1 Ave Maria Dominican Chant for the Immaculate Conception

n December 8, 1854, Blessed Pius IX defined the dogma of the Immaculate Conception: “We declare, pronounce, and define that the doctrine which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary, at the first instant of her conception, by a singular privilege and grace of the Omnip- Ootent God, in virtue of the merits of Jesus Christ, the Savior of mankind, was preserved immaculate from all stain of original sin, has been revealed by God, and therefore should firmly and constantly be believed by all the faithful.” Fifty years later, when the Dominican friars of the Province of St. Joseph established a new house of formation in Washington, D.C., it was dedicated to Our Lady of the Immac- ulate Conception. For more than a hundred years, the Dominicans of the Priory of the Immaculate Conception have lovingly hailed Mary as their Mother and Patroness, praising her each night with the and celebrating with special solemnity the feast of her Immaculate Conception on December 8. In the years immediately following the declaration of the dogma in 1854, Dominican friars would have continued to sing the Marian chants from the Common of Saints that date back to the early Mid- dle Ages. In 1863, however, Blessed Pius IX promulgated a new set of texts to highlight the definitive promulgation of the dogma. In response, many musicians throughout the Church composed new mel- odies or adapted earlier chants to set the new texts to appropriate music. The following year, one of the first musical settings of these new texts was published by the French Dominican Pie Bernard (1826– 1899) in the Supplementum ad Cantus Missarum juxta ritum Sacri Ordinis Praedicatorum (Mechlin: H. Dessain, 1864). In this publication, Père Bernard adapted chants from the medieval Dominican repertoire to the new texts. In 1890, Père Bernard published a new edition of the Graduale based more closely on the earliest medieval Dominican manuscripts. In this edition, he made slight revisions to some of the chants of the Immaculate Conception and provided newly composed settings for the Al- leluia and Offertory chants as well as a setting of the Communion chant based on a medieval melody. In this recording, the Schola Cantorum of the the Priory of the Immaculate Conception sings the medieval chants of the Blessed Virgin Mary used by Dominicans for this feast prior to 1863 as well as the chants published by Pie Bernard in 1890. In addition, this recording includes some of the Marian chants sung by Dominicans in the celebration of Compline, the Night Office of the Church. This re- cording is dedicated to the Holy Virgin Mother of God, the Immaculate Conception, who is our life, our sweetness, and our hope. Medieval Mass of the Blessed Virgin Mary 1. Gaudeamus omnes (Officium) 3:00 audeamus omnes in Domino, diem et us all rejoice in the Lord, celebrating Gfestum celebrantes sub honore beat- La feast day in honor of the blessed vir- ae Mariae virginis, de cujus conceptione gin Mary, in whose conception the angels gaudent angeli, et collaudant Filium Dei. rejoice and give praise to the Son of God. Eructavit cor meum verbum bonum: dico My heart has uttered a good word; I speak ego opera mea regi. my works to the King. (Ps 44:2) 2. Kyrie 2:03 yrie eleison. Christe eleison. Kyrie ord, have mercy. Christ, have mercy. Keleison. LLord, have mercy. 3. Gloria 2:57 loria in excelsis Deo, et in terra pax lory to God in the highest, and on earth Ghominibus bonae voluntatis. Lauda- Gpeace to people of good will. We praise mus te, benedicimus te, adoramus te, glo- you, we bless you, we adore you, we glorify rificamus te. Gratias agimus tibi propter you, we give you thanks for your great glory, magnam gloriam tuam. Domine Deus, rex Lord God, heavenly King, O God, almighty caelestis, Deus Pater omnipotens. Father. Domine Fili unigenite, Jesu Christe. Domine Lord Jesus Christ, Only Begotten Son, Lord Deus, Agnus Dei, Filius Patris, qui tollis pec- God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father, you cata mundi, miserere nobis; qui tollis pecca- take away the sins of the world, have mercy ta mundi, suscipe deprecationem nostram; on us; you take away the sins of the world, qui sedes ad dexteram Patris, miserere nobis. receive our prayer; you are seated at the right hand of the Father, have mercy on us. Quoniam tu solus Sanctus, tu solus Domi- For you alone are the Holy One, you alone nus, tu solus altissimus, Jesu Christe, cum are the Lord, you alone are the Most High, Sancto Spiritu in gloria Dei Patris. Amen. Jesus Christ, with the Holy Spirit, in the glo- ry of God the Father. Amen. 1 4. Propter veritatem (Responsorium) 2:20 ropter veritatem, et mansuetudinem, n account of truth, and meekness, and Pet justitiam: et deducet te mirabiliter Ojustice, your right hand shall draw you dextera tua. Audi filia, et vide, et inclina forth wonderfully. Hear, O daughter, and aurem tuam: quia concupivit rex speciem see, and incline your ear, for the king has tuam. greatly desired your beauty. (Ps 44:5, 11–12) 5. Conceptio gloriosae (Alleluia) 2:22 lleluia, alleluia. Conceptio gloriosae lleluia, alleluia. This is the conception Avirginis Mariae ex semine Abrahae, Aof the glorious virgin Mary, of the seed ortae de tribu Juda, clara ex stirpe David. of Abraham, of the tribe of Judah, of the no- Alleluia. ble race of David. Alleuia. 6. Credo 3:48 redo in unum Deum, Patrem omnipo- believe in one God, the Father almighty, Ctentem, factorem caeli et terrae, visibili- Imaker of heaven and earth, of all things um omnium et invisibilium. visible and invisible. Et in unum Dominum Jesum Christum, I believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the Only Filium Dei unigenitum, et ex Patre natum Begotten Son of God, born of the Father ante omnia saecula. Deum de Deo, lumen before all ages. God from God, Light from de lumine, Deum verum de Deo vero: Ge- Light, true God from true God, begotten, nitum non factum, consubstantialem Patri: not made, consubstantial with the Father; per quem omnia facta sunt. Qui propter nos through him all things were made. For us homines, et propter nostram salutem, de- men and for our salvation he came down scendit de caelis. Et incarnatus est de Spiritu from heaven, and by the Holy Spirit was Sancto ex Maria Virgine: et homo factus est. incarnate of the Virgin Mary, and became man.

2 Crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pila- For our sake he was crucified under Pontius to, passus et sepultus est. Et resurrexit ter- Pilate, he suffered death and was buried, and tia die secundum Scripturas. Et ascendit in rose again on the third day in accordance caelum: sedet ad dexteram Patris. Et iterum with the Scriptures. He ascended into heav- venturus est cum gloria, judicare vivos et en and is seated at the right hand of the Fa- mortuos: cujus regni non erit finis. ther. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead and his kingdom will have no end. Et in Spiritum Sanctum, Dominum, et vivif- I believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the icantem: qui ex Patre Filioque procedit. Qui giver of life, who proceeds from the Father cum Patre et Filio simul adoratur et conglo- and the Son, who with the Father and the rificatur: qui locutus est per Prophetas. Son is adored and glorified, who has spoken through the prophets. Et unam, sanctam, catholicam, et apostoli- I believe in one, holy, catholic and apostolic cam Ecclesiam. Confiteor unum baptisma Church. I confess one baptism for the for- in remissionem peccatorum. Et expecto giveness of sins and I look forward to the resurrectionem mortuorum et vitam venturi resurrection of the dead and the life of the saeculi. Amen. world to come. Amen. 7. Felix namque (Offertorium) 1:45 elix namque es sacra virgo Maria, et ou are happy, O holy virgin Mary, and Fomni laude dignissima: quia ex te ortus Ymost worthy of all praise, because from est sol justitiae, Christus Deus noster. you arose the sun of justice, Christ our God. 8. Preface 2:44 er omnia saecula saeculorum. Amen. or ever and ever. Amen. The Lord be with PDominus vobiscum. Et cum spiritu tuo. Fyou. And with your spirit. Lift up your Sursum corda. Habemus ad Dominum. Gra- hearts. We lift them up to the Lord. Let us tias agamus Domino Deo nostro. Dignum et give thanks to the Lord our God. It is right justum est. and just.

3 Vere dignum et justum aequum et salutare, It is truly right and just, our duty and our nos tibi semper et ubique gratias agere Do- salvation, always and everywhere to give you mine sancte, Pater omnipotens, aeterne thanks, holy Lord, Father almighty, eternal Deus. God, Et te in Conceptione Immaculata beatae And that we should with glad hearts praise, Mariae semper virginis exsultantibus animis bless, and glorify you on the feast of the laudare, benedicere, et praedicare. Immaculate Conception of the blessed ev- er-virgin Mary, Quae et Unigenitum tuum Sancti Spiritus Who by the overshadowing of the Holy Spir- obumbratione concepit, et virginitatis gloria it conceived your Only-begotten Son, and permanente, mundo lumen aeternum effu- without losing the glory of her virginity gave dit, Jesum Christum Dominum nostrum. to the world the eternal light, Jesus Christ our Lord, Per quem majestatem tuam laudant angeli, Through whom the angels praise your maj- adorant dominationes, tremunt potestates; esty, the dominations adore, and powers caeli, caelorumque virtutes, ac beata sera- tremble before you; heaven and the virtues phim, socia exsultatione concelebrant. of heaven and the blessed seraphim worship together with exultation. Cum quibus et nostras voces ut amitti jubeas May our voices, we pray, join with theirs in deprecamur, supplici confessione dicentes: humble praise, as we acclaim: 9. Sanctus 1:29 anctus, Sanctus, Sanctus Dominus Deus oly, Holy, Holy Lord God of hosts. SSabaoth. Pleni sunt caeli et terra gloria HHeaven and earth are full of your glory. tua. Hosanna in excelsis. Benedictus qui ve- Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who nit in nomine Domini. Hosanna in excelsis. comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest.

4 10. Agnus Dei 1:14 gnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, amb of God, you take away the sins of Amiserere nobis. Agnus Dei, qui tollis Lthe world, have mercy on us. Lamb of peccata mundi, miserere nobis. Agnus Dei, God, you take away the sins of the world, qui tollis peccata mundi, dona nobis pacem. have mercy on us. Lamb of God, you take away the sins of the world, grant us peace. 11. Beata viscera (Communio) 0:45 eata viscera Mariae virginis, quae por- lessed is the womb of the virgin Mary, Btaverunt aeterni Patris Filium. Bwhich bore the Son of the eternal Father. 12. Ite missa est 0:26 te, missa est. o forth, the Mass is ended. Thanks be IDeo gratias. Gto God.

Modern Mass of the Immaculate Conception 13. Gaudens gaudebo (Officium) 3:32 audens gaudebo in Domino, et ex- ejoicing, I will rejoice in the Lord, and Gsultabit anima mea in Deo meo: quia Rmy soul shall be joyful in my God, for induit me vestimentis salutis, et indumen- he has clothed me with the garments of to justitiae circumdedit me, quasi sponsam salvation, and he has covered me with the ornatam monilibus suis. Exaltabo te, Do- robe of justice, as a bride adorned with her mine, quoniam suscepisti me: nec delectasti jewels. I will extol you, O Lord, for You inimicos meos super me. (Melody adapted have upheld me, and have not made my from Laetare Jerusalem, Fourth Sunday of enemies rejoice over me. (Isaiah 61:10, Ps Lent) 29:2)

5 14. Benedicta es (Responsorium) 2:27 enedicta es tu, virgo Maria, a Domino lessed are you, O virgin Mary, by the BDeo excelso, prae omnibus mulieribus BLord the most high God, above all super terram. Tu gloria Jerusalem, tu la- women upon the earth. You are the glory etitia Israel, tu honorificentia populi nostri. of Jerusalem, you are the joy of Israel, you (Melody adapted from Misit Dominus, First are the honor of our people. (Judith 13:23, Sunday after the Octave of Epiphany) 15:10) 15. Tota pulchra es (Alleluia) 2:12 lleluia, alleluia. Tota pulchra es, Maria, lleluia, alleluia. You are all-beautiful, Aet macula originalis non est in te. Al- AO Mary, and there is in you no stain leluia. of original sin. Alleluia. (Song of Songs 4:7) 16. Ave Maria (Offertorium) 1:24 ve Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum: ail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with Abenedicta tu in mulieribus, alleluia. Hyou. Blessed are you among women, alleluia. (Luke 1:28) 17. Gloriosa dicta (Communio) 0:42 loriosa dicta sunt de te, Maria, quia fe- lorious things are told of you, O Mary, Gcit tibi magna qui potens est. (Melody Gfor he who is mighty has done great adapted from Qui meditabitur, Ash Wednes- things for you. (Ps 86:3, Luke 1:49) day)

6 Compline Chants for the Blessed Virgin Mary 18. Te lucis ante terminum (Hymn) 1:58 e lucis ante terminum, o you, before the close of day, TRerum Creator, poscimus TCreator of the world, we pray Ut solita clementia That, with accustomed kindness you Sis praesul ad custodiam. Would be our protector in guarding us. Procul recedant somnia May fantasies recede far away Et noctium phantasmata: As well as the phantasms of the night; Hostemque nostrum comprime, And crush our enemy, Ne polluantur corpora. Lest our bodies should be dishonored. Maria, mater gratiae, O Mary, mother of grace, Mater misericordiae, Mother of mercy, Tu nos ab hoste protege, Protect us from the enemy Et hora mortis suscipe. And support us at the hour of death. Gloria tibi, Domine, Glory be to you, O Lord, Qui natus es de Virgine, Who were born of the Virgin, Cum Patre et Sancto Spiritu, Together with the Father and the Holy Spirit, In sempiterna saecula. Amen. Unto everlasting ages. Amen. 19. Virgo Maria (Psalm antiphon) 0:35 irgo Maria, non est tibi similis nata o woman born in the world is your equal, Vin mundo inter mulieres, florens ut NVirgin Mary, blossoming like the rose, rosa, fragrans sicut lilium: ora pro nobis, fragrant as the lily: pray for us, holy Mother sancta Dei Genetrix. of God.

7 20. In manus tuas . . . alleluia (Responsory) 1:02 n manus tuas, Domine, commendo nto your hands, Lord, I commend my spir- Ispiritum meum, alleluia, alleluia. Re- Iit, alleluia, alleluia. You have redeemed us, demisti nos, Domine Deus veritatis. Al- Lord God of truth. Alleluia, alleluia. Glory to leluia, alleluia. Gloria Patri, et Filio, et the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spiritui Sancto. Spirit. 21. Corde et animo, Nunc dimittis (Gospel canticle) 1:46 orde et animo Christo canamus glo- ith heart and mind let us sing glory to Criam in hac sacra sollemnitate prae- WChrist on this sacred festival of the il- celsae Genetricis Dei Mariae. lustrious Mary, Mother of God. Cant. Nunc dimittis servum tuum, Do- Canticle: Lord, now you let your servant go in mine, secundum verbum tuum in pace; peace; your word has been fulfilled: my own Quia viderunt oculi mei salutare tuum, eyes have seen the salvation which you have Quod parasti ante faciem omnium pop- prepared in the sight of every people: a light to ulorum: Lumen ad revelationem gentium reveal you to the nations and the glory of your et gloriam plebis tuae Israël. people Israel. (Luke 2:29–32)

8 Salve Procession 22. Salve Regina 3:00 alve Regina, Mater misericordiae: vita, ail, O Queen, mother of mercy; hail, our Sdulcedo et spes nostra, salve. Hlife, our sweetness and our hope. Ad te clamamus exsules filii Evae. Ad te To you we cry, exiled children of Eve; to you suspiramus, gementes, et flentes in hac we send up our sighs, mourning and weeping, lacrimarum valle. in this vale of tears. Eia ergo advocata nostra, illos tuos miseri- So then, our advocate, turn your eyes of mercy cordes oculos ad nos converte; Et Jesum, towards us, and after this our exile, show to us benedictum fructum ventris tui, nobis the blessed fruit of your womb, Jesus. post hoc exsilium ostende. O clemens, O pia, O dulcis Virgo Maria. O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary. 23. Litany of Loreto 5:37 yrie, eleison. ord, have mercy. KChriste, eleison. LChrist, have mercy. Kyrie, eleison. Lord, have mercy. Christe, audi nos. Christ, hear us. Christe, exaudi nos. Christ, hearken to us. Pater de caelis Deus, miserere nobis. God the Father of heaven, have mercy on us. Fili, Redemptor mundi, Deus, God the Son, redeemer of the world, Spiritus Sancte, Deus, God the Holy Spirit, Sancta Trinitas, unus Deus, Holy Trinity, one God, Sancta Maria, ora pro nobis. Holy Mary, pray for us. Sancta Dei Genitrix, Holy Mother of God, Sancta Virgo virginum, Holy Virgin of virgins, Mater Christi, Mother of Christ, Mater Ecclesiae, Mother of the Church,

9 Mater divinae gratiae, Mother of divine grace, Mater purissima, Mother most pure, Mater castissima, Mother most chaste, Mater inviolata, Mother inviolate, Mater intemerata, Mother undefiled, Mater amabilis, Mother most lovable, Mater admirabilis, Mother most admirable, Mater boni consilii, Mother of good counsel, Mater Creatoris, Mother of the Creator, Mater Salvatoris, Mother of the Savior, Virgo prudentissima, Virgin most prudent, Virgo veneranda, Virgin most venerable, Virgo praedicanda, Virgin most to be proclaimed, Virgo potens, Virgin most powerful, Virgo clemens, Virgin most merciful, Virgo fidelis. Virgin most faithful. Speculum justitiae, Mirror of justice, Sedes sapientiae, Seat of wisdom, Causa nostrae laetitiae, Cause of our joy, Vas spirituale, Spiritual vessel, Vas honorabile, Honorable vessel, Vas insigne devotionis, Eminent vessel of devotion, Rosa mystica, Mystical rose, Turris Davidica, Tower of David, Turris eburnea, Tower of ivory, Domus aurea, House of gold, Fœderis arca, Ark of the covenant, Janua caeli, Door of heaven, Stella matutina, Morning star, Salus infirmorum, Health of the sick,

10 Refugium peccatorum, Refuge of sinners, Consolatrix afflictorum, Consoler of the afflicted, Auxilium Christianorum. Help of Christians. Regina Angelorum, Queen of angels, Regina Patriarcharum, Queen of patriarchs, Regina Prophetarum, Queen of prophets, Regina Apostolorum, Queen of apostles, Regina Martyrum, Queen of martyrs, Regina Confessorum, Queen of confessors, Regina Virginum, Queen of virgins, Regina Sanctorum omnium, Queen of all saints, Regina sine labe originali concepta, Queen conceived without original sin, Regina in caelum assumpta, Queen assumed into heaven, Regina sacratissimi Rosarii, Queen of the Most Holy , Regina familiae, Queen of the family, Regina pacis. Queen of peace. Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the parce nobis, Domine. world, spare us, O Lord. Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the exaudi nos, Domine. world, hearken to us, O Lord. Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the miserere nobis. world, have mercy on us.

11 24. Inviolata 1:02 nviolata, intacta et casta es, Maria: ou are inviolate, undefiled and chaste, Iquae es effecta fulgida caeli porta. O YMary: you have been made the shining mater alma Christi carissima, suscipe pia gate of heaven. O most dear and loving moth- laudum praeconia. Nostra ut pura pectora er of Christ, receive our faithful cries of praise. sint et corpora, te nunc flagitant devota That our souls and bodies might be pure, de- corda et ora. Tua per precata dulcisona voted hearts and mouths now entreat you. By nobis concedas veniam per saecula, O be- your sweet-sounding prayers may you grant nigna, quae sola inviolata permansisti. us pardon for all time, O kind one, who alone has remained inviolate. 25. O lumen Ecclesiae 1:09 lumen Ecclesiae, doctor verita- light of the Church, teacher of truth, rose Otis, rosa patientiae, ebur castitatis, Oof patience, ivory of chastity, you freely aquam sapientiae propinasti gratis: prae- poured forth the water of wisdom; preacher of dicator gratiae, nos junge beatis. grace, unite us with the blessed.

Marian Antiphons 26. 1:47 lma Redemptoris Mater, quae pervia oving Mother of the Redeemer, you who Acaeli porta manes, et stella maris, suc- Lremain the open gate of heaven, and the curre cadenti surgere qui curat populo: Tu star of the sea, hasten to the aid of your peo- quae genuisti natura mirante tuum sanc- ple who, falling, strive to rise again. You who, tum Genitorem, Virgo prius ac posterius, to the wonderment of nature, bore your holy Gabrielis ab ore sumens illud Ave, pecca- Creator, remaining a virgin after as before, re- torum miserere. ceiving that “Ave” from the mouth of Gabriel: have mercy on us sinners.

12 27. 1:20 ve, Regina caelorum; Ave, Domina ail, Queen of Heaven. Hail, Mistress of AAngelorum. Salve radix sancta, Ex Hthe Angels. Hail the holy root, whence qua mundo lux est orta. Gaude gloriosa, came the light of the world. Rejoice, O glori- super omnes speciosa. Vale, valde decora, ous one, beautiful above all others. Farewell, et pro nobis semper Christum exora. O fairest one, and for us always pray to Christ. 28. 1:27 egina caeli, laetare, alleluia: quia quem ueen of heaven, rejoice, alleluia. For he Rmeruisti portare, alleluia, jam as- Qwhom you were worthy to bear, alleluia, cendit, sicut dixit, alleluia. Ora pro nobis has now ascended as he said, alleluia. Pray for Deum, alleluia. us to God, alleluia. 29. 0:49 ub tuum praesidium confugimus, sanc- e fly to your protection, holy mother of Sta Dei Genetrix; nostras deprecationes WGod. Do not despise our prayers in our ne despicias in necessitatibus, sed a peri- needs, but ever deliver us from all dangers, O culis cunctis libera nos semper, Virgo ben- blessed Virgin. edicta. 30. Recordare Virgo Mater 1:11 ecordare Virgo mater, dum steteris in emember, O Virgin mother, when you Rconspectu Dei, ut loquaris pro nobis Rstand in the sight of God, to say good bona, et ut avertas indignationem suam a things on our behalf, and to turn away his nobis. anger from us.

13 Schola Cantorum of the Dominican Friars Dominican House of Studies, Washington, D.C.

Director: Fr. James Junípero Moore, O.P. Assistant Director: Br. Vincent Ferrer Bagan, O.P.

Recording Engineer: Br. Justin Bolger, O.P. Recorded at the Franciscan Monastery of the Holy Land, Washington, D.C., Fall 2014 Mastering Engineer: Scott Hull, Masterdisk, New York, N.Y. Musical edition and booklet notes: Br. Innocent Smith, O.P. Album design: Br. Dominic Verner, O.P. Album cover photos: Fr. Lawrence Lew, O.P.

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© 2014 Dominicana Records

Booklet cover image: Rome, Santa Sabina Archivum Generale Ordinis Praedicatorum, XIV L1, fol. 354r.