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Cordyceps Medicinal Fungus: Harvest and Use in Tibet
HerbalGram 83 • August – October 2009 83 • August HerbalGram Kew’s 250th Anniversary • Reviving Graeco-Arabic Medicine • St. John’s Wort and Birth Control The Journal of the American Botanical Council Number 83 | August – October 2009 Kew’s 250th Anniversary • Reviving Graeco-Arabic Medicine • Lemongrass for Oral Thrush • Hibiscus for Blood Pressure • St. John’s Wort and BirthWort Control • St. John’s Blood Pressure • HibiscusThrush for Oral for 250th Anniversary Medicine • Reviving Graeco-Arabic • Lemongrass Kew’s US/CAN $6.95 Cordyceps Medicinal Fungus: www.herbalgram.org Harvest and Use in Tibet www.herbalgram.org www.herbalgram.org 2009 HerbalGram 83 | 1 STILL HERBAL AFTER ALL THESE YEARS Celebrating 30 Years of Supporting America’s Health The year 2009 marks Herb Pharm’s 30th anniversary as a leading producer and distributor of therapeutic herbal extracts. During this time we have continually emphasized the importance of using the best quality certified organically cultivated and sustainably-wildcrafted herbs to produce our herbal healthcare products. This is why we created the “Pharm Farm” – our certified organic herb farm, and the “Plant Plant” – our modern, FDA-audited production facility. It is here that we integrate the centuries-old, time-proven knowledge and wisdom of traditional herbal medicine with the herbal sciences and technology of the 21st Century. Equally important, Herb Pharm has taken a leadership role in social and environmental responsibility through projects like our use of the Blue Sky renewable energy program, our farm’s streams and Supporting America’s Health creeks conservation program, and the Botanical Sanctuary program Since 1979 whereby we research and develop practical methods for the conser- vation and organic cultivation of endangered wild medicinal herbs. -
Botanical Gardens in the West Indies John Parker: the Botanic Garden of the University of Cambridge Holly H
A Publication of the Foundation for Landscape Studies A Journal of Place Volume ıı | Number ı | Fall 2006 Essay: The Botanical Garden 2 Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: Introduction Fabio Gabari: The Botanical Garden of the University of Pisa Gerda van Uffelen: Hortus Botanicus Leiden Rosie Atkins: Chelsea Physic Garden Nina Antonetti: British Colonial Botanical Gardens in the West Indies John Parker: The Botanic Garden of the University of Cambridge Holly H. Shimizu: United States Botanic Garden Gregory Long: The New York Botanical Garden Mike Maunder: Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden Profile 13 Kim Tripp Exhibition Review 14 Justin Spring: Dutch Watercolors: The Great Age of the Leiden Botanical Garden New York Botanical Garden Book Reviews 18 Elizabeth Barlow Rogers: The Naming of Names: The Search for Order in the World of Plants By Anna Pavord Melanie L. Simo: Henry Shaw’s Victorian Landscapes: The Missouri Botanical Garden and Tower Grove Park By Carol Grove Judith B. Tankard: Maybeck’s Landscapes By Dianne Harris Calendar 22 Contributors 23 Letter from the Editor The Botanical Garden he term ‘globaliza- botanical gardens were plant species was the prima- Because of the botanical Introduction tion’ today has established to facilitate the ry focus of botanical gardens garden’s importance to soci- The Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries widespread cur- propagation and cultivation in former times, the loss of ety, the principal essay in he botanical garden is generally considered a rency. We use of new kinds of food crops species and habitats through this issue of Site/Lines treats Renaissance institution because of the establishment it to describe the and to act as holding opera- ecological destruction is a it as a historical institution in 1534 of gardens in Pisa and Padua specifically Tgrowth of multi-national tions for plants and seeds pressing concern in our as well as a landscape type dedicated to the study of plants. -
The Plant Collection of the 6Th Earl of Coventry at Croome Park, Worcestershire
margaret stone, ann hooper, pamela shaw and lesley tanner an eighteenth-century obsession – the plant collection of the 6th earl of coventry at croome park, worcestershire The parkland at Croome, Worcestershire, was the frst landscape designed by Lancelot Brown, employed by George William, 6th Earl of Coventry. The Earl amassed a vast, diverse plant collection, for which over six hundred bills have survived; they cover more than sixty years from 1747 to his death in 1809. Large numbers of plants were purchased at enormous cost and there were many frst introductions to Britain. By the end of the eighteenth century this was arguably the fnest private collection ever formed. This paper is a study of that collection. in 1751, george william, viscount Deerhurst, succeeded to the title of 6th earl of coventry; he was twenty-eight years old and had been managing the croome estate for three years (figure 1). he had demolished the early eighteenth-century formal gardens and now employed lancelot brown as clerk of works to remodel the seventeenth- century house. brown had worked at stowe, buckinghamshire, for ten years between 1740 and 1751, acquiring experience in supervising building work and remodelling the lake; he was by then thirty-fve years old. the exterior of croome court shows considerable similarity to william kent’s neo-palladian holkham hall, norfolk. the earl must have been deeply involved in the project; he kept his invoices carefully, often annotating them, and they have survived to the present (figure 2).1 clearly, he had a good working relationship with brown, who was soon appointed to develop the grounds. -
Early Cultivation of Macaronesian Plants in Three European Botanic Gardens
Rev. Acad. Canar. Cicnc, XXIII (Num. 3), 1 13-143 (201 1) (publicado en abril de 2012) EARLY CULTIVATION OF MACARONESIAN PLANTS IN THREE EUROPEAN BOTANIC GARDENS - J. Francisco-Ortega' -, A. Santos-Guerra\ L. Sanchez-Pinto\ & M. Maunder' Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, U.S.A. e-mail: ortegajrafiu.edu (correspondence) ^Center for Tropical Plant Conservation, Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden 1 1935 Old Cutler Road. Coral Gables (Miami), FL 33 156, U.S.A. ^ Unidad de Botanica, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones Agrarias Calle Retama, num. 2, Puerto de la Cruz, 38400 Tenerife. Spain * Museo de la Naturaleza y el Hombre, Calle Fuente Morales, num. 2 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 38003 Tenerife, Spain ABSTRACT The Chelsea Physic Garden (London) (established in 1673), the Botanic Garden of Amsterdam (established in 1682), and the Clifford's Hartekamp Gardens (the Netherlands, es- tablished in 1 709 by George Clifford II) were among the most important pre-Linnaean botanic gardens in Europe and were famous because of their living collections of exotic plants. There is relatively extensive documentation of what plant material was grown in these botanic gar- dens prior to Linnaeus establishing the now generally accepted binomial system for naming plants. A study of these documents pertinent to species originally from the Macaronesian Is- lands is presented as a contribution to the history of European plant collections and the in- troduction of new exotics to European horticulture. A total of 29 taxa from the region w ere cultivated in at least one of these gardens between 1689 and 1751. -
Oxalidaceae) 23 Doi: 10.3897/Phytokeys.119.33280 RESEARCH ARTICLE Launched to Accelerate Biodiversity Research
A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeys 119: 23–30 Typification(2019) of Oxalis bowiei W.T.Aiton ex G.Don (Oxalidaceae) 23 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.119.33280 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Typification of Oxalis bowiei W.T.Aiton ex G.Don (Oxalidaceae) Quentin Groom1 1 Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860 Meise, Belgium Corresponding author: Quentin Groom ([email protected]) Academic editor: S. Boatwright | Received 22 January 2019 | Accepted 21 February 2019 | Published 15 March 2019 Citation: Groom Q (2019) Typification ofOxalis bowiei W.T.Aiton ex G.Don (Oxalidaceae). PhytoKeys 119: 23–30. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.119.33280 Abstract Oxalis bowiei W.T.Aiton ex G.Don (Oxalidaceae) from South Africa was described in 1831, but has not been typified. Although no preserved material was mentioned in the original description, an illustration by Thomas Duncanson painted a few years earlier would have been available to W.T. Aiton at the time he described it and it matches his description. Therefore this illustration is designated as the lectotype for Oxalis bowiei. Keywords Oxalis bowii, Oxalis bowieana, Bowie’s woodsorrel, nomenclature, lectotype Introduction Oxalis bowiei W.T.Aiton ex G.Don (Oxalidaceae), commonly known as Bowie’s wood- sorrel, is a bulbous perennial from KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It is an attractive flowering plant and is occasionally grown horticulturally in mild temperate climates (Brickell and Aspden 1994). It has also become naturalised in Australia, Europe, North America and Japan (Carnevali et al. 2018; Conn et al. -
Botanic Gardens and the Aesthetics of Artifice Cairns Craig
Botanic Gardens and the Aesthetics of Artifice Cairns Craig In 1651 Andrew Balfour, later one of the founders of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden, visited Blois in France, where the physic garden developed by Robert Morison, then physician to the Duc d’Orléans, had become famous for its col- lection of plants that could be exploited for medicinal purposes. Morison, from Aberdeen, had left Scotland after being wounded fighting on the Royalist side against Cromwell’s forces in the battle of the Bridge of Dee in 1639. Having, like many other royalist exiles, taken up residence in France, he obtained a doctorate in medicine at Angers and went on to study botany in Paris with Vespasian Robin, then prominent in the introduction of North American plants into European horticulture. Balfour’s meeting with Morison was to lead to a lifelong friendship in which each supported the other’s botanical studies. Morison returned to Britain with Charles II in 1660, to become the King’s physician and subsequently Professor of Botany at Oxford; Balfour, having developed a reputation as a doctor first in St Andrews and then in Edinburgh, extended his medical practice by establishing, along with his cousin Robert Sibbald, who had also trained in France, a ‘physic garden’ to emulate those on the Continent, many of which Balfour had visited while on a ‘grand tour’ with the young Earl of Rochester during the years 1661–4. Balfour and Sibbald’s physic garden was transformed into a botanic garden after the unexpected death in 1671 of one of Balfour’s protégés, Patrick Murray (or Morray), Baron of Livingston (or Levengstone), who had been on a tour of the gardens of France. -
ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW Records and Collections, 1768-1954 Reels M730-88
AUSTRALIAN JOINT COPYING PROJECT ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW Records and collections, 1768-1954 Reels M730-88 Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond London TW9 3AE National Library of Australia State Library of New South Wales Filmed: 1970-71 CONTENTS Page 4 Historical note 7 Kew collectors series, 1814-55 9 Papers relating to collectors, 1791-1865 10 Official correspondence of Sir William Hooker, 1825-65 17 Official correspondence, 1865-1928 30 Miscellaneous manuscripts 30 Manuscript of James Backhouse 30 Letters to John G. Baker, 1883-90 31 Papers of Sir Joseph Banks, 1768-1819 33 Papers of George Bentham, 1834-1882 35 Papers of Henry Burkill, 1893-1937 35 Records of HMS Challenger, 1874-76 36 Manuscript of Frederick Christian 36 Papers of Charles Baron Clarke 36 Papers of William Colenso, 1841-52 37 Manuscript of Harold Comber, 1929-30 37 Manuscripts of Allan Cunningham, 1826-35 38 Letter of Charles Darwin, 1835 38 Letters to John Duthie, 1878-1905 38 Manuscripts of A.D.E. Elmer, 1907-17 39 Fern lists, 1846-1904 41 Papers of Henry Forbes, 1881-86 41 Correspondence of William Forsyth, 1790 42 Notebook of Henry Guppy, 1885 42 Manuscript of Clara Hemsley, 1898 42 Letters to William Hemsley, 1881-1916 43 Correspondence of John Henslow, 1838-39 43 Diaries of Sir Arthur Hill, 1927-28 43 Papers of Sir Joseph Hooker, 1840-1914 2 48 Manuscript of Janet Hutton 49 Inwards and outwards books, 1793-1895 58 Letters of William Kerr, 1809 59 Correspondence of Aylmer Bourke Lambert, 1821-40 59 Notebooks of L.V. -
Francis Masson at the Cape and Around the World: a Life Devoted to Botany and Natural Science Barbara Helly
Francis Masson at the Cape and around the world: a life devoted to botany and natural science Barbara Helly To cite this version: Barbara Helly. Francis Masson at the Cape and around the world: a life devoted to botany and natural science. 2014. hal-02321157 HAL Id: hal-02321157 https://hal-normandie-univ.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02321157 Preprint submitted on 20 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Francis Masson at the Cape and around the world: a life devoted to botany and natural science Barbara HELLY Introduction At the end of the 18th century, during the period of the Enlightenment, Francis Masson worked for the Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge. He started as an anonymous staff member of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, which had been officially created in 1759. But a decade later, he was already taking a most active part in the successful development of this new institution’s world ambitions in botany. Francis Masson’s contribution to the botanical discoveries of his time has been regularly commented upon, but often times the articles have dealt with specific fields of his activities or they have presented the main events of his life for encyclopaedias. -
Cape Heaths in European Gardens: the Early History of South African Erica Species in Cultivation, Their Deliberate Hybridization and the Orthographic Bedlam
Bothalia 34,2: 127-140(2004) Cape heaths in European gardens: the early history of South African Erica species in cultivation, their deliberate hybridization and the orthographic bedlam E.C. NELSON* and E.G.H. OLIVER** Keywords: botanical history. Cape heaths, garden history, hybrids, nomenclature ABSTRACT This paper discusses the horticultural history of southern African Erica spp. in Europe, and especially in Britain, dur ing the late eighteenth and the early decades of the nineteenth century . We note evidence for the deliberate hybridization of the so-called Cape heaths by European horticulturists, in particular by the English nursery man William Rollisson and by the Very Rev. William Herbert. We discuss some of the nomenclatural consequences of the naming by miscellaneous botanists and nurserymen of the hundreds of new Erica species and hybrids, emphasizing the proliferation of eponyms. An appendix tabulates eponyms and their numerous orthographic variants published before 1835 within Erica, and provides the correct orthography for these epithets. INTRODUCTION inflorescence of Protea neriifolia R.Br. depicted by L'Écluse (ohm Clusius) in Exoticorum libri decem (Clusius The early history of the discovery of the flora of south 1605; Kerkham 1988; Rourke 1980). L'Écluse also first ern Africa is well summarized by Gunn & Codd (1981), reported an instance of a Cape species in cultivation in a and a brief historical sketch of the description and depic European garden, that being ‘Omithogalum aethiopicum*, tion of Cape species of Erica prefaces Baker & Oliver the bulbs of w hich had been collected by sailors at the Cape (1968). This paper concentrates on the horticultural histo of Good Hope (Clusius 1611; Gunn & Codd 1981: 13). -
Western Botanical Gardens: History and Evolution
5 Western Botanical Gardens: History and Evolution Donald A. Rakow Section of Horticulture School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Ithaca, NY USA Sharon A. Lee Sharon Lee and Associates Swarthmore, PA USA ABSTRACT Dedicated to promoting an understanding of plants and their importance, the modern Western botanical garden addresses this mission through the establish- ment of educational programs, display and interpretation of collections, and research initiatives. The basic design and roles of the contemporary institution, however, can be traced to ancient Egypt, Persia, Greece, and Rome, where important elements emerged that would evolve over the centuries: the garden as walled and protected sanctuary, the garden as an organized space, and plants as agents of healing. In the Middle Ages, those concepts expanded to become the hortus conclusus, the walled monastery gardens where medicinal plants were grown. With intellectual curiosity at its zenith in the Renaissance, plants became subjects to be studied and shared. In the 16th and 17th centuries, botanical gardens in western Europe were teaching laboratories for university students studying medicine, botany, and what is now termed pharmacology. The need to teach students how to distinguish between medicinally active plants and poisonous plants led the first professor of botany in Europe, Francesco Bonafede, to propose the creation of the Orto botanico in Padua. Its initial curator was among the first to take plant collecting trips throughout Europe. Not to be Horticultural Reviews, Volume 43, First Edition. Edited by Jules Janick. 2015 Wiley-Blackwell. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 269 270 D. -
KGU: Papers Relating to the Kew Guild
KGU: Archives of the Kew Guild 1893- KGU/1 : Internal Records of the Kew Guild 1893- Date Range: 1893- Extent: 10 series: 265 files/volumes of documents, 4 boxes of photographs, 1 photograph album, 25 objects and 7 boxes of index cards. Creator: The Kew Guild (1893-date) Administrative/Biographical History: The Kew Guild was founded in 1893, as an offshoot of the Kew Mutual Improvement Society (itself created in 1871), with an intention of uniting past and present “Kewites” by means of the publication of an annual journal that would convey news and facilitate communication. The Director, William Thiselton-Dyer, gave his blessing and a committee was formed to carry out the scheme, consisting of W.Watson, W.J. Bean, G.H. Krumbiegel, J. Brown, A.A. Pettigrew and J. Aikman. At this time, the fledgling organisation also adopted its motto, ‘Floreat Kew’, meaning ‘May Kew Flourish’. A badge for the Guild was first developed in the 1920s. Improvements were made to this in the 1930s but the design was not appropriate from a heraldic point of view and so, in the 1960s, the Guild approached the College of Arms and an official badge and arms were awarded. Initially, the Guild was intended only for gardening staff but, in 1898, this rule was expanded to include those “who are or who have at any time been employed as gardeners or in any position of responsibility in the Royal Gardens, Kew”, a qualification that allowed horticultural, scientific and administrative staff to become members. Among those who became life members early on were Sir Daniel Morris, Sir Joseph Hooker and Sir William Thiselton-Dyer. -
Living Collections Strategy 2019 Scoliopus Bigelovii Living Collections Strategy 1
Living Collections Strategy 2019 Scoliopus bigelovii Living Collections Strategy 1 Foreword The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew has an extraordinary wealth of living plant collections across our two sites, Kew Gardens and Wakehurst. One of our key objectives as an organisation is that our collections should be curated to excellent standards and widely used for the benefit of humankind. In support of this fundamental objective, through development of this Living Collections Strategy, we are providing a blueprint for stronger alignment and integration of Kew’s horticulture, science and conservation into the future. The Living Collections have their origins in the eighteenth century but have been continually developing and growing since that time. Significant expansion occurred during the mid to late 1800s (with the extension of British influence globally and the increase in reliable transport by sea) and continued into the 1900s. In recent years, a greater emphasis has been placed on the acquisition of plants of high conservation value, where the skills and knowledge of Kew’s staff have been critically important in unlocking the secrets vital for the plants’ survival. Held within the collections are plants of high conservation value (some extinct in the wild), representatives of floras from different habitats across the world, extensive taxonomically themed collections of families or genera, plants that are useful to humankind, and plants that contribute to the distinctive landscape characteristics of our two sites. In this strategy, we have sought to bring together not only the information about each individual collection, but also the context and detail of the diverse growing environments, development of each collection, significant species, and areas of policy and protocol such as the application of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Convention on Biological Diversity and biosecurity procedures.