Timeline: “Modern” Physics 450-300 BC Leucippus, Democritos, Epicurus

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Timeline: “Modern” Physics 450-300 BC Leucippus, Democritos, Epicurus . Greek Atomists: 335 BC Aristotle continuous elements (earth, air, fire, water) 300 BC Zeno of Cition (founder of Stoics) popularizes Aristotelian view. 60 BC Titus Lucretius Carus of Rome epitomizes “Atomist” philosophy. 1879 Josef Stefan [expt] power emitted as blackbody radiation P = AσT 4 1884 Ludwig Boltzmann [theor] explains Stefan’s empirical law 1885 Johann Jakob Balmer [expt] empirical description of line spectra emitted by H atoms 1890 Johannes Robert Rydberg [expt] 1893 Wilhelm Wien [expt] blackbody spectrum displacement law: peak wavelength varies as T −1 1895 Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen [expt] discovers X-rays 1897 Joseph John Thomson [expt] measures boldmath q/m of the electron 1900 Max Planck [theor] derives correct blackbody radiation spectrum 1902 Philipp E.A. von Lenard [expt] measures photoelectric effect 1905 Albert Einstein [theor] explains photoelectric effect 1905 Albert Einstein [theor] publishes Special Theory of Relativity (STR) 1905 Albert Einstein [theor] explains Brownian motion (gives mass of atoms!) 1905 Ernest Rutherford [expt] performs first alpha-scattering experiments at McGill Univ. (Canada) 1907 Robert A. Milliken [expt] measures electron charge (now know both qe and me). 1912 William (H. & L.) Bragg [expt] shows that X-rays scatter off crystal lattices 1913 Hans Geiger & Ernest Marsden [expt] confirm Rutherford scattering results at Univ. of Manchester (U.K.) 1913 Niels Henrik David Bohr [theor] pictures H atom with quantized angular momentum 1916 Albert Einstein [theor] publishes General Theory of Relativity (GTR) 1916 Robert Andrews Milliken [expt] confirms photoelectric effect in detail 1922 Arthur Holly Compton [expt] scatters X-rays off electrons 1924 Louis Victor de Broglie [theor] hypothesizes “matter waves” with λ = h/p 1925 Wolfgang Pauli [theor] formulates his exclusion principle 1925 Max Born & Werner Heisenberg [theor] introduce quantum mechanics 1926 Erwin Schroedinger [theor] develops a nonrelativistic wave equation for quantum mechanics 1927 Werner Heisenberg [theor] formulates his uncertainty principle 1928 Paul A.M. Dirac [theor] develops relativistic wave equation for electrons & predicts antimatter . 1.

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Physics of the Atom
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