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WHO Guidance on Management of Snakebites
GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SNAKEBITES 2nd Edition GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SNAKEBITES 2nd Edition 1. 2. 3. 4. ISBN 978-92-9022- © World Health Organization 2016 2nd Edition All rights reserved. Requests for publications, or for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications, whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution, can be obtained from Publishing and Sales, World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, Indraprastha Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110 002, India (fax: +91-11-23370197; e-mail: publications@ searo.who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. -
Reptile Rap Newsletter of the South Asian Reptile Network ISSN 2230-7079 No.14 | June 2012 Date of Publication: 04 June 2012
Reptile Rap Newsletter of the South Asian Reptile Network No.14 | June 2012 ISSN 2230-7079 Date of publication: 04 June 2012 Contents The conservation of Indian reptiles: an approach with molecular aspects -- V.M. Sathish Kumar, Pp. 2–8 Records of Indian Egg Eater Snake Elachistodon westermanni in the localities of Shegaon, District Buldhana, Maharashtra, India -- Abhishek Narayanan, Pp. 9–12 An observation on death of Python Python molurus feeding on a male Spotted Deer Cervus axis -- Mohnish Kapoor, Pp. 13–14 Herpetofauna of the Vidyanagari campus of the University of Mumbai, Maharashtra -- Madhav V. Upadhye, Vinayak V. Puranik, Prasad Dabholkar & Ujwala Jadhav, Pp. 15–20 Herpetofaunal diversity in and around the selected man-made wetlands of central and northern Gujarat, India -- Raju Vyas, B.M. Parasharya & J.J. Jani, Pp. 21–26 A Malabar Pit Viper, Trimeresurus malabaricus (Jerdon, 1854) morph from the southern Western Ghats -- Arun Kanagavel, Rajkumar Sekar, Nikhil Whitaker & Rajeev Raghavan, Pp. 27–28 Sightings of King Cobra Ophiophagus hannah in northern coastal Andhra Pradesh -- K.L.N. Murthy & K.V. Ramana Murthy, Pp. 29–32 First record of Slender Coral Snake Calliophis melanurus (Shaw, 1802) south of the Palghat Gap, Western Ghats -- G. Shine & P.O. Nameer, Pp. 33–35 UGC Sponsored Major Research Project on Herpetofauna, P. 36 www.zoosprint.org/Newsletters/ReptileRap.htm OPEN ACCESS | FREE DOWNLOAD 1 REPTILE RAP #14, June 2012 The conservation of Indian reptiles: an and conservation efforts. approach with molecular aspects In addition, the genetic information required for V.M. Sathish Kumar extensive systematic revisions for most genera is lacking. -
Year of the Snake News No
Year of the Snake News No. 6 June 2013 www.yearofthesnake.org Snakes of Narrow Habitats by Andrew M. Durso known! Known to the native people Thermophis baileyi, of Tibet for centuries, hot-spring one of two species of snakes were first discovered in 1907 Tibetan Hot-springs by Lieutenant F. Bailey, after whom Snake, the highest snake in the world, a one of the two species was named. In native of the Tibetan 2008 a second species of Thermophis Plateau. Photo by Kai was discovered and named Wang. Thermophis zhaoermii for preeminent Chinese herpetologist Zhao Ermi. One reason we know only a little about Thermophis is its high mountain habitat. Most of the Many snake species are habitat spending your whole life in one! mountain ranges in China run east- generalists, such as the familiar North Now imagine being the size of a west, but the Hengduan Mountains, American ratsnakes, Australian pencil and unable to regulate your where Hot-spring Snakes are found, tiger snakes, and European grass own body temperature, and you’re stretch north-south (the name snakes. However, some snakes are doing a pretty good approximation ‘‘Hengduan” means ‘‘to transect” so specialized, it’s hard to believe. of a Tibetan Hot-spring Snake and ‘‘cut downward” in Chinese). Here, I’ll profile a few of the most (Thermophis). These tiny snakes Parallel north-south sub-ranges of specialized snakes (in terms of reach only 2.5 feet (76 cm) in the Hengduans are separated by habitat) on Earth. length and are found at elevations deep river valleys through which flow the famous Three Parallel Hot-spring Snakes above 14,000 feet (4267 m) on the Tibetan plateau in south-central Rivers: the Nujiang (Salween), Everyone likes a good soak in a hot China, higher than any other snake Lantsang (Mekong), and Jinshajiang spring now and again, but imagine continued on p. -
Tigerpaper 38-4.Pmd
REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (RAP), BANGKOK October-December 2011 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Regional Quarterly Bulletin on Wildlife and National Parks Management Vol. XXXVIII : No. 4 Featuring Focus on Asia-Pacific Forestry Week 2011 Vol. XXV: No. 4 Contents Pakke Tiger Reserve: An Overview...................................... 1 Scientific approach for tiger conservation in the Sundarbans... 5 A dragon-fly preys on dragonflies.........................................9 Study on commercially exported crab species and their ecology in Chilika Lake, Orissa, Sri Lanka.........................12 Urban wildlife: legal provisions for an interface zone..............16 Study of the reptilian faunal diversity of a fragmented forest patch in Kukulugala, Ratnapura district, Sri Lanka..............19 Status and distribution of Grey-crowned prinia in Chitwan National Park, Nepal....................................................... 28 REGIONAL OFFICE FOR ASIA AND THE PACIFIC TIGERPAPER is a quarterly news bulletin China hosts 24th session of the Asia-Pacific Forestry dedicated to the exchange of information Commission and 2nd Forestry Week................................. 1 relating to wildlife and national parks Opening Address by Eduardo Rojas-Briales.......................... 7 management for the Daily newsletter at Forestry Week........................................10 Asia-Pacific Region. Asia-Pacific Forestry Week Partner Events...........................12 ISSN 1014 - 2789 - Reflection Workshop of Kids-to-Forests -
Pyron Et Al 2013A.Pdf
This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues. Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. In most cases authors are permitted to post their version of the article (e.g. in Word or Tex form) to their personal website or institutional repository. Authors requiring further information regarding Elsevier’s archiving and manuscript policies are encouraged to visit: http://www.elsevier.com/copyright Author's personal copy Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 66 (2013) 969–978 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Genus-level phylogeny of snakes reveals the origins of species richness in Sri Lanka ⇑ R. Alexander Pyron a, , H.K. Dushantha Kandambi b, Catriona R. Hendry a, Vishan Pushpamal c, Frank T. Burbrink d,e, Ruchira Somaweera f a Dept. of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, 2023 G. St., NW, Washington, DC 20052, United States b Dangolla, Uda Rambukpitiya, Nawalapitiya, Sri Lanka c Kanneliya Rd., Koralegama, G/Panangala, Sri Lanka d Dept. of Biology, The Graduate School and University Center, The City University of New York, 365 5th Ave., New York, NY 10016, United States e Dept. of Biology, The College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, 2800 Victory Blvd., Staten Island, NY 10314, United States f Biologic Environmental Survey, 50B, Angove Street, North Perth, WA 6006, Australia article info abstract Article history: Snake diversity in the island of Sri Lanka is extremely high, hosting at least 89 inland (i.e., non-marine) Received 5 June 2012 snake species, of which at least 49 are endemic. -
Zootaxa, a Taxonomic Revision of the South Asian Hump
Zootaxa 2232: 1–28 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) A taxonomic revision of the South Asian hump-nosed pit vipers (Squamata: Viperidae: Hypnale) KALANA MADUWAGE1,2, ANJANA SILVA2,3, KELUM MANAMENDRA-ARACHCHI2 & ROHAN PETHIYAGODA2,4 1Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka 2Wildlife Heritage Trust, P.O. Box 66, Mt Lavinia, Sri Lanka 3Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka 4Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The hump-nosed pit vipers of the genus Hypnale are of substantial medical importance in Sri Lanka and India, being included among the five snakes most frequently associated with life-threatening envenoming in humans. The genus has hitherto been considered to comprise three species: H. hypnale, common to Sri Lanka and the Western Ghats of peninsular India; and H. nepa and H. walli, both of which are endemic to Sri Lanka. The latter two species have frequently been confused in the literature. Here, through a review of all extant name-bearing types in the genus, supplemented by examination of preserved specimens, we show that H. nepa is restricted to the higher elevations of Sri Lanka’s central mountains; that H. walli is a junior synonym of H. nepa; and that the endemic species widely distributed in the island’s south-western ‘wet-zone’ lowlands is H. zara. We also draw attention to a possibly new species known only from a single specimen collected near Galle in southern Sri Lanka. -
Guidelines for the Management of Snake-Bites
Guidelines for the management of snake-bites David A Warrell WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication data Warrel, David A. Guidelines for the management of snake-bites 1. Snake Bites – education - epidemiology – prevention and control – therapy. 2. Public Health. 3. Venoms – therapy. 4. Russell's Viper. 5. Guidelines. 6. South-East Asia. 7. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia ISBN 978-92-9022-377-4 (NLM classification: WD 410) © World Health Organization 2010 All rights reserved. Requests for publications, or for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications, whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution, can be obtained from Publishing and Sales, World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, Indraprastha Estate, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, New Delhi-110 002, India (fax: +91-11-23370197; e-mail: publications@ searo.who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. -
Hump-Nosed Pit Vipers and Their Bites in Sri Lanka
Hump-nosed pit vipers and their bites in Sri Lanka Hypnale hypnale (Merrem, 1820), H. nepa (Laurenti, 1768) and H. zara (Gray, 1849) Kolitha H. Sellahewa Introduction The hump-nosed pit viper (Hypnale hypnale, Merrem’s pit viper) is a snake widely distributed in Sri Lanka and the South Western coastal region of India. It is the commonest snake responsible for venomous snakebite in Sri Lanka, estimated to be between 22 to 77% of all snakebites (de Silva, 1981; Seneviratne, 2000). For centuries it was considered to be a relatively innocuous snake till in 1821, for the first time, swelling and bleeding due to bites by H. hypnale was reported in animals (Davy, 1821). Since then, apart from a few isolated case reports of renal injury and death, very little was published about the clinical features following its bites and the morbidity and mortality that resulted. H. hypnale, Merrem’s pit viper, was the species recognised to cause morbidity. However, clear detailed information about other species of hump-nosed vipers, and their clinical, toxinological and biological properties were not well studied nor documented till the turn of the twentieth century. Thereafter, many accurately documented papers about hump-nosed viper envenoming have appeared in the published literature. The hump-nosed viper is widely distributed in all the peneplanes of the country and is commonly found in coconut, rubber and tea plantations. Three species of hump-nosed vipers of the genus Hypnale are found in Sri Lanka. H. hypnale is widely distributed except in Jaffna. H. nepa is confined to the central hills and H. -
List of Snakes in the Indian Museum
: LIST SNAKES IN THE INDIAN MUSEUM. W. L. SCLATER, M. A., F. Z. S., DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OP THE INDIAN MUSEUM, CALCUTTA PRINTED BY OEDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN LIUSEm 1891. ^^> Issued Nov. 1 89 1, Price: One Rtcpec. I^tbrarg of t^e Museum OK COMPARATIYE ZOOLOGY, AT HARVARD fOLLECE, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. iFounticti tn pvt\3nte subscrfption, I'n 1861. No. \'X^^- F B B S E N T ]B » BY Uhc trustees OK THE INDIAN MUSEUM. REC JAN &ri892 LIST OP SNAKES IN THE INDIAN MUSEUM. BY W. L. SCLATER, M. A., F. Z. S., DEPUTY SUPERINTENDENT OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. CALCUTTA : PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE INDIAN MUSEUM. 1891. Issued Nov. 1891. Price : One Rupee. : .QL ^ S3H CALCUTTA PRINTED AT THE BAPTIST MISSION PRESS, 41, LOWER CIRCULAR ROAD. INTRODUCTION. The following is a mere List of the Snakes in the Indian Museum ; it has not seemed necessary to give descriptions or the synonymy of the various species, this having in the case of the Indian forms been quite recently, thoroughly done by Mr. Boulenger in his Reptiles of British India ; and in the case of the exotic forms neither are our collections large enough, nor is my knowledge sufficiently extensive for the task. I have therefore contented myself with giving in each case the Author of the specific name and a reference to the best description, not necessarily the original one, to which I have been able to get access. The following table shows the number of the species and specimens of Indian and Exotic Snakes in the Museum: Indian Exotic Total .. -
(Hump-Nosed Pit-Viper) and Calloselasma Rhodostoma (Malayan Pit-Viper) Venoms
JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 91 (2013) 338– 343 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect www.elsevier.com/locate/jprot Proteomic comparison of Hypnale hypnale (Hump-Nosed Pit-Viper) and Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan Pit-Viper) venoms Syed A. Alia,b,c,1, Kate Baumanna,1, Timothy N.W. Jacksona,b,1, Kelly Wooda,1, Steven Masond, Eivind A.B. Undheima,b, Amanda Nouwensd, Ivan Koludarova, Iwan Hendrikxa, Alun Jonesb, Bryan Grieg Frya,b,⁎ aVenom Evolution Lab, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072 Australia bInstitute for Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072 Australia cHEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan dSchool of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4072 Australia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Treatment of Hypnale hypnale bites with commercial antivenoms, even those raised against Received 18 June 2013 its sister taxon Calloselasma rhodostoma, has never been clinically successful. As these two Accepted 25 July 2013 genera have been separated for 20 million years, we tested to see whether significant variations in venom had accumulated during this long period of evolutionary divergence, and thus could be responsible for the failure of antivenom. Proteomic analyses of C. rhodostoma and Keywords: H. hypnale venom were performed using 1D and 2D PAGE as well as 2D-DIGE. C. rhodostoma Venom venom was diverse containing large amounts of Disintegrin, Kallikrein, L-amino acid oxidase, 2D gel DiGE Lectin, phospholipase A2 (acidic, basic and neutral) and Snake Venom Metalloprotease. In Antivenom contrast, while H. -
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163:943–958
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2011, 163, 943–958. With 6 figures Unravelling a tangle of Mexican serpents: a systematic revision of highland pitviperszoj_748 943..958 ROBERT C. JADIN1,2*, ERIC N. SMITH2 and JONATHAN A. CAMPBELL2 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado at Boulder, N122 Ramaley campus box 334, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 2Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Box 19498, Arlington, TX 76019, USA Received 3 August 2010; revised 4 March 2011; accepted for publication 9 March 2011 As most recently recognized, the name Cerrophidion barbouri Dunn, 1919, refers to a highland species of pitviper endemic to Guerrero, Mexico, of which Agkistrodon browni Shreve, 1938, is considered a junior synonym. This species is rarely collected and prior to recent decades it was known from only a few specimens. A careful re-examination of nearly all known specimens of C. barbouri and the type series of A. browni reveals that both names represent valid species and we therefore resurrect A. browni. Both species are extremely variable with respect to cephalic scalation and colour pattern, which has previously confounded efforts to identify them. We provide phylogenetic analyses using both Bayesian and maximum parsimony criteria of New World pitvipers to investigate the phylogenetic position of A. browni and C. barbouri. Our phylogenetic tree, based on 2235 bp of mitochondrial data [12S, 16S, cytochrome b (cyt b), NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4)], strongly supports a clade consisting of A. browni, C. barbouri, and Ophryacus melanurus, which has a distant sister relationship to Ophryacus undulatus. -
TRAFFIC Bulletin 31(1)
TRAFFIC 1 BULLETIN VOL. 31 NO. 1 31 NO. VOL. TRAFFIC is a leading non-governmental organisation working globally on trade in wild animals and plants in the context of both biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. For further information contact: The Executive Director TRAFFIC David Attenborough Building Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK Telephone: (44) (0) 1223 277427 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.traffic.org With thanks to The Rufford Foundation for contributimg to the production costs of the TRADE IN SRI LANKA’S REPTILES TRAFFIC Bulletin WILD ANIMAL USE IN LAO PDR is a strategic alliance of APRIL 2019 IVORY SALES IN NIGERIA The journal of TRAFFIC disseminates information on the trade in wild animal and plant resources GLOBAL TRAFFIC was established TRAFFIC International David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK. in 1976 to perform what Tel: (44) 1223 277427; E-mail: [email protected] AFRICA remains a unique role as a Central Africa Office c/o IUCN, Regional Office for Central Africa, global specialist, leading and PO Box 5506, Yaoundé, Cameroon. Tel: (237) 2206 7409; Fax: (237) 2221 6497; E-mail: [email protected] supporting efforts to identify Southern Africa Office c/o IUCN ESARO, 1st Floor, Hatfield Gables, 484 Hilda Street, Hatfield, Pretoria 0083, SouthAfrica. and address conservation Tel: (27) 12 342 8304/5; Fax: (27) 12 342 8289; E-mail: [email protected] challenges and solutions East Africa Office c/o WWF TCO, Plot 252 Kiko Street, Mikocheni, PO Box 105985, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tel/Fax: (255) 22 2701676; E-mail: [email protected] linked to trade in wild AMERICAS HARISH SEGAR / WWF animals and plants.