DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular Analysis of Microbiota Composition and Alterations in Pyropia Yezoensis Infected with Red Rot Disease

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molecular Analysis of Microbiota Composition and Alterations in Pyropia Yezoensis Infected with Red Rot Disease Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences Vol. 47 (03), March 2018, pp. 558-566 Molecular analysis of microbiota composition and alterations in Pyropia yezoensis infected with red rot disease Sohrab Khan1,2, *Yunxiang Mao1,2, Dandan Zou1,2,Sadaf Riaz1,2,Liping Qiu1,2& Na Li1,2 1Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding (MOE), Ocean University of China, China 2College of Marine Life Sciences Ocean University of China, China *[E-mail: [email protected]] Received 14 July 2017; revised 14 August 2017 A variety of microbes resides on the surface of Pyropia yezoensis and the majority of them are unculturable. To identify and explore the different types of microflora present on its surface, we conducted a comparative molecular analysis of Pyropia collected from the three different locations and their subsequent infection with Pythium porphyrae. The samples includes, i.e. healthy Pyropia leaf blades collected from the farm, Pyropia from farm cultured in laboratory for seven days and Pyropia grown in laboratory following artificially infection with P. porphyrae. To investigate the difference in microbial community composition of P. yezoensis, Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform sequencing of the V4-V5 hypervariable region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed. After performing quality-filtering steps, the range of sequenced reads obtained per microbial sample was between 29, 155 to 65, 615 reads, while the total number of OTU’s found were 7,324, which varied between all the samples. The two most abundant phyla found in all the samples were Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Our study results suggest that there is a change in microbiota composition and abundance due to artificially infecting of P. yezoensis with Pythium spores. [Keywords: Microflora, Pyropia yezoensis, Pythium porphyrae, Hypervariable region V4-V5, Microbiota composition] Introduction been designed. Specific information on the China is the largest producer of Pyropia and phylogeny and functional capabilities of the the most important product of Pyropia is its microbiota of Pyropia is very important to mature blades1. Pyropia yezoensis contains a wide improve our understanding regarding the range of microorganisms on its surface are beneficial and deleterious effects of bacteria on its collectively called as its microbiome. The most growth. Due to recent advances in technology, the important among these microorganisms are field of marine microbial ecology has provided a bacteria, some type of fungi and protists that detailed narrative of bacterial community and its inhabit their surfaces2, 3, 4. Pythium porphyrae (Py. function. As an effect, it is obvious now that porphyrae) is a pathogenic marine oomycete that marine atmosphere has an incredible amount of causes the red rot disease in P. yezoensis, which is bacteria12, 13. Many aquatic eukaryotes possess one of the most serious diseases in Porphyrae steady organizations with microbial associates industry and cultivation farms in Japan5. The and depend on them for growth, nutritional process of beginning of the disease is very similar availability and defense against colonization and to that of plants infected with oomycetes by the predation14, 15, 16, 17. The most incredible work in production of zoospores6. The oomycetes, such as the field of microbial ecology in the past decade is the Pythium genus, recently been separated from the introduction of metagenomics18. other fungi and relocated in the Kingdom Metagenomics is the fastest emerging field in Straminipila or Chromista7, 8. Experiments on research based on studying the uncultivable discovering the red rot illness at preliminary level, organisms for better understanding about the including PCR strategy9, polyclonal antibodies diversity of microbes and their functions19. (Pabs)10 and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs)11 has Environmental samples can be served directly KHAN et al.: MICROBIOTA COMPOSITION AND ALTERATIONS IN P. YEZOENSIS 559 without culturing to know about the different for seven days and the lab grown Pyropia microbial diversity. The molecular microbial yezoensis. Pyropia samples to be infected ecology from environment was initiated in 1990, collected from different sites with different with the direct amplification and sequencing of cultural conditions. The P. porphyrae 16SrRNA genes20. This revolutionized the ways (NBRC23353) was bought from the Biological of studying prokaryotes in the environment. Resource Center of Japan, and maintained on Among the earliest reports, 16S rRNA gene cornmeal seawater agar (CMSA)37. Agar discs was being amplified through PCR after total DNA were transferred to the liquid culture medium extraction by using universal primers i.e. 27f and under axenic conditions for 7 days at 24℃ to 21 1492r , which amplifies almost all the 16S rRNA expand mycelia and 10mM CaCl2 added to the genes, that aid in the study of bacteria in a broad seawater to reduce zoospores as discussed in the range of habitat. Moreover, a variety of preceding report38. pathological and opportunistic communications between macroalgae and viruses are also reported Infection of healthy P. yezoensis via oomycetes in the preceding studies22. Culture-independent zoospores techniques have the advantage of detecting the P. yezoensis leaves were infected with diversity of the entire microbial system, including zoospores by mixing spore solution and healthy that of the yet to be cultured microorganisms23, 24, Pyropia leaves, cultured bottles were kept in the 25, 26. shaking incubator at 15oC, under light 12L: 12D Sequence variations in the 16S ribosomal photocycle using florescent light with intensity of, RNA (rRNA) gene is widely used to characterize 80μmol·s-1·m-2. Provasoli’s enriched seawater the taxonomic diversity present in microbial (PES) medium was added 1ml/L according to the communities27, 28, 29. Metagenomics studies are not experimental procedure39. Samples were observed just limited to bacterial sequences, but also shows for the appearance of infection under the that precise, strain level uniformity can be microscope after every hour of incubation. achieved as in the metagenomics sequencing of E. Healthy algal cells of P. yezoensis were also coli30, V. cholera31, methicillin-resistant maintained as a control under the above mentioned Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)32 and conditions for each type of algal sample. The tuberculosis33. The sequence of 16SrRNA is healthy and infected Pyropia cells are depicted in composed of nine hypervariable regions mixed figure.1 and 2 respectively. with conserved regions. The sequence of the 16S rRNA gene and its hypervariable regions has been determined for a large number of organisms, and is available from multiple databases such as Greengenes34 and the Ribosomal Database Project35, 36. For taxonomic classification, it is sufficient to sequence individual hypervariable regions instead of the entire gene length. Present study intended to test the diversity of bacterial microflora communities in response to artificial infection of P. yezoenesis with oomycete zoospores that can also bring changes to its Fig.1-Healthy P. yezoensis cells and Fig.2-infected P. yezoensis cells after artificially infecting it with P. porphyrae microbiome. Furthermore, it was aimed to provide under light microscope using 100X lens. in-depth taxonomic characterization of the microbiome of Pyropia managed from different Sample collection and DNA isolation environments. It was also hypothesized that the In total, 31 samples were collected on 0, 1st, Lab microbial community of Pyropia would vary 3rd, 7th and 15th day of infection i.e. 0.2g of each between the two farming places due to the natural sample after infection of all the three types of P. variations in each system’s atmosphere. yezoensis. The control samples (uninfected algae) were also collected at above mentioned days for Materials and Methods each type of Pyropia. In addition, the large red Culturing of P. yezoensis, P. porphyrae and spot samples were collected separately from oomycetes zoospores production infected leaves and all the samples were kept at - Three types of Pyropia was used in this study 80oC until DNA extraction. Total genomic DNA for experimental purpose that includes Pyropia was extracted and purified by phenol/chloroform from the field, Pyropia from field cultured in lab method as previously described40. 560 INDIAN J. MAR. SCI., VOL. 47, NO. 03, MARCH 2018 PCR amplification of 16S rRNA (9.64%), whereas in farmed samples that were PCR amplification of the 16srRNA was cultured in the laboratory for a week time period, carried out using universal primers 27F the dominant phyla ratio was Proteobacteria (AGAGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG) and 1492R (68%) and Bacteroidetes (28.58%), while, in the GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT41 that targets the laboratory samples the dominant phyla were full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequence to Proteobacteria (92.56%), and confirm the presence of ample microbial Bacteroidetes(5.94%). The farmed Pyropia community DNA and to rule out the presence of samples after infecting with Pythium spores any potential inhibitory compounds. The PCR showed a change in their abundance percentage of amplification program for this confirmatory these two phyla, Proteobacteria (88.12%), and reaction was as follows: denaturation at 94℃ for 5 Bacteroidetes (10.88). Whereas, in farm samples min, followed by 35 cycles of denaturation at 94℃ that were cultured in the laboratory for a week for 30sec, annealing at 55℃ for 40sec and time period, the dominant phyla ratio was elongation
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Tesis Doctoral 2014 Filogenia Y Evolución De Las Poblaciones Ambientales Y Clínicas De Pseudomonas Stutzeri Y Otras Especies
    TESIS DOCTORAL 2014 FILOGENIA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS POBLACIONES AMBIENTALES Y CLÍNICAS DE PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI Y OTRAS ESPECIES RELACIONADAS Claudia A. Scotta Botta TESIS DOCTORAL 2014 Programa de Doctorado de Microbiología Ambiental y Biotecnología FILOGENIA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS POBLACIONES AMBIENTALES Y CLÍNICAS DE PSEUDOMONAS STUTZERI Y OTRAS ESPECIES RELACIONADAS Claudia A. Scotta Botta Director/a: Jorge Lalucat Jo Director/a: Margarita Gomila Ribas Director/a: Antonio Bennasar Figueras Doctor/a por la Universitat de les Illes Balears Index Index ……………………………………………………………………………..... 5 Acknowledgments ………………………………………………………………... 7 Abstract/Resumen/Resum ……………………………………………………….. 9 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………. 15 I.1. The genus Pseudomonas ………………………………………………….. 17 I.2. The species P. stutzeri ………………………………………………......... 23 I.2.1. Definition of the species …………………………………………… 23 I.2.2. Phenotypic properties ………………………………………………. 23 I.2.3. Genomic characterization and phylogeny ………………………….. 24 I.2.4. Polyphasic identification …………………………………………… 25 I.2.5. Natural transformation ……………………………………………... 26 I.2.6. Pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance …………………………….. 26 I.3. Habitats and ecological relevance ………………………………………… 28 I.3.1. Role of mobile genetic elements …………………………………… 28 I.4. Methods for studying Pseudomonas taxonomy …………………………... 29 I.4.1. Biochemical test-based identification ……………………………… 30 I.4.2. Gas Chromatography of Cellular Fatty Acids ................................ 32 I.4.3. Matrix Assisted Laser-Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Genomic Analysis of Three Pseudomonas
    microorganisms Article Comparative Genomic Analysis of Three Pseudomonas Species Isolated from the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Tissues, Mantle Fluid, and the Overlying Estuarine Water Column Ashish Pathak 1, Paul Stothard 2 and Ashvini Chauhan 1,* 1 Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, School of the Environment, 1515 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd., Suite 305B, FSH Science Research Center, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G2P5, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-850-412-5119; Fax: +1-850-561-2248 Abstract: The eastern oysters serve as important keystone species in the United States, especially in the Gulf of Mexico estuarine waters, and at the same time, provide unparalleled economic, ecological, environmental, and cultural services. One ecosystem service that has garnered recent attention is the ability of oysters to sequester impurities and nutrients, such as nitrogen (N), from the estuarine water that feeds them, via their exceptional filtration mechanism coupled with microbially-mediated denitrification processes. It is the oyster-associated microbiomes that essentially provide these myriads of ecological functions, yet not much is known on these microbiota at the genomic scale, especially from warm temperate and tropical water habitats. Among the suite of bacterial genera that appear to interplay with the oyster host species, pseudomonads deserve further assessment because Citation: Pathak, A.; Stothard, P.; of their immense metabolic and ecological potential. To obtain a comprehensive understanding on Chauhan, A. Comparative Genomic this aspect, we previously reported on the isolation and preliminary genomic characterization of Analysis of Three Pseudomonas Species three Pseudomonas species isolated from minced oyster tissue (P.
    [Show full text]
  • Table S5. the Information of the Bacteria Annotated in the Soil Community at Species Level
    Table S5. The information of the bacteria annotated in the soil community at species level No. Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species The number of contigs Abundance(%) 1 Firmicutes Bacilli Bacillales Bacillaceae Bacillus Bacillus cereus 1749 5.145782459 2 Bacteroidetes Cytophagia Cytophagales Hymenobacteraceae Hymenobacter Hymenobacter sedentarius 1538 4.52499338 3 Gemmatimonadetes Gemmatimonadetes Gemmatimonadales Gemmatimonadaceae Gemmatirosa Gemmatirosa kalamazoonesis 1020 3.000970902 4 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas indica 797 2.344876284 5 Firmicutes Bacilli Lactobacillales Streptococcaceae Lactococcus Lactococcus piscium 542 1.594633558 6 Actinobacteria Thermoleophilia Solirubrobacterales Conexibacteraceae Conexibacter Conexibacter woesei 471 1.385742446 7 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas taxi 430 1.265115184 8 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas wittichii 388 1.141545794 9 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas sp. FARSPH 298 0.876754244 10 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sorangium cellulosum 260 0.764953367 11 Proteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria Myxococcales Polyangiaceae Sorangium Sphingomonas sp. Cra20 260 0.764953367 12 Proteobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Sphingomonadales Sphingomonadaceae Sphingomonas Sphingomonas panacis 252 0.741416341
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Composition and Role of the Prokaryotic Diversity in the Potato Rhizosphere for Crop Improvement in the Andes
    Understanding the composition and role of the prokaryotic diversity in the potato rhizosphere for crop improvement in the Andes Jonas Ghyselinck Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (Ph.D.) in Sciences, Biotechnology Promotor - Prof. Dr. Paul De Vos Co-promotor - Dr. Kim Heylen Ghyselinck Jonas – Understanding the composition and role of the prokaryotic diversity in the potato rhizosphere for crop improvement in the Andes Copyright ©2013 Ghyselinck Jonas ISBN-number: 978-94-6197-119-7 No part of this thesis protected by its copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage or retrieval system without written permission of the author and promotors. Printed by University Press | www.universitypress.be Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. This Ph.D. work was financially supported by European Community's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement N° 227522 Publicly defended in Ghent, Belgium, May 28th 2013 EXAMINATION COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. Savvas Savvides (chairman) Faculty of Sciences Ghent University, Belgium Prof. Dr. Paul De Vos (promotor) Faculty of Sciences Ghent University, Belgium Dr. Kim Heylen (co-promotor) Faculty of Sciences Ghent University, Belgium Prof. Dr. Anne Willems Faculty of Sciences Ghent University, Belgium Prof. Dr. Peter Dawyndt Faculty of Sciences Ghent University, Belgium Prof. Dr. Stéphane Declerck Faculty of Biological, Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium Dr. Angela Sessitsch Department of Health and Environment, Bioresources Unit AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Tulln, Austria Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • (Antarctica) Glacial, Basal, and Accretion Ice
    CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANISMS IN VOSTOK (ANTARCTICA) GLACIAL, BASAL, AND ACCRETION ICE Colby J. Gura A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE December 2019 Committee: Scott O. Rogers, Advisor Helen Michaels Paul Morris © 2019 Colby Gura All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Scott O. Rogers, Advisor Chapter 1: Lake Vostok is named for the nearby Vostok Station located at 78°28’S, 106°48’E and at an elevation of 3,488 m. The lake is covered by a glacier that is approximately 4 km thick and comprised of 4 different types of ice: meteoric, basal, type 1 accretion ice, and type 2 accretion ice. Six samples were derived from the glacial, basal, and accretion ice of the 5G ice core (depths of 2,149 m; 3,501 m; 3,520 m; 3,540 m; 3,569 m; and 3,585 m) and prepared through several processes. The RNA and DNA were extracted from ultracentrifugally concentrated meltwater samples. From the extracted RNA, cDNA was synthesized so the samples could be further manipulated. Both the cDNA and the DNA were amplified through polymerase chain reaction. Ion Torrent primers were attached to the DNA and cDNA and then prepared to be sequenced. Following sequencing the sequences were analyzed using BLAST. Python and Biopython were then used to collect more data and organize the data for manual curation and analysis. Chapter 2: As a result of the glacier and its geographic location, Lake Vostok is an extreme and unique environment that is often compared to Jupiter’s ice-covered moon, Europa.
    [Show full text]
  • Pseudomonas Stutzeri Biology Of
    Biology of Pseudomonas stutzeri Jorge Lalucat, Antoni Bennasar, Rafael Bosch, Elena García-Valdés and Norberto J. Palleroni Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2006, 70(2):510. DOI: 10.1128/MMBR.00047-05. Downloaded from Updated information and services can be found at: http://mmbr.asm.org/content/70/2/510 These include: http://mmbr.asm.org/ REFERENCES This article cites 395 articles, 145 of which can be accessed free at: http://mmbr.asm.org/content/70/2/510#ref-list-1 CONTENT ALERTS Receive: RSS Feeds, eTOCs, free email alerts (when new articles cite this article), more» on January 28, 2014 by Red de Bibliotecas del CSIC Information about commercial reprint orders: http://journals.asm.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml To subscribe to to another ASM Journal go to: http://journals.asm.org/site/subscriptions/ MICROBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REVIEWS, June 2006, p. 510–547 Vol. 70, No. 2 1092-2172/06/$08.00ϩ0 doi:10.1128/MMBR.00047-05 Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Biology of Pseudomonas stutzeri Jorge Lalucat,1,2* Antoni Bennasar,1 Rafael Bosch,1 Elena Garcı´a-Valde´s,1,2 and Norberto J. Palleroni3 Departament de Biologia, Microbiologia, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain1; Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avanc¸ats (CSIC-UIB), Campus UIB, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain2; and Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, Cook Campus, 3 New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8520 Downloaded from INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................511
    [Show full text]
  • Culturable Aerobic and Facultative Bacteria from the Gut of the Polyphagic Dung Beetle Thorectes Lusitanicus
    Insect Science (2015) 22, 178–190, DOI 10.1111/1744-7917.12094 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Culturable aerobic and facultative bacteria from the gut of the polyphagic dung beetle Thorectes lusitanicus Noemi Hernandez´ 1,Jose´ A. Escudero1, Alvaro´ San Millan´ 1, Bruno Gonzalez-Zorn´ 1, Jorge M. Lobo2,Jose´ R. Verdu´ 3 and Monica´ Suarez´ 1 1Department Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid, CP 28040, 2Department Biogeograf´ıa y Cambio Global, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, JoseGuti´ errez´ Abascal 2, Madrid 28006, and 3I.U.I. CIBIO (Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad), Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, Alicante 03080, Spain Abstract Unlike other dung beetles, the Iberian geotrupid, Thorectes lusitanicus, exhibits polyphagous behavior; for example, it is able to eat acorns, fungi, fruits, and carrion in addition to the dung of different mammals. This adaptation to digest a wider diet has physiological and developmental advantages and requires key changes in the composition and diversity of the beetle’s gut microbiota. In this study, we isolated aerobic, facultative anaerobic, and aerotolerant microbiota amenable to grow in culture from the gut contents of T. lusitanicus and resolved isolate identity to the species level by sequencing 16S rRNA gene fragments. Using BLAST similarity searches and maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses, we were able to reveal that the analyzed fraction (culturable, aerobic, facultative anaerobic, and aerotolerant) of beetle gut microbiota is dominated by the phyla Pro- teobacteria, Firmicutes,andActinobacteria. Among Proteobacteria, members of the order Enterobacteriales (Gammaproteobacteria) were the most abundant.
    [Show full text]
  • A Survey of Deepwater Horizon (DWH) Oil-Degrading Bacteria from the Eastern Oyster Biome and Its Surrounding Environment
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 09 April 2014 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00149 A survey of deepwater horizon (DWH) oil-degrading bacteria from the Eastern oyster biome and its surrounding environment Jesse C.Thomas IV 1†, Denis Wafula1†, Ashvini Chauhan1*, Stefan J. Green 2,3 , Richard Gragg1 and Charles Jagoe1,4 1 Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, School of the Environment, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA 2 DNA Services Facility, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 4 NOAA Environmental Cooperative Science Center, School of the Environment, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, Tallahassee, FL, USA Edited by: The deepwater horizon (DWH) accident led to the release of an estimated 794,936,474 L Andreas Teske, University of North of crude oil into the northern Gulf of Mexico over an 85 day period in 2010, resulting in Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA the contamination of the Gulf of Mexico waters, sediments, permeable beach sands, Reviewed by: coastal wetlands, and marine life. This study examines the potential response of the TorstenThomas, The University of New South Wales, Australia Eastern oyster’s microbiome to hydrocarbon contamination and compares it with the Xiang Xiao, Shanghai Jiao Tong bacterial community responses observed from the overlaying water column (WC) and University, China the oyster bed sediments. For this purpose, microcosms seeded with DWH crude oil *Correspondence: were established and inoculated separately with oyster tissue (OT), mantle fluid (MF), Ashvini Chauhan, Environmental overlaying WC, and sediments (S) collected from Apalachicola Bay, FL, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • Antibiotic Resistant Pseudomonas Spp. Spoilers in Fresh Dairy Products: an Underestimated Risk and the Control Strategies
    foods Review Antibiotic Resistant Pseudomonas Spp. Spoilers in Fresh Dairy Products: An Underestimated Risk and the Control Strategies Laura Quintieri , Francesca Fanelli * and Leonardo Caputo Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council of Italy, Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-0805929317 Received: 19 July 2019; Accepted: 23 August 2019; Published: 1 September 2019 Abstract: Microbial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a growing threat to public health mostly because it makes the fight against microorganisms that cause lethal infections ever less effective. Thus, the surveillance on MDR microorganisms has recently been strengthened, taking into account the control of antibiotic abuse as well as the mechanisms underlying the transfer of antibiotic genes (ARGs) among microbiota naturally occurring in the environment. Indeed, ARGs are not only confined to pathogenic bacteria, whose diffusion in the clinical field has aroused serious concerns, but are widespread in saprophytic bacterial communities such as those dominating the food industry. In particular, fresh dairy products can be considered a reservoir of Pseudomonas spp. resistome, potentially transmittable to consumers. Milk and fresh dairy cheeses products represent one of a few “hubs” where commensal or opportunistic pseudomonads frequently cohabit together with food microbiota and hazard pathogens even across their manufacturing processes. Pseudomonas spp., widely studied for food spoilage effects, are instead underestimated for their possible impact on human health. Recent evidences have highlighted that non-pathogenic pseudomonads strains (P. fluorescens, P. putida) are associated with some human diseases, but are still poorly considered in comparison to the pathogen P. aeruginosa.
    [Show full text]
  • Aquatic Microbial Ecology 80:15
    The following supplement accompanies the article Isolates as models to study bacterial ecophysiology and biogeochemistry Åke Hagström*, Farooq Azam, Carlo Berg, Ulla Li Zweifel *Corresponding author: [email protected] Aquatic Microbial Ecology 80: 15–27 (2017) Supplementary Materials & Methods The bacteria characterized in this study were collected from sites at three different sea areas; the Northern Baltic Sea (63°30’N, 19°48’E), Northwest Mediterranean Sea (43°41'N, 7°19'E) and Southern California Bight (32°53'N, 117°15'W). Seawater was spread onto Zobell agar plates or marine agar plates (DIFCO) and incubated at in situ temperature. Colonies were picked and plate- purified before being frozen in liquid medium with 20% glycerol. The collection represents aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from pelagic waters. Bacteria were grown in media according to their physiological needs of salinity. Isolates from the Baltic Sea were grown on Zobell media (ZoBELL, 1941) (800 ml filtered seawater from the Baltic, 200 ml Milli-Q water, 5g Bacto-peptone, 1g Bacto-yeast extract). Isolates from the Mediterranean Sea and the Southern California Bight were grown on marine agar or marine broth (DIFCO laboratories). The optimal temperature for growth was determined by growing each isolate in 4ml of appropriate media at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50o C with gentle shaking. Growth was measured by an increase in absorbance at 550nm. Statistical analyses The influence of temperature, geographical origin and taxonomic affiliation on growth rates was assessed by a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in R (http://www.r-project.org/) and the “car” package.
    [Show full text]
  • Control of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms with Pseudomonas Sp. and Substances and Compositions Derived Therefrom
    (19) TZZ Z_Z_T (11) EP 2 820 140 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.: of the grant of the patent: A01N 63/02 (2006.01) A01N 37/06 (2006.01) 10.01.2018 Bulletin 2018/02 A01N 37/36 (2006.01) A01N 43/08 (2006.01) C12P 1/04 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 13754767.5 (86) International application number: (22) Date of filing: 27.02.2013 PCT/US2013/028112 (87) International publication number: WO 2013/130680 (06.09.2013 Gazette 2013/36) (54) CONTROL OF PHYTOPATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS WITH PSEUDOMONAS SP. AND SUBSTANCES AND COMPOSITIONS DERIVED THEREFROM BEKÄMPFUNG VON PHYTOPATHOGENEN MIKROORGANISMEN MIT PSEUDOMONAS SP. SOWIE DARAUS HERGESTELLTE SUBSTANZEN UND ZUSAMMENSETZUNGEN RÉGULATION DE MICRO-ORGANISMES PHYTOPATHOGÈNES PAR PSEUDOMONAS SP. ET DES SUBSTANCES ET DES COMPOSITIONS OBTENUES À PARTIR DE CELLE-CI (84) Designated Contracting States: • O. COUILLEROT ET AL: "Pseudomonas AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB fluorescens and closely-related fluorescent GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO pseudomonads as biocontrol agents of PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR soil-borne phytopathogens", LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 48, no. 5, 1 May (30) Priority: 28.02.2012 US 201261604507 P 2009 (2009-05-01), pages 505-512, XP55202836, 30.07.2012 US 201261670624 P ISSN: 0266-8254, DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2009.02566.x (43) Date of publication of application: • GUANPENG GAO ET AL: "Effect of Biocontrol 07.01.2015 Bulletin 2015/02 Agent Pseudomonas fluorescens 2P24 on Soil Fungal Community in Cucumber Rhizosphere (73) Proprietor: Marrone Bio Innovations, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenomic Analyses of the Genus Pseudomonas Lead to the Rearrangement of Several Species and the Definition of New Genera
    biology Article Phylogenomic Analyses of the Genus Pseudomonas Lead to the Rearrangement of Several Species and the Definition of New Genera Zaki Saati-Santamaría 1,2,* , Ezequiel Peral-Aranega 1,2 , Encarna Velázquez 1,2,3, Raúl Rivas 1,2,3 and Paula García-Fraile 1,2,3 1 Microbiology and Genetics Department, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; [email protected] (E.P.-A.); [email protected] (E.V.); [email protected] (R.R.); [email protected] (P.G.-F.) 2 Institute for Agribiotechnology Research (CIALE), 37185 Salamanca, Spain 3 Associated Research Unit of Plant-Microorganism Interaction, University of Salamanca-IRNASA-CSIC, 37008 Salamanca, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected] Simple Summary: Pseudomonas represents a very important bacterial genus that inhabits many environments and plays either prejudicial or beneficial roles for higher hosts. However, there are many Pseudomonas species which are too divergent to the rest of the genus. This may interfere in the correct development of biological and ecological studies in which Pseudomonas are involved. Thus, we aimed to study the correct taxonomic placement of Pseudomonas species. Based on the study of their genomes and some evolutionary-based methodologies, we suggest the description of three new genera (Denitrificimonas, Parapseudomonas and Neopseudomonas) and many reclassifications of species Citation: Saati-Santamaría, Z.; previously included in Pseudomonas. Peral-Aranega, E.; Velázquez, E.; Rivas, R.; García-Fraile, P. Abstract: Pseudomonas is a large and diverse genus broadly distributed in nature. Its species play Phylogenomic Analyses of the Genus relevant roles in the biology of earth and living beings. Because of its ubiquity, the number of new Pseudomonas Lead to the species is continuously increasing although its taxonomic organization remains quite difficult to Rearrangement of Several Species and unravel.
    [Show full text]