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Home , Input device, Optical mouse, Pointing device, Pointing stick

Computer Basics

1  Identify and describe the most common devices  Identify and describe the most common output devices  Identify and describe storage devices  Identify and describe how input and output devices are connected to the

2  However, it needs help! Input, which is the data or instructions, must be entered into the computer.  After the data is entered and processed, it needs to be “presented” to the user. We have special devices for these tasks and refer to them as input and output devices.

3 •Input devices enable you to input data and commands into the computer.

•Output devices enable the computer to give you the results for the processed data.

•Some devices can perform both of these tasks. The fax machine and modems are examples of this, as both these devices send (output) and receive (input) data over communications media. 4  Input devices enable you to input data and commands into the computer.

 The type of used is determined by the task to be completed.

 An input device can be as simple as the keyboard or as sophisticated as those used for specialized applications such as voice or retinal recognition.

5 • The Keyboard is the most commonly used input device for entering numeric and alphabetic data into the computer • A wide variety of are available:  Ergonomic  Wireless  Specialized  Security  Flexible Biometric fingerprint reader

6  A is an input device that allows a user to position the pointer on the screen.

 The pointer can have several shapes, but the most common is an arrow.

 You can use the pointing device to select objects, click buttons, icons, items and links.

7  The mouse is the most commonly used pointing device for personal computers.

 It moves around on a flat surface and controls the pointer (arrow) on the computer screen.

 The mouse fits conveniently in the palm of your hand.

 There are four types of mice

8  This type of mouse has a ball located on the bottom that rolls on a flat surface as the mouse is moved. inside the mouse determines the direction and distance of movement.  A mouse pad generally is used with a mechanical mouse.

9  This mouse is the same as the mechanical mouse, but uses optical sensors to detect motion of the ball.

10  An uses a laser to detect the mouse’s movement. Optical mice have no mechanical moving parts. They respond more quickly and precisely than mechanical and optomechanical mice.

11  A wireless mouse is a battery- powered device that relies on or radio waves to communicate with the computer.

12  You will use the left button for mouse operations.  Generally, clicking the right button displays the context . The type of actions will depend on the program you are currently using.

13  Pointing: placing the on-screen pointer at a designated location  Clicking: pressing and releasing the to select a specific location within a document  Dragging: pressing down the mouse button and moving while continuing to hold down the button to highlight a selected portion of text  Double-clicking: pressing and releasing the mouse button two times in rapid successions to select a word

14  Triple-clicking: pressing and releasing the mouse button three times in rapid succession to select a paragraph  Right-clicking: pressing the right mouse button to display a menu  Rotate wheel: rotating wheel on the mouse forward or backward to scroll vertically through a document screen  Tilt wheel: pressing the mouse’s rotate wheel right or left to scroll horizontally

15  The is a pointing device that works like a mouse turned upside down, as the ball is on the top of the device.  You use your thumb or fingers to operate the ball, thus controlling the pointer on the screen.

16  The is also pointing devices mainly used in .

 The joystick consists of plastic or metal rod mounted on a base.  You can move the rod in any directions.

 Some have switches or buttons that can input data in an on/off response. 17  The wheel is a steering- wheel type of pointing device used to simulate driving a vehicle.  Most wheels also include foot pedals used for braking and acceleration actions.

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 A pointing stick is a pressure-sensitive device that looks like a pencil eraser. It is locate on the keyboard, generally between the G, H and B keys.  It is moved with the forefinger, while the thumb is used to press related keys.

19 There are a variety of other input devices available, most of which are used for special application.

20  Graphic Tablet, also called a digitizing tablet, is a flat drawing surface on which the user can draw figures or write something freehand.

 Touch Display Screen is a special screen with pictures or shapes. You use your fingers to “point” to the desired object to make a selection

21  and digital pen are pen-like writing instruments. These devices allow the user to input information by writing on a PDA or other or to use the pen as a pointer.

22  Audio Input is the process of inputting sound into the computer. This could include speech, sound effects and music.  Audio Input includes , CD/DVD players, radios, and other devices such as electronic keyboards.

23  Voice input is a category of audio input. Voice recognition devices are used to “speak” commands into the computer and to enter text.  The computer must have some type of voice recognition software installed.

24  is a device commonly used on computers. To move the pointer, you slide your fingertips across the surface of the pad.  To imitate the mouse operations, clicking, tap or double-tap the surface of the touchpad.

25  A scanner is a device that can change images into codes for input into the computer.  Scanners come in a variety of sizes, shapes and types, including the following:

26  Image Scanners convert images into an electronic form that can be stored in a computer’s memory. The image can then be manipulated.  Bar Code Scanners read bar lines that are printed on products in a store.

27  These devices read coded information on the back of credit cards. The magnetic strip on the back of the cards contains the encoded user’s account number.

28  These devices use a light source to read characters, marks, and Optical codes. Scanner  The data is converted into digital data.  Banks use OCR technology to scan checks. Bluetooth  OMR can be used for Scanner testing purposes. 29  The pictures taken with a are stored digitally and then transferred to the computer’s memory.  Digital cameras use a variety of mobile storage media to store the images including: • Flash • Memory Stick • USB • Mini-disc

30  Consists of solid-state storage devices.

 After the pictures are transferred to the computer, they can be viewed quickly and any imperfections can be edited with photo- editing software.

31  Video Input is the process of capturing full-motion images with a type of video camera and then saving the video on a storage medium such as a hard drive, CD or DVD.  After the video is saved, you can view and edit it.

32 A digital video (DV) camera records video as digital signals: some cameras also capture still images. Some are just a little larger than a credit card.

33  The PC Video Camera is a type of digital cameras that allows the user to send live images over the Internet, make video telephone calls, and send e-mail messages with video attachments.

34  A Web camera, or is a real-time camera that displays images through the World Wide Web.  The camera may be built into your monitor, or you can attach one an existing monitor.

35  Biometrics is an authentication technique using automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristics.  Biometric devices consist of a reader or scanning device, and software that converts scanned information into a digital format.  The scanned information is then compared to a database of stored biometric data.

36 Some of the more common types of recognition are: Fingerprint Face Handwriting Voice

37  Retina (analysis of the capillary vessels located at the back of an eye)  Hand Geometry (analysis of the shape of the hand and length of the fingers)  Vein (analysis of the pattern of veins on the back of the hand and the wrist)

38  Enrollment: The user enrolls in the system by establishing a baseline measurement for comparison.  Submission: The user presents biological proof of his or her identity to the capture system.  Verification: The system compares the submitter sample with the stored sample.

39  Privacy and civil liberties advocates ‘s are concerned about the widespread adoption of biometric systems. • Concerns that third parties can access the data without an individual’s consent • Eroding of an individual’s control over the uses of their information

40  Several companies now offer biometric computer keyboards and USB flash drives with fingerprint authentication that can be used for personal applications.

41  Visual Devices uses the synchronized position of light emitting and sensing devices to detect user impact.

Virtual Piano Keyboard Virtual computer keyboard

42  The Touch-Sensitive Pad on a portable device, such as an iPod, enables the user to scroll through and adjust the volume, play music, view videos or pictures, and customize settings.

43  As data is entered in the computer and processed, it is stored in RAM (temporary memory). If you want to keep a permanent copy of the data, you must store it on some type of storage medium

44  The more popular types of storage medium technology are: USB Drives CD or DVD Solid State Storage Tape  Storage devices are categorized by the method they use to store data: • Magnetic Technology • Optical Technology • Solid-State Technology

45  Magnetic storage devices use oxide-coated plastic storage media called Mylar. • As the disk rotates in the computer, an electromagnetic read/write head stores or retrieves data in circles called tracks. • The tracks are numbered from the outside to the inside. • Each track is labeled and the location is kept on a log on the disk called a file allocation table (FAT) • The most common types of magnetic storage media are , hard drives and magnetic tape. 46  A floppy disk, usually called a disk, is a flat circle of iron oxide-coated plastic enclosed in a hard plastic case.  Most floppy disks are 3 ½ inches in diameter and hold 1.44 MB or more of data.

47  To protect unwanted data from being added to or removed from a disk, write protection is provided. • To write-protect a disk, open the write-protect window on the disk.

Since the introduction of USB drives and solid-state storage media, floppy disks are becoming obsolete.

48  Most hard disks (also called hard disk drives) are used to store data inside the computer, although removable external hard disks are available.  They provide two advantages: 1. Speed: access data faster 2. Capacity: larger amount of data can be stored  The size of the hard drive is measured by megabytes or gigabytes.

49  Companies and other organizations use magnetic tape mostly for making back-up copies of large volumes of data.  This is a very slow process and not used regularly.  The tape can be used if data on the hard drive needs to be replaced.

50 Type of Use: Optical CD = Compact Disk Device DVD = Digital Versatile Disc HD = High Density CD-DA Digital Audio format for music publishing CD-R Recordable format – Cannot be rewritten CD-ROM Read Only Stores up to 680 MB (450 floppy drives) CD-RW Read and Writable multiple times DVD-ROM Read Only Memory DVD-R Recordable format – Cannot be rewritten DVD-RW Read and Writable – more capacity than CD HD-DVD High Density DVD – more expensive Blue-Ray 100 – 200 GB storage capacity – predicted to replace CDs

51 Solid-State Storage is a nonvolatile removable medium that uses integrated circuits. The main advantage to this type of storage medium is that everything is processed electronically, and it contains no mechanical parts.

52  There are several types of solid-state storage available including miniature mobile media solid state-storage for: • Camera • PDAs • Music Players

53  The USA Flash Drive, also known by other names such as a keydrive, thumb drive, dump drive, USB drive and USB stick.

54  Removable storage media requires special care to keep your data safe: • Keep away from magnetic field such as those contained in televisions and computer monitors • Avoid extreme temperatures • Remove media from drives and store them when not used.

55 • When handling CDs and , hold them at the edge • Never try to remove the media from a drive when the drive indicator light is on • Keep disks in a sturdy case when transporting • Don’t play fetch with the dog using any media storage device as a Frisbee

56  You can now save, store, manage, share and collaborate your files on the Web for free or a fee through providers such as: • SharePoint (Businesses and Organizations) • Windows Live SkyDrive • ICloud (Apple) • Google Apps for businesses • Google Docs for individuals

57  Output is data that has been processes into a useful format, such as: Printed Text Spoken Words Music Pictures Video Graphics  The most common output devices are monitors and printers, that will display the information. 58  Desktop computers typically use a monitor as their display device. The screen is part of the monitor, which also houses its electrical components. The screen output is called soft copy, because it is temporary.

59  The cathode ray tube (CRT) was one of the earliest models. This type of monitor was similar to a standard television set and can be either monochrome or color.  Monochrome monitor screen had one color display and could be white, green or amber.

60  Color monitors display thousands of colors. Most of today’s monitors are color.  CRT monitors are available in various sizes, with the more common being 17, 19, and 21-inch.

61  Flat-panel monitors come in two varieties: • Liquid crystal display (LCD) • Gas plasma.  Both types are more expensive than CRT monitors, but they do take up less space

62 Until recently, LCD panels were used primarily on notebook computers and other mobile devices such as cell phones and PDAs. In 1997, several manufacturers started producing full-size LCD panels as alternatives to CRT monitors.

63  The gas illuminates miniature colored fluorescent lights arranged in a panel- like screen. These monitors have a brilliant color display and are available in sizes up to 60 inches.

64  Printers are used to produce a paper or hard copy of the processing results.  There are several types of printers available with tremendous differences in speed, print quality, price and special features.

65  Speed: speed is measured in pages per minute (ppm). Graphics take longer to print than text.  Print Quality: Print quality is measured in dots per inch (dpi). The more dpi, the higher the resolution or print quality.  Price: The price includes the original cost of the printer as well as what it cost to maintain it, including ink.

66  Printers are classified as either impact or nonimpact. • Impact printers use a mechanism that actually strikes the paper to form letters and images. Dot matrix printers are impact printers. • Nonimpact printers form characters without striking the paper. Laser printers are nonimpact printers.

67  A laser printer produces images using the same technology as copier machines. The image is made with a type of powder called toner.  The laser printer produces high-quality output.  The cost of a laser printer has decreased, but still can be quite expensive.

68 How a laser printer works

69  Inkjet printers provide good quality color printing for less money, Inkjet printers also print on other materials, such as iron-on-t-shirts transfers, card stock for greeting cards, labels and transparencies.  Unlike earlier versions of the inkjet printer, newer versions can also use regular photocopy paper.  The quality is determined by its resolution, which is measured by the number of dots per inch (dpi) the printer can print.

70 How an inkjet printer works

71  Dot matrix printers: print by transferring ink to the paper by striking a ribbon with pins.  The higher number of pins (dpi) the better the resolution.  The printhead is the mechanism that actually does the printing.

72  The speed of the dot matrix printer is measured in characters per second (cps).  Due to the reduction of cost for the laser and inkjet printers, the dot matrix printers are used less often.

73  A variation of the dot matrix printer is the line printer.  This type of high-speed printer is attached primarily to large computers such as mainframes or mid- range servers.

74  Thermal Printer: forms characters by heating paper. It requires special heat- sensitive paper.  Mobil Printer: is a small battery-powered printer.  Label and Postage Printer can do labels of various sizes and also has a built in digital scale and prints postage stamps.  /large-format Printer is used by engineers, architects and graphic artists.

75  Speakers and Headsets to generate sound, such as music or instruction.  Fax Machines and Fax Modems transmit and receive documents over a telephone line or through a computer

76  Multifunction provides a combination of various output options such as printing, scanning, copying and faxing  Data Projectors projects the computer image onto a screen, mostly used for presentations

77  Input and Output devices must be connected to the computer.  You can plug the cable for a physical device into an existing port located in the back or front of the computer. Some monitors also have ports.

78  What did you learn that was new?  What did you enjoy?  What will you remember about this lesson?  What can we do to make the lesson better?

Special acknowledgements to the following for the use of information and photos for this Power Point presentation:  Computer Concepts 4E – Dolores Wells – Course Technology CENGAGE Learning - ISBN-10: 1-4239-0461-3 and ISBN-13: 978-1-4239-0461-8  Google Images

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