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In the Works of J.M.G. Le Clézio: Their Force, Their Limitations, and Their Relationship to Alterity

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In the Works of J.M.G. Le Clézio: Their Force, Their Limitations, and Their Relationship to Alterity University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 5-2007 The Complex Ambivalence of ‘Privileged Moments’ in the Works of J.M.G. Le Clézio: Their Force, Their Limitations, and Their Relationship to Alterity Keith Aaron Moser University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the French Linguistics Commons Recommended Citation Moser, Keith Aaron, "The Complex Ambivalence of ‘Privileged Moments’ in the Works of J.M.G. Le Clézio: Their Force, Their Limitations, and Their Relationship to Alterity. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2007. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/248 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Keith Aaron Moser entitled "The Complex Ambivalence of ‘Privileged Moments’ in the Works of J.M.G. Le Clézio: Their Force, Their Limitations, and Their Relationship to Alterity." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Modern Foreign Languages. Karen Levy, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: John Romeiser, Stefanie Ohnesorg, Lisi Schoenbach Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Keith Aaron Moser entitled “The Complex Ambivalence of ‘Privileged Moments’ in the Works of J.M.G. Le Clézio: Their Force, Their Limitations, and Their Relationship to Alterity.” I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of the Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Modern Foreign Languages and a major concentration in French and a second concentration in Linguistics. Dr. Karen Levy Karen Levy, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Dr. John Romeiser Dr. Stefanie Ohnesorg Dr. Lisi Schoenbach Acceptance for the Council: Dr. Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original signatures are on file with student records. The Complex Ambivalence of “Privileged Moments” in the Works of J.M.G. Le Clézio: Their Force, Their Limitations, and Their Relationship to Alterity A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Keith Aaron Moser May 2007 Copyright © 2007 by Keith Aaron Moser All rights reserved. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would above all like to thank professors Karen Levy, John Romeiser, Stefanie Ohnesorg, and Lisi Schoenbach for agreeing to serve on my dissertation committee. Your assistance has been invaluable to the success of this project and to my professional development in general. To Dr. Levy, I deeply appreciate your positive attitude, hard work, and diligence throughout the entire process. Moreover, it was in your PhD seminar that I discovered the literary talents of J.M. G. Le Clézio. I would also like to thank the Department of Modern Foreign Languages and Literatures at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville for employing me as a Graduate Teaching Associate since August 2002. Specifically, extending my contract for one additional year has allowed me to complete this momentous task. I would also like to thank Dr. Jack Jordan from Mississippi State University for his quintessential professionalism and his tremendous contribution to my academic development while I was a Master’s student. Your stimulating discussions of Proust ultimately led to the choice of this dissertation topic. On a personal level, I would like to thank Kelly for her support during this painstaking process and most of all for believing in me. iii ABSTRACT This dissertation delves into the complexities and nuances of the contemporary French author J.M.G. Le Clézio, one of the most respected and prolific writers of his era. Specifically, it investigates the phenomenon of a “privileged moment” or a “moment privilégié” in his works. This literary concept is most often associated with Marcel Proust. In this study, the intricacies as well as the limitations and paradoxes of three distinct types of privileged moments in Le Clézio’s writings are methodically explored. Privileged moments related to nature, musicality, and sexuality are systematically probed during the course of this investigation. The introduction provides an operational definition for the expression “privileged moment,” and briefly outlines some of the main ideas discussed in the various chapters which follow. Although several literary scholars use this term, a precise definition of this word or even a clear explanation of what it encompasses does not seem to exist. Chapter one explores manifestations of privileged moments in the writings of earlier French writers. Specifically, it analyses intense instants of euphoria in Proust’s A la Recherche du Temps Perdu, Sartre’s La Nausée, and Camus’s Noces. Chapter two investigates the undeniable literary transformation that occurs in Le Clézio’s works beginning with the publication of Mondo in 1978. Specifically, this section examines the existentialist nature of some of Le Clézio’s early writings and explores how his powerful experiences with the Embreras and Waunanas in Panama, with the indigenous cultures in iv Mexico, etc. drastically altered him and his writings. Chapter three investigates the inexplicable instants of euphoria which abound when Le Clézio’s characters commune with nature in Mondo, Désert, Le Chercheur d’Or, and Pawana. Chapter four explores privileged moments related to music in the short story “La Roue d’Eau,” as well as in the novels Etoile Errante, Désert, Le Chercheur d’Or, and Le Poisson d’Or. Chapter five systematically investigates moments of sexual ecstasy shared with an Other in Désert, Le Chercheur d’Or, and La Quarantaine. Whereas the other mysterious moments of euphoria are solitary instants, these erotic encounters constitute a different type of experience, which will also obligate us to reflect upon various ethical issues. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page Introduction and General Information……………………………………………..1 Chapter I Literary Precursors…………………………………………………………..……..6 Chapter II Le Clézio's Early Texts: From Existentialism to Lyricism……………………… 41 Chapter III Privileged Moments Related to Nature's Elements……………………………. 82 Chapter IV Musicality and Privileged Moments in Le Clézio's Works…………………….. 139 Chapter V Shared Moments of Sexual Ecstasy With an "Other"…………………………. 188 Conclusions………………………………………………………………………….222 References…………………………………………………………………………..228 Vita……………………………………………………………………………………235 vi Introduction and General Information Although a number of literary theorists, such as Gilles Deleuze, Bettina Knapp, and Daniel Melnick have written about the importance of euphoric instants in the works of Proust as well as other French authors and have even used the term “privileged moments,” there exists no precise definition of this term or even a clear explanation of what this expression could encompass. Moreover, no one has ever sought to explore this phenomenon in relation to the vast fictional repertoire of J.M.G. Le Clézio. Given his status as one of the most read and respected contemporary French authors in the academic community as well as in the general public, his writings need to be further investigated. Since 1963, Le Clézio has dazzled both critics and lay readers alike with his immense talent and the diversity of his writings. Before we begin a systematic exploration of privileged moments in Le Clézio’s works, it is essential to offer an operational definition of this elusive term. I propose that they be defined as follows: Moments of enigmatic ecstasy resulting from direct contact by means of one or more of the senses. The “strange joy” that characterizes these experiences defies or escapes logical explanation, demonstrating the limitations of rational thought. I would also suggest that the following characteristics are often applicable: 1. These moments are often linked to involuntary memory, although certainly not always. 1 2. These moments are often experienced as a direct result of a close communion with nature (e.g. The force of the sun, the sea, etc.). 3. These moments are extremely intense, but of a short duration. 4. These moments appear to efface the contingencies of time and space. 5. These moments often transform the subject. They constitute epiphanies through which the subject discovers something radically transforming about the reasons for his or her own existence. In other words, privileged moments may also represent a possible transcendence of the ephemeral human condition. 6. These moments are also often linked to a precisely literary apprenticeship or an “initiation.” 7. These moments are often experienced by solitary protagonists. However, privileged moments involving sexuality are shared with an Other, and are therefore open to more complex
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