PHI 336 Kant

Lecturer: Jessica Leech

Room C15, Department of Philosophy, 45 Victoria Street

Office Hours: Tuesday 10-12

Lectures Thursday 10-11 MAPP-LT9

Friday 12-1 HI-LTD

Seminars Thursday 11-12 or 2-3, Jessop Building TBC

Outline of the Course

Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason is arguably one of the most controversial and influential philosophical works ever written. Kant complains that philosophy has lost its way, making no progress, but degenerating into endless debates that no one can win. His proposal is to investigate the power and limits of our capacity for representation and knowledge, in order to find out to what extent it is even possible for us to engage in pursuits such as metaphysics. Out of this develops Kant’s transcendental idealism, and his treatment of the problems of traditional metaphysics (the nature and existence of the soul, the cosmos, and God).

Kant’s work in the Critique has had a great impact in epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of science and even ethics. It has helped to shape many philosophical projects and perspectives. Whether critic or follower, countless philosophers have seen Kant as a crucial point of departure for their own views.

This course will involve a detailed study of Kant’s arguments in the Critique of Pure Reason , locating Kant’s insights both within their historical context and their relation to contemporary philosophy. We will undertake a close reading of the text itself alongside some of the most important secondary literature. We will explore key themes including the nature of space and time, causation, transcendental arguments, freedom, the nature of judgment and the existence of God.

Structure of the Semester

Week 1 (the first week of teaching) starts on Monday 30 th September. The semester lasts for 12 weeks and ends on Saturday 21 st December. There will be a reading week in week 7 of the semester during which there will be no lectures or seminars.

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Lectures and Seminars

The course will consist of 22 lectures and 9 seminars. The purpose of the lectures is to set out and briefly discuss the topics. We will often also discuss some of the issues raised by a topic or the objections to it. Lectures will often not leave every question answered and every issue settled. This will give you the opportunity to think through the issues yourself and decide what you think (with, of course, the help of the primary text and secondary readings).

You must sign up to attend one of the two seminar slots. Here we will debate and discuss in more detail the issues surrounding the topics. It is essential that you come to the seminars prepared, having read the set reading and thought of any questions/issues you would like to discuss.

If you find that you have any questions, problems, or thoughts that you have not had chance to raise in lectures/seminars and would like to discuss with me then feel free to come and talk to me after lectures/seminars, in my office hours or by appointment. Lecture and Seminar Schedule

Lectures start in week 1 and seminars start in week 3

Lectures

Week Topic

One Introduction to the course, historical context and Kant’s project

Two Kant's Methods and System

Three Transcendental Arguments & The Transcendental Aesthetic: Space and Time

Four More on Space and Time & Transcendental Idealism

Five The Transcendental Analytic & The Transcendental Deduction

Six The Transcendental Deduction continued & summary so far

Seven Reading week (no lectures or seminars)

Eight Axioms, Anticipations, and Substance

Nine Causation & The Refutation of Idealism

Ten Introduction to the Transcendental Dialectic & The Paralogisms

Eleven The Antinomies

Twelve God & The Regulative Use of Reason

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Seminars

The beginning of every seminar will be an open forum to raise and discuss questions arising from the previous lectures. We will then move on to discuss a set piece of reading, chosen to help deepen your understanding of the topic area. Each week one student will be asked to prepare a brief (2 mins) introduction to the reading to start the discussion off.

Seminar Reading

Seminar 1 (week 3) Introduction, CPR A1-16/B1-30.

Seminar 2 (week 4) Bennett, J. “Space and Objects” in Kant’s Analytic (Cambridge University Press 1966) pp. 33-44

Seminar 3 (week 5) Allison, H. E. Kant’s Transcendental Idealism revised and enlarged edition (Yale 2004) Chapter 1, pp. 3-19

Seminar 4 (week 6) Kitcher, P. "Kant's Real Self" in Wood, A. Self and Nature in Kant's Philosophy

Seminar 5 (week 8) The Second Analogy, CPR A189-211/B232-256

Seminar 6 (week 9) The Refutation of Idealism, CPR B274-279

Seminar 7 (week 10) Hatfield, G., 'Empirical, Rational, and Transcendental Psychology: Psychology as Science and as Philosophy' in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant , Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 200-228

Seminar 8 (week 11) Nelkin, D. K. ‘Two Standpoints and the Belief in Freedom’ in The Journal of Philosophy , Vol. 97, No. 10 (Oct., 2000), pp. 564-576

Seminar 9 (week 12) The Impossibility of an Ontological Proof of the Existence of God, CPR A592-602/B620-30

Lecture notes and handouts

I will lecture using handouts. I will post these handouts on the course MOLE site at least 24 hours before each lecture. You will be expected to make your own copy of the handout and bring it to the lecture. These handouts will then be accessible online for the entirety of the course. Please note: the handouts are not a substitute for attending the lectures. They will contain the most useful or important information on the topic, but you will need to make your own additional notes during or after the lectures and, of course, you should be making your own notes on the primary and secondary literature.

If you have difficulty accessing a printer, please let me know before the lecture so I can help you out in time.

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Assessment Option 1: Coursework + exam

The standard assessment is by one 3000-4000 word essay and one exam. Guidance will be given at the end of the course regarding what to expect in the exam. Each of these components is worth 50% of the final module mark.

The essay deadline (for short essays) is Tuesday 10 th December, 4pm. You will be informed of an examination date closer to the time. Option 2: Long essay

Students may choose to submit one long essay in place of the usual essay and exam. The long essay would be on a topic of your choice and you would pick your own question in consultation with me. The word count for the long essay is between 4500- 6000 words. Note that the long essay is the form of assessment for any postgraduate students enrolled on this course.

The essay deadline for the long essay is Wednesday 29 th January 2014, 4pm . If you wish to do a long essay you must submit a long essay plan to me for approval first. The deadline for approval of long essay titles and plans is Wednesday 20 th November, 4pm , so make sure you submit your plan in good time for me to consider it.

Note that single honours students may choose to be assessed by no more than three long essays throughout the academic year (including either/both of the Philosophical Projects modules). For dual honours students the limit is two long essays (including the Philosophical Projects modules). Option 3: Oral examination trial

In response to suggestions from students, in some modules we are trialing an oral examination option. This year it will work the same as option 1 (coursework + exam), but with a third additional element, an oral examination. As the oral exams are new, students choosing option 3 will be invited to complete all three assessments—written exam, oral exam, and coursework—with the 2 best marks each counting as 50% of the overall mark.

The oral examination itself will consist of a 40 minute preparation period with previously unseen questions, followed by a 20 minute discussion with the examiner on those questions.

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Plagiarism

The following are serious academic offences and may result in penalties that could have a lasting effect on your career, both at University and beyond.

Plagiarism (either intentional or unintentional) is the stealing of ideas or work of another person (including experts and fellow or former students) and is considered dishonest and unprofessional. Plagiarism may take the form of cutting and pasting, taking or closely paraphrasing ideas, passages, sections, sentences, paragraphs, drawings, graphs and other graphical material from books, articles, internet sites or any other source and submitting them for assessment without appropriate acknowledgement.

Submitting bought or commissioned work (for example from internet sites, essay “banks” or “mills”) is an extremely serious form of plagiarism. This may take the form of buying or commissioning either the whole assignment or part of it and implies a clear intention to deceive the examiners. The University also takes an extremely serious view of any student who sells, offers to sell or passes on their own assignments to other students.

Double submission (or self plagiarism) is resubmitting previously submitted work on one or more occasions (without proper acknowledgement). This may take the form of copying either the whole assignment or part of it. Normally credit will already have been given for this work.

Collusion is where two or more people work together to produce a piece of work, all or part of which is then submitted by each of them as their own individual work. This includes passing on work in any format to another student. Collusion does not occur where students involved in group work are encouraged to work together to produce a single piece of work as part of the assessment process.

More on plagiarism in particular: In any essay or exam answer submitted for assessment, all passages taken from other people's work, either word for word, or with small changes, must be placed within quotation marks, with specific reference to author, title and page. No excuse can be accepted for any failure to do so, nor will inclusion of the source in a bibliography be considered an adequate acknowledgement.

If the marker decides that plagiarism has occurred, it becomes a matter of report to a University Committee. The student may be judged to have failed the essay and/or exam and/or module (depending on the degree of severity). The plagiarism will also be recorded on the student's record. Plagiarism from handouts: There has in the past been some scope for confusion on this issue, since many staff offer the advice that ideas deriving from the lecturer do not need to be cited when used. But the department has agreed that a distinction needs to be drawn between use of ideas or arguments expounded in lectures, on the one hand (which is legitimate without citation), and verbatim or near-verbatim reproduction of material from lecture handouts or lecture notes/transcripts, on the other hand (which is not). Any essay that is judged to rely too heavily on course handouts — even when it is considered to fall short of plagiarism — will be penalised.

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Course Reading List This course involves a close reading of the Critique of Pure Reason . It will not be enough to do well in this course to simply come to the lectures/seminars and submit coursework. It is essential that you carefully read and engage with the Critique . The reading list below details the required reading for every topic. A shortened version of the required reading will be discussed in every seminar. Main course text : The main text we will be using is Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason . This text is highly recommended. You should ensure that you have access to either the Norman Kemp Smith translation or the Paul Guyer & Allen Wood. There is some disagreement over which translation is better – Kemp Smith attempted to make Kant more readable, but contains systematic misleading translations (most notably, 'knowledge' instead of 'cognition' for the German word 'erkenntnis'). Guyer and Wood is supposed to be more faithful to the original, but also contains some errors, and is slightly harder to read. I will be lecturing from Kemp Smith, but either translation is acceptable. You may wish to purchase this book. If you cannot you should ensure you have access to a library copy as it will be essential for every week of the course. (Note that the Kemp Smith translation is available for free on the internet, although not in a particularly easily readable format. http://staffweb.hkbu.edu.hk/ppp/cpr/toc.html ) Jonathan Bennett has created a version of the Critique of Pure Reason which is 'prepared with a view to making [it] easier to read while leaving intact the main arguments, doctrines, and lines of thought'. You can find it at http://www.earlymoderntexts.com/f_kant.html This is no substitute for reading the original text, but it may be a helpful guide to understanding the general line of argument. Another highly recommended book is Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason by Sebastian Gardner (Routledge, 1999). This book is one of the best commentaries on the Critique and is an easier read than the Critique itself. It is strongly recommended that you read the passages of this book corresponding to the topics for each lecture (these are detailed in the reading list). Kant published his Prolegomena to Any Future Metaphysics shortly after the first edition of the Critique in an effort to render the claims of the latter more easily understandable. The Prolegomena follows a similar course to the Critique but is easier to read. Given this, it may be a useful companion to your reading of the main text. Roger Scruton’s Kant: a very short introduction provides a very concise introduction to the Critique and would be a good place to start should you want to do some preparatory reading (though this is not expected or required). Paul Guyer’s edited volumes The Cambridge Companion to Kant and The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy contain a number of useful papers on topics from the Critique , many of which are on the reading list. Likewise for Graham Bird's edited volume A Companion to Kant published by Wiley-Blackwell. Below is a list of readings for each topic. The essential reading from the Critique is marked by an asterisk. Very important or particularly useful readings for each topic are in bold. Note that though the list of readings for each topic is very long, you are not expected or required to read the whole list. Obviously, you will need to read more sources for any topics you choose to write your essay/exam answers on. I have included as many sources as possible for each topic so that you have plenty of options for sources when researching your essay and exam topics. In some cases I have listed a book without specifying particular pages/chapters. In these cases, the whole book is

Page 6 of 13 relevant to the topic and you should feel free to pick and choose the chapters/sections that you find most useful. You may also find reading off the list, e.g. following up an interesting citation in something that is on the list. If you are unsure what is worth pursuing feel free to ask me for guidance.

Note: NB: * Signifies essential reading Very important/useful readings are marked in bold

Topic 1: Kant’s Motivations and the Historical Context

* Kant, I., Critique of Pure Reason , Preface to both editions and the Introduction Kant, I., ‘Letter to Marcus Herz 1772’ in Kant, I., Correspondence , edited by A. Zweig, Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 132-139 Kant, I., Prolegomena, edited by Gary Hatfield, Cambridge University Press 1997, revised edition 2004. Preface, Preamble & General Question (4:255 – 4:280) (note: other translations are available) Allison, H., Kant’s Transcendental Idealism 2nd edition, Yale University Press, 2004, pp. 1-49, 77-96 Bird, G. General Introduction to Blackwell Companion to Kant pp.1-9 Bird, G., The Revolutionary Kant , Open Court, 2006, pp. 19-77 Broad, C. D. Kant: An Introduction , Cambridge University Press, 1978, pp.1-15 Gardner, S., Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason, pp. 1-64 Strawson, P. F., The Bounds of Sense, London: Methuen, 1966, pp.15-24, 38-44 Walker, R., Kant, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978, Chapter 1 Wilkerson, T., Kant’s ‘Critique of Pure Reason’, Oxford Clarendon Press, 1976, Chapter 1

Topic 2: Transcendental Arguments

Brueckner, A., 'Modest Transcendental Arguments'. Philosophical Perspectives 10 (1996) pp.265-80. Cassam, Q. The Possibility of Knowledge (Oxford: Clarendon, 2007) ch 1&2 Putnam, H., 'Brains in a Vat' in his Reason, Truth and History (CUP, 1981). Reprinted in K. DeRose and T. Warfield, eds., Skepticism: A Contemporary Reader , (OUP, 1999). Stapleford, S., Kant’s Transcendental Arguments: Disciplining Pure Reason , Continuum, 2008 *Stern, R., Transcendental Arguments: Problems and Prospects , Oxford Clarendon Press, 1999, Introduction Stern, R., 'Transcendental Arguments: a Plea for Modesty'. Grazer Philosophische Studien 74 (2007) pp.143-61 Strawson, P. F., The Bounds of Sense, London: Methuen, 1966 Strawson, P. F. Individuals Methuen: London and New York, 1959 Stroud, B., 'Transcendental Arguments.' Journal of Philosophy 65 (1968) pp.241- 56 Stroud, B. 'Kantian arguments, conceptual capacities, and invulnerability.' In P. Parrini (Ed.), Kant and contemporary epistemology . Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1994; reprinted in Stroud Understanding human knowledge: Philosophical Essays. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

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Walker, R., 'Kant and Transcendental Arguments' in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy , Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 238-269

Topic 3: The Aesthetic

* Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, A19-49/B33-73 Kant, Prolegomena , §§ 6-13 Allison, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism 2nd edition, pp. 97-132 Bennett, Kant’s Analytic , Cambridge University Press, 1966, §§ 1,5, 9-17, 19-20, 33-44 Bird, The Revolutionary Kant , pp. 97-109, 130-193 Cassam, Q. ‘Space and Objective Experience’ in Bermudez J. L. ed. Thought, Reference, and Experience: Themes from the Philosophy of Gareth Evans (Oxford University Press, 2009) Evans, G. ‘Things Without the Mind—A Commentary upon Chapter Two of Strawson’s Individuals ’ in Zak van Straaten ed. Philosophical Subjects: Essays presented to P. F. Strawson (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980) reprinted in his Collected Papers (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985) pp.249-290 Gardner, S., Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason , pp. 65-85 Hatfield, G., 'Kant on the Perception of Space (and Time)' in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy , Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 61-94 Hintikka, J., ‘Kant and the Mathematical Method’ in Posy, C. J., (ed.) Kant’s Philosophy of Mathematics: Modern Essays , Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1992, pp. 21-42 Kitcher, P., ‘Kant and the Foundations of Mathematics’ in Posy (ed.) Kant’s Philosophy of Mathematics: Modern Essays, pp. 109-133 Parsons, C., ‘The Transcendental Aesthetic’ in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant , Cambridge University Press, 1992 Shabel, L., 'Kant's Philosophy of Mathematics' in Guyer (ed.) Th Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy , Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 94-129 Strawson, The Bounds of Sense , pp. 47-71 Strawson, P. F. (1959) Individuals (Methuen: London and New York 1984) Ch 2 Walker, R., Kant, (Routledge 1982) Chapters 3-5 Walsh, W., Kant’s Criticism of Metaphysics, §§ 3-5

Topic 4a: Transcendental Idealism

Allais, L., 'Kant's Idealism and the Secondary Quality Analogy' in Journal of the History of Philosophy , Volume 45, Number 3, July 2007, pp. 459-484 Allison, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism 2nd edition, pp. 1-75 Allison, ‘Transcendental Realism, Empirical Realism and Transcendental Idealism’ in Kantian Review, volume 11, 2006, pp. 1-28 Allison, ‘Transcendental Idealism: a Retrospective’ in Allison, H., Idealism and Freedom , Cambridge University Press, 1996 Ameriks, K., 'The Critique of Metaphysics: Kant and Traditional Ontology' in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant , Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 249-280 Ameriks, K., ‘Recent Work on Kant’s Theoretical Philosophy’ reprinted in Ameriks, K., Interpreting Kant’s Critiques , Oxford Clarendon Press, 2003 pp. 67-97 Bird, The Revolutionary Kant , pp. 757-773

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Bird, Kant’s Theory of Knowledge , Chapter 1 *Gardner, S., Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason , pp. 87-115, 269-307 Guyer, Kant and the Claims of Knowledge , Chapter 16 Jacobi, F. H., ‘On Transcendental Idealism’ in Jacobi, F. H., The Main Philosophical Writings and the Novel, Allwill, trans. G. di Giovanni, McGill- Queen’s University Press, 1994, pp. 331-338 Matthews, ‘Strawson on Transcendental Idealism’ in Walker (ed.) Kant on Pure Reason Langton, R., Kantian Humility: Our Ignorance of Things in Themselves , Oxford Clarendon Press, 1998, pp. 1-68 (esp. 1-48), 205-219 O'Neill, O., 'Vindicating Reason' in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant , Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 280-309 Pippin R, Kant’s Theory of Form, Yale University Press, Chapter 4 Prichard, Kant’s Theory of Knowledge , Chapter 4 Strawson, The Bounds of Sense , part 4 and pp. 38-42 Van Cleve, J., Problems from Kant , Oxford University Press, 1999

Topic 4b: The start of the Transcendental Analytic

* Kant, Critique of Pure Reason A50-83/B74-116 Allison, H., Kant’s Transcendental Idealism 2nd edition, 133-156 Bennett, Kant’s Analytic , Chapters 6-7 Bird, The Revolutionary Kant , pp. 255-275 Guyer, P., Kant and the Claims of Knowledge , Cambridge University Press, 1987, pp. 333-370 Longuenesse, B., 'Kant on a priori Concepts: The Metaphysical Deduction of the Categories' in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 129-169 Strawson, The Bounds of Sense, pp. 72-85

Topic 5: The Transcendental Deduction

* Kant, Critique of Pure Reason A84-130/B116-169 Kant, Prolegomena, §§ 14-23 Allison, H., Kant’s Transcendental Idealism 2nd edition, 159-201 Ameriks, K., ‘Kant’s Transcendental Deduction as a Regressive Argument’ in Ameriks K., Interpreting Kant’s Critiques , Oxford Clarendon Press, 2001, pp. 51-63 Bird, G., The Revolutionary Kant , pp. 277-387 Bird, G., Kant’s Theory of Knowledge , Routledge and Kegan Paul, Chapters 7-9 Bennett, Kant’s Analytic , Chapters 8-9 Gardner, Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason, pp. 115-165 Guyer, Kant and the Claims of Knowledge, pp.73-154 Guyer, P. ‘The transcendental deduction of the categories’ in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant , Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 123-160 Henrich, D., ‘Identity and Objectivity: an Inquiry into Kant’s Transcendental Deduction’ in Henrich, D., (edited by Richard Velkley and trans. Jeffrey Edwards et al) The Unity of Reason, Harvard University Press, 1994, pp. 123-208 Henrich, D., ‘The Identity of the Subject in the Transcendental Deduction’ in Schaper, E. and Vossenkuhl, W., (eds.) Reading Kant: New Perspectives on Transcendental Arguments and Critical Philosophy , Basil Blackwell, 1989, pp. 250-280

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Henrich, D. "The Proof Structure of Kant's Transcendental Deduction" in Walker, R.C.S. Ed . Kant on Pure Reason (Oxford 1982) pp. 66-81 also in Review of Metaphysics 22 (1968-9) pp. 640-59. Kitcher, P. "Kant's Real Self" in Wood, A . Self and Nature in Kant's Philosophy . Longuenesse, B., Kant and the Capacity to Judge: Sensibility and Discursivity in the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason , Princeton University Press, 1998, pp. 1-59 Rosenberg, J. F. (2005 ) Accessing Kant (Oxford) Chapter 2: "Epistemic Legitimacy: Experiential Unity, First Principles, and Strategy K" pp. 32 - 60 Strawson, The Bounds of Sense, pp. 85-117 Walsh, Kant’s Criticism of Metaphysics, §§ 7-9, 12

Topic 6: Schematism, axioms and anticipations

* Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, A130-176/B169-218 Allison, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism 2nd edition, Ch 8 Bennett, Kant’s Analytic , Ch 10 & 12 Bird, G., The Revolutionary Kant , pp.389-443 Gardner, Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason, pp.165-171 Guyer, Kant and the Claims of Knowledge Ch 6 & 7 Longuenesse, B., Kant and the Capacity to Judge: Sensibility and Discursivity in the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason , Princeton University Press, 1998, Part 2, Ch 4-6 Rosenberg, J. F. (2005 ) Accessing Kant (Oxford) Ch 6 & 7 Strawson, The Bounds of Sense, pp.118-121 Walker, R. C. S. Kant (Routledge 1978) Chapter VII

Topic 7a: The Analogies

* Kant, Critique of Pure Reason, B218-265 Kant, Prolegomena, §§ 26-29 Allison, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism 2nd edition, Ch 9 Bird, The Revolutionary Kant , pp. 445-501 Bird, Kant’s Theory of Knowledge , Chapter 10 Bennett, Kant’s Analytic , Chapters 11, 13, 15 Friedman, M., 'Causal Laws and the Foundations of Natural Science' in Guyer (ed.) The Cambrige Companion to Kant , Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 161-200 Gardner, Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason , pp. 171-179 Guyer, Kant and the Claims of Knowledge , Chapters 8-11 Hume, D. Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975) Ch 4 (other editions available) Hume, D. A Treatise of Human Nature, Book 1.iii., sects. 1, 2 & 14. Melnick, A., Kant’s Analogies of Experience , University of Chicago Press, 1973 Melnick, A., 'Kant's Proofs of Substance and Causation' in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy, Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 203-238 Strawson, The Bounds of Sense, Part 2, Chapter 3 Walker, Kant , Chapter 6

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Topic 7b: The Refutation of Idealism

* Kant, Critique of Pure Reason , B265-315 Kant, Prolegomena , §§ 49 Allison, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism 2nd edition, pp. 275-305 Bennett, Kant’s Analytic , Chapter 14 Bird, The Revolutionary Kant , pp. 501-523, 229-255 Caranti, Kant and the Scandal of Philosophy , University of Toronto Press, 2007, pp. 126- 152 Gardner, Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason, pp. 179-198 Guyer, ‘Kant’s Intentions in the Refutation of Idealism’ in Philosophical Review 92 (3), pp. 329-383 Guyer, Kant and the Claims of Knowledge , pp. 279-329 Prichard, Kant’s Theory of Knowledge , Oxford Clarendon Press, 1909, pp. 319-324 Strawson, The Bounds of Sense , pp. 125-128 Walsh, Kant’s Criticism of Metaphysics, § 33

Topic 8: Transcendental Illusion and The Paralogism

* Kant, Critique of Pure Reason , A293-A405/B349-B432 Kant, Prolegomena , §§ 33, 46-49 Allison, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism 2nd edition, pp. 305-357 Ameriks, K., Kant’s Theory of Mind: an Analysis of the Paralogisms of Pure Reason , Oxford Clarendon Press, 1982, Chapters 1-2, 4 Bennett, Kant’s Dialectic, Cambridge University Press, 1974, Chapters 1, 4-6, 12 Bird, The Revolutionary Kant, pp. 625-661 Buchdahl , Kant and the Dynamics of Reason , Chapters 7-8 Gardner, Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason , pp. 183-188, 209-231 243-245, 255- 257 Hatfield, G., 'Empirical, Rational, and Transcendental Psychology: Psychology as Science and as Philosophy' in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant , Cambridge University Press, 1992, pp. 200-228 Kitcher, P., ‘Kant’s Paralogisms’ in Philosophical Review 91, no. 4, 1982, pp. 515-547 Kitcher, P., Kant's Transcendental Psychology , Oxford University Press, 1990, pp. 3-30, 181-205 Kitcher, P., 'Kant's Philosophy of the Cognitive Mind' in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy , Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 169-203 Powell, T., Kant’s Theory of Self-Consciousness , Oxford Clarendon Press, 1990, Chapters 2-4 Strawson, The Bounds of Sense , pp. 155-174 Walsh, ‘Self-Knowledge’ in Walker (ed.) Kant on Pure Reason, Oxford University Press, 1982

Topic 9: The Antinomy

* Kant, Critique of Pure Reason , A405-A567/B432-B595 Kant, Prolegomena , §§ 50-55

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Allison, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism 2nd edition , pp. 357-396 Allison, H., Kant’s Theory of Freedom , Cambridge University Press, 1990, Part 1 Allison, H., 'Kant on Freedom of the Will' in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant and Modern Philosophy , Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 381-416 Allison, ‘Transcendental Realism, Empirical Realism and Transcendental Idealism’ in Kantian Review, volume 11, 2006, pp. 1-28 Al-Azm, S., The Origins of Kant’s Arguments in the Antinomies , Oxford Clarendon Press, 1972 Bennett, Kant’s Dialectic , Chapters 7-10 Bird, The Revolutionary Kant , pp. 661-721 Bird, Kant’s Theory of Knowledge , Chapter 12 Gardner, Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason , pp. 231-237, 245-255, 257-265, 267- 270 Grier, M. "The Logic of Illusion and the Antinomies" in Bird, G. ed . A Companion to Kant (Blackwell 2010) pp.192 – 206 Korner, S., ‘Kant’s Conception of Freedom’ in Proceedings of the British Academy 53, 1967, pp. 193-217 Matthews, H., ‘Kant’s Transcendental Idealism’ in Walker (ed.) Kant on Pure Reason Nelkin, D. K. ‘Two Standpoints and the Belief in Freedom’ in The Journal of Philosophy , Vol. 97, No. 10 (Oct., 2000), pp. 564-576 Posy, C., ‘Dancing to the Antinomy: a Proposal for Transcendental Idealism’ in American Philosophical Quarterly 20, 1983, pp. 81-94 Strawson, The Bounds of Sense , pp. 175-215 Wood, A., ‘Kant’s Compatibilism’ in Wood (ed.) Self and Nature in Kant’s Philosophy , Cornell University Press, 1984

Topic 10: The Ideal

* Kant, Critique of Pure Reason , A567-630/B595-658 Kant, Prolegomena , §§ 43-44, 55, 57-59 Allison, Kant’s Transcendental Idealism 2nd edition, pp. 396-423 Baumer, W., ‘Kant on Cosmological Arguments’ in L. W. Beck (ed.) Kant Studies Today , Open Court, 1969 Bennett, Kant’s Dialectic , Chapter 11 Bird, The Revolutionary Kant, pp. 721-727 Gardner, Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason , pp. 237-243 265-267 Longuenesse, B. ‘The transcendental ideal, and the unity of the critical system’ in Kant on the Human Standpoint (Cambridge University Press: 2005) pp.211-235 McGinn, C. ‘Existence’ in Logical Properties: Identity, Existence, Predication, Necessity, Truth (Oxford 2000) Platinga, A., ‘Kant’s Objection to the Ontological Argument’ in Journal of Philosophy 63, 1966, pp. 537-546 Strawson, The Bounds of Sense, pp. 221-231 Walsh, Kant’s Criticism of Metaphysics , §§ 37-40 Wood, ‘Rational Theology, Moral Faith, and Religion’ in Guyer (ed.) The Cambridge Companion to Kant

Additional: Kant’s Reception and Legacy

Ameriks, K., ‘Hegel’s Critique of Kant’s Theoretical Philosophy’ in Philosophy and

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