DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter 1: Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter 1: Introduction EARLY RELEASE “State of Plastics Waste in Asia and the-Pacific - Issues, Challenges and Circular Economic Opportunities” Draft Report Coordinated by Supported by The“State Secretariat of of the Plastics Regional 3R Forum Waste in Asia inand theAsia andMinistry the of the- PacificEnvironment, -Government Issues, of Pacific,Challenges and Circular EconomicJapan (MOEJ) Opportunities” Office of Sound Material Cycle United Nations Centre for Regional Development Society, Waste Management and Recycling (UNCRD) Department a | P a g e Copyright© UNCRD, 2019 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific ([email protected]) would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the UNCRD. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the UNCRD as well as MOEJ concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the UNCRD, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. b | P a g e Mission Statement of UN DESA The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social, and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (a) it compiles, generates, and analyses a wide range of economic, social, and environmental data and information on which States Members of the United Nations draw to review common problems and to take stock of policy options; (b) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (c) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. Relationship between UNCRD and UN DESA The United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) is a project of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations (UN DESA) and, has been administered by the Division for Sustainable Development Goals (DSDG). UNCRD's vision is to achieve sustainable living environment for all - safe, secure, equitable and inclusive development in harmony with nature. The Centre's mission is to assist developing countries in their transition to sustainable development path. Regional development planning and management is an effective set of tools that UNCRD is prioritizing to realize its vision and mission through guiding subnational, national and international actions towards bridging the social, economic and environmental disparities within a region or among different regions. In response to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its underlined Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), UNCRD's interventions in developing countries are clustered under three main thematic interrelated and complementary areas of work - (a) Integrated Regional Development Planning; (b) Sustainable Urban Management; and (c) Knowledge Management. The Centre’s operations have benefited greatly from the cooperative relationship with UN DESA and its valuable and consistent support. c | P a g e Coordinated by: The Secretariat of the Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific, United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD) Nagono 1-47-1, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya 450-0001, Japan Tel: (+81)-52-561-9377, Fax: (+81)-52-561-9375 Email: [email protected] URL: http://www.uncrd.or.jp Supported by: Ministry of the Environment, Government of Japan (MOEJ) Office of Sound Material Cycle Society, Waste Management and Recycling Department 1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 100-8975, Japan Tel: (+81)-3-5521-8336, Fax: (+81)-3-3593-8262 URL: http://www.env.go.jp/en/index.html d | P a g e Authors and Acknowledgements This report was commissioned by the Secretariat of the Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific with inputs from the members countries of the Forum. The report was discussed and reviewed at the Ninth Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific held in Bangkok, Thailand on 4-6 March 2019. UNCRD would like to express its sincere gratitude to all the member countries as well as expert members of the Forum for their valuable contribution and inputs. e | P a g e Abbreviations ABS Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ADB Asian Development Bank AIT Asian Institute of Technology APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations BPA Bisphenol CRED Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DALYs Disability Adjusted Life Years DDTs Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes D-P-S-I-R Drivers, Pressures, State, Impact and Response EDC Endocrine Disorders EPR Extended Producer Responsibility EPS Expanded Polystyrene FICCI Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry GDP Gross Domestic Product GEO Global Environment Outlook GHG Green House Gas GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit GNI Gross National Income GT Gigaton HDPE High Density Polyethylene ISWA International Solid Waste Association JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LBSA land based sources and activities LCA Life Cycle Assessment LDPE Low density Polyethylene LLDPE Linear Low Density Polyethylene MBI Market Based Instruments MoEJ Ministry of Environment Japan MSW Municipal Solid Waste NGO Non Government Organization OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PA Polyamide (aliphatic) PAN Polyacrylonitrile PBDE Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether PBT Polybutylene Terephthalate f | P a g e PC Polycarbonate PE Polyethylene PE-HD / PE-MD Polyethylene – high and medium density PE-LD - PE-LLD Polyethylene – low and linear low density PEMRG Plastics Europe Market Research Group PES Polyster PES Polyester PET Polyethylene Terephthalate PFOA Pentadecafluorooctanoic Acid PICT Pacific Island Countries and Territories PMMA Poly(methyl) methacrylate PP Polypropylene PRC People's Republic of China PS Polystyrene PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene PUR Polyurethane PVC Polyvinyl Chloride PWD Public Works Department RandD Research and Development RSPs Regional Seas Programmes SCCP Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins SDG Sustainable Development Goal SPREP Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme SWM Solid Waste Management TPES Total Primary Energy Supply ULB Urban Local Bodies UNCRD United Nations Centre for Regional Development UNDESA United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEA UN Environemnt Assembly UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency UV Ultra Voilet VCM Vinyl Chloride Monomer WMF Waste Minimization Fund WtE Waste to Energy Zn Zinc g | P a g e Table of Contents Authors and Acknowledgements ................................................................................. e Abbreviations ................................................................................................................. f List of Figures ................................................................................................................. j List of Tables .................................................................................................................. l Preface ............................................................................................................................ o Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... i Chapter 1: Introduction ............................................................................................... 1 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Economic Profile ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Environmental Profile .......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Plastic Waste Management .................................................................................. 3 1.4 Relevance of (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) 3R, Practices and connectivity to SDGs and its Targets ...................................................................................................... 4 1.5 Scope of the Report .............................................................................................. 6 Chapter 2: Material Cycle of Plastic ......................................................................... 11 2.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 11 2.1 Material Cycle of Plastic ...................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 237 Keanekaragaman Jenis Neogastropoda Di Teluk Lampung
    Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kelautan Tropis, Vol. 8, No. 1, Hlm. 237-248, Juni 2016 KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS NEOGASTROPODA DI TELUK LAMPUNG DIVERSITY OF NEOGRASTOPODA IN LAMPUNG BAY Hendrik A.W. Cappenberg Pusat Penelitian Oseanografi (P2O) ± LIPI, Jakarta E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The research was conducted in April 2008 and March 2009, in the Lampung Bay on six locations: Lahu, Ringgung, Hurun Bay, Mutun, Pelabuhan Panjang, and Sebalang. The aims of this research were to determine the diversity of neogastropod and their condition in this bay. The neogastropod samples were collected by using square transect method. A total number of 176 individuals of neo- gastropod consisted of 15 species which were belong to 6 families were collected from the bay. Mo- rula Margariticola and Morula sp. (Muricidae) were the dominance species with relatively wide dis- tribution. The diversity index (H‘) ranged between 0,90 ± 2,10. The evenness index (e) ranged between 0.65 ± 0.91, and the species dominant index (C) ranged between 0.15 ± 0.49. The overall calculation indicated that the diversity of neogastropod in the Lampung Bay was relatively low. Comparison the diversiry of neogastropod from the other various areas in the coastal zone of Indonesia was also dis- cussed in this paper. Keywords: diversity, neogastropod, Lampung Bay. ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April 2008 dan Maret 2009 di Teluk Lampung yaitu di Lahu, Ringgung, Teluk Hurun, Mutun, Pelabuhan Panjang dan Sebalang, bertujuan untuk mengetahui kom- posisi, distribusi, dan keragaman jenis neogastropoda. Contoh jenis neogastropoda didapat dengan menggunakan metode transek kuadrat. Total 176 individu neogastropoda yang ditemukan terdiri atas 15 jenis dan mewakili 5 suku.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mangal of Sinai: Limits of an Ecosystem
    Helgoi~nder wiss. Meeresunters. 30, 295-314 (1977) The mangal of Sinai: Limits of an ecosystem F. D. PoR 1, I. DOR 2 & A. AMIR 2 1 Department of Zoology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem, Israel, and 2 Oceanography Program, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Jerusalem, Israel ABSTRACT: The northernmost mangrove forests of the Red Sea are described. Temperature and salinity conditions were found to be extreme, obviously reducing the diversity of the ecosystem and presumably setting the geographical limits of its distribution. The Sinai mangal grows on hard fossil coral bottom, without any influence of estuarine sedimentation. Primary production of the open Red Sea waters is extremely low, therefore, the rich biomass of the Sinai mangal is built up by an autarkic nutrient recycling system. Several biotic zones within the Sinai mangal are described following an inshore-offshore transect. Vertical zonation of algae and animals on the aerial roots of Avicennia is discussed. The Sinai mangal, "Shura" by its local name, is proposed as an ideal model for the study of trophic relations within the mangrove biome. INTRODUCTION The mangrove forests or "mangal" (MacNae, 1968) are a typical life community of the tropical shores. Although equal in importance to coral reefs, as far as fre- quency is concerned, mangrove forests have been little studied as integral ecosystems. Much has been written about the phytosociology of the mangrove trees, but studies including also algal and animal associates are rare (Walsh, 1974). The Sinai mangrove was first mentioned by Ascherson (1887) and the mangroves of the Egyptian African coast by Kassas & Zahran (i967).
    [Show full text]
  • Current Status of Philippine Mollusk Museum Collections and Research, and Their Implications on Biodiversity Science and Conservation
    Philippine Journal of Science 147 (1): 123-163, March 2018 ISSN 0031 - 7683 Date Received: 28 Feb 2017 Current Status of Philippine Mollusk Museum Collections and Research, and their Implications on Biodiversity Science and Conservation Dino Angelo E. Ramos2*, Gizelle A. Batomalaque1,3, and Jonathan A. Anticamara1,2 1Ecology and Taxonomy Academic Group (ETAG), Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines 2UP Biology Invertebrate Museum, Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101 Philippines 3Department of Biodiversity, Earth, and Environmental Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 USA Mollusks are an invaluable resource in the Philippines, but recent reviews on the status of museum collections of mollusks or research trends in the country are lacking. Such assessments can contribute to a more comprehensive evaluation of natural history museums in the Philippines, as well as biodiversity management. This review showed that local museums in the Philippines have much to improve in terms of their accessibility and geographic coverage in order to effectively cater to research and conservation needs of the country. Online access to databases was lacking for local museums, making it cumbersome to retrieve collection information. The UST museum held the most species and subspecies across all museums (4899), comparable to the national museums of countries such as the USA and France. In terms of size, there were larger Philippine mollusk collections in museums abroad. Majority of mollusk specimens come from Regions 4 and 7, while the CAR and Region 12 were least sampled. Publications on Philippine mollusks are dominated by taxonomic and biodiversity research.
    [Show full text]
  • YR Rumpeniak, a Hiariej, DE Sahertian E-ISSN : 2684 – 804X 10
    Y R Rumpeniak, A Hiariej, D E Sahertian E-ISSN : 2684 – 804X RUMPHIUS PATTIMURA BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL Vol 1, No 2, 2019, pp 010 – 019 E-ISSN : 2684 – 804X INVENTARISASI JENIS - JENIS LAMUN (SEAGRASS) DAN ASOSIASINYA DENGAN GASTROPODA DIPERAIRAN PANTAI DESA POKA KECAMATAN TELUK AMBON KOTA AMBON PROVINSI MALUKU Yusuf R. Rumpeniak1, Adriana Hiariej1*, Dece Elisabeth Sahertian1 1Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Pattimura, Indonesia *Corresponding Author e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis - jenis lamun (seagrass) dan asosiasinya dengan gastropoda di perairan pantai desa Poka kecamatan teluk Ambon kota Ambon provinsi Maluku. Peletakan garis transek di dasarkan pada keberadaan padang lamun, pengambilan sampel lamun dan gastrooda dilakukan pada transek yang sama, menggunakan metode transek kuadran 1×1 m. Identifikasi sampel dilakukan Laboratorium Balai Konservasi Biota Laut LIPI Ambon. Lamun yang ditemukan ada 3 spesies yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Holophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis. Gastropoda yang ditemukan sebanyak 10 spesies yaitu Polinices mammilla, Natica vitellusi, Strombus labiatus, Strombus urceus, Bursa tuberosissima, Liotina peronii, Conus coronatus, Conus moriculatus, Nassarius pullus, Nassarius limnaeiformis.Terdapat asosiasi positif antara lamun dan gastropoda yang berarti bahwa spesies-spesies tersebut cenderung ditemukan bersama-sama disetiap petak pengamatan dan menunjukan adanya toleransi untk hidup bersama-sama atau ada hubungan timbale balik yang saling menguntungkan. Kata Kunci: Lamun, Gastropoda, Asosiasi, Pantai desa Poka PENDAHULUAN Kawasan pesisir dan laut di Indonesia memegang peranan penting, karena kawasan ini memiliki nilai strategis berupa potensi sumber daya alam dan jasad- jasad lingkungan yang disebut sumber daya pesisir sebagai wilayah trofik perairan laut pesisir. Indonesia mempunyai keanekaragaman hayati yang cukup tinggi seperti hutan mangrove, padang lamun, terumbu karang, ikan, mamalia, reptilian dan berbagai jenis moluska.
    [Show full text]
  • A Marine Rapid Assessment of the Raja Ampat Islands, Papua Province, Indonesia
    Rapid Assessment Program 22 RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment Center for Applied Biodiversity A Marine Rapid Assessment Science (CABS) of the Raja Ampat Islands, Conservation International (CI) Papua Province, Indonesia University of Cenderawasih Indonesian Institute ofSciences (LIPI) Sheila A. McKenna, Gerald R. Allen, Australian Institute of Marine and Suer Suryadi, Editors Science Western Australian Museum RAP Bulletin on Biological Assessment twenty-two April 2002 1 RAP Working Papers are published by: Conservation International Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Department of Conservation Biology 1919 M Street NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20036 USA 202-912-1000 telephone 202-912-9773 fax www.conservation.org www.biodiversityscience.org Editors: Sheila A. McKenna, Gerald R. Allen, and Suer Suryadi Design/Production: Glenda P. Fábregas Production Assistant: Fabian Painemilla Maps: Conservation Mapping Program, GIS and Mapping Laboratory, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International Cover photograph: R. Steene Translations: Suer Suryadi Conservation International is a private, non-profit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501 c(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. ISBN 1-881173-60-7 © 2002 by Conservation International. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Card Catalog Number 2001098383 The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Conservation International or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Any opinions expressed in the RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment are those of the writers and do not necessarily reflect those of CI.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Toxin-Accumulated Nassariids (Neogastropoda: Nassariidae: Nassarius) and Their Implication for Phylogeny
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Toxin-Accumulated Nassariids (Neogastropoda: Nassariidae: Nassarius) and Their Implication for Phylogeny Yi Yang 1, Hongyue Liu 1, Lu Qi 1, Lingfeng Kong 1 and Qi Li 1,2,* 1 Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; [email protected] (Y.Y.); [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (L.Q.); [email protected] (L.K.) 2 Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Town, Qingdao 266237, China * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +86-532-8203-2773 Received: 30 March 2020; Accepted: 12 May 2020; Published: 17 May 2020 Abstract: The Indo-Pacific nassariids (genus Nassarius) possesses the highest diversity within the family Nassariidae. However, the previous shell or radula-based classification of Nassarius is quite confusing due to the homoplasy of certain morphological characteristics. The toxin accumulators Nassarius glans and Nassarius siquijorensis are widely distributed in the subtidal regions of the Indo-Pacific Ocean. In spite of their biological significance, the phylogenetic positions of N. glans and N. siquijorensis are still undetermined. In the present study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of N. glans and N. siquijorensis were sequenced. The present mitochondrial genomes were 15,296 and 15,337 bp in length, respectively, showing negative AT skews and positive GC skews as well as a bias of AT rich on the heavy strand. They contained 13 protein coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and several noncoding regions, and their gene order was identical to most caenogastropods.
    [Show full text]
  • The Biodiversity of Marine Gastropods of Thailand in the Late Decade
    Malaysian Journal of Science 32 (SCS Sp Issue) : 47-64 (2013) The Biodiversity of Marine Gastropods of Thailand in the Late Decade. Kitithorn Sanpanich1*and Teerapong Duangdee2 1Institute of Marine Science, Burapha University, Tambon Saensook, Amphur Moengchonburi, Chonburi, 20131 Thailand. 2Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand. *[email protected] (Corresponding author) ABSTRACT This study is mainly based on the collection of marine gastropods along the east coast of the Gulf of Thailand which had been carried out along the coastline in 55 sites from the province of Chonburi to Trad during April 2005 – December 2009. As many habitats as possible were examined at each sites from sandy beaches, muddy sand, rocky shore, and coral reefs. A total of 306 species of gastropods were collected and had been classifi ed in53families 116genera.The most widespread species were Planaxis sulcatus (Planaxidae) and Polinices mammilla (Naticidae) found in 37 sites, followed by Echinolittorina malaccana (Littorinidae) in 35 sites. The highest diversity was 187 species in Trat whereas Koh Mark had the most abundance in this area. The lowest diversity was in Chanthaburi, 88 species, whereas Koh Nomsoa was the most abundant site.The diversity of gastropods in Chonburi was 152 species, whereas Koh Samaesarn and Koh Juang were the most abundant site. 137 species had been found in Rayong and Koh Munnai was the most abundant site. The data from this study had been compared with the resent studies in the late decade from the west coast of the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea.The total gastropods in the late decade were 454 species 205 genera 69 families.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of Marine Debris on Biodiversity Current Status and Potential Solutions
    Secretariat of the CBD Technical Series No. 67 Convention on Biological Diversity 67 IMPACTS OF MARINE DEBRIS ON BIODIVERSITY Current Status and Potential Solutions CBD Technical Series No. 67 Impacts of Marine Debris on Biodiversity: Current Status and Potential Solutions Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity in collaboration with the Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel—GEF Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity ISBN 92-9225-444-8 Copyright © 2012, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views reported in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Convention on Biological Diversity. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Convention would appreciate receiving a copy of any publications that use this document as a source. Citation Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel—GEF (2012). Impacts of Marine Debris on Biodiversity: Current Status and Potential Solutions, Montreal, Technical Series No. 67, 61 pages. About STAP The Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel comprises seven expert advisers supported by a Secretariat, which are together responsible for connecting the Global Environment Facility to the most up to date, authoritative, and globally representative science.
    [Show full text]
  • Species Richness of Bivalves and Gastropods in Iwahig River-Estuary
    International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies 2014; 2(1): 207-215 ISSN: 2347-5129 IJFAS 2014; 2(1): 207-215 Species richness of bivalves and gastropods in Iwahig © 2013 IJFAS www.fisheriesjournal.com River-Estuary, Palawan, the Philippines Received: 10-06-2014 Accepted: 15-07-2014 Roger G. Dolorosa and Floredel Dangan-Galon Roger G. Dolorosa College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Western Philippines Abstract University, Puerto Princesa Iwahig River-Estuary in Palawan, Philippines is one of the least disturbed river-estuary systems where Campus, Palawan, Philippines. biodiversity remains undocumented. In this study, the molluscan fauna of Iwahig River-Estuary is based on samples taken from three site groups: mangrove forest, lower reaches of the river, and intertidal flat Floredel Dangan-Galon near the river mouth. We have listed a total of 15 bivalves and 50 gastropods species spread over among Marine Science Laboratory 25 families and 45 genera. Some of these species are habitat specific while others overlap across study Palawan State University sites. Among the recorded species Nassarius pullus and Anadara uropigimelana had the widest range of Puerto Princesa City, Philippines. distribution occurring in mangrove forest, river bed, and intertidal flats thereby considered as a potential biological indicator for climate change adaptation and mitigation studies. Commercially exploited species for food and local shell craft industry include nine bivalves and two gastropods. Some other species have the potentials for aquaculture and shell trade. Exploring the potentials of these species as source of sustainable income for the locals is suggested. Keywords: bivalves, Iwahig River, gastropods, mangrove estuary, Palawan. 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Bullias-Nassas-Mud-Whelks.Pdf
    Gastropod Shells of Sri Lanka in C o l o u r - P a g e | 1 BULLIAS, NASSAS and MUD WHELKS/DOG WHELKS List of species 1. Bullia tranquebarica (Röding, 1798) 2. Bullia vittata (Linnaeus, 1767) 3. Cyllene pulchella Adams & Reeve, 1850 4. Nassarius albescens (Dunker, 1846) 5. Nassarius castus (Gould, 1850) 6. Nassarius conoidalis (Deshayes, 1833) 6a. Nassarius foveolatus (Dunker, 1847) 7. Nassarius distortus (A. Adams, 1852) 8. Nassarius dorsatus (Röding, 1798) 9. Nassarius gaudiosus (Hinds, 1844) 10. Nassarius glans (Linnaeus, 1758) 11. Nassarius livescens (Philippi, 1849) 12. Nassarius nodiferus (Powys, 1835) 13. Nassarius pullus (Linnaeus, 1758) 14. Nassarius reeveanus (Dunker, 1847) 15. Nassarius stolatus (Gmelin, 1791) 16. Reticunassa neoproducta (Kool & Dekker, 2007) 17. Phos cf. senticosus (Linnaeus, 1758) 18. Phos textus (Gmelin, 1791) Other species reported from Sri Lanka Nassarius olivaceus (Bruguière, 1789) Alectrion suturalis (Lamarck) – unverified name - Kirtisinghe, 1978 NASSARIIDAE Iredale, 1916 (1835) Bulliinae, Cylleninae, Nassariinae and Photinae Bullias, Nassas and Mud Whelks/Dog Whelks Shell ovately rounded, usually with a fairly high, conical spire and large body whorl anteriorly bordered by a strong spiral groove. Outer surface sculptured with axial ribs and spiral cords, sometimes smooth. No umbilicus. Aperture rather small and irregularly rounded, with a very short, recurved siphonal canal. Outer lip often somewhat thickened, smooth or denticulate inside, sometimes with a shallow groove or slot posteriorly. Inner lip smooth or weakly ridged but not folded, calloused and more or less expanded into a smooth shield. Operculum corneous, smaller than the aperture, with a subterminal nucleus and often serrate along margins. Mostly common on intertidal and sublittoral, temperate to tropical, soft bottoms, in marine and brackish water environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity Index of Macrobenthos and Environmental Factors in Mangrove
    Proceedings of The 3rd National Meeting on Biodiversity Management in Thailand การประชุมวิชาการการบริหารจัดการความหลากหลายทางชีวภาพแห่งชาติ ครั้งที่ 3 (2016) : 239–245 MP-05 Diversity index of Macrobenthos and environmental factors in mangrove and mudflat areas at Klong Khone, Samut Songkhram Province Chayarat Srisunont*, Nisachon Thongsanit, Jugkarin Suttiwichai and Adtapol Boonjan Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchaopraya Rajabhat University, Dhonburi, Bangkok 10600 *Corresponding author : [email protected] Abstract : This study measured the diversity of the macrobenthos at Klong Khone, Samut Songkhram province, to study the environmental condition of the mangrove forest. The main objective of this research was to compare the microbenthic community and environmental factors between mangrove and mudflat areas enthos, seawater and sediment were sampled in September of 2016. The results showed that Annelida was the most abundant phylum, with 37 species, followed by Arthropoda and Mollusca. The diversity indexes were found to be 1.42 and 1.52 for mangrove and mudflat areas, respectively. Densities were 598 and 453 indiv./m2, respectively. Seawater quality as dissolved oxygen (DO) was found to be lower in the mangrove area than the mudflat area; however, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and nitrate-nitrogen were higher. Sediment quality as organic carbon, TKN and total phosphorus were found to be 38%, 0.63 mg-N/g DW and 0.21 mg-P/g DW, respectively. Statistical analysis (t-tests) showed that diversity, density and sediment quality did not differ significantly between mangrove and mudflat areas. We found that Heteromastus sp. (Annelida), Natica vitellus (Mollusca) and Halmyrapseudes sp. (Arthropoda) were the dominant species in the mangrove area.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Plastics Waste in Asia and The- Pacific - Issues, Challenges and Circular Economic Opportunities”
    EARLY RELEASE “State of Plastics Waste in Asia and the- Pacific - Issues, Challenges and Circular Economic Opportunities” Draft Report “State of Plastics Waste in Asia and the-Pacific - Issues, Challenges and Circular Economic a | P a g e Opportunities” Copyright© UNCRD, 2020 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. The Secretariat of the Regional 3R Forum in Asia and the Pacific ([email protected]) would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the UNCRD. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the UNCRD as well as MOEJ concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the UNCRD, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. b | P a g e Mission Statement of UN DESA The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social, and environmental spheres and national
    [Show full text]