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MELO Seconda Parte.Pdf Famiglia pomologica Red Delicious Hi-early Top Red Red King Cloni standard Edenspur Red Delicious Morspur Red Cloni Spur Red Chief Starkrimson Rubyspur Redspur prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 1 Oregon spur Fuji Giapponese, di recente introduzione in Europa Pianta molto vigorosa adatta alle forme libere, con buona produzione e precoce entrata in produzione Frutto di forma cilindrica, a polpa croccante, soda molto zuccherina e profumata Buccia rosso-rosato Molto produttiva, necessita del diradamento Raccolta II decade di ottobre prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 2 Famiglia pomologica Fuji Fuji kiku 8 Fuji Fuji naga-fu 12 prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 3 Jonagold Varietà originata nel 1943 negli Stati Uniti, da un incrocio di Golden Delicious e Jonathan Diffusa in Europa dalla fine degli anni sessanta, è oggi una delle varietà più conosciute e apprezzate specialmente nel centro e nord Europa Frutto grosso, rotondo, presenta una colorazione di fondo verde- gialla e copertura di rosso carminio. Buccia liscia, leggermente cerosa Delicatamente croccante e con la polpa color crema, presenta un ottimo aroma dolce aromatico prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 4 Famiglia pomologica Jonagold Renetta del Canada Jonagold Querina Novajo prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 5 Pink Lady Nata da un'incrocio tra Williams e Golden Delicious, Cripps Pink è stata creata alla stazione di ricerche di Stoneville (Australia occidentale) nel 1973. E' presente sui mercati solo con il nome Pink Lady ®, che è il marchio commerciale della varietà. La forma del frutto è da oblunga a cilindrica ed omogenea. Il frutto è bicolore; il colore rosso-roseo è caratteristico della varietà. La tessitura è croccante e succosa. Il sapore è acidulo e profumato. Di pezzatura medio grossa maturazione molto tardiva (fine ottobre) prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 6 Granny Smith Semenzale di “French Crab” Buccia ceroso-untuosa, verde anche a maturazione, grosse lenticelle, polpa soda, succosa, acidula aromatica Sensibili all’oidio Resistente alle manipolazioni Matura II-III decade di ottobre prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 7 Annurca Diffusa in Campania dove rappresenta il 35% della produzione totale Frutti piccoli buccia giallo-verde striata di rosso Polpa succosa, dolce Pianta rustica, vigorosa, alternante I frutti dopo la raccolta devono rimanere in campo per assumere una buona colorazione (colorazione sulla paglia) prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 8 Florina Ottenuta nel 1977 in Fancia Albero vigoroso, molto produttivo, resistente ad attacchi di afidi e acari Resistente alla ticchiolatura e oidio Colore rosso rosato su fondo giallo chiaro Matura II decade di ottobre prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 9 Braeburn Scarso vigore, si adatta bene ad impianti ad alta densità Frutto di forma arrotondata, talvolta appiattita Buccia brillante bicolore rossa fu fondo verde Polpa soda, croccante, agro -dolce Ottima resistenza alla frigoconservazione Molto produttiva, necessita del diradamento Raccolta I decade di ottobre prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 10 Stayman Red Pianta vigorosa, triploide, cattiva impollinatrice Lenta messa a frutto Produce un frutto molto richiesto da certi mercati Soggetta allo “spacco” in prossimità della raccolta prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 11 Famiglia pomologica Stayman Staymared Stayman Superstayman Stayman winesap Lb 781 prof. R. Andrei - I.T.A.S- Treviglio 12 Scelta della cultivar I criteri di scelta sono molteplici: Gusti del consumatore: - buona pezzatura (70 mm di diametro) colore intenso - ottimi caratteri organolettici: polpa succosa, croccante e non farinosa, zuccherina - assenza di ruggine, danni da sole, malattie Frutticoltore - cv ben remunerate - produttive e non alternanti Epoca di maturazione: - si preferiscono cultivar a maturazione autunnale - problemi di mercato per le cultivar estive Le liste varietali Le cultivar dei fruttiferi possono essere distinte in tre gruppi Cultivar di interesse generale (lista A) notevole standard produttivo appartengono a tutti i gruppi pomologici Cultivar di interesse particolare (lista B) standard produttivi elevati solo in alcuni ambienti pedoclimatici Cultivar promettenti (lista C) standard qualitativi elevati solo in alcuni ambienti pedoclimatici Necessitano di un ulteriore periodo di sperimentazione Portinnesti del Melo Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 15 Propagazione del melo Propagazione gamica (per seme): ottenimento dei franchi miglioramento genetico Propagazione vegetativa (margotta di ceppaia, talea, micropropagazione) ottenimento di portinnesti clonali Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 16 cv autoradicate Le cv autoradicate di melo, a differenza di quelle di pero, non hanno fornito risultati accettabili: sono più vigorose di quelle innestate, con ritardo di fioritura e messa a frutto e si perde il carattere spur Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 17 Portinnesti del melo Sono ascrivibili a due gruppi: Franco Portinnesti clonali Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 18 Franco E’ un portinnesto che deriva da seme. Pro Buon adattamento a tutti i tipi di terreno Buona resistenza all’umidità Elevata produttività anche se incostante Resistenza ai nematodi Assenza di virosi (non si trasmettono per seme) Contro Notevole vigoria Tardiva entrata in produzione Suscettibile a Phytophthora Cactorum e Eriosoma lanigerum Elevata eterogeneità del materiale Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 19 Franco I semenzali impiegati Malus communis : Red Delicious Golden Delicious Mac Intosh Rome Beauty Antonovka Altre specie appartenti al genere Malus Spp Siberian ( Malus Baccata ) Malus Sargentii Malus Toringoides Malus Hupehensis Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 20 Semenzali di Franco Golden Delicious Red Delicious Mac Intosh Rome Beauty Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 21 Portainnesti clonali Sono stati ottenuti per selezione del “Dolcino” e del “Paradiso” Sono stati descritti per la prima volta nel XIV sec. ma solo nel 1917 Hatton li classifica in modo rigido nelle due sottospecie Oggi sono classificati in diverse serie in base all’istituto agronomico che li ha brevettati Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 22 Dolcino Malus Pumila Preacox Gallica Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 23 Paradiso Malus Pumila Paradisiaca Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 24 Serie di portainnesti clonali East Malling (M) Mallin Merton (MM) EMLA Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 25 Serie M (East Malling ) Selezionati presso la stazione di East Malling Vengono indicati con la lettera M seguita da un numero arabo (M 27, M 9, M 26… ) La vigoria dei singoli portinnesti è molto relativa e pesantemente influenzata dalle caratteristiche pedoclimatiche Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 26 I soggetti della serie M I più importanti soggetti della serie M sono: Deboli M 9 (Paradiso Giallo di Metz) M 26 M 27 Vigorosi (simili al franco) M 11 (selezione di Dolcino) M 25 (Northen Spy x M 2) Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 27 M 27 (M 13 x M 9) Apparato radicale scarso e superficiale, richiede sostegno Adatto a terreni fertili, fertilizzazioni localizzate e frequenti irrigazioni Elevata efficienza produttiva, precoce entrata in produzione Vigoria minore di M 9 Adatto agli impianti ad alta densità Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 28 M 9 (Paradiso Giallo di Metz) Le piante innestate su M 9 presentano: sviluppo ridotto (necessitano di tutori) Rapida entrata in produzione (II anno) Frutti di ottima pezzatura e buona colorazione Adatto a terreni ben dotati di elementi nutritivi Sensibile a Eriosoma Lanigerum e Agrobacterium Tumefaciens Resistente alla Fitoftora Poca reistenza al freddo Scarsa resistenza al freddo Disaffinità ( ≠incompatibilità) di innesto con la maggior parte delle cv la disaffinità si manifesta con un ingrossamento del punto di innesto Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 29 M 26 (M 13 x M 9) Apparato radicale più robusto ed espanso del M 9 (necessità comunque di tutori) Caratteristiche analoghe a M 9 ma maggiore vigoria Non ha attitudine pollonifera Induce un leggero ritardo nel germogliamento delle gemme Sensibile alla Phithopora Disaffinità con la maggior parte delle cv che si manifesta con l’ingrossamento del punto di innesto Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 30 M25 Più vigoroso di M106 e più resistente alla siccità Apparato radicale ampio e pofondo che ben si adatta ai terreni siccitosi, non irrigui e calcarei Indicato per Golden Delicius, nei terreni difficili e scarsamente fertili Vigoria dei portinnesti “M” 6m 5m 4m 3m 2m Franco M 27M 9 M 26Portinnesti Melo M (c)25 2004 M 106 32 Serie MM ( Merton Malling ) Selezionati presso John Innes Horticolture Institute di Merton Portinnesti media vigoria resistenti all’ Eriosoma Lanigerum La resistenza all’ E.Lanigerium è stata ottenuta ricorrendo ad incrocio con il clone “ Northern Spy ” Sono indicati con la sigla MM seguita da un numero arabo da 101 a 115 Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 33 MM 106 (Northern Spy x M 1) Il portinnesto più diffuso in Italia Medio vigore Apparato radicale sviluppato, ottimo ancoraggio Predilige terreni freschi e fertili e ben drenati Poco resistente ai marciumi radicali e alla Fitoftora (Marciume del colletto) e Afide Lanigero Sensibile al freddo invernale Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 34 MM 109 (M 2 x Northern Spy) Elevata vigoria (simile al franco) Ampio apparato radicale Rapida entrata in produzione Resistente Fitoftora e Afide Lanigero Sensibile all’oidio Portinnesti Melo (c) 2004 35 MM 111 [(Northern Spy x M 793) x (Northern Spy x M 2)] Pianta vigorosa Precoce entrata in produzione Elevata resistenza all’umidità Adattabilità
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