht Centre for Tick-borne Diseases (UCTD) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Timeslot: April 2014 – July 2014 Supervisor: Prof. Dr. F. Jongejan The image on the front was taken by the author. P a g e | 2 Index Abstract .............................................................................................................................................5 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................6 Ixodes hexagonus ............................................................................................................................................... 6 In vitro feeding ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Objective of this research ................................................................................................................................... 7 Materials and method ........................................................................................................................8 Questionnaire ....................................................................................................................................................