DOCSLIB.ORG

66514 Federal Register/Vol. 83, No. 246/Wednesday, December 26, 2018/Rules and Regulations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
66514 Federal Register/Vol. 83, No. 246/Wednesday, December 26, 2018/Rules and Regulations 66514 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 26, 2018 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Washington, DC 20226; telephone: (202) NFA, the term ‘‘machinegun’’ means 648–7070. ‘‘any weapon which shoots, is designed Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: to shoot, or can be readily restored to and Explosives I. Executive Summary shoot, automatically more than one A. Summary of the Regulatory Action shot, without manual reloading, by a 27 CFR Parts 447, 478, and 479 B. Summary of Costs and Benefits single function of the trigger.’’ 26 U.S.C. II. Background 5845(b). The term ‘‘machinegun’’ also [Docket No. 2018R–22F; AG Order No. A. Regulatory Context includes ‘‘the frame or receiver of any 4367–2018] B. Las Vegas Shooting such weapon’’ or any part or C. Advance Notice of Proposed combination of parts designed and RIN 1140–AA52 Rulemaking III. Notice of Proposed Rulemaking intended ‘‘for use in converting a Bump-Stock-Type Devices A. Prior Interpretations of ‘‘Single Function weapon into a machinegun,’’ and ‘‘any of the Trigger’’ and ‘‘Automatically’’ combination of parts from which a AGENCY: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, B. Re-Evaluation of Bump-Stock-Type machinegun can be assembled if such Firearms, and Explosives; Department of Devices parts are in the possession or under the Justice. C. Proposed Definition of ‘‘Single Function control of a person.’’ Id. This definition of the Trigger’’ uses the key terms ‘‘single function of ACTION: Final rule. D. Proposed Definition of ‘‘Automatically’’ E. Proposed Clarification That the the trigger’’ and ‘‘automatically,’’ but SUMMARY: The Department of Justice is Definition of ‘‘Machinegun’’ Includes these terms are not defined in the amending the regulations of the Bureau Bump-Stock-Type Devices statutory text. of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and F. Amendment of 27 CFR 479.11 The definition of ‘‘machinegun’’ in 27 Explosives (ATF) to clarify that bump- G. Amendment of 27 CFR 478.11 CFR 447.11, promulgated pursuant to stock-type devices—meaning ‘‘bump H. Amendment of 27 CFR 447.11 the portion of section 38 of the Arms fire’’ stocks, slide-fire devices, and IV. Analysis of Comments and Department Export Control Act (AECA) (22 U.S.C. devices with certain similar Responses for Proposed Rule 2778) delegated to the Attorney General characteristics—are ‘‘machineguns’’ as A. Comments Generally Supporting the by section 1(n)(ii) of Executive Order Rule defined by the National Firearms Act of 13637 (78 FR 16129), is similar. B. Particular Reasons Raised in Support of Currently, the definition of 1934 and the Gun Control Act of 1968 the Rule because such devices allow a shooter of C. Comments Generally Opposing the Rule ‘‘machinegun’’ in § 447.11 provides that a semiautomatic firearm to initiate a D. Specific Issues Raised in Opposition to a ‘‘‘machinegun’, ‘machine pistol’, continuous firing cycle with a single the Rule ‘submachinegun’, or ‘automatic rifle’ is pull of the trigger. Specifically, these E. ATF Suggested Alternatives a firearm originally designed to fire, or devices convert an otherwise F. Other Alternatives capable of being fired fully semiautomatic firearm into a G. Proposed Rule’s Statutory and Executive automatically by a single pull of the machinegun by functioning as a self- Order Review trigger.’’ H. Affected Population acting or self-regulating mechanism that In 2006, ATF concluded that certain I. Costs and Benefits bump-stock-type devices qualified as harnesses the recoil energy of the J. Regulatory Flexibility Act semiautomatic firearm in a manner that machineguns under the NFA and GCA. K. Miscellaneous Comments Specifically, ATF concluded that a allows the trigger to reset and continue L. Comments on the Rulemaking Process firing without additional physical V. Final Rule device attached to a semiautomatic manipulation of the trigger by the VI. Statutory and Executive Order Review firearm that uses an internal spring to shooter. Hence, a semiautomatic firearm A. Executive Orders 12866, 13563, and harness the force of a firearm’s recoil so to which a bump-stock-type device is 13771 that the firearm shoots more than one attached is able to produce automatic B. Executive Order 13132 shot with a single pull of the trigger is fire with a single pull of the trigger. C. Executive Order 12988 a machinegun. Between 2008 and 2017, D. Regulatory Flexibility Act With limited exceptions, the Gun however, ATF also issued classification E. Small Business Regulatory Enforcement decisions concluding that other bump- Control Act, as amended, makes it Fairness Act of 1996 unlawful for any person to transfer or stock-type devices were not F. Congressional Review Act machineguns, primarily because the possess a machinegun unless it was G. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 lawfully possessed prior to the effective H. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 devices did not rely on internal springs or similar mechanical parts to channel date of the statute. The bump-stock-type I. Executive Summary devices covered by this final rule were recoil energy. Decisions issued during that time did not include extensive legal not in existence prior to the effective A. Summary of the Regulatory Action analysis relating to the definition of date of the statute, and therefore will be The current regulations at §§ 447.11, ‘‘machinegun.’’ ATF undertook a review prohibited when this rule becomes 478.11, and 479.11 of title 27, Code of of its past classifications and effective. Consequently, under the final Federal Regulations (CFR), contain determined that those conclusions did rule, current possessors of these devices 1 definitions for the term ‘‘machinegun.’’ not reflect the best interpretation of will be required to destroy the devices The definitions used in 27 CFR 478.11 ‘‘machinegun’’ under the NFA and GCA. or abandon them at an ATF office prior and 479.11 match the statutory ATF decided to promulgate a rule that to the effective date of the rule. definition of ‘‘machinegun’’ in the would bring clarity to the definition of DATES: This rule is effective March 26, National Firearms Act of 1934 (NFA), as ‘‘machinegun’’—specifically with 2019. amended, and the Gun Control Act of respect to the terms ‘‘automatically’’ and FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 1968 (GCA), as amended. Under the ‘‘single function of the trigger,’’ as those Vivian Chu, Office of Regulatory Affairs, terms are used to define ‘‘machinegun.’’ Enforcement Programs and Services, 1 Regulations implementing the relevant statutes As an initial step in the process of spell the term ‘‘machine gun’’ rather than Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, ‘‘machinegun.’’ E.g., 27 CFR 478.11, 479.11. For promulgating a rule, on December 26, and Explosives, U.S. Department of convenience, this notice uses ‘‘machinegun’’ except 2017, the Department of Justice Justice, 99 New York Ave. NE, when quoting a source to the contrary. (Department) published in the Federal VerDate Sep<11>2014 22:19 Dec 21, 2018 Jkt 247001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\26DER3.SGM 26DER3 amozie on DSK3GDR082PROD with RULES3 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 26, 2018 / Rules and Regulations 66515 Register an advance notice of proposed described above. The Department, subject to the direction of the Attorney rulemaking titled ‘‘Application of the however, has revised the definition of General and the Deputy Attorney Definition of Machinegun to ‘Bump ‘‘single function of the trigger’’ to mean General. See 28 CFR 0.130(a)(1)–(2). Fire’ Stocks and Other Similar Devices.’’ ‘‘single pull of the trigger’’ and Accordingly, the Department and ATF 82 FR 60929. Subsequently, on March analogous motions, taking into account have promulgated regulations 29, 2018, the Department published in that there are other methods of initiating implementing both the NFA and the the Federal Register a notice of an automatic firing sequence that do not GCA. See 27 CFR parts 478, 479. In proposed rulemaking (NPRM) titled require a pull. This final rule also particular, ATF for decades ‘‘Bump-Stock-Type Devices.’’ 83 FR informs current possessors of bump- promulgated rules governing ‘‘the 13442. stock-type devices of the proper procedural and substantive The NPRM proposed to amend the methods of disposal, including requirements relative to the importation, regulations at 27 CFR 447.11, 478.11, destruction by the owner or manufacture, making, exportation, and 479.11 to clarify that bump-stock- abandonment to ATF. identification and registration of, and type devices are ‘‘machineguns’’ as the dealing in, machine guns.’’ 27 CFR B. Summary of Costs and Benefits defined by the NFA and GCA because 479.1; see, e.g., United States v. Dodson, such devices allow a shooter of a ATF estimates the total undiscounted 519 F. App’x 344, 348–49 & n.4 (6th Cir. semiautomatic firearm to initiate a cost of this rule at $312.1 million over 2013) (acknowledging ATF’s role in continuous firing cycle with a single 10 years. The total 7% discount cost is interpreting the NFA’s definition of pull of the trigger. Specifically, these estimated at $245.5 million, and the ‘‘machinegun’’); F.J. Vollmer Co. v. devices convert an otherwise discounted costs would be $32.8 million Higgins, 23 F.3d 448, 449–51 (D.C. Cir. semiautomatic firearm into a and $35.0 million, annualized at 3% 1994) (upholding an ATF determination machinegun by functioning as a self- and 7% respectively. The estimate regarding machinegun receivers). Courts acting or self-regulating mechanism that includes costs to the public for loss of have recognized ATF’s leading harnesses the recoil energy of the property ($102.5 million); costs of regulatory role with respect to firearms, semiautomatic firearm in a manner that forgone future production and sales including in the specific context of allows the trigger to reset and continue ($198.9 million); costs of disposal ($9.4 classifying devices as machineguns firing without additional physical million); and government costs ($1.3 under the NFA.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Thompson Brochure 9Th Edition.Indd
    9th Edition Own A Piece Of American History Thompson Submachine Gun General John T. Thompson, a graduate of West Point, began his research in 1915 for an automatic weapon to supply the American military. World War I was dragging on and casualties were mounting. Having served in the U.S. Army’s ordnance supplies and logistics, General Thompson understood that greater fi repower was needed to end the war. Thompson was driven to create a lightweight, fully automatic fi rearm that would be effective against the contemporary machine gun. His idea was “a one-man, hand held machine gun. A trench broom!” The fi rst shipment of Thompson prototypes arrived on the dock in New York for shipment to Europe on November 11, 1918 the day that the War ended. In 1919, Thompson directed Auto-Ordnance to modify the gun for nonmilitary use. The gun, classifi ed a “submachine gun” to denote a small, hand-held, fully automatic fi rearm chambered for pistol ammunition, was offi cially named the “Thompson submachine gun” to honor the man most responsible for its creation. With military and police sales low, Auto-Ordnance sold its submachine guns through every legal outlet it could. A Thompson submachine gun could be purchased either by mail order, or from the local hardware or sporting goods store. Trusted Companion for Troops It was, also, in the mid ‘20s that the Thompson submachine gun was adopted for service by an Dillinger’s Choice offi cial military branch of the government. The U.S. Coast Guard issued Thompsons to patrol While Auto-Ordnance was selling the Thompson submachine gun in the open market in the ‘20s, boats along the eastern seaboard.
    [Show full text]
  • Case 1:18-Cv-01429-PLM-RSK ECF No. 1 Filed 12/26/18 Pageid.1 Page 1 of 28
    Case 1:18-cv-01429-PLM-RSK ECF No. 1 filed 12/26/18 PageID.1 Page 1 of 28 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN SOUTHERN DIVISION GUN OWNERS OF AMERICA, INC., GUN OWNERS FOUNDATION, VIRGINIA CITIZENS DEFENSE LEAGUE, MATT WATKINS, TIM HARMSEN, and RACHEL MALONE, Case No. Plaintiffs, Hon. v. MATTHEW WHITAKER, in his official capacity as Acting Attorney General of the United States, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND EXPLOSIVES, and THOMAS E. BRANDON, in his official capacity as Acting Director, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Defendants. __________________________________________________________________________ Kerry L. Morgan* (P32645) Robert J. Olson PENTIUK, COUVREUR & KOBILJAK, P.C. William J. Olson 2915 Biddle Avenue, Suite 200 Jeremiah L. Morgan Wyandotte, MI 48192 Herbert W. Titus Main: (734) 281-7100 WILLIAM J OLSON, P.C. F: (734) 281-2524 370 Maple Avenue West, Suite 4 [email protected] Vienna, VA 22180 *Counsel for Plaintiffs T: (703) 356-5070 F: (703) 356-5085 [email protected] Of counsel _______________________________________________________________________ Case 1:18-cv-01429-PLM-RSK ECF No. 1 filed 12/26/18 PageID.2 Page 2 of 28 COMPLAINT FOR DECLARATORY AND INJUNCTIVE RELIEF Now comes Plaintiffs by and through Counsel and for their Complaint state as follows: 1. Numerous times over many years, ATF has been asked to determine whether various “bump-fire-type stocks” or “bump stocks” constitute “machineguns” under federal law. 2. ATF has acknowledged that such devices, which have “no automatically functioning mechanical parts or springs and perform[] no automatic mechanical function when installed,” are not machineguns under federal law.
    [Show full text]
  • Individual Claimsmaking After the Parkland Shooting* Deana A
    Individual Claimsmaking after the Parkland Shooting* Deana A. Rohlinger, Ph.D. Professor of Sociology Florida State University Caitria DeLucchi Graduate Student in Sociology Florida State University Warren Allen, Ph.D. Teaching Faculty Rutgers University *We thank Sourabh Singh for his feedback on this paper. The lead author thanks her early morning “writing with randos” group for their support, including Beth Popp Berman, Danna Agmon, Christina Ho, Sarah Woulfin, Derek Gottlieb, Dahlia Remler, Dale Winling, Meredith Broussard, Adam Slez, Didem Turkoglu, Jason Windawi, Elizabeth Mazzolini, Jennifer Sessions, Louise Seamster, Daniel Hirschman. 1 On February 14, 2018, a former student killed 17 people and injured 17 others at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida. Some of the student survivors mobilized in protest of loose gun laws, and state legislatures across the country began passing bills to restrict gun access. This was true even in Florida, which is a testing-ground for National Rifle Association (NRA) legislation and whose Republican-dominated legislature often rejects modest restrictions on gun access. In less than a month, the legislature passed “the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act” (SB 7026), which raised the minimum age requirement for purchasing a firearm from 18 to 21, required a three-day waiting period for the purchase of a gun, prohibited the purchase and selling of bump stocks, expanded mental health services in the state, allocated monies to help harden schools, and funded a “marshal” program that allowed the arming of teachers and staff. Arguably, there are a number of reasons that the legislature opted for quick action.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Military Weapons and Equipment
    DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PAMPHLET NO. 30-7-4 FOREIGN MILITARY WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT Vol. III INFANTRY WEAPONS DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY DT WASHINGTON 25, D. C. FOREWORD The object in publishing the essential recognition features of weapons of Austrian, German, and Japanese origin as advance sections of DA Pam 30-7-4 is to present technical information on these weapons as they are used or held in significant quantities by the Soviet satellite nations (see DA Pam 30-7-2). The publication is in looseleaf form to facilitate inclusion of additional material when the remaining sections of DA Pam 30-7-4 are published. Items are presented according to country of manufacture. It should be noted that, although they may be in use or held in reserve by a satellite country, they may be regarded as obsolete in the country of manufacture. DA Pam 30-7-4 PAMPHLET DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY No. 30-7-4 WASHINGTON 25, D. C., 24 November 1954 FOREIGN MILITARY WEAPONS AND EQUIPMENT VOL. III INFANTRY WEAPONS SECTION IV. OTHER COUNTRIES AUSTRIA: Page Glossary of Austrian terms--------------------------------------------------------- 4 A. Pistols: 9-mm Pistol M12 (Steyr) ---------------------------------------------------- 5 B. Submachine Guns: 9-mm Submachine Gun MP 34 (Steyr-Solothurn) ------------------------------- .7 C. Rifles and Carbines: 8-mm M1895 Mannlicher Rifle- - ____________________________________- - - - - - -- 9 GERMANY: Glossary of German terms___________________________________---------------------------------------------------------11 A. Pistols: 9-mm Walther Pistol M1938-- _______________________-- - --- -- -- 13 9-mm Luger Pistol M1908--------------------------------------------------15 7.65-mm Sauer Pistol M1938---------------------------------_ 17 7.65-mm Walther Pistol Model PP and PPK ---------------------------------- 19 7.63-mm Mauser Pistol M1932----------------------------------------------21 7.65-mm Mauser Pistol Model HSc ------------------------------------------ 23 B.
    [Show full text]
  • GAO-19-175, FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT: Purchases And
    United States Government Accountability Office Report to Congressional Requesters December 2018 FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT Purchases and Inventory Controls of Firearms, Ammunition, and Tactical Equipment GAO-19-175 December 2018 FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT Purchases and Inventory Controls of Firearms, Ammunition, and Tactical Equipment Highlights of GAO-19-175, a report to congressional requesters Why GAO Did This Study What GAO Found Federal law enforcement agencies The 20 federal law enforcement agencies in GAO’s review reported spending at purchase firearms, ammunition, and least $38.8 million on firearms, $325.9 million on ammunition, and $1.14 billion tactical equipment, such as riot shields, on tactical equipment—at least $1.5 billion in total—from fiscal years 2010 to support their missions. GAO was through 2017, based on data agencies provided to GAO. asked to review these purchases for federal law enforcement agencies, and The internal agency data on firearms and ammunition purchases for the Bureau inventory controls at HHS, EPA, and of Indian Affairs, U.S. Forest Service, and U.S. Immigration and Customs IRS specifically. Enforcement (ICE) did not always match data that were publicly available on USASpending.gov—a government source for federal contract data. In particular, This report examines, among other the dollar value of firearms purchases by ICE in USASpending.gov was objectives (1) firearms, ammunition, approximately 8 times greater than the value of the purchases reported by ICE to and selected tactical equipment spending by federal agencies with 250 GAO. Some differences result from other agencies using ICE contracts to make or more FLEOs from fiscal years 2010 firearms and ammunition purchases, and ICE not properly identifying the funding through 2017; (2) the extent to which agency for those purchases in the system that supplies data to select agencies accurately reported USASpending.gov.
    [Show full text]
  • The US Gun Violence Crisis: Human Rights Perspectives and Remedies
    LEGAL STUDIES RESEARCH PAPER SERIES PAPER NO. 19-01-11 January 18, 2019 Harris Institute Report The U.S. Gun Violence Crisis: Human Rights Perspectives and Remedies By Leila Nadya Sadat Director, Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute James Carr Professor of International Criminal Law Madaline M. George Fellow, Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute HARRIS INSTITUTE REPORT The U.S. Gun Violence Crisis: Human Rights Perspectives and Remedies By Leila Nadya Sadat Director, Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute James Carr Professor of International Criminal Law Madaline M. George Fellow, Whitney R. Harris World Law Institute January 18, 2019 DRAFT Table of Contents Annex 1: Glossary of Terms.....................................................................................................................107 i DRAFT Table of Contents ii DRAFT Annex 1: Glossary of Terms...................................................................................................................107 iii DRAFT List of Figures Figure 1: Deaths per 100,000 people from Firearms & Motor Vehicle Traffic Events,. 1950 – 2010........................................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 2: Total Gun-Related Deaths versus Vehicle-Related Deaths of Young Americans, .. 1999- 2016............................................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 3: Worst Mass Shootings in the United States Since 1991
    [Show full text]
  • MSP-203 (01/01) Michigan State Police STATE of MICHIGAN
    MSP-203 (01/01) Michigan State Police STATE OF MICHIGAN Use & Storage of a Firearm in a Home Environment AUTHORITY: 2000 P.A. 265; MCL 28.435 Michigan Department of State Police Firearm ownership carries with it a responsibility of safeguarding the On a semi-automatic firearm, you should keep the safety on and/or action welfare of others and you when handling firearms. Accident open unless firing. prevention is the user’s responsibility. It is the responsibility of a firearm owner to know what the law is pertaining to ownership, Never put your finger on the trigger until ready to fire at a proper target. A possession, transportation and use of firearms. proper target is knowing what is beyond the target and in the line of fire. It is advisable to have a serious discussion with family members You should always keep the barrel pointed in a safe direction, even when concerning a firearm and stressing the danger of careless or unsafe dry firing, loading or unloading. In the event of an accidental discharge, no use. injury can occur if the barrel is pointed in a safe direction. A basic rule in firearm safety is to never assume that a firearm is Dropping a loaded firearm may cause an accidental discharge, even with unloaded. You should treat every firearm as if it were loaded. the safety on. A firearm should always be unloaded when not in use and the Bullets can glance off many surfaces like rocks, the surface of water and ammunition stored separately from the firearm. It is generally other surfaces.
    [Show full text]
  • Owen Submachine Gun.Nomination
    Nomination of OWEN SUBMACHINE GUN for an Engineering Heritage National Marker Owen Gun Mark 1/42 - skeleton stock, cooling fins on barrel source gunshows.com.nz Owen Gun Mark 1/43 - wooden stock, camouflage finish by Doug Boleyn Engineering Heritage Sydney January 2017 Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction 2 2. Nomination Letter 4 3. Nomination Support Information Basic Data 5 4. Basic History 8 5. Engineering Heritage Assessment 11 6. Interpretation Plan 14 7. References & Acknowledgements 15 Appendices 1. Statement of Support for Engineering Heritage Recognition 16 2. History Time Line of the Owen Submachine Gun 17 3. Photos of the Owen Submachine Gun and other submachine guns used 28 in World War 2 4. Drawings of the Owen Submachine Gun 34 5. Statistics of the various models of the Owen Gun and Comparison Table 35 6. Biographies of Companies and People Associated with the Owen Gun 39 7. Glossary Terminology and Imperial Unit Conversions 44 8. Author's Assessment of Engineering Heritage Significance Check List 45 Rev 05 01 17 Page 1 1. Introduction. The Owen submachine gun [SMG] (1) that bears its designer's name was the only weapon of World War 2 used by Australian troops that was wholly designed and manufactured in Australia. Conceptually designed by Evelyn Owen, a committed young inventor, the concept was further developed to production stage by Gerard Wardell Chief Engineer Lysaght's Newcastle Works Pty Limited - Port Kembla Branch (2) [Lysaghts] with the assistance of Evelyn Owen ( and Fred Kunzler a Lysaght employee who had been a gunsmith in his native Switzerland.
    [Show full text]
  • German Army, Authorized Strength, Reinforced Very Heavy Machine Gun Company (12 20Mm Flak Guns), 1 November 1944
    German Army Authorized Strength Reinforced Very Heavy Machine Gun Company (12 20mm Flak Guns), 1 November 1944 Command: 1 Company Commander (officer)(1 horse & 1 machine pistol) 1 Hauptfeldwebel (NCO)(1 machine pistol) 1 Weapons NCO (pistol) 1 Company Troop Leader (NCO)(1 horse, 1 machine pistol, & 1 bicycle) 1 Equipment NCO (1 rifle & 1 bicycle) 1 Book Keeper (NCO) (1 rifle & 1 bicycle) 1 Blacksmith (NCO) (1 pistol & 1 bicycle) 1 Radio Operator (NCO) (1 rifle) 1 Medical Officer (NCO) (1 pistol & 1 bicycle) 1 Messenger (1 horse & 1 machine pistol) 5 Radio Oerators (5 rifles) 1 Horse Leder (1 rifle, 1 horse, 1 Jf 8 infantry cart)x 1 Jf 8 Infantray cart (hand drawn) 2 Light Field Cable Troops 6: 1 Troop Leader (1 machine pistol) 9 Telephone Operators (8 rifles & 1 machine pistol) 2 Jf 8 Infantry carts with 1 horse each) 2 Jf 8 Infantry carts 1st Platoon: 1 Platoon Leader (officer) (1 machine pistol) 2 Messengers (2 machine pistols) 1 Assistant Armorer (1 rifle) 1 Corpsman (1 pistol) 2 Drivers (2 rifles, 4 draft horses & 2 Hf 1 or Hf 6 wagons) 4 Gun Battery: 2 Group Leaders (2 machine pistols) 4 Gun Captains (4 machine pistols) 12 Soldiers (8 rifles & 4 pistols) 4 Munitions Handlers (4 rifles) 4 Drivers (from saddle) (4 rifles) 4 20mm Flak Guns on Ground Battle Carriage 44 4 Jf 8 Infantry Cards with 8 horses 2nd & 3rd Platoon same as 1st Platoon, but officer replaced by NCO 4th (Panzer Destroyer) Platoon: 1 Platoon Leader (officer) (1 machine pistol) 1 Messenger (private) (1 machine pistol) 2 Machine Gunners (private) (1 rifle, 1 pistol,
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of the 1994 Assault Weapons
    NT OF ME J T US U.S. Department of Justice R T A I P C E E D B O J C S Office of Justice Programs F A V M F O I N A C I J S R E BJ G O OJJ DP O F PR National Institute of Justice JUSTICE National Institute of Justice R e s e a r c h i n B r i e f Jeremy Travis, Director March 1999 Issues and Findings Impacts of the 1994 Assault Discussed in this Brief: This study examines the short-term impact Weapons Ban: 1994–96 (1994–96) of the assault weapons ban on gun markets and gun- by Jeffrey A. Roth and Christopher S. Koper related violence as contained in Title XI of the Federal Violent Crime On January 17, 1989, Patrick Edward zines. The legislation required the Attor- Control and Law Enforcement Act Purdy, armed with an AKS rifle—a ney General to deliver to Congress within of 1994. Title XI prohibits the semiautomatic variant of the military 30 months an evaluation of the effects of manufacture, sale, and possession AK–47—returned to his childhood the ban. To meet this requirement, the of specific makes and models of military-style semiautomatic fire- elementary school in Stockton, California, National Institute of Justice (NIJ) funded arms and other semiautomatics and opened fire, killing 5 children and research from October 1995 to December with multiple military-style features wounding 30 others. Purdy, a drifter, 1996 to evaluate the impact of Subtitle A.
    [Show full text]
  • TABLE of CONTENTS Appendices A. D.C. Circuit Opinion, Apr. 1
    TABLE OF CONTENTS Appendices A. D.C. Circuit Opinion, Apr. 1, 2019 ........... A1-A97 B. Final Rule, Bump-Stock-Type Devices, 83 Fed. Reg. 66,514, Dec. 26, 2018 (Excerpts) ................................................... B1-B68 C. District Court for the District of Columbia Memorandum Opinion, February 25, 2019 ..................................... C1-C81 D. D.C. Circuit Judgment, Apr. 1, 2019 ......... D1-D3 E. D.C. Circuit Order dismissing appeal No. 19-5043, March 23, 2019 ...................... E1-E2 APPENDIX A 920 F.3d 1 United States Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit. Damien GUEDES, et al., Appellants v. BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS AND EXPLOSIVES, et al., Appellees No. 19-5042 Consolidated with 19-5044 Argued March 22, 2019 Decided April 1, 2019 Before: Henderson, Srinivasan and Millett, Circuit Judges. Opinion Opinion concurring in part and dissenting in part filed by Circuit Judge Henderson. Per Curiam: *6 In October 2017, a lone gunman armed with bump-stock-enhanced semiautomatic weapons mur- dered 58 people and wounded hundreds more in a mass shooting at a concert in Las Vegas, Nevada. In the wake of that tragedy, the Bureau of Alcohol, To- bacco, Firearms and Explosives (“Bureau”) promul- gated through formal notice-and-comment proceed- ings a rule that classifies bump-stock devices as ma- chine guns under the National Firearms Act, 26 (A1) A2 U.S.C. §§ 5801–5872. See Bump-Stock-Type Devices, 83 Fed. Reg. 66,514 (Dec. 26, 2018) (“Bump-Stock Rule”). The then-Acting Attorney General Matthew Whitaker initially signed the final Bump-Stock Rule, and Attorney General William Barr independently ratified it shortly after taking office.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Arms for Urban Combat
    Small Arms for Urban Combat This page intentionally left blank Small Arms for Urban Combat A Review of Modern Handguns, Submachine Guns, Personal Defense Weapons, Carbines, Assault Rifles, Sniper Rifles, Anti-Materiel Rifles, Machine Guns, Combat Shotguns, Grenade Launchers and Other Weapons Systems RUSSELL C. TILSTRA McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Jefferson, North Carolina, and London LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Tilstra, Russell C., ¡968– Small arms for urban combat : a review of modern handguns, submachine guns, personal defense weapons, carbines, assault rifles, sniper rifles, anti-materiel rifles, machine guns, combat shotguns, grenade launchers and other weapons systems / Russell C. Tilstra. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7864-6523-1 softcover : acid free paper 1. Firearms. 2. Urban warfare—Equipment and supplies. I. Title. UD380.T55 2012 623.4'4—dc23 2011046889 BRITISH LIBRARY CATALOGUING DATA ARE AVAILABLE © 2012 Russell C. Tilstra. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Front cover design by David K. Landis (Shake It Loose Graphics) Manufactured in the United States of America McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 611, Jefferson, North Carolina 28640 www.mcfarlandpub.com To my wife and children for their love and support. Thanks for putting up with me. This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations . viii Preface . 1 Introduction . 3 1. Handguns . 9 2. Submachine Guns . 33 3.
    [Show full text]