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Critical Evaluation of Risks and Opportunities for OPERANDUM Oals

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Critical Evaluation of Risks and Opportunities for OPERANDUM Oals Ref. Ares(2020)72894 - 07/01/2020 OPEn-air laboRAtories for Nature baseD solUtions to Manage hydro-meteo risks Critical evaluation of risks and opportunities for OPERANDUM OALs Deliverable information Deliverable no.: D1.2 Work package no.: 01 Document version: V01 Document Preparation Date: 18.11.2019 Responsibility: Partner No. 7 – UNIVERSITY OF SURREY This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776848 GA no.: 776848 Project information Project acronym and name: OPERANDUM - OPEn-air laboRAtories for Nature baseD solUtions to Manage hydro-meteo risks EC Grant Agreement no.: 776848 Project coordinator: UNIBO Project start date: 01.07.2018 Duration: 48 months Document Information & Version Management Document title: Critical evaluation of risks and opportunities for OPERANDUM OALs Document type: Report Main author(s): Sisay Debele (UoS), Prashant Kumar (UoS), Jeetendra Sahani (UoS), Paul Bowyer (HZG), Julius Pröll (HZG), Swantje Preuschmann (HZG), Slobodan B. Mickovski (GCU), Liisa Ukonmaanaho (LUKE), Nikos Charizopoulos (AUA-PSTE), Michael Loupis (KKT-ITC), Thomas Zieher (OEAW), Martin Rutzinger (OEAW), Glauco Gallotti (UNIBO), Leonardo Aragão (UNIBO), Leonardo Bagaglini (UNIBO), Maria Stefanopoulou (KKT-ITC), Depy Panga (KKT-ITC), Leena Finér (LUKE), Eija Pouta (LUKE), Marco A. Santo (UNIBO), Natalia Korhonen (FMI), Francesco Pilla (UCD), Arunima Sarkar (UCD), Bidroha Basu (UCD) Contributor(s): - Reviewed by: Fabrice Renaud (UoG) and Federico Porcù (UNIBO) Approved by: UNIBO Version Date Modified by Comments V0 08.11.2019 Sisay Debele First draft V01 15.11.2019 Sisay Debele Revised draft V02 22.11.2019 Prashant Kumar Final draft submitted for review V03 01.12.2019 Fabrice Renaud First reviewer V03 05.12.2019 Federico Porcù Second reviewer V04 13.12.2019 Sisay Debele Revised draft after review V05 18.12.2019 Prashant Kumar Deliverable submitted to Coordinator Short Description The aim of this document is to critically analyse and document hydro-meteorological hazards, their negative consequences and good practice examples of NBS to manage the associated risks in OPERANDUM OALs. The outcomes of this deliverable serve as a foundation for the various tasks in other WPs of OPERANDUM. For instance, the evidence summarised from Section 3 to Section 7, feeds into WP2 to WP7 for design/co-design and implementation of NBS for flooding, droughts, salt intrusion, landslides, coastal erosion and storm surge, nutrients and sediment loading across OPERANDUM OALs. Overall, the reviewed documents showed that hydro- meteorological risks occur more regularly with a strong increase in intensity to cause significant loss of life and economic damage in OPERANDUM OAL countries and these hazards are projected to increase in severity and duration under future climate change scenarios. In response to this, in OPERANDUM OALs, different types of NBS such as green, blue and hybrid approaches were used and are under implementation. This deliverable is divided into 8Sections. This report contains 123 pages, 42 figures and 20 tables. Dissemination level PU Public x CO Confidential, only for Members of the Consortium, including the EU Commission Services This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776848 GA no.: 776848 This deliverable contains original unpublished work except where clearly indicated otherwise. Acknowledgement of previously published material and of the work of others has been made through appropriate citation, quotation or both. The publication reflects the author’s views. The European Commission is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. D1.2|Critical evaluation of risks and opportunities for OPERANDUM OALs 2/123 GA no.: 776848 Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................... 3 LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES......................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ 8 IPR: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS .......................................................................................................... 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 11 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 13 1.1 Objectives .................................................................................................................................................. 16 1.2 Damages caused by hydro-meteorological hazards in OPERANDUM and other European countries ...... 17 1.3 Hydro-meteorological risks and planned NBS in OPERANDUM OALs ....................................................... 19 1.4 Links to other OPERANDUM WPs and contribution to OPERANDUM specific objectives ......................... 22 1.5 Scope and outline of the report ................................................................................................................. 24 2 METHODS ....................................................................................................................................... 26 3 FLOODING ....................................................................................................................................... 30 3.1 Flooding and NBS ...................................................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Challenges of flooding NBS ....................................................................................................................... 31 Dyke relocation ............................................................................................................................. 31 Restoration and conservation....................................................................................................... 32 Natural water retention ................................................................................................................ 33 3.3 Stakeholder discussions............................................................................................................................. 34 OAL Germany – Stakeholder discussions: Biosphere Reserve Niedersächsische Elbtalaue ......... 34 OAL Ireland - Stakeholder Engagement: Dublin City Council (DCC).............................................. 35 Stakeholder discussions - OAL Greece .......................................................................................... 36 4 COASTAL EROSION AND STORM SURGE ................................................................................................. 39 4.1 Wetlands and salt marshes ....................................................................................................................... 39 4.2 Oyster reefs ............................................................................................................................................... 41 4.3 Vegetated and artificial dunes .................................................................................................................. 44 4.4 Shoreline vegetation barriers .................................................................................................................... 47 4.5 Vegetation induced wave damping .......................................................................................................... 49 4.6 Stone-filled and vegetated gabion baskets ............................................................................................... 51 4.7 Beach nourishment and scrapping ............................................................................................................ 53 4.8 Cobble berms............................................................................................................................................. 57 5 INCREASED NUTRIENTS AND SEDIMENT LOADING .................................................................................... 60 5.1 Increase nutrients, sediment loading and NBS .......................................................................................... 60 5.2 Forest practices effect on soil and water quality in recipient water bodies .............................................. 60 5.3 Climate change ......................................................................................................................................... 61 5.4 Forests ....................................................................................................................................................... 63 Global ............................................................................................................................................ 63 Europe........................................................................................................................................... 63 5.5 NBS against nutrient and suspended solid loads in Europe and worldwide.............................................. 65 5.6 Map the knowledge of NBS efficiency in reducing element loads ............................................................
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