6 X 10.5 Long Title.P65

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Index

Abbo of Fleury, 127, 129 Monastic Agreement (Regularis Ælfric of Eynsham, 6, 17, 26, 27, 53, concordia),64,65 61–2, 62–3, 64, 65–6, 85, 87, Rule of St Benedict,64 90, 91–3, 109, 119, 122, 130, Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne, 17, 19, 134, 142, 163 106 Catholic Homilies, 127, 135 Alcuin, 17, 21, 45, 46, 49–50, 116 Catholic Homilies I Aldhelm, 21, 45, 46, 47, 50–2, 116, Ascension, 98 117 Epiphany, 137, 140, 162 De virginitate, 51, 117 Innocents, 137, 138 Enigmata,47 Preface, 61, 136 Alexander, Michael, 11 Catholic Homilies II Alfred, King, 6, 7, 17, 23, 26, 34, 53–6, Easter, 169 60–1, 87, 90, 97, 102, 103, 110, Epiphany, 138 113, 171, 179 Grammar Pastoral Care,58 Preface, 62 Preface to the Pastoral Care, 53–6, Letter to Sigeweard (On the Old and 60, 131, 170 New Testament), 92, 94, 96 Alfredian writings, 56–61, 91 Letter to the Monks of Eynsham,65 alliteration, 5, 6, 31, 51, 66 Life of St Æthelwold, 117, 127 Andreas,15,69 Lives of Saints Anglo-Saxon, as a label, 4, 33–5, 176, 180 Chrysanthus and Daria, 98, 116 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, 23, 25, 53, 102, Edmund, 116, 127–30 110–16, 129, 167, 169, 170 Eugenia, 122 ‘common stock’, 114 Oswald, 66 ‘Cynewulf and Cyneheard’ episode, Paraphrase of Book of Judith,94 78, 114–15 Preface to Genesis, 92, 131 Parker Chronicle (‘A’ version), 113 Æthelred II, King (Æthelred ‘the Peterborough Chronicle, 110, 166 Unready’), 27, 142 Anglo-Saxonism, 33, 176–7 Æthelthryth. See Etheldreda art, 18, 21, 25, 27, 84, 118–20 Æthelweard, 92 Asser, 25, 53, 60, 170 Chronicon, 53, 114 Life of King Alfred, 25, 53, 60, 98, Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester, 102–3, 115, 167 17, 27, 62, 63, 64, 119 Athelstan, King, 17, 25, 34

212

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Index 213

Attila, 29, 80 Bible, 49, 67, 84–6, 96, 97, 161 Auden, W. H., 186 Heptateuch, 91 audience, 32, 65, 75, 120, 136, 150 Vulgate, 49, 86 Augustine of Hippo, 58, 96, 98 biblical interpretation, 49, 58, 90, 92, City of God,97,98 96, 136–7, 137–40 Augustine, archbishop of Canterbury, biblical literature, 84–96 17, 19, 23, 105 Blickling Homilies, 63, 85, 135, aural, 65, 72, 74 136, 162 Azarias,93 Boniface, 47, 52 Borges, Jorge Luis, 186 Bale, John, religious polemicist, 170 Britons, 9, 18, 20, 37, 104, 105, 108, Battle of Brunanburh, The, 18–19, 112, 113, 142 181, 182 Brooke, Stopford, 77 Battle of Maldon, The, 15, 16, 70, 78, 79 Byrhtferth of Ramsey, 53, 103, 146 beasts of battle, 95 Bede, 1–4, 5, 6, 7, 17, 21–3, 31, 34, 45, Cædmon, 4, 5, 6, 7, 21, 68, 70, 87, 88 46, 47–9, 50, 55, 56, 68, 87, Cædmon’s Hymn,3,5,6,7,10,33 99–101, 108, 116, 117, 120, 167 Carolingian, 26, 45, 46, 49, 53 commentaries, 49, 85 Carson, Ciaran, 179, 187–9 De die iudicii,48 Charlemagne, 29, 46 Death Song, 32–3 charms, 148–9 Ecclesiastical History of the English Chaucer, Man of Law’s Tale, 168 People, 1–9, 18, 20, 48, 49, 98, Christ and Satan,93 100, 103–10, 113, 131, 168, Christian and secular, 7, 49, 67–9, 76, 170, 174, 180 79, 82, 83–4, 86, 131, 160–1 Old Englishversion, 4, 25, 57, 59, 109 church, 23, 27, 46, 49, 97, 104, 106, Lives of the Abbots,99 108, 120, 127, 141, 169, Martyrology, 123 173, 179 On Times (De temporibus),99 Cicero, 47, 50, 98 Lesser Chronicle,99 Cnut (Canute), King, 17, 27, 143 The Reckoning of Time (De comitatus, 68, 78, 95, 123, 158 temporum ratione),99 computus,53,99 Greater Chronicle, 99, 101 Consolation of Philosophy (Boethius), Benedictine reform, 26–7, 53, 62–3, Old English version, 58 134, 140, 158 conversion, 2, 19–20, 45, 67, 105, Benedictional of St Æthelwold, 27, 118 109, 134 Beowulf,3,8,10,15,40,42,44,67,78, Conybeare, J. J., translator, 175 80, 82–4, 109, 145, 160, 163, Cotton, Sir Robert, antiquarian, 169 174, 183 Cuthbert, bishop of Lindisfarne, 7, 17, appropriations 106, 161 Beowulf, 166 Cynewulf, poet, 72, 123, 125 Beowulf and Grendel, 166 Eaters of the Dead, 166 Danelaw, 23–4 Outlander, 166 Daniel,93 The 13th Warrior, 165 Danish rule in England, 27

214 Index

dating of literature, 14–16, 26, 82 Finnsburh Fragment, The,78 Deor, 77, 78, 154, 155 formalism, 13 dialect, Anglian, 56, 63 formulaic language, 5, 6, 13, 31, 42, 43, dialect, Mercian, 56, 57 44, 51, 112 dialect, Northumbrian, 30, 33 formulaic studies, 13 dialect, West Saxon, 14, 33, 64 Foucault, Michel, 12 Dialogues of Gregory the Great, Old English version. See Wærferth gender, 9, 63, 79–80, 95, 122 digital technology, 10, 190, 191 Genesis (Old Saxon), 87 Dream of the Rood, The,7,21,68, Genesis A,93 86–7 Genesis B,93 Dunstan, archbishop of Canterbury, geography, 60–1, 146–8 17, 27, 62 Germanic poetry, 37 Durham,29 Germanic tribes, 36–7 Germanicizing, 68, 131 Eagleton, Terry, 10 Gildas, On the Ruin and Conquest of Edgar, King, 17, 27, 64 Britain, 19, 142 Edmund, king of East Anglia, 127–30 gloss, 88, 90, 92 Edward the Confessor, King, 17, 27, Gododdin,20 172 Gower, Tale of Constance, 168 Edwin, king of Northumbria, 105, Grave, The, 29, 166, 175, 182 109–10 great army, 23 Einhard Greek, 45, 53, 117 Life of Charlemagne, 98, 102 Gregory the Great, pope, 19, 29, 53, elegiac mood, 153, 155–6 105, 108, 139 elegies, Old English, 78, 153–62 Grimm, Jacob, philologist, 176 Elstob, Elizabeth, scholar, 173, 175 Guthlac, hermit, 161 England/English, as concept, 8, 25, 34, 64, 109, 114, 141, 169, hagiography. See saints’ lives 176, 185 Harthacnut, King, 27 enigmata. See riddles, Latin Heaney, Seamus, 4, 11, 179, 186, 187 Etheldreda, abbess, 48, 118, 120, 121 Beowulf,11 ethnic identity, 10, 12, 34, 37, 104, 108, Heliand,87,90 176–8 hermeneutic style, 53, 65, 144 Eusebius of Caesarea hero, 80–2 Chronicon, 101 heroic age, 37, 77, 84 History of the Church, 101, 138 heroic poetry, 77–84, 96, 124, 129, 159 Eusebius, Latin riddler, 47 Hickes, George, scholar, 171, 172 exegesis. See biblical interpretation Hild, abbess, 2, 3, 7, 17, 122 exile, 68, 86, 153, 158, 159–62 historiography, 3–4, 53, 59, 115, 167–8 Exodus,86 history, 9–10, 16–30, 96–8 homilies, 14, 136, 143, 161–2 Fates of the Apostles, The,68,72 Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 184 Felix of Crowland, Life of St Guthlac, Husband’s Message, The, 72, 155, 57, 117 160, 188

Index 215

Isidore of Seville, 81 Cambridge Psalter, 88 Cambridge, Corpus Christi Jefferson, Thomas, American Library 201, 163 Founding Father, 177 Exeter Book (Exeter Cathedral Jerome, 49, 50, 85 3501), 70, 73, 123, 149, 153, Judith, 87, 93–6 157, 158, 163 Juliana, 123–6 Junius Manuscript (Bodleian, Junius 11), 70, 72 Kemble, John Mitchell, 176, 181 Paris Psalter, 69, 91 Kent, 19, 23 Vercelli Book (Vercelli, Biblioteca Ker, W. P., 77 Capitolare CXVII), 70, 163 Kermode, Frank, 12 Maxims I, 145 Maxims II, 145 Lambarde, William, scholar, 170 Mercia, 20, 25, 59 Latin language, 45–6, 132 metre, Old English, 31, 41, 66 Latin literature, 4, 14, 21, 25, 45–53, Metres of Boethius,69 72, 73, 99–101, 102–3, Middleton, Thomas, Hengist, King of 103–10 Kent, 172 laws, 23, 87 migration, 36–7 Legend of the Seven Sleepers,Old migration period, 17–19 English version, 121, 123 miracles, 3, 59, 97, 98, 106, 116, 139 Levertov, Denise, 186 monasteries, 7–8, 21, 69, 146, 162 libraries, 21 Morgan, Edwin, 186 Life of St Euphrosyne, Old English Morris, William, 183 version, 122, 123 Muldoon, Paul, 179 Life of St Mary of Egypt, Old English version, 63, 123 New Critics, 13 Lindisfarne Gospels, 21, 88, 90 Norman Conquest, 26, 27, 33, 34 literacy, 45, 55 Norman period, 25, 27–9, 64, literary language, 6, 14, 25, 55, 60, 62, 167–8 64–5, 112–13, 132; see Old Norse language, 24, 113 English poetry, qualities Northumbria, 19, 20, 21, 104, 106, 168 rhythmical prose, 65–6 Nowell, Laurence, scholar, 170 standard Old English, 64–5, 112, 166 Offa, king of Mercia, 17, 20 Winchester vocabulary, 64 Ohthere, traveller, 60, 97, 146 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 180–2 Old English Bede. See Bede Old English Martyrology, 56, 117, 122, MacNeice, Louis, 186 126 magico-medical literature, 148–9 Old English poetic traditions, 7, manuscripts, 6, 14, 15–16, 26, 29, 44, 39–44, 66–73, 77–81, 96, 118, 63, 64, 69–70, 72, 74, 85, 88, 123–6, 141, 149–53, 91, 148, 162–4 153–62 Beowulf Manuscript (Cotton Old English poetry, qualities, 8, 15, 40 Vitellius A. xv), 70, 82, 93 ambiguity, 32

216 Index

Old English poetry, qualities (cont.) Riddle 66, 151 apposition, 31, 42–3 Riming Poem, The, 154 compound words, 31, 42 Rome, 27, 59, 100, 101, 104, 169 kennings, 42 Ruin, The, 144, 155 parallelism, 31 Rune Poem, The,72 poetic vocabulary, 42, 43 runic alphabet, 30, 38–9 synonyms, 31, 42 Ruthwell Cross, 21, 38, 87 syntax, 42, 44 variation, 31, 42–3 St Dunstan’s Classbook, 27 Old English prose, 5–6, 14, 21, 25–6, saints’ lives, 14, 94, 116–30 66, 91–2, 110–15, 127–30, 132, Latin, 21, 52, 117, 167 133–43 Old English, 117, 118–30 Old English, as a label, 33–5 Scandinavian settlement, 23–4, 113 orality, 5, 37–40, 42, 43, 44, 45, scop, 39–42, 43, 67, 72, 82 72, 74 Scots (language), 35 Orosius scriptoria,7 History against the Pagans, 59, 97, Seafarer, The, 7, 68–9, 154, 155, 100 158–62 Old English version, 59, 60–1, 97 Shakespeare, William, 172 Oswald, bishop of Worcester and six ages of the world, 96 archbishop of York, 27 skaldic verse, 27 Oswald, king of Northumbria, 17, 106 Soliloquies (Augustine), Old English version, 58–9 Paris Psalter, 69, 90–1 Staffordshire Hoard, 10, 165 prose, 58, 59, 87 Streanaeshalch. See Whitby verse, 91 Sutton Hoo, 17, 18, 84 Parker, Matthew, archbishop of Sweyn, King, 17, 27 Canterbury, 169, 170 Swift, Jonathan, 173 philology, 13, 175, 177 Symphosius, Latin riddler, 46, 73 post-Conquest Old English literature, 14, 27–9, 65 Tacitus, 36, 37 Pound, Ezra, 184 Talbot, Robert, antiquarian, 168 Psalms, Old English prose. See Paris Tatwine, Latin riddler, 47 Psalter: prose Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 182–3 textuality, 5, 23, 44, 55, 72, 73–5 Resignation, 155 Theodore of Tarsus, 45, 106 riddles, Latin, 21, 46–7, 144, 149 theology, 32, 47, 87, 97, 98, 99, 161, 169 riddles, Old English, 8, 72, 144, 149–53 timeline, 17, 63, 88–90 Riddle 5, 151, 153 Tolkien, J. R. R., 12, 13, 184–6 Riddle 9, 151, 153 ‘The Homecoming of Beorhtnoth Riddle 25, 153 Beorhthelm’s Son’, 185–6 Riddle 26,85 translation, 4–5, 8, 25, 32, 46, 55, 57, Riddle 40, 152 58, 60, 74, 86, 87, 90–1, 92, Riddle 47, 73–5, 144, 152 130–2, 191–2 Riddle 60, 155, 188 Tremulous Hand of Worcester, 166

Index 217

Trevet, Nicholas, Chroniques, 168 Wilfrid, bishop, 106, 107 Turner, Sharon, historian, 171, 177, 180 William I, ‘the Conqueror’, 17 William of Malmesbury, 51, 167–8 Vercelli homilies, 63, 135, 136, 162 Winchester, 17, 62, 63, 64 Vikings, 23–5, 27, 55, 94, 113, 128 Winchester vocabulary. See literary language Wærferth, bishop, 54, 59 wisdom literature, 146 Dialogues,57,59 Wonders of the East, 145, 148 Waldere,67,70,78,80 Wordsworth, William, 179–80 Wanderer, The, 154, 155 writing system, Old English, 30–1 Wessex, 23, 25, 45, 57, 60, 61, 64, 109, Wulf and Eadwacer, 8, 155, 156–7 113, 114 Wulfstan of Winchester, 53 West Saxon Gospels, 90 Wulfstan, bishop of Worcester and Wheelock, Abraham, scholar, 170 archbishop of York, 17, 26, 27, Whitby, 6 65, 134, 141, 163 Widsith, 43, 44, 67, 77, 78, 146 Sermon of the Wolf to the English Wife’s Lament, The, 8, 155, 157 (Sermo Lupi ad Anglos),27, Wihtræd, king of Kent, 23 140–3 Wilbur, Richard, 186 Wulfstan, traveller, 61, 97, 146