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Kosovo Human Development Report 2008

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Kosovo Human Development Report 2008 C M Y CM MY CY CMY K CIVIL SOCIETY AND DEVELOPMENT Kosovo Human Development Report 2008 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations Development Programme or the Swiss Development Cooperation Office. The Kosovo Human Development Report 2008 would not have been published without the generous assistance of the Swiss Development Cooperation Office, Liaison Office of Switzerland in Prishtinë/ Priština. Schweizerische Eidgenossensch aft Confédération suisse Confederazione Svizzer a Confederaziun svizra Swiss Cooperation Office Kosovo Project Team: Faton Bislimi, Project Manager, Research and Policy Unit UNDP Kosovo Mytaher Haskuka, Programme Analyst, Head of Research and Policy Unit UNDP Kosovo Iris Duri, Statistician, Research and Policy Unit UNDP Kosovo Translation into Albanian and Serbian: Conference Interpretation and Translation Services Prishtina, Kosovo English Editor: Amanda A. Morgan (Morgan Editorial Services) USA Production: Rrota: www.rrota.com (Prishtina, Kosovo) Layout: Ardian Veliu Korab Etemi Cover: Kushtrim Balaj Ilustrations: Agon Nitaj Printing: Grafika Rezniqi (Prishtina, Kosovo) Authors Mytaher Haskuka Human Development and Civil Society Armend Bekaj The History of Civil Society in Kosovo Hasnije Ilazi The Legal Environment for Civil Society in Kosovo Shpend Ahmeti Civil Society and Public Policy Dardan Velija The Government’s Vision of Civil Society Mytaher Haskuka Perceptions, Image, and Participation in Civil Society Elton Skendaj Creating Mechanisms for Cooperation between Civil society and the Government Driton Tafallari Civil Society Coordination in Kosovo Virtyt Gacaferi The Media and Civil Society Shenoll Muharremi European Union Integration and Civil Society Hajrulla Ceku Sustainability of Civil Society Faton Bislimi The Role of Community-Driven Development in Shaping a New Kosovo Acknowledgements The Kosovo HDR Team would like to specially thank the Swiss Cooperation Office in Kosovo for their important contribution to this report. Many thanks also go to the following individuals and organizations for their assistance in preparing and reviewing the report: Arjeta Byci Lleshi, SDC Armen Cekic, CLARD Kosovo Armend Muja & Burbuqe Dobranja, UNDP Communications Team Department for Registration and Liaison with NGOs Ekrem Gashi, UNKT Fidan Hallaqi, Kosovo Civil Society Foundation Kosovo Assembly Committee on Public Services, Local Governance, and Media Mao Kawada, UNV / UNDP Nora Ahmetaj Rrita Refeja Shqipe Pantina Staff of the Kosovo Civil Society Foundation (KCSF) Vjosa Mullatahiri, UNDP Foreword This is UNDP Kosovo’s 2008 Human Development Report on Civil Society and Development. The Kosovo Civil Society in general or Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) in particular, have begun the process of transformation in a number of ways. Modus operandi has largely been established, and so have ways to work better with each other and with the government. However, they still have mostly their work defined by forces external to themselves. Among the challenges are: an unresolved legal status, internal tensions born out of competition for foreign funding, ethnic divisions that have only partially healed, public mistrust, and a lack of focus that has left all too many organisations willing to reshape themselves to donor priorities. Nevertheless, civil society can fill a variety of roles as Kosovo’s economic and political institutions mature, from serving as a watchdog to giving input on policy to providing social services. CSOs also have much of value to contribute on Kosovo’s path to a prosperous and peaceful future. This report brings together eleven authors for a multifaceted look at civil society’s place on Kosovo’s development agenda. It also draws on the Perceptions of Civil Society in Kosovo Survey. After a close look at what we mean when we say “civil society” and what we mean when we say “development,” the report goes on to explore the history of civil society in Kosovo, its legal context, and ways it can influence public policy. Next, it looks at civil society through the eyes of the government and the general public, before discussing ways that CSOs can effectively work together with the government, with each other, and with the media, and ways they can influence and benefit from the European integration process. The final two chapters suggest improvements that CSOs should strive for and explore the potential of Community Driven Human Development in Kosovo. Frode Mauring Resident Representative UNDP Kosovo Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 11 Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................... 15 1 Human Development and Civil Society ......................................................................................... 17 1.1 Human development ................................................................................................................ 17 1.2 Civil society ................................................................................................................................... 18 2 The History of Civil Society in Kosovo ............................................................................................. 35 2.1 Origins ............................................................................................................................................ 35 2.2 Civil society or civil resistance? .............................................................................................. 36 2.3 Civil society after 1999: The “NGO boom” and its consequences .............................. 39 2.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 41 3 The Legal Environment for Civil Society in Kosovo .................................................................... 45 3.1 Legal status of the non-governmental sector in Kosovo ............................................. 45 3.2 Lacking legislation for NGO sector ....................................................................................... 47 3.3 Monitoring of NGO sector ....................................................................................................... 50 3.4 Citizens’ perceptions of NGO sector ..................................................................................... 50 3.5 Partnerships .................................................................................................................................. 53 3.6 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................... 54 4 Civil Society and Public Policy ............................................................................................................ 57 4.1 Public policy ................................................................................................................................. 57 4.2 Civil society and public policy ................................................................................................ 58 4.3 The public policy cycle ............................................................................................................. 59 4.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 66 5 The Government’s Vision of Civil Society ....................................................................................... 69 5.1 Developing the social economy ............................................................................................ 69 5.2 Vision for financial sustainability .......................................................................................... 73 6 Perceptions, Image, and Participation in Civil Society .............................................................. 77 6.1 Knowledge of civil society ...................................................................................................... 77 6.2 Participation in civil society .................................................................................................... 78 6.3 Openness of civil society .......................................................................................................... 79 6.4 Impact of civil society ................................................................................................................ 80 6.5 Public image ................................................................................................................................. 81 6.6 Role for civil society ................................................................................................................... 83 6.7 Holding government accountable ....................................................................................... 83 Table of Contents 7 Creating Mechanisms for Cooperation between Civil Society and the Government .... 87 7.1 Public perception of the relation between NGOs and government ........................ 90 7.2 The interaction of minority NGOs with Kosovo institutions ....................................... 93 7.3 CSO initiatives for meaningful interaction with Kosovo institutions ....................... 94 7.4 Conclusion
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