Kainuun Perinnemaisemakartoituksen Täydentäminen 2002 Ja 2003 Kainuun Perinnemaisemakartoituksen Täydentäminen 2002 Ja 2003

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Kainuun Perinnemaisemakartoituksen Täydentäminen 2002 Ja 2003 Kainuun Perinnemaisemakartoituksen Täydentäminen 2002 Ja 2003 Kainuun ympäristökeskuksen moniste 15 Hanna Seitapuro 15 Kainuun perinnemaisemakartoituksen täydentäminen 2002 ja 2003 Kainuun perinnemaisemakartoituksen täydentäminen 2002 ja 2003 KAINUUN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS ....................................................... KAINUUN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS Monistesarja 15 Hanna Seitapuro Kainuun perinnemaisemakartoituksen täydentäminen 2002 ja 2003 KAJAANI 2005 . .......................... KAINUUN YMPÄRISTÖKESKUS ISSN 1456-9507 ISBN 952-11-2055-X (PDF) Valokuvat: Hanna Seitapuro Kartat: Aune Haverinen Tekstin taitto: Irma Tolonen Paino: Kajaanin Kirjapaino Oy 2005 2 ................................. Kainuun perinnemaisemakartoituksen täydentäminen 2002 ja 2003, numero 15 Sisällys 1 Johdanto ........................................................................................5 2 Perinnemaisemien kartoitus .........................................................6 2.1 Menetelmät ja työn toteutus .............................................................................. 6 2.2 Kohteiden arvo ..................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Kartoituksen kattavuus ....................................................................................... 7 3 Perinnebiotooppien hoidon neuvonta ja suunnittelu ....................8 4 Perinnebiotooppien nykytila .........................................................9 4.1 Kedot ..................................................................................................................... 11 4.2 Tuoreet ja kosteat niityt ..................................................................................... 11 4.3 Ranta-, suo- ja tulvaniityt ................................................................................. 13 4.4 Hakamaat ............................................................................................................. 14 4.5 Metsälaitumet ..................................................................................................... 15 5 Uhanalaiset ja huomionarvoiset kasvilajit ...................................16 6 Maisema-alueilla ja kulttuurihistoriallisesti arvokkailla paikoilla sijaitsevat kohteet ..........................................................................18 7 Arvokkaat perinnemaisemat .......................................................19 1 HYRYNSALMI, Karsikon niitty ......................................................................... 20 2 KAJAANI, Majakosken haka .............................................................................. 21 3 KUHMO, Lapion haka ......................................................................................... 22 4 PALTAMO, Kivesjärvi, Selkälän rantaniityt.................................................... 23 5 PALTAMO, Hepoharjun laidun.......................................................................... 24 6 PALTAMO, Kivesjärvi, Leppiniemen tila ........................................................ 26 7 PALTAMO, Mieslahti, Pääkkölän haka ............................................................ 26 8 PALTAMO, Selkäniemen rantahaat .................................................................. 27 9 PUOLANKA, Näljänkäjoen tulvaniityt ............................................................ 28 10 PUOLANKA, Mikkolan rölliniitty .................................................................. 30 11 RISTIJÄRVI, Karppalan niitty ......................................................................... 31 12 RISTIJÄRVI, Hautalan laitumet ...................................................................... 32 13 SOTKAMO, Puhakan laitumet ......................................................................... 34 14 SOTKAMO, Lehdon laidun .............................................................................. 36 15 SOTKAMO, Uuden Kaura-ahon laidun ......................................................... 37 16 SOTKAMO, Kosken metsälaidun .................................................................... 38 17 SOTKAMO, Kurikan metsälaidun .................................................................. 39 18 SOTKAMO, Lakkiniemen laidun.................................................................... 40 19 SOTKAMO, Mikkolan lepikkohaka ............................................................... 41 20 SOTKAMO, Naapurinvaara, Naapurinvaaran niitty ................................... 41 21 SOTKAMO, Torinkylän Tuomelan niitty ja haka ......................................... 42 22 SOTKAMO, Hiekkalan laitumet ..................................................................... 43 23 SOTKAMO, Kalmomäki, Heikkilän laidun .................................................. 44 24 SOTKAMO, Papinmäen metsälaidun ............................................................. 44 25 SOTKAMO, Rantolan metsälaidun ................................................................. 45 26 SOTKAMO, Vaarankylä, Kapakan rantahaka ............................................... 46 27 SOTKAMO, Vaarankylä, Kapakan vaarahaka ............................................... 46 Kainuun perinnemaisemakartoituksen täydentäminen 2002 ja 2003, numero 15 ................................. 3 28 SOTKAMO, Ylitalon niitty ............................................................................... 47 29 SOTKAMO, Karjalan niitty............................................................................... 48 30 SOTKAMO, Kankaankylä, Mäki-Tervolan metsälaidun ............................ 48 31 SOTKAMO, Naapurinvaara, Naapurin metsälaidun .................................. 49 32 SOTKAMO, Punganpuron niitty ..................................................................... 49 33 SOTKAMO, Rinteelän hevoshaat .................................................................... 50 34 SOTKAMO, Särkkälän metsälaidun ............................................................... 51 35 SUOMUSSALMI, Salonsaaren niitty ............................................................. 52 36 SUOMUSSALMI, Honkalan metsälaitumet.................................................. 53 37 SUOMUSSALMI, Kaivosuon kannas ............................................................. 53 38 SUOMUSSALMI, Paukuttajan metsälaidun ................................................. 54 39 VAALA, Iso-Askolan niitty ............................................................................... 55 40 VAALA, Jokimutkan laidun .............................................................................. 56 41 VAALA, Linnalan rantalaidun .......................................................................... 56 Kirjallisuus ......................................................................................58 Kuvailulehti.....................................................................................59 4 ................................. Kainuun perinnemaisemakartoituksen täydentäminen 2002 ja 2003, numero 15 Johdanto ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○○ 1 Perinnebiotoopit ovat niitto- ja laiduntalouden luomia alueita, kuten avoimia niit- tyjä ja puustoisia hakamaita ja metsälaitumia. Perinnemaisema on perinnebiotoop- pia laajempi käsite, johon sisältyvät myös perinteisten maankäyttötapojen muo- vaamat maisemat ja rakennettu ympäristö. Kainuussa perinnemaisemat ovat muo- vautuneet alueelle 1500-luvulta lähtien levinneen talonpoikaiskulttuurin myötä. Kainuun maatalous perustui suurelta osin kaskiviljelyyn 1800-luvun loppu- puolelle saakka. Kaskenpoltossa syntyneiltä kaskialoilta saatiin satoa muutaman vuoden ajan, jonka jälkeen karja päästettiin alueille laiduntamaan. Kaskiaho tarjo- si karjalle ravintoa useita vuosia, mutta kasvoi vähitellen umpeen. Valtion kieltäes- sä laajoja maa-alueita vaativan kaskiviljelyn maillaan kaskenpoltto tyrehtyi vähi- tellen 1800-luvun loppuun mennessä. 1900-luvun alusta alkaen peltojen määrä ti- loilla kasvoi ja karjatalouden merkitys korostui. Koska karjan perinteistä laidun- nusta 'väljänmetässä' rajoitettiin tai se jopa kiellettiin kokonaan, entisiä kaskiahoja ja tilakeskusten lähistöllä olevia hakamaita ja metsälaitumia alettiin aidata karjan laitumiksi. Talvirehu niitettiin luonnonniityiltä. Heinäpeltojen ja laidunnurmien määrän lisääntyessä luonnonlaitumien merkitys väheni ja niiden määrä on laske- nut romahdusmaisesti etenkin 1950-luvun jälkeen. Perinnemaisemien määrän romahtamiseen havahduttiin Suomessa vasta 1990- luvun alussa, jolloin entisistä luonnonlaidunalueista oli jäljellä enää rippeitä. Ym- päristöministeriön asettama maisema-aluetyöryhmä totesi mietinnössään 1992, että Suomen perinnemaisemien määrä ja tila on syytä selvittää. Vielä samana vuonna aloitettiin ympäristöministeriön rahoituksella koko maan kattava perinnemaise- mien inventointi. Kainuussa inventointityö aloitettiin jo vuonna 1991 ja se päättyi 1997. Jotta vanhojen luonnonlaitumien käyttöönottoa voitaisiin lisätä, käynnistyi Kainuussa ja Pohjois-Savossa osittain EU-rahoitteinen Perinnemaisemien hoidon kehittämishanke 1.3.2002-31.10.2003. Hankkeen yhteydessä inventoitiin perinne- biotooppeja, jotka aiemmin olivat jääneet inventoinnin ulkopuolelle. Tähän ra- porttiin on koottu vuosina 2002 ja 2003 tehtyjen inventointien tulokset. Raportti on tarkoitettu viljelijöille, hoitosuunnitelmien tekijöille ja viranomaisille. Perin- nebiotooppien parissa työtä tekevät saavat ajankohtaista tietoa inventointien tu- loksista. Toivottavasti raportista on iloa myös kaikille niille, jotka ovat kiinnostu- neita perinteisen maankäytön luomista kauniista ympäristöistä ja niiden moni- muotoisesta, osin
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