DOCSLIB.ORG

Sports Drug Testing and Toxicology TOP ARTICLES SUPPLEMENT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sports Drug Testing and Toxicology TOP ARTICLES SUPPLEMENT Powered by Sports drug testing and toxicology TOP ARTICLES SUPPLEMENT CONTENTS REVIEW: Applications and challenges in using LC–MS/MS assays for quantitative doping analysis Bioanalysis Vol. 8 Issue 12 REVIEW: Current status and recent advantages in derivatization procedures in human doping control Bioanalysis Vol. 7 Issue 19 REVIEW: Advances in the detection of designer steroids in anti-doping Bioanalysis Vol. 6 Issue 6 Review For reprint orders, please contact [email protected] 8 Review 2016/05/28 Applications and challenges in using LC–MS/MS assays for quantitative doping analysis Bioanalysis LC–MS/MS is useful for qualitative and quantitative analysis of ‘doped’ biological Zhanliang Wang‡,1, samples from athletes. LC–MS/MS-based assays at low-mass resolution allow fast Jianghai Lu*,‡,2, and sensitive screening and quantification of targeted analytes that are based on Yinong Zhang1, Ye Tian2, 2 ,2 preselected diagnostic precursor–product ion pairs. Whereas LC coupled with high- Hong Yuan & Youxuan Xu** 1Food & Drug Anti-doping Laboratory, resolution/high-accuracy MS can be used for identification and quantification, both China Anti-Doping Agency, 1st Anding have advantages and challenges for routine analysis. Here, we review the literature Road, ChaoYang District, Beijing 100029, regarding various quantification methods for measuring prohibited substances in PR China athletes as they pertain to World Anti-Doping Agency regulations. 2National Anti-doping Laboratory, China Anti-Doping Agency, 1st Anding Road, First draft submitted: 5 February 2016; Accepted for publication: 29 April 2016; ChaoYang District, Beijing 100029, PR China Published online: 31 May 2016 *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +86 108 437 6282 Keywords: doping analysis • LC–MS/MS • quantification Fax: +86 106 498 0526 [email protected] **Author for correspondence: LC–MS/MS can be used to measure trace its for threshold substances) [2] established [email protected] compounds with high sensitivity and selec- that ten substances had urinary thresholds ‡Authors contributed equally tivity, and it is suitable for quantitation and for competitive sports: 19-norandrosterone identification of banned substances in biolog- (19-NA), 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol- ical samples. Operation of the technique in 9-carboxylic acid (THCA), salbutamol, multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode formoterol, glycerol, morphine, cathine permits rapid screening of multiple [1] small (d-norpseudoephedrine), ephedrine, methy- molecules in a single run, so LC–MS/MS lephedrine and pseudoephedrine. If found is a preferred technique for routine athletic in greater concentrations than WADA lim- doping analysis. its (threshold + Uc Max – maximum accept- 12 Advances in measuring high molecu- able combined standard uncertainty val- lar weight peptides and proteins for doping ues), such compounds are reported as an control have been made: high-resolution MS ‘adverse analytical finding’ (AAF). Based enhances the signal-to-noise ratio and speci- on global WADA accredited laboratories 2016 ficity for compound identification by provid- and relevant rounds of the WADA Exter- ing elemental fragment composition. Thus, nal Quality Assessment Scheme, the Uc Max isobaric fragments with different elemental represents a 95% CI finding. Additionally, compositions from different molecular por- to ensure that all WADA-accredited labo- tions can be differentiated. Based on the ratories can uniformly report prohibited exact mass detected, high-resolution MS substances, metabolite(s) or marker(s) as (HRMS)/MS was confirmed to be well suited well as provide detection within thresholds, for quantification and offers a better signal- standardized testing methods have estab- to-noise ratio compared with low-resolution lished. The WADA Technical Document LC–MS/MS. 2015 minimum required performance lev- The World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) els (MRPL) [3] requires that all laboratories Technical Document 2014 DL (decision lim- attain a minimal capacity for screening and part of 10.4155/bio-2016-0030 © 2016 Future Science Ltd Bioanalysis (2016) 8(12), 1307–1322 ISSN 1757-6180 1307 Review Wang, Lu, Zhang, Tian, Yuan & Xu confirmation of doping compounds by establishing Technical Document 2014 for Decision Limits [2] that thresholds for AAFs. Therefore, as required by WADA ‘the threshold concentration is based on the sum of the TD2014DL and WADA Technical Document 2015 glucuronide conjugate (expressed as the free drug) and MRPL, quantitative analysis of the banned substance free drug concentrations,’ some suggest that 19-NA against a threshold and estimation of the substance sulfates and glucuronides can be measured in human concentrations (semiquantification) are used for dop- urine [5–9] but that these methods have less LOQ at ing tests. As defined by the WADA International Stan- the ng/ml level and omit hydrolysis. In addition, these dard for Laboratories (§5.2.4.4), any testing results methods show the detection difficulty in free form obtained from hair, nails, oral fluid or other biological 19-NA. Thus, the ratio between the glucuro- and material shall not be used to counter AAFs or atypi- sulfoconjugate derivatives of 19-NA and 19-noretio- cal findings in the urine. Thus, this review is chiefly cholanolone (19-NET) do not offer more information focused on methods to assay urine samples (see Table 1 about the origin of 19-NA or 19-NET. To discriminate for methods). endogenous versus exogenous 19-NA or 19-NET [5] ion suppression for each exceeds 50%, with higher RSD. Quantification of banned substances with Meanwhile 19-NA and 19-NET separation was not & without thresholds preferred even with a relatively reasonable retention 19-norandrosterone time of 13.57 and 14.02 min, respectively. Thus, screen- Confirmation of illicit use of nandrolone or other ing may not be problematic with sufficient sensitivity 19-norsteroids is based on confirming that the main for MRPL, but for quantification, ion suppression and urinary metabolite 19-NA (derived from hydrolysis separation may increase data variation. with β-glucuronidase) exceeds 2 ng/ml [4]. The pres- ence of 19-NA in the range of 2–10 ng/ml or as high THCA as 15 ng/ml can be confirmed by GC–MS/(MS) and LC–MS/MS methods for THCA quantification in LC–MS/MS, GC/C/IRMS is employed to distinguish urine, plasma, hair and oral fluids are summarized the origination of 19-NA which is endogenous or exog- in Table 2. THCA and its glucuronide conjugate are enous. Normally, quantification of 19-NA includes a major urinary cannabinoid metabolites and the WADA deuterated internal standard (e.g., d4–19-NA-glucuro- threshold for THCA is 150 ng/ml. Dilute-and-shoot nide), a calibration curve that includes the estimated method development and validation for LC–MS/MS sample concentration or a single calibration point at to measure urinary THCA has been described in the 10 or 15 ng/ml plus appropriate negative and positive literature [10–12] and this approach permitted more rapid quality control samples. Although required by WADA sample preparation with fewer steps prior to LC–MS/ Table 1. Decision limits for the confirmatory quantification of threshold substances. Threshold substance Threshold (T) Max. combined standard Decision limit Ref. Nonthreshold (MRPL) uncertainty (uc Max) at T (DL) Absolute Relative 19-Norandrosterone 2.0 ng/ml 0.3 ng/ml 15 2.5 ng/ml [4–9] THCA 150 ng/ml 15 ng/ml 10 180 ng/ml [10–21] Salbutamol 1.0 μg/ml 0.1 μg/ml 10 1.2 μg/ml [22–24] Formoterol 40 ng/ml 6.0 ng/ml 15 50 ng/ml [10,25–27] Glycerol 4.3 mg/ml 0.65 mg/ml 15 5.3 mg/ml [28–30] Morphine 1.0 μg/ml 0.15 μg/ml 15 1.3 μg/ml [31–41] Cathine 5.0 μg/ml 0.5 μg/ml 10 6.0 μg/ml [22] Ephedrine 10 μg/ml 0.5 μg/ml 5 11 μg/ml [42–51] Methylephedrine 10 μg/ml 0.5 μg/ml 5 11 μg/ml Pseudoephedrine 150 μg/ml 7.5 ug/ml 5 170 μg/ml Clenbuterol† 0.2 ng/ml [67–73] Glucocorticoids† 30 ng/ml [74–76] †Nonthreshold substances. MRPL: Minimum required performance levels. 1308 Bioanalysis (2016) 8(12) future science group Table 2. Summary of assay characteristics dedicated to THCA from urine, blood, hair and oral fluid. Analytes Matrix IS Sample Stationary Mobile phase Quantification LOD (ng/ml) Linearity Ref. preparation phase mode range (ng/ml) THCA Urine D9-THCA Hydrolysis C18, RP, 5 μm 0.1% formic acid/ ESI+ 6.1 50–400 [10] Dilution 0.1% formic acid ACN MRM THCA Urine D9-THCA Hydrolysis C8, RP, 5 μm 0.001%HAc,1 mM NH4OAc/ ESI+, ESI- 0.5 5–40 [11] Dilution 0.001%HAc,1 mM NH4OAc MeOH MRM THCA Urine D3-THCA Hydrolysis C18, RP, 1.7 μm 0.1% formic acid/ ESI- 10 5–3000 [12] Filtration 0.1% formic acid MeOH MRM THCA Urine D9-THCA SLE C18, RP, 5 μmm 10 mM NH4OAc, pH = 6.15/ ESI- 0.5 1–100 [13] THCAG THC column 15% MeOH-ACN MRM 0.5 5–500 Applications &challenges in using LC–MS/MS assays for quantitative doping analysis 5 others THCA Whole D3-THC PP C18, RP, 5 μmm 0.1% formic acid/ ESI+/- 0.1 0.25–50 [14] THC blood D3-THCA SPE 0.1% formic acid ACN MRM THCA Whole D3-THCA PP C18, RP, ACN/water/formic acid, ESI+ 1.5 2.5–100 [15] 2 others blood On-line SPE 30/70/0.01, v/v MRM THCA Whole D3-THCA SPE C18, RP, 1.8 μm 2 mM NH4CO2,0.1% formic acid/ ESI+ 0.5 0.5–100 [16] 2 others blood MeOH MRM THCAG Whole D9-THCA PP C18, RP, 5 μm 10 mM NH4OAc, pH = 6.15/ ESI- 1 5–250 [17] THCA blood SPE 15% MeOH-ACN MRM 1 1–100 4 others † † THCA Hair D3-THCA MPE C18, RP, 3 m 5 mM NH4OAc 0.5% formic acid/ ESI- 0.1 0.1–5 [18] ACN MRM THCA- Oral D3-THC SPE C18, RP, 1.8 μm 5 mM NH4CO2, pH = 6.4/ ESI+ 0.01 0.01–1 [19] derivative fluid 0.5% formic acid ACN MRM THCA Oral D3-THCA PP C18, RP, 3 μm 10 mM NH4OAc, pH = 6/ HRMS 0.015 0.015–0.5 [20] 3 others fluid SPE ACN HESI-II www.future-science.com THCA Oral D9-THCA SPE C18, RP, 3 μm 0.01% acetic acid/ ESI- 0.009 0.012–1.02 [21] fluid 0.01% acetic acid MeOH MRM †pg/mg.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seco-Steroids C07C)
    CPC - C07J - 2021.08 C07J STEROIDS (seco-steroids C07C) Definition statement This place covers: Compounds containing a cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton (see below) or a ring structure derived therefrom: • by contraction or expansion of one ring by one or two atoms; • by contraction or expansion of two rings each by one atom; • by contraction of one ring by one atom and expansion of one ring by one atom; • by substitution of one or two carbon atoms of the cyclopenta[a]hydrophenanthrene skeleton, which are not shared by rings, by hetero atoms, in combination with the above defined contraction or expansion or not, or; • by condensation with carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings in combination with one or more of the foregoing alterations or not. Preparation of steroids including purification, separation, stabilisation or use of additives unless provided for elsewhere, as specified below. Treatment and modification of steroids provided that • the treatment is not provided for elsewhere and • the resultant product is a compound under the subclass definition. Relationships with other classification places In class C07, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate place, i.e. in the last appropriate subclass. For example cyclopenta [a] hydrophenantrenes are classified in subclass C07J as steroids and not in subclasses C07C or C07D as carbocyclic or heterocyclic compounds. Subclass C07J is a function-oriented entry for the compounds themselves and does not cover the application or use of the compounds under the subclass definition. For classifying such information other entries in the IPC exist, for example: Subclass A01N: Preservation of bodies of humans or animals or plants or parts thereof; biocides, e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Expression of Recombinant Human Androgen Receptor and Its Use for Screening Methods
    Institut für Physiologie FML Weihenstephan Technische Universität München Expression of recombinant human androgen receptor and its use for screening methods Ellinor Rose Sigrid Bauer Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. B. Hock Prüfer der Dissertation: Univ.-Prof. Dr. H. H. D. Meyer Univ.-Prof. Dr. H. Sauerwein (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn) Die Dissertation wurde am 31.10.2002 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt am 03.12.2002 angenommen. Introduction Content 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1. ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS 5 1.2. ANDROGENS AND ANTIANDROGENS 7 1.2.1. DEFINITIONS 7 1.2.2. MODE OF ACTION 8 1.3. STRUCTURES OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS 10 1.4. STRATEGIES FOR MONITORING ANDROGEN ACTIVE SUBSTANCES 13 1.4.1. IN VIVO METHODS 13 1.4.2. IN VITRO METHODS 15 1.5. OBJEKTIVE OF THE STUDIES 18 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................................. 19 2.1. PREPARATION OF RECEPTORS 19 2.2. ASSAY SYSTEMS 19 2.2.1. IN SOLUTION AR ASSAY 19 2.2.2. IMMUNO-IMMOBILISED RECEPTOR ASSAY (IRA) 20 2.2.3. PR AND SHBG ASSAYS 21 2.2.4. DATA EVALUATION 21 2.3. ANALYTES 22 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ................................................................................................................. 23 3.1. DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ASSAY SYSTEMS 23 3.1.1. BAR ASSAY 23 3.1.2. CLONING OF THE HUMAN AR AND PRODUCTION OF FUNCTIONAL PROTEIN 24 3.1.3. DEVELOPMENT OF A SCREENING ASSAY ON MICROTITRE PLATES (IRA) 25 3.2.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Part 1300—Definitions
    PART 1300—DEFINITIONS (7) 5-androstenediol (3b,17b-dihydroxy- androst-5-ene) Sec. (8) 1-androstenedione ([5a]-androst-1- 1300.01 Definitions relating to controlled en-3,17-dione) substances. (9) 4-androstenedione (androst-4-en- 1300.02 Definitions relating to listed chemi- 3,17-dione) cals. (10) 5-androstenedione (androst-5-en- 1300.03 Definitions relating to electronic or- 3,17-dione) ders for controlled substances and elec- tronic prescriptions for controlled sub- (11) bolasterone (7a,17a-dimethyl-17b- stances. hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) 1300.04 Definitions relating to the dis- (12) boldenone (17b-hydroxyandrost-1,4- pensing of controlled substances by diene-3-one) means of the Internet. (13) boldione (androsta-1,4-diene-3,17- 1300.05 Definitions relating to the disposal dione) of controlled substances. (14) calusterone (7b,17a-dimethyl-17b- AUTHORITY: 21 U.S.C. 802, 821, 822, 829, hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) 871(b), 951, 958(f). (15) clostebol (4-chloro-17b- SOURCE: 62 FR 13941, Mar. 24, 1997, unless hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) otherwise noted. (16) dehydrochloromethyltestosterone (4-chloro-17b-hydroxy-17a-methyl- § 1300.01 Definitions relating to con- androst-1,4-dien-3-one) trolled substances. (17) desoxymethyltestosterone (17a- (a) Any term not defined in this part methyl-5a-androst-2-en-17b-ol) shall have the definition set forth in (a.k.a. ‘madol‘) section 102 of the Act (21 U.S.C. 802), (18) D1-dihydrotestosterone (a.k.a.‘1- except that certain terms used in part testosterone‘) (17b-hydroxy-5a- 1316 of this chapter are defined at the androst-1-en-3-one) beginning of each subpart of that part.
    [Show full text]
  • Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids in Horses: Natural Presence and Underlying Biomechanisms
    ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STEROIDS IN HORSES: NATURAL PRESENCE AND UNDERLYING BIOMECHANISMS Anneleen Decloedt Dissertation submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of philosophy (PhD) in Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University PROMOTER Prof. dr. ir. Lynn Vanhaecke Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety Laboratory of Chemical Analysis MEMBERS OF THE READING COMMITTEE Prof. dr. James Scarth HFL Sport Science, Cambridgeshire, United-Kingdom Prof. dr. Peter Van Eenoo Ghent University, DoCoLab, Zwijnaarde, Belgium Prof. dr. Ann Van Soom Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium MEMBERS OF THE EXAMINATION COMMITTEE Dr. Ludovic Bailly-Chouriberry Laboratoires des Courses Hippiques, Verrières-le-Buisson, France Dr. Leen Van Ginkel Wageningen University, RIKILT, Wageningen, The Netherlands Prof. dr. Myriam Hesta Ghent University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Merelbeke, Belgium This work was funded by the Fédération Nationale des Courses Françaises (via the Laboratoire des Courses Hippiques) and executed at the Laboratory of Chemical Analysis (Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke). The author and the promoter give the authorisation to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. “The universe is full of magic, Just patiently waiting for our wits to grow sharper” TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I – General Introduction 1 1. Steroids 3 1.1 Chemical structure 1.2 (Steroid) hormones and their role in the endocrine system 1.3 Biosynthesis of steroid hormones 1.4 Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) 1.5 Synthesis and absorption of the steroid precursor cholesterol 2.
    [Show full text]
  • MICROCOMP Output File
    108TH CONGRESS 2D SESSION S. 2195 AN ACT To amend the Controlled Substances Act to clarify the defini- tion of anabolic steroids and to provide for research and education activities relating to steroids and steroid precursors. 1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Anabolic Steroid Con- 5 trol Act of 2004’’. 2 1 SEC. 2. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES 2 ACT. 3 (a) DEFINITIONS.—Section 102 of the Controlled 4 Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802) is amended— 5 (1) in paragraph (41)— 6 (A) by realigning the margin so as to align 7 with paragraph (40); and 8 (B) by striking subparagraph (A) and in- 9 serting the following: 10 ‘‘(A) The term ‘anabolic steroid’ means any drug or 11 hormonal substance, chemically and pharmacologically re- 12 lated to testosterone (other than estrogens, progestins, 13 corticosteroids, and dehydroepiandrosterone), and 14 includes— 15 ‘‘(i) androstanediol— 16 ‘‘(I) 3β,17β-dihydroxy-5α-androstane; and 17 ‘‘(II) 3α,17β-dihydroxy-5α-androstane; 18 ‘‘(ii) androstanedione (5α-androstan-3,17- 19 dione); 20 ‘‘(iii) androstenediol— 21 ‘‘(I) 1-androstenediol (3β,17β-dihydroxy- 22 5α-androst-1-ene); 23 ‘‘(II) 1-androstenediol (3α,17β-dihydroxy- 24 5α-androst-1-ene); 25 ‘‘(III) 4-androstenediol (3β,17β-dihydroxy- 26 androst-4-ene); and †S 2195 ES 3 1 ‘‘(IV) 5-androstenediol (3β,17β-dihydroxy- 2 androst-5-ene); 3 ‘‘(iv) androstenedione— 4 ‘‘(I) 1-androstenedione ([5α]-androst-1-en- 5 3,17-dione);
    [Show full text]
  • UFC PROHIBITED LIST Effective June 1, 2021 the UFC PROHIBITED LIST
    UFC PROHIBITED LIST Effective June 1, 2021 THE UFC PROHIBITED LIST UFC PROHIBITED LIST Effective June 1, 2021 PART 1. Except as provided otherwise in PART 2 below, the UFC Prohibited List shall incorporate the most current Prohibited List published by WADA, as well as any WADA Technical Documents establishing decision limits or reporting levels, and, unless otherwise modified by the UFC Prohibited List or the UFC Anti-Doping Policy, Prohibited Substances, Prohibited Methods, Specified or Non-Specified Substances and Specified or Non-Specified Methods shall be as identified as such on the WADA Prohibited List or WADA Technical Documents. PART 2. Notwithstanding the WADA Prohibited List and any otherwise applicable WADA Technical Documents, the following modifications shall be in full force and effect: 1. Decision Concentration Levels. Adverse Analytical Findings reported at a concentration below the following Decision Concentration Levels shall be managed by USADA as Atypical Findings. • Cannabinoids: natural or synthetic delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or Cannabimimetics (e.g., “Spice,” JWH-018, JWH-073, HU-210): any level • Clomiphene: 0.1 ng/mL1 • Dehydrochloromethyltestosterone (DHCMT) long-term metabolite (M3): 0.1 ng/mL • Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (SARMs): 0.1 ng/mL2 • GW-1516 (GW-501516) metabolites: 0.1 ng/mL • Epitrenbolone (Trenbolone metabolite): 0.2 ng/mL 2. SARMs/GW-1516: Adverse Analytical Findings reported at a concentration at or above the applicable Decision Concentration Level but under 1 ng/mL shall be managed by USADA as Specified Substances. 3. Higenamine: Higenamine shall be a Prohibited Substance under the UFC Anti-Doping Policy only In-Competition (and not Out-of- Competition).
    [Show full text]
  • Download (PDF 277.63
    PROJECT REVIEW “Characterization of the main metabolites of 17-methylstenblone and 17 methylmethenolone produced by human hepatocytes and liver fractions” Prof C. Ayotte, (INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Canada) New steroids openly appear on the market in products labelled with a rather confusing nomenclature. Once characterized, pharmaceutical grade products not being available, knowledge of the biotransformation pathways essential to an efficient detection of utilization by athletes is difficult to gain since administration to human volunteers should be restricted to the minimum. The alternative is a reliable in vitro model. Human hepatocytes, fresh or cryopreserved are now available commercially. We have successfully produced and identified phase I metabolites from incubations of human hepatocytes with different steroids, such as 17-methyldrostanolone and desoxymethyltestosterone (DMT). The aim of this project is to produce in vitro from human hepatocytes and liver fractions the metabolites of two steroids, the 17-methylated derivatives of stenbolone and its isomer methenolone. The principal metabolites will be synthesized and characterized by NMR and mass spectrometry. The characterization of metabolites will enable the identification of markers of utilization to be incorporated in routine testing methods. The approach for the chemical synthesis of metabolites will be shared with NMI insuring the distribution to other doping control laboratories. Improving the knowledge of steroid biotransformation is a further benefit from these studies. Characterization of 17-Methylstenbolone and 17-Methylmethenolone and Identification of Metabolites Produced by Human Hepatocytes and Liver Fractions WADA Project no. 11A16CA Christiane Ayotte, Philippe Räss, Alexandre Sylvestre, INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier Summary We have synthesized and characterized two designer steroids, 17α-methylmethenolone and 17α- methylstenbolone; the latter is proposed on the internet and two groups have reported different and contradictory results.
    [Show full text]
  • Pharmacy and Poisons (Third and Fourth Schedule Amendment) Order 2017
    Q UO N T FA R U T A F E BERMUDA PHARMACY AND POISONS (THIRD AND FOURTH SCHEDULE AMENDMENT) ORDER 2017 BR 111 / 2017 The Minister responsible for health, in exercise of the power conferred by section 48A(1) of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1979, makes the following Order: Citation 1 This Order may be cited as the Pharmacy and Poisons (Third and Fourth Schedule Amendment) Order 2017. Repeals and replaces the Third and Fourth Schedule of the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1979 2 The Third and Fourth Schedules to the Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1979 are repealed and replaced with— “THIRD SCHEDULE (Sections 25(6); 27(1))) DRUGS OBTAINABLE ONLY ON PRESCRIPTION EXCEPT WHERE SPECIFIED IN THE FOURTH SCHEDULE (PART I AND PART II) Note: The following annotations used in this Schedule have the following meanings: md (maximum dose) i.e. the maximum quantity of the substance contained in the amount of a medicinal product which is recommended to be taken or administered at any one time. 1 PHARMACY AND POISONS (THIRD AND FOURTH SCHEDULE AMENDMENT) ORDER 2017 mdd (maximum daily dose) i.e. the maximum quantity of the substance that is contained in the amount of a medicinal product which is recommended to be taken or administered in any period of 24 hours. mg milligram ms (maximum strength) i.e. either or, if so specified, both of the following: (a) the maximum quantity of the substance by weight or volume that is contained in the dosage unit of a medicinal product; or (b) the maximum percentage of the substance contained in a medicinal product calculated in terms of w/w, w/v, v/w, or v/v, as appropriate.
    [Show full text]
  • Us Anti-Doping Agency
    2019U.S. ANTI-DOPING AGENCY WALLET CARDEXAMPLES OF PROHIBITED AND PERMITTED SUBSTANCES AND METHODS Effective Jan. 1 – Dec. 31, 2019 CATEGORIES OF SUBSTANCES PROHIBITED AT ALL TIMES (IN AND OUT-OF-COMPETITION) • Non-Approved Substances: investigational drugs and pharmaceuticals with no approval by a governmental regulatory health authority for human therapeutic use. • Anabolic Agents: androstenediol, androstenedione, bolasterone, boldenone, clenbuterol, danazol, desoxymethyltestosterone (madol), dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (DHCMT), Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA , Intrarosa) and its prohormones, drostanolone, epitestosterone, methasterone, methyl-1-testosterone, methyltestosterone (Covaryx, EEMT, Est Estrogens-methyltest DS, Methitest), nandrolone, oxandrolone, prostanozol, Selective Androgen Receptor Modulators (enobosarm, (ostarine, MK-2866), andarine, LGD-4033, RAD-140). stanozolol, testosterone and its metabolites or isomers (Androgel), THG, tibolone, trenbolone, zeranol, zilpaterol, and similar substances. • Beta-2 Agonists: All selective and non-selective beta-2 agonists, including all optical isomers, are prohibited. Most inhaled beta-2 agonists are prohibited, including arformoterol (Brovana), fenoterol, higenamine (norcoclaurine, Tinospora crispa), indacaterol (Arcapta), levalbuterol (Xopenex), metaproternol (Alupent), orciprenaline, olodaterol (Striverdi), pirbuterol (Maxair), terbutaline (Brethaire), vilanterol (Breo). The only exceptions are albuterol, formoterol, and salmeterol by a metered-dose inhaler when used
    [Show full text]
  • Supporting Information a Analysed Substances
    Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Analyst. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2020 List of contents: Tab. A1 Detailed list and classification of analysed substances. Tab. A2 List of selected MS/MS parameters for the analytes. Tab. A1 Detailed list and classification of analysed substances. drug of therapeutic doping agent analytical standard substance abuse drug (WADA class)* supplier (+\-)-amphetamine ✓ ✓ S6 stimulants LGC (+\-)-methamphetamine ✓ S6 stimulants LGC (+\-)-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) ✓ S6 stimulants LGC methylhexanamine (4-methylhexan-2-amine, DMAA) S6 stimulants Sigma cocaine ✓ ✓ S6 stimulants LGC methylphenidate ✓ ✓ S6 stimulants LGC nikethamide (N,N-diethylnicotinamide) ✓ S6 stimulants Aldrich strychnine S6 stimulants Sigma (-)-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ✓ ✓ S8 cannabinoids LGC (-)-11-nor-9-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC-COOH) S8 cannabinoids LGC morphine ✓ ✓ S7 narcotics LGC heroin (diacetylmorphine) ✓ ✓ S7 narcotics LGC hydrocodone ✓ ✓ Cerillant® oxycodone ✓ ✓ S7 narcotics LGC (+\-)-methadone ✓ ✓ S7 narcotics Cerillant® buprenorphine ✓ ✓ S7 narcotics Cerillant® fentanyl ✓ ✓ S7 narcotics LGC ketamine ✓ ✓ LGC phencyclidine (PCP) ✓ S0 non-approved substances LGC lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) ✓ S0 non-approved substances LGC psilocybin ✓ S0 non-approved substances Cerillant® alprazolam ✓ ✓ LGC clonazepam ✓ ✓ Cerillant® flunitrazepam ✓ ✓ LGC zolpidem ✓ ✓ LGC VETRANAL™ boldenone (Δ1-testosterone / 1-dehydrotestosterone) ✓ S1 anabolic agents (Sigma-Aldrich)
    [Show full text]
  • Vargas KEA, Et Al. Hepatotoxicity Associated with Methylstenbolone and Copyright© Vargas KEA, Et Al
    1. Medical Journal of Clinical Trials & Case Studies ISSN: 2578-4838 Hepatotoxicity Associated with Methylstenbolone and Stanozolol Abuse Vargas KEA*, Guaraná TA, Biccas BN, Agoglia LV, Carvalho ACG, Case Report Gismondi R and Esberard EBC Volume 2 Issue 5 Received Date: July 27, 2018 Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Clinical Medicine, and Published Date: September 03, 2018 Department of Pathology, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense DOI: 10.23880/mjccs-16000176 University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil *Corresponding author: Vargas Karen Elizabeth Arce, Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Department of Clinical Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Antônio Pedro University Hospital, Federal Fluminense University, Rio de Janeiro, Ernani do Amaral Peixoto Avenue, 935. Ap.901 / Cep.24020043, Brazil, Tel: 005521981584624; Email: [email protected] Abstract Background & Objectives: Drug hepatotoxicity is a major cause of liver disease. Many drugs are well known to induce liver damage. Some toxic products, like anabolic androgenic steroids, that are pharmaceutical preparations since they contain pharmaceutically active substance, are available as nutritional supplements. Many patients are used to consume these like dietary stuff. Methods: We introduce a case series of two patients who developed hepatic damage after the consumption of anabolic- androgenic steroids, accompanied by a detailed bibliographic research on this topic. Results: We present two young men who developed significant liver damage, both with hyperbilirubinemia pattern after consumption of anabolic-androgenic steroids. This was associated with considerable morbidity, although both recovered without liver transplantation. The two anabolic-androgenic steroids were being marketed as dietary supplements. Conclusions: Although not well controlled substances in Brazil, anabolic-androgenic steroids are cause of severe hepatotoxicity.
    [Show full text]
  • A10 Anabolic Steroids Hardcore Info
    CONTENTS GENERAL INFORMATION 3 Anabolic steroids – What are they? 4 How do they Work? – Aromatisation 5 More molecules – More problems 6 The side effects of anabolic steroids 7 Women and anabolic steroids 8 Injecting steroids 9 Abscesses – Needle Exchanges 10 Intramuscular injection 11 Injection sites 12 Oral steroids – Cycles – Stacking 13 Diet 14 Where do steroids come from? Spotting a counterfeit 15 Drug Information – Drug dosage STEROIDS 16 Anadrol – Andriol 17 Anavar – Deca-Durabolin 18 Dynabolon – Durabolin – Dianabol 19 Esiclene – Equipoise 20 Primobolan Depot – Proviron – Primobolan orals – Pronobol 21 Sustanon – Stromba, Strombaject – Testosterone Cypionate Testosterone Enanthate 22 Testosterone Propionate – Testosterone Suspension 23 Trenbolone Acetate – Winstrol OTHER DRUGS 24 Aldactone – Arimidex 25 Clenbuterol – Cytomel 26 Ephedrine Hydrochloride – GHB 27 Growth Hormone 28 Insulin 30 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 – Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin 31 Tamoxifen – Nubain – Recreational Drugs 32 Steroids and the Law 34 Glossary ANABOLIC STEROIDS People use anabolic steroids for various reasons, some use them to build muscle for their job, others just want to look good and some use them to help them in sport or body building. Whatever the reason, care needs to be taken so that as little harm is done to the body as possible because despite having muscle building effects they also have serious side effects especially when used incorrectly. WHAT ARE THEY? Anabolic steroids are man made versions of the hormone testosterone. Testosterone is the chemical in men responsible for facial hair, deepening of the voice and sex organ development, basically the masculine things Steroids are in a man. used in medicine to treat anaemia, muscle weakness after These masculine effects surgery etc, vascular are called the androgenic disorders and effects of testosterone.
    [Show full text]