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KITTITAS COUNTY PROFILE JUNE 1998 Labor Market and Economic

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KITTITAS COUNTY PROFILE JUNE 1998 Labor Market and Economic KITTITAS COUNTY PROFILE Acknowledgements: JUNE 1998 Phoenix Economic Development Group Labor Market and Economic Analysis Branch Ellensburg Business Development Authority Employment Security Department P.O. Box 598 Ellensburg, WA 98926-0598 This report has been prepared in accordance with (509) 962-7244 RCW 50.38.050. Fax: (509) 962-7141 E-mail: [email protected] Carver Gayton, Commissioner Washington State Employment Security Department Kittitas-Yakima Resource Conservation and Economic Development District (Ki-Yak) Gary Bodeutsch, Director Kittitas County Courthouse Labor Market and Economic Analysis Branch 205 West 5th Avenue P.O. Box 9046 Ellensburg, WA 98926 Mail Stop 6000 (509) 962-7536 Olympia, WA 98507-9046 Fax: (509) 962-7075 (360) 438-4800 E-mail: [email protected] Prepared by Jay Barrier, Economic Analyst Ellensburg Job Service Center and Rev Froyalde, Research Analyst 607 E. Mountain View Layout by Bonnie Dalebout, Editorial Assistant P.O. Box 38 Ellensburg, WA 98926 (509) 925-6166 Scott Bailey Washington State Employment Security Department Regional Labor Economist 5411 East Mill Plain, Suite B3 Vancouver, WA 98661 (360) 735-5043 Price $4.50 plus 8.0% sales tax for Washington residents TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................... 1 Manufacturing GEOGRAPHY .......................................... 2 Transportation, Communications, and ECONOMIC HISTORY .............................3 Utilities (TCU) POPULATION .......................................... 6 Trade Trends Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate (FIRE) Towns and Cities Services Age Groups Government Demographics Industry Projections CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE ......................... 9 OCCUPATIONAL PROFILE ..................... 24 Trends INCOME ............................................... 27 Demographics Personal Income UNEMPLOYMENT ................................. 11 Components of Personal Income Trends Earned Income Demographics Transfer Payments Unemployment Insurance Claims Dividends, Interest, and Rent INDUSTRIES, EMPLOYMENT, JOB TRAINING AND AND WAGES.......................................... 14 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ................. 31 Employment Trends Job Training Location Quotients Economic Development Average Annual Wage SUMMARY ............................................33 Agriculture APPENDIX - Kittitas County Selected Economic Data......................A-1 Construction INTRODUCTION This report profiles the labor and economic charac- l physical geography, economic history, and teristics of Kittitas County. It was prepared by the Labor demographics Market and Economic Analysis (LMEA) Branch of the l labor force composition and trends Washington State Employment Security Department and l industries, employment, and earnings is one in a series that profiles labor market and eco- l skills and occupations nomic conditions in each of Washington’s 39 counties. l economic development and job training The profile is designed to assist state and local plan- Much of the information in this report is regularly ners in developing local economic strategies. It is also an updated on the LMEA Internet homepage. The homepage effective tool for answering labor market and economic contains current and historical labor market informa- questions frequently asked about the county. Readers with tion and can be accessed by area or by type of informa- specific information needs should refer to the Table of tion. The site address is: Contents or to the data appendix to more quickly access http://www.wa.gov/esd/lmea those sections of particular interest to them. Any inquiries or comments about information in the Like the earlier Kittitas County Profile of September profile should be directed to the Labor Market and Eco- 1994, the purpose of this report is to provide a compre- nomic Analysis Branch. hensive labor market and economic analysis of Kittitas County. Characteristics profiled include the following: Kittitas County Profile - 1 GEOGRAPHY Kittitas County is located east of the Cascade Range in and snow-melt out of the Cascades and into the Kittitas the geographical center of the state. It is bounded to the Valley. The Cooper and Waptus rivers feed into the Cle north by Chelan County, to the south by Yakima County, Elum River while the North, West, and Middle forks and to the west by Grant County. The Pacific Crest Trail, feed into the Teanaway River. Descending out of the high in the Cascade Range, forms its boundary to the mountains, the Cle Elum and Teanaway rivers then feed east with King County. into the Yakima River which flows across the remain- Comprising a geographic area of 2,308 square miles, ing expanse of the county (including Ellensburg) be- Kittitas County ranks eighth in size among Washington fore winding south into Yakima County. counties. As such, it accounts for almost 3.5 percent of Extending from the Cascade Range are the Wenatchee the state’s total land mass. Mountains, which run the length of the county’s north- The topography of Kittitas County is fairly straight- ern border. From these mountains run the Naneum and forward. As part of the southern extension of the Caribou creeks, both of which eventually join the Yakima Wenatchee National Forest, the terrain in the county’s River south of Ellensburg. And to the south, the Saddle northwest corner is rugged and heavily forested wil- Mountains and the Manastash and Umtanum ridges form derness. However, at higher elevations, one also dis- a physical barrier that runs east and west to form the covers a series of major rivers carrying precipitation county’s southern border with Yakima County. Kittitas County Profile - 2 ECONOMIC HISTORY To this day, there exist numerous explanations as to tribes and white explorers and traders. As early as 1861, the origin and derivation of Kittitas County’s name. The white ranchers from the Yakima Valley grazed their cattle term “Kittitas” has been said to mean everything from in the Kittitas Valley before continuing on to booming white chalk to shale rock to shoal people to land of plenty. mine districts in the north-central region and British Most anthropologists and historians concede that each Columbia. The mining towns eventually began raising interpretation has some validity depending upon the par- their own cattle, but Puget Sound demand filled the ticular dialect spoken. vacuum (the cattle were herded to the sound through Whatever the case, the county was organized in No- Snoqualmie or Naches Pass). vember of 1883 by the Washington Territorial Legisla- By the late 1860s, cattle ranchers established land ture and signed into law by Territorial Governor W.A. claims in Kittitas itself. Over the next ten years, espe- Newell. It was partitioned from what was then the north- cially in the late 1870s, new ranches flourished and large ern part of Yakima County. herds of cattle (though not all local) grazed everywhere. Though fragmented, evidence of Native American in- The resulting over production led to declining beef habitants in Kittitas Valley dates far back. It is known for prices. Prices, however, rose to earlier levels after the certain that as early as the 1700s, the Psch-wan-wap- severe winter of 1880-81 killed more than half the cattle. pams—early forerunners of the contemporary Yakama Although cattle herds eventually returned to early levels, Nation—occupied the entire stretch of land along the overgrazing was beginning to take its toll on the range. Yakima River, including the Kittitas Valley. The Indians As a result, the federal government began to regulate who inhabited the valley were known as the Kittitas or grazing in 1897. This led to a gradual shift from open Upper Yakama Indians, both being part of the larger grazing to fenced pastures and hay feeding (the ravag- Yakama Nation. ing effects of the 1889-90 winter laid to rest whatever During the spring, the Kittitas Valley was one of only a protests there were to the shift). handful of valleys in the state where tribes could dig for Two events—better rail transportation around the roots such as camas (also known as kamas or quamash) turn of the century and irrigation projects in the 1930s— and kouse, both of which were staples in the Indian diet. helped expand the county’s cattle industry. The railroads For this reason, the Kittitas Valley was a traditional gath- provided more effective transport of cattle to the nation’s ering place for tribes east of the Cascades. During the eastern markets. Irrigation projects enhanced the qual- fall, local tribes supplemented their diet by gathering ity of pastures and spurred the growth of row crops, wild berries, as well as hunting and fishing. whose by-products were converted into inexpensive cattle With the advent of white settlement, the once formi- feed. By the 1960s, the number of Kittitas County cattle dable Native American tribes of the Kittitas Valley were dis- had more than doubled to approximately 70,000. How- located and began to disperse. The tribes initially relocated ever, price controls and rising feed costs in the early to both the Yakima Valley and lower valleys. Eventually, 1970s prompted many ranchers to change from cattle they were moved onto the Yakama Indian Reservation. to hay and grain production. By the early 1860s, the first white settlers began ar- The early pioneers who began farming did so prima- riving in the Kittitas Valley. They brought with them the rily to sustain their families. Among the first crops they seeds of many fledgling industries. These included live- planted were grains such
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