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Le Peer to Peer Un Autre M Odele Econom Ique Pour La M Usique

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Le Peer to Peer Un Autre M Odele Econom Ique Pour La M Usique LE PEER TO PEER UN AUTRE M ODELE ECONOM IQUE POUR LA M USIQUE Etude remise à l’Adami par TARIQ KRIM 16 juin 2004 2 Tariq Krim « Le Peer to Peer – Un autre modèle économique pour la musique », Etude Adami $ AVANT PROPOS...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 $ INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................................... 1 PREMIERE PARTIE : UNE MISE EN PERSPECTIVE HISTORIQUE .................................................. 1 1 ETUDE DE CAS HISTORIQUES............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Cas n°1 : la musique enregistrée et le piano mécanique................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Aux Etats-Unis................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1.2 En France......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Cas n°2 : La radio.................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2.1 Aux Etats-Unis................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2.2 En France......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Cas n°3 : la cassette analogique et les supports numériques ........................................................................................... 1 1.3.1 Aux Etats-Unis................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.3.2 En France......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Schéma 1 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Cas n°3 bis : la cassette VHS................................................................................................................................................. 1 1.4.1 Aux Etats-Unis................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.4.2 En France......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.5 Cas n°4 : la télévision par câble ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.5.1 Aux Etats-Unis................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.5.2 En France......................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.6 Quelques enseignements........................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.7 Les nouveaux médias sont-ils catalyseur d’une nouvelle création ? ............................................................................... 1 2 Le marché de la musique n’est pas que le marché du disque : une approche des modèles de rémunération................. 1 2.1 Deux grands modèles de rémunération .............................................................................................................................. 1 2.1.1 Modèle 1 : le modèle unitaire........................................................................................................................................ 1 Schéma 2 : Le modèle unitaire............................................................................................................................................................... 1 2.1.2 Modèle 2 : la rémunération indirecte (le prélèvement à la source)......................................................................... 1 Schéma 3 : Le modèle de la rémunération indirecte......................................................................................................................... 1 2.1.3 L’exemple de la radio..................................................................................................................................................... 1 2.1.4 Le marché de la musique en France ........................................................................................................................... 1 Schéma 4 : La chaîne de rémunération ............................................................................................................................................... 1 2.1.5 Les circuits de rémunération par catégorie d’acteur................................................................................................. 1 2.1.5.1 Auteurs/compositeurs........................................................................................................................................... 1 TABLEAU 1 : AUTEURS/ COMPOSITEURS 2002 .................................................................................................................... 1 2.1.5.2 Producteurs.............................................................................................................................................................. 1 TABLEAU 2 : LES PRODUCTEURS 2002..................................................................................................................................... 1 2.1.5.3 Artistes/interprètes ................................................................................................................................................ 1 TABLEAU 3 : ARTISTES/INTERPRETES 2003 ......................................................................................................................... 1 2.2 La part croissante des revenus indirects.............................................................................................................................. 1 2.2.1 Evolution du marché depuis 1985............................................................................................................................... 1 Schéma 5 : Le marché avant 1985......................................................................................................................................................... 1 Schéma 6 : Le marché après 1985......................................................................................................................................................... 1 2.2.2 Le spectacle vivant est en hausse ................................................................................................................................. 1 2.2.3 Quel modèle pour le téléchargement de fichiers ?.................................................................................................... 1 TABLEAU 4 COMPARATIF............................................................................................................................................................. 1 SECONDE PARTIE : ENJEUX ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 3 ENJEUX DE LA MUSIQUE EN LIGNE............................................................................................................................... 1 3.1 Histoire de la musique en ligne............................................................................................................................................. 1 3.1.1 1993/1998 : Le temps des pionniers........................................................................................................................... 1 3.1.1.1 IUMA ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1 3.1.1.2 Les prémisses du DRM ......................................................................................................................................... 1 3.1.1.3 Hotline...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 3.1.1.4 Le MP3..................................................................................................................................................................... 1 3.1.2 1998/2001 : Le temps des start-up.............................................................................................................................. 1 3.1.2.1 Le SDMI.................................................................................................................................................................
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