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Missouri Historical Revi Ew MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVI EW, CONTENTS Mark Twain, America's Most Widely Read Author Floyd C. Shoemaker The Mark Twain Centennial, 1835-1935 Roy T. King Steamboat Navigation On The Osage River Before The Civil War Gerard Schults The Development of Fiction on the Missouri Frontier (1830-1860), Part V Carle Brooks Spotts The Early History of Lead Mining in Missouri, Part V Ruby Johnson Swartzlow Missouriana Historical Notes and Comments Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks STATE HLSTORICA SOCIETY of MISSOURI OFFICERS OF THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI, 1932-1935 GEORGE A. MAHAN, Hannibal, President. EDWARD J. WHITE, St. Louis, First Vice-President. WALTER B. STEVENS, St. Louis, Second Vice-President. C. H. McCLURE, Kirksville, Third Vice-President. •CORNELIUS ROACH, Kansas City, Fourth Vice-President. B. M. LITTLE, Lexington, Fifth Vice-President. ALLEN McREYNOLDS, Carthage, Sixth Vice-President. R. B. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer. FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Secretary and Librarian. BOARD OF TRUSTEES Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1935 *T. H. B. DUNNEGAN, Bolivar. E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville. BEN L. EMMONS, St. Charles. JOHN ROTHENSTEINER, STEPHEN B. HUNTER, St. Louis. Cape Girardeau. CHAS. H. WHITAKER, Clinton. ISIDOR LOEB, St. Louis. ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonville. Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1936 PHIL A. BENNETT, Springfield. ELMER O. JONES, LaPlata. *W. E. CROWE, DeSoto. HENRY KRUG, Jr., St. Joseph. FORREST C. DONNELL, WM. SOUTHERN, JR., St. Louis. Independence. BOYD DUDLEY, Gallatin. CHARLES L. WOODS, Rolla. J. F. HULL, Maryville. Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1937 C. P. DORSEY, Cameron. W. J. SEWALL, Carthage. EUGENE FAIR, Kirksville. H. S. STURGIS, Neosho. THEODORE GARY, Kansas City. JONAS VILES, Columbia. GEORGE A. MAHAN, Hannibal. *R. M. WHITE, Mexico. WM. R. PAINTER, Carrollton. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-six trustees, the President and Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri, constitute the Executive Committee. •Deceased. THE MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW VOL. XXIX APRIL, 1935 NO. 3 CONTENTS Mark Twain, America's Most Widely Read Author 165 FLOYD C. SHOEMAKEB The Mark Twain Centennial, 1835-1935 169 ROY T. KING Steamboat Navigation On The Osage River Before The Civil War 175 GERARD SCRTTLTZ The Development of Fiction on the Missouri Frontier (1830- 1860), Part V 186 CARLE BROOKS SPOTTS The Early History of Lead Mining In Missouri, Part V.. 195 RUBY JOHNSON SWARTZLOW Missouriana 206 Historical Notes and Comments 220 Missouri History Not Found in Textbooks 252 FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Editor The Missouri Historical Review is published quarterly. It is sent free to all members of the State Historical Society of Missouri. Member­ ship dues in the Society are $1.00 a year. All communications should be addressed to Floyd C. Shoemaker, The State Historical Society of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. "Entered as second-class matter at the postoffice at Columbia, Mis­ souri, under Act of Congress, October S, 1917, Sec. H%-" CONTRIBUTORS SHOEMAKER, FLOYD C, editor of The Missouri Historical Review and secretary of the State Historical Society of Missouri since 1915, is the author of Missouri's Struggle for Statehood, Missouri's Hall of Fame, A History of Missouri and Missourians, and Missouri, Mother of the West (vol. 2). KING, ROY T., received his A. B. degree from the University of Missouri. He has been in charge of the newspaper department of the State Historical Society of Missouri since 1924. SCHULTZ, GERARD, received his A. B. degree from Knox College, Galesburg, 111., and his A. M. degree from the University of Minnesota. He is instructor of history in Iberia Junior College, Iberia, Missouri. SPOTTS, CARLE BROOKS, is head of the department of English at Missouri Valley College at Marshall, Missouri. He received his Ph. D. degree from Pennsylvania State College. He is co-author of The Art of Argument (1927) and compiled for the October, 1933, issue of the Review an article on "Mike Fink in Missouri." SWARTZLOW, RUBY JOHNSON, received her A. B. degree from Law­ rence College, Applet on, Wisconsin, and her A. M. degree in 1933 from the University of Missouri. She is a member of Phi Beta Kappa. Her husband, Dr. Carl Swartzlow, is instructor in geology at the University of Missouri. MARK TWAIN, AMERICA'S MOST WIDELY READ AUTHOR* BY FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER Samuel L. Clemens has been dead twenty-six years, almost the length of a generation; the centennial of his birth is at hand, a span of three generations; eighty-three years have passed since his first published article appeared; the first issue of the first edition of his first book is sixty-eight years old; the first complete biography of him, probably one of the two greatest biographies written in the English language, appeared within three years after his death; four other scholarly and lasting contributions on his life have also appeared, two within the last two years; two doctoral and nine master's dissertations on him and his work have been compiled and accepted in American universities within less than ten years; and the president of the American Library Association, Mr. Charles H. Compton,2 after carefully checking public library records on books in stock and books lent to readers, says: "I am sure I am safe in saying, if St. Louis is typical of other parts of America, that Mark Twain is today the most widely read American author, living or dead." It seems that those literary critics who would not give first rank to Mark Twain as an author have been in error and that the common man's literary judgment on Mark Twain, first given nearly three score and ten years ago, was and still is sound. Mark Twain as a man of letters cannot be judged either solely or largely by conduct or joke. The Eastern dons slipped when they "kept him under watch as a strange and wild, western animal on the carefully clipped lawn of New England letters." They mixed conduct and product. It has been 1This article was first published in the Mark Twain Centennial edition of the Hannibal Courier-Post and Hannibal Journal of March 6, 1935. 2Compton, Charles H., Who Reads What? Essays on the Readers of Mark Twain, Hardy, Sandburg, Shaw, William James, the Greek Classics, With An Introduction by Dorothy Canfield Fisher (New York, 1934). (165) 166 MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW hard for many literary lights to forget Mark Twain as "the after-dinner comedian, the flaunter of white dress clothes, the public character, the natural wag," the droll lecturer, the cigar-smoking machine, the maker of oaths, the blasphemer, the iconoclast of forms and standards,—or to forgive. If this great soul is now cognizant of mundane affairs, how he must smile kindly to recall his first reception in America's literary province, for at that time and place "Some sneered at him as a feeble mountebank; others refused to discuss him at all; not one harbored the slightest suspicion that he was a man of genius, or even one leg of a man of genius." Yet, here was genius, artistry, world spirit, and ever- soaring mastery. One critic of today, and he is a competent one, says that Mark Twain "derived from Rabelais, Chaucer, the Elizabethans and Benvenuto—buccaneers of the literary high seas, loud laughers, law breakers, giants of a lordlier day he wrote English as Michael Angelo hacked marble, broadly, brutally, magnificently .... he was utterly unconscious of the way he achieved his stagger­ ing effects." In the basement of the building which houses the collec­ tions of the State Historical Society of Missouri is a locked, metal case containing Hannibal, Missouri newspapers, published in the 1850s. These priceless historical papers, on which Mark Twain worked as devil and to which he con­ tributed, especially during the absence of his brother Orion, the editor, have become the most eagerly studied sources in the world on the literary beginnings of Missouri's and America's most widely read man of letters. Students and scholars carefully scan every line that promises to throw light on their subject. Columns of reading matter have been copied and whole volumes have been photostated. Requests from the entire United States necessitate frequent consulta­ tions by the Society's staff. The use of the newspapers in that single, steel, locked case is sufficient evidence of Mark Twain's present standing and widespread attraction. In the reading room of the State Historical Society of Missouri are two locked cases which contain one of the most complete Mark Twain collections in the United States. MARK TWAIN, AMERICA'S MOST WIDELY READ AUTHOR 167 Here authors and candidates for higher university degrees pour over the writings of the great writer, compare the changes in different editions of his works, note illustrations and prices, and carefully select and classify the words of his vocabulary—for, it has now become clear that Mark Twain was one of the outstanding contributors to our language, a creator of new words and phrases, a popularizer of others, and an inventor of new ways of conveying thought. In his recent and revealing book Who Reads What?, Mr. Charles H. Compton presents in his first chapter this significant data on Mark Twain: NUMBER OF COPIES, INCLUDING DUPLICATES, IN SOME OF THE PUBLIC LI­ BRARIES OF THIS COUNTRY, OF THE BOOKS OF AUTHORS NAMED Mark Sinclair Henry Ernest Twain Lewis James Hemingway St. Louis 1,897 472 388 30 Newark 1,341 310 107 101 Chicago 2,655 1,105 200 130 New York 122 148 73 70 (Central Branch) Boston 1,479 290 272 3 Total 7,494 2,325 1,040 334 Mr. Compton found that all classes of persons read Mark Twain, the largest being college, high school and elementary school students.
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