THE NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 3 Publisher Nordic Safe Cities

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NORDIC CAPITAL CODE INTRODUCING THE NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 3 Publisher Nordic Safe Cities

Editorial Team Carolina Obara (editor), Nextstep by Bindslev THE NORDIC CAPITAL CODE OF ACTION 4 Lotte Fast Carlsen, Nordic Safe Cities Jeppe Albers, Nordic Safe Cities

Content City of Copenhagen, Unit for Prevention INSIGHTS TO CAPITAL CITY APPROACHES 5 City of Helsinki, Executive Office, Safety and Preparedness City of Stockholm, Executive Office, Department for quality and city development COPENHAGEN A Comprehensive Approach 6 City of Reykjavík, Human Rights and Democracy Office Creating a Cohesive Society City of Oslo, Agency for Social and Welfare Services HELSINKI 7 STOCKHOLM A Preventative and Interventional Methodology 8 Production Nextstep by Bindslev REYKJAVIK A Human Rights Approach to PVE 10 Nordic Safe Cities OSLO A Cross-Sectorial and Collaborative Model 12 Design Assembly.design

Print Dystan & Rosenberg COLLECTED CASES 14 COPENHAGEN Mosque Network 15 HELSINKI I See You See 16 STOCKHOLM Educational Programme 17 REYKJAVIK Committee and Action Plan Against Violence 18 OSLO Mentor Programme 19 Introducing THE NORDIC CAPITAL CODE

The fight against hate and vi- In the fight against extremism, it is Capital cities are to a certain de- Therefore, the Nordic capital The Capital Code 2020 introduces We hope the Capital Code 2020 olence from extremist groups widely acknowledged that cities gree on the frontier of the chal- cities and the Nordic Safe Cities The Capital Code of Action. The will be the steppingstone for new stands as one of the primary safety are at the forefront of the challenges of extremism and have programme have decided to code of action outlines the ambi- bold initiatives and approaches to and security challenges of today. lenges and therefore constitute both resources and responsibility boost the collaboration between tions of the capital collaboration. make all Nordic cities safer from the main actors to prevent radical- to act in tackling the issues. the cities. It includes the first four areas of extremism and inspire the work Over the past years, Nordic capi- ization and build social cohesion action that the capital cities will conducted in other Nordic and tals and communities have experi- in local communities. This presents these cities with an This publication, The Capital Code explore in the coming years to global cities. enced how individuals and groups opportunity to take frontrunner 2020, marks the beginning of this safeguard the more than 3 million have perpetrated violent crimes in Today the capital cities of the leadership and develop new journey. The publication demon- people living in Oslo, Copenha- the name of ideology or religion, north face many of the same innovative solutions. Much to the strates the capital cities’ aim and gen, Stockholm, Helsinki, and causing an increase of fear within challenges in this field. They benefit and inspiration for other commitment to continuously Reykjavik. The Capital Code 2020 the public towards extremists and have similarities in size, political Nordic cities and much to the create safer, open, and resilient also uncovers current strategies, terror-related attacks. structure, and societal culture inspiration to other capitals in cities that reduce hate and approaches, and initiatives in the and environments. They all build Europe and the world, who at the extremist violence and the capital cities to give insight into their responses and actions on moment have their lenses on the polarization between citizens. the work at hand. the Nordic values of democracy, Nordic way of preventing terror- freedom of speech, equality, ism and extremism, in particular mutual respect, and trust when the Nordic approaches to early tackling violent extremism. prevention.

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 3 THE NORDIC VISION

• We will safeguard the +3 million capital inhabitants in the Nordics from violent extremism. • We will continue to build open, trustful, and safe communities in our cities. CAPITAL • We will be Nordic and global safety pioneers and aspire to be the cities of innovation and inspiration that other Nordic and global Cities look towards. CODE MISSION A Stronger capital city collaboration

• Build on the Nordic values democracy, freedom of speech, equality, mutual respect and trust in tackling violent extremism • Boost the strategic and long-term cooperation between the Nordic capitals • Initiate a fast-track to share experiences and adapt new approaches from other capital cities OF ACTION • Explore new joint Nordic initiatives to tackle violent extremism

ACTIONS 2020

Areas of action we will explore together in 2020 to improve our efforts for capital safety.

1. Reduce threats, fear, and online hate Encourage and support a safe and free public debate while ensuring that politicians, public officials, and citizens are safe from threats and hate online and continue to participate in local democracy

2. Empower all citizens to resist false information Empower citizens of all ages with critical thinking to recognize misinformation, understand, and resist false information online that threatens democracy and promote violent extremist ideas.

3. Empower youth to promote inclusion Inspire and make way for all capital youth to participate in democratic practices and to be local changemakers for inclusion

4. Build and expand our local safe city alliances Expand the city’s work with civil society and other partners to unleash joint action for safer cities

Anna König Jerlmyr Cecilia Lonning-Skovgaard Jan Vapaavuori Dagur B. Eggertsson Raymond Johansen Mayor of Stockholm Mayor of Copenhagen Mayor of Helsinki Mayor of Reykjavik Mayor of Oslo

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 4

INSIGHTS TO CAPITAL CITY APPROACHES STOCKHOLM Population: +960.000

A PREVENTATIVE AND INTERVENTIONAL METHODOLOGY

The Nordic capital cities COPENHAGEN approaches and action plans for prevention of violent Population: +600.000 extremism. OSLO A COMPREHENSIVE Population: +680.000 APPROACH A CROSS-SECTORIAL AND COLLABORATIVE MODEL

HELSINKI Population: +930.000

CREATING A COHESIVE SOCIETY REYKJAVIK Population: +120.000

A HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH TO PVE

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 5 that all relevant front staff have the Intervention programmes Prison and Probation Service as necessary knowledge of extrem- targeting individuals in well as the Social Services, and A COMPREHENSIVE ism and sign of concerns to react extremist environments the Employment and Integration in a correct and timely manner Administration of the Municipality if a concern arises. In 2019, the Copenhagen has a robust proce- of Copenhagen. The Infohouse APPROACH efforts were targeted towards dure for handling concerns about assesses all cases of concern, and mental health services, secondary people being under extremist when deemed necessary to pre- education, free schools and social influence or adopting extremist vent criminal acts with extremist COPENHAGEN housing. Looking ahead, this will behaviour. This is done under motives, the authorities involved be complemented by a more gen- the inter-agency auspices of the offer individual intervention eral awareness-raising campaign Copenhagen Infohouse, which programs such as mentoring or towards municipal frontline staff. includes Copenhagen Police, the rehabilitation programs.

The Copenhagen Action Plan on preventing extremism is based on the Danish prevention model that is characterised by a strong inter- agency collaboration employing EXAMPLES OF CURRENT INITIATIVES different initiatives to address various target groups. The un- The City of Copenhagen and various civil society organisations meet three times derlying aim of all initiatives is to DIALOGUE NETWORK a year to discuss topical themes and challenges. prevent people from committing FOCUS AREAS ments to the general civic en- or legitimising acts of violence gagement efforts in schools and or other illegal acts based on The City of Copenhagen currently youth clubs, aiming to strengthen TARGETED Outreach activities addressing local communities’ demands, e.g. inter-religious extremist motives. focuses on the following areas: children and young people’s DIALOGUE ACTIVITIES debates, online- safeguarding and transforming enemy images. understanding of democracy and THE CITY • Prevention efforts in schools their resilience towards online and civil society propaganda and manipulation. Strengthened cooperation with parents and other relatives on managing In Copenhagen, authorities receive • Dissemination of knowledge Authorities also work with civil so- PARENT INITIATIVE challenges related to youth at risk of radicalisation. Currently focusing on parent most referrals regarding concerns to relevant frontline staff ciety groups to foster positive and participation in young people’s online activities. about people having potential • Intervention programs target- inclusive communities as alterna- affiliations to extreme Islamist ing individuals in extremist tives to extremist groups. milieus, but there have also been environments Activities such as the celebration of the Danish Constitution Day aiming at examples of extremist incidents YOUTH DIALOGUE INITIATIVE strengthening democratic participation and activities as forum theatre with Dissemination of knowledge caused by people in or at the fringe young people sharing their personal stories of involvement in extremist settings. Prevention efforts in to relevant frontline staff of left- and right-wing extremist schools and civil society milieus. In addition, authorities Frontline staff such as teachers have an enhanced focus on The aim of the prevention efforts and social workers will often be Supporting a network of Copenhagen mosques, fostering the sharing of MOSQUE NETWORK extremism among psychologically in schools and civil society is to the first to notice changes in a best practices in developing a strong religious community as alternatives to vulnerable people, which increases build resilience against extremist person’s behaviour. The aim of extremist groups the complexity of the casework. influences. Initiatives are supple- this effort is therefore, to ensure

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 6 the youth, it is necessary to tackle of Helsinki have a joint network, Fostering inclusion through bullying. The numbers refer to the Safe Helsinki Network, which participatory budgeting CREATING 13 steps to prevent and stop bul- was instituted by the Police lying in day-care, schools, upper Commissioner of Helsinki in 2013, Helsinki has placed great impor- secondary schools and vocational recognizing the need for more tance in increasing the participa- A COHESIVE institutions. The program was local cooperation in preventive tion opportunities for its citizens built together with pupils, stu- measures and factors contributing to expand the dimensions of dents, teachers, student welfare to an unsafe city. The network direct democracy. In 2019 Helsin- SOCIETY professionals, police and NGOs. is led jointly, and it concentrates ki opened €4.4 million annually its activities, especially around from the city budget for the city four poles: segregation, gangs, residents to decide what it will Strong multiagency hate speech & polarization, be used for. Helsinki is the first HELSINKI cooperation violent extremism. The network’s Finnish municipality to introduce In PVE-related work, Helsinki activities include yearly seminars participatory budgeting to this cooperates widely both with on topics such as honour-related extent. Citizens generate propos- other authorities and with the violence as well as implementing als and all above the age of 12 can third sector. For example, Helsin- projects aimed at diminishing vote which ones of the proposals ki Police Department and the city safety concerns. will be put into practice.

The City of Helsinki has a holistic approach to PVE and safety. The key elements are to foster trust and increase citizen participation EXAMPLES OF CURRENT INITIATIVES to create a more cohesive society. This is done by promptly tackling I See You See (Minun Silmin, Sinun Silmin) program aims at the prevention of hate exclusion, marginalization and speech, extremist thinking and group-based prejudice. It is a course run mainly in segregation, providing high-qual- schools (age 14+). By training the participants to use the acquired skills to solve increasingly difficult problems, the program links theory with practice and fosters ity social services, and ensuring all FOCUS AREAS The most widespread of these I SEE YOU SEE citizens have meaningful access is the I See You See (Minun academic competencies. Established psychometric measuring is used to ensure to the participatory mechanisms The City of Helsinki’s current Silmin – Sinun Silmin) pro- ongoing validity and effectiveness. provided by Helsinki. The city focus areas are: gramme, which supports and works on its own targeted initia- strengthens the wellbeing of tives aimed at general prevention • General prevention measures individuals and communities by Specific 13 steps to target anti-bullying from kindergarten to secondary schools. and relies on strong multiagency • Tackling exclusion and teaching non-violent conflict The steps include measurement of the indicators of wellbeing, special programs for developing social and emotional skills of the children, joint rules for classroom cooperation as part of its safety marginalization resolution, communication skills, KVO 13 and security work. • Strong multiagency cooperation resilience and media literacy. It is behaviour, developed together with the pupils, continuous actions for strength- • Fostering inclusion through mainly being used in upper and ening social cohesion and bonding, pupils are safely taught skills for recognizing bullying, and new establishing of channels to report bullying also anonymously. THE CITY participatory budgeting secondary schools. The current challenges faced General prevention measures Tackling exclusion by the City of Helsinki are the The project was led by the city of Helsinki’ Safety and preparedness unit to under- and marginalization increased rate of polarization, In addition to the emphasis on stand and address the challenges posed by and affecting a specific neighbourhood CASE KONTULA on-and offline hate speeches, and high-quality social services Another example of the city’s in Helsinki in which numerous problems ranging from drugs to marginalization the possibility of “lone actors” available to all, the city also wider approach, Helsinki has occurred. The results have been widely shared with various stakeholders, including who are motivated by personal has initiatives aiming at general launched a new anti-bullying with the political leadership of the city. This has resulted in allocated funds and in grievances or disorders rather prevention, targeting wider audi- program called KVO13. To combat actions being taken to reduce marginalization and segregation. than by extremist views. ences, not just selected groups. exclusion and marginalization of

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 7 A PREVENTATIVE AND INTERVENTIONAL METHODOLOGY STOCKHOLM

The City of Stockholm is actively tremist milieus, their organisation, regarding events and concerns. Method development engaged in working against mission and activity. It also pro- In every action plan, there are violent extremism through both vides guidance on how to act in activities aimed to combat the In Stockholm, there is ongoing a preventative and interventional cases of violent extremism. Since local problems, creating a varied and extensive work to devel- methodology. Examples include 2018 the city has provided rele- approach to counter violent ex- op new and adapt old working preventive measures, support vant parts of the city’s operations tremism throughout the city. methods to prevent and deal with for individuals who want to with in-depth education targeted violent extremism. At a general leave an extremist environment to specific issues. level, Stockholm focuses on early Association grants and support for relatives. All preventive work to counteract and local leasing three milieus, right, left and many problems such as violent FOCUS AREAS Raising awareness Action plans including a de- Islamist extremism, are present The city strives to ensure that fi- extremism, exclusion, criminality and competence scription of the local situation in the City of Stockholm, which The city’s work against violent nancial contributions, access to fa- and antisocial behaviour. These and appropriate measures demands a broad and flexible extremism is divided into four The City of Stockholm has pro- cilities or association grants do not preventive measures can be city approach. focus areas: duced a web-based educational Every city district (14) and five of go to any organisations or individ- general, targeted at-risk groups, programme that all employees the Specialist Departments (social, uals with undemocratic values or or directed towards children or • Raising awareness and are required to fulfil. The purpose labour market, education, cul- who encourage or enable violent families on an individual level. The THE CITY competence of the in-depth education is to ture and sports) has an individual extremism. The City of Stockholm basis for the work against violent • Action plans including a de- strengthen the ability to carry out action plan for their work against is developing citywide guidelines extremism is the social service’s The City of Stockholm provides scription of the local situation assignments and to provide indi- extremism. The action plans regarding the use of a democracy preventive work and work with guidelines for the citywide work and appropriate measures vidual participants with support contain a description of the local condition for city districts and spe- criminals who want to leave crimi- against violent extremism. In the • Association grants and to counter and prevent violent situation based on crime statistics, cialist departments working with nality. The work must be constant- guidelines, the basics for the work local leasing extremism. The education gives information from the police and grants and when leasing facilities ly developed and streamlined as are laid out. • Method Development a higher understanding of the ex- information from the employees to organisations and individuals. new knowledge is added and col-

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 8 laboration with other authorities fake news, and how to prevent its The city is also involved in the pro- is deepened. The social services spread and teach about democra- cess of allowing demonstrations have an excessive responsibility cy as such. However, it is up to all and manifestations. The decision concerning helping and support- functions in the city to, within the was taken in a dialogue between ing individuals who are about to scope of their assignment, pre- the city and the police authority. be radicalised, who are active in vent extremism and to act if they The regulations regarding the a violent extremist milieu or who encounter it or individuals who are possibility to deny a demonstration want to leave an extremist milieu. radicalised or violent extremists. is very strict, and the opportunities Adults are required to apply for are small. support from social services them- Apart from the local cooperation selves and all of the measures are with the police and in keeping a voluntary. shared situation awareness, the city has close cooperation Much of the preventive work with the police in other areas as aimed to prevent radicalisation well. For example, in accordance is carried out in schools. The with Swedish law the social Swedish schools are assigned to services work closely together teach and encourage democracy with the police for to support strengthening efforts, talk about juvenile delinquents.

EXAMPLES OF CURRENT INITIATIVES

In the City of Stockholm many different functions are affected in various ways by the work against violent extremism. Structured work is underway to ensure that awareness of the problems in the city is high; that the functions that are particularly RAISE AWARENESS AND CLARIFY RESPONSIBILITIES affected have sufficient knowledge and that there is support available so that those who experience concerns, or an event linked to violent extremism knows how to act.

The city has formed a team to provide citywide outreach activities directed at indi- OUTREACH TO RETURNED viduals who have returned from war affected areas. The work is performed in close FOREIGN FIGHTERS cooperation with the police.

In close cooperation with Stockholm County Council and the police, a plan has RETURNING CHILDREN been developed regarding actions if children with or without parents come back FROM SYRIA from Syria. The goal is to make the homecoming as smooth and safe as possible for the child and provide a good basis for continuing integration.

INCREASED FOCUS TO Together with researchers the city is considering a specialist education to form PREVENT RIGHT-WING another expert-team to provide citywide support regarding right-wing extremism EXTREMISM especially aimed at exit-strategies.

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 9 A HUMAN RIGHTS APPROACH TO PVE REYKJAVIK

Reykjavík City has various poli- be addressed and future goals FOCUS AREAS Human rights policy is prohibited. Chapter 8 states speech or discrimination. Action cies and action plans that tackle and policies that must keep PVE in and action plan that discrimination on the basis 108 stipulates that prejudice and violence and discrimination. mind. Current challenges include The following focus areas have of religion, life-stance, political hate speech must be counteract- While the city does not have finding a balance between free- measures that touch on, address The Human Rights Policy of Rey- opinion or lack of religious beliefs ed through education. Action 114 policies and action plans directly dom of speech and hate speech and work towards, preventing kjavík City aims to enable all per- is prohibited. Chapter 9 states stipulates Reykjavik’s participation addressing violent extremism, while considering the protection violent extremism: sons to enjoy basic human rights that discrimination on the basis in The Safe Cities Network. its strong framework for human and safety for those at the receiv- regardless of their origin, nation- of origin, skin colour, nationality, rights, along with many policies, ing end of hate speech. Informal ality, class, language, skin colour, cultural background or any other Policy and action plan on action plans and work, have the education networks with hateful • Human Rights Policy and religion, atheism or non-religious racist classification is prohibited. immigrants, refugees and ambition of preventing violent sentiments, promotion of violent Action Plan convictions, political opinions, applicants for international extremism (PVE). extremism, foreign officials known • Committee and Action gender, sexual orientation, gen- To consolidate the Human Rights protection for promoting discrimination and Plan Against Violence der identity or expression, sexual Policy there is an Action Plan on THE CITY hate, the interplay and coopera- • Policy and Action Plan characteristics, age, disability, Human Rights and Democracy The City of Reykjavik’s Policy and tion of various minorities, who are on Immigrants, Refugees body build or type, health, ability (2019-2022), which includes 113 Action Plan on Immigrants, Refu- While Reykjavík City enjoys for the all at one point or another subject- and Applicants for or other status. Chapter 7 of the actions. Some aspects of the poli- gees and Applicants for Interna- most part peace and low levels of ed to hate speech and possible International Protection policy states that discrimination cy and action plan relate strongly tional Protection (2018 – 2022) violence, with little that could be violence are all challenges that • Reykjavík Education Policy on the basis of sexual orienta- to PVE. Action 89 stipulates that as a whole supports intercultural construed as violent extremism, Reykjavík City faces and must con- and Action Plan tion, gender identity, gender a system should be developed participation and tolerance. there are certainly challenges to sider moving forward. expression or sex characteristics to respond to incidents of hate Act II.3 specifically states that

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 10 procedures should be developed creativity, and health. Social skills participation in democratic coop- in the event of hate speech or refer to the ability to engage in eration when children are offered discrimination. Act II.4 stipulates fruitful social relations with others the opportunity to express their that workplaces in the city must and to positively impact the com- ideas and put them into practice. work systematically against munity and environment. A strong In this way, children can actively prejudice and hate speech. emphasis is placed on children’s participate in shaping the society ability to cooperate, put them- to which they belong. selves in other’s shoes, and treat Reykjavík education others with kindness and respect. policy and action plan Social skills are for e.g. associated The Reykjavík City Education Pol- with emotional literacy, a strong icy (2019-2030) is based on five sense of justice, and leadership fundamental competencies: Social skills. First and foremost, social skills, self-empowerment, literacy, skills develop through active

A recently approved project in the beginning stages which aims to educate city staff on discrimination and hate speech, with the hope that the knowledge gained ANTI-RUMOURS PROJECT will trickle down into city services and to the public.

Advisory capacity engages with immigrant NGOs and organisations whilst looking INTERCULTURAL COUNCIL to connect various groups. Sets and follows an action-based policy.

A project in cooperation with local police, fire department and organisation rep- resenting club owners. Goals are to create safer nightlife in Reykjavík, taking into SAFE BARS AND CLUBS account sexual harassment and gender-based violence as well as harassment and violence towards minorities, e.g. LGBT+ people and immigrants.

There are youth councils in various city neighbourhoods which provide young peo- YOUTH COUNCIL ple (under 18) with the opportunity to come together and voice their opinions and concerns as well as bring forth issues to the city council through an annual meeting.

WELCOMING An outreach programme that aims to welcome new residents (from other countries) NEW RESIDENTS in a personal and hands on way with home visits, guided tours and visits to city administration buildings, schools and services within the residents’ neighbourhood.

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 11 A CROSS-SECTORIAL AND COLLABORATIVE- MODEL OSLO

The City of Oslo’s model for crime prevention is referred to as the SaLTo model (Together we create a safe Oslo). It is a cross-sectorial and collaborative model based on Scandinavian crime prevention. The model primarily works with crime prevention among children and young people but has been extended to operate with all age groups when it comes to crime prevention related to hate crime and violent extremism. The model Action plan In 2018 the first Action Plan tary organisations and civil society. focuses on collaboration with part- most serious threat. More recently, FOCUS AREAS against hate crime and violent The plan covers prevention work ners from the local and national PST has officially adjusted the Based on the SaLTo model for crime extremism in Oslo was adopted from legal hate speech to violent level, as well as NGO’s and private threat- assessment around right- Examples of the preventative prevention, a local action plan to by the Police Council with the goal extremism in the form of terror. sectors to strengthen and further wing extremists. When it comes work based on the SaLTo model strengthen and further develop to strengthen and further develop develop preventive work. SaLTo is to hate crime, we have seen an are presented as follows: preventive work against hate the preventive work against hate Contact Forum a decentralised model with local increase in reports, but here we crime and violent extremism was crime and violent extremism. coordinators in 15 districts. also have to consider that this is developed. The main focus of the The local action plan: 2018-2021 In 2011 the Contact Forum for because Oslo has increased the • A local action plan that local action plan is to: ensure good addresses all forms of extremism. preventing violent extremism THE CITY awareness around hate crime underlines where we lay coordination and collaboration, The preventive initiatives in Oslo was established, with members and have establish a police our focus ensure safe and inclusive schools, use the already existing tools and from the City of Oslo, Oslo Police The City of Oslo works with group that only work with this • A contact forum that communities, neighbourhoods and services that are applied in other District, the Norwegian Police preventing all sorts of violent topic. These reports, together ensures good collaboration public spaces, ensure close and crime prevention and social work. Security Service (PST) and the extremism. In the 2019 yearly with research on the theme, between sectors targeted measures for vulnerable Directorate of Integration and report provided by Police give Oslo an insight into what • A cross-sectoral consultation persons, families and environments The plan includes measures from Diversity. The contact forum acts Security Service (PST) it was we should prepare for, as well as team that can assist in and ensure information, knowledge the City of Oslo and the Oslo Police as a resource team that refers highlighted that the extreme where we should focus when it challenging cases development and monitoring on District, but also for other govern- to and collaborates with other Islamism groups represent the comes to preventive work. the internet and social media. ment agencies, private and volun- organisations and sectors in Oslo.

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 12 The Police Council in Oslo serves concerns and follow-up on is- transfers and to provide support as the steering group for SaLTo. sues of radicalisation and violent in challenging cases. The Council is composed of the extremism. Public service provid- Chief of Police, the Governing ers in Oslo receive relatively few A consultation team can be called Mayor and other leaders from concerns and cases related to to give advice in a situation where both police and the municipality. radicalisation, however, there are an individual is in the process of Local or regional steering groups some cases that are acute, com- being radicalised. The team will decide on local efforts. plex and challenging. Since the not replace already existing ser- number of cases are relatively low, vices but rather works in parallel to there is limited experience and gain a cross-sectoral perspective Cross-sectoral skill development on the phenom- on the specific case and access to consultation teams ena of radicalisation and violent expertise. The Contact Forum for Cross-sectorial teams are a new extremism. The cross-sectoral preventing violent extremism pro- tool that can assist staff and consultation team were estab- vides the consultation team with services in Oslo, who work with lished to strengthen experience expertise specific to the case.

EXAMPLES OF CURRENT INITIATIVES

The SaLTo coordinators in each district have the coordinating responsibility for individual issues that are of concern. Here it is important to mention that this measure is not dependent on the person’s age, all age groups are included. Concerns can SaLTo COORDINATORS be early signs of being in a radicalization process, already radicalized or already in an extremist group.

The SaLTo coordinators in 15 districts are divided into 4 regions that work closely together. In each of the regions, there are established networks that meet regularly LOCAL NETWORKS to share knowledge and experience on how to meet, discover, handle and work cross-sectorial with radicalisation and violent extremism.

In preventive work, it is important to get input from different youth environments. Workshops are held in Oslo with young people from all districts. The pur- WORKSHOPS WITH YOUTH pose is to empower young people in their encounter with hateful expressions and to use their knowledge and experience in the further preventive work related to hateful expressions.

The city is working on expending and further develop the mentor program in Oslo. MENTOR PROGRAM Further details are provided in the collected insights.

MENTAL HEALTH The city is planning to increase the focus on mental-health-related to the themes of radicalisation and violent extremism.

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 13

COLLECTED CASES STOCKHOLM

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME

COPENHAGEN

THE COPENHAGEN OSLO MOSQUE NETWORK MENTOR PROGRAMME: TAILOR MADE SOLUTIONS TO VIOLENT EXTREMISM

HELSINKI

I SEE YOU SEE REYKJAVIK

COMMITTEE AND ACTION PLAN AGAINST VIOLENCE

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 14 THE COPENHAGEN MOSQUE NETWORK COPENHAGEN

Launched in December 2018, the mosque network Network members during the preliminary meetings RECOMMENDATIONS Commit participants to common values and vision is a collection of Copenhagen-based Muslim faith in 2018 and focused on various aspects of association The network members should begin work by formu- associations seeking to develop and enhance their practices and volunteer work. lating working guide lines to establish a culture for Find common ground organizational structures, create transparency in cooperation and knowledge-sharing. In Copenha- their administrational setup, and co-create common Theme 1: Involving local youth and senior citizens Dialogue prospers when based on common ground. gen, this codex included confidentiality agreements, activities. The idea was born directly from structural • Identifying how member groups utilize To ensure this, the City of Copenhagen asked mem- committing the members to formulating shared goals and practical needs voiced by mosques to common areas bers to ratify the Charter for Democratic Values which and guidelines for how to reach them. municipality workers. • Formulating the association’s inclusion policy emphasized mutual pluralistic, democratic values as • Evaluating current activities with youth groups a fundament for the Mosque Network. The City of Keep the communication lines open The network’s core consists of six mosques which are and the elderly Copenhagen requests all partners in the civil society diverse in terms of congregation size, ethnic minority sector to ratify the Charter regardless of affiliation, Prioritize bilateral meetings and phone calls as a sup- and sectarian background, access to common facili- Theme 2: Organizing and managing volunteers faith, or purpose. plement to the usual email communication with net- ties, budgetary freedom, management of volunteers • Various techniques for volunteer management work members. This is important to overcome initial and experience in interacting with authorities. • The importance of shared visions to bolster scepticism from members who are not accustomed Ensure diverse representation participation to interacting with authorities. By establishing good By facilitating this mosque network, the City of • Incentivizing passive members to take part It is essential to prioritize wide representation instead communication relations with network members, Copenhagen aims to support and further develop in common activities of focusing solely on large participation. The City of they are more prone to collaborating on time- existing positive civil society actors and increase local Copenhagen aimed to invite participants who are sensitive or urgent matters. In Copenhagen, this resilience against undemocratic influence. The pur- Theme 3: Financial management and accounting diverse in terms of congregation size, ethnic minority open communication style enabled network mem- pose is reaching a mutual understanding of how civil • Transparency with member-sourced funds and sectarian background, access to common facili- bers to request advisory on how to take security society can interact with local government in finding • Budgetary responsibilities ties, budgetary freedom, management of volunteers precautions after the Christchurch attack. The City of solutions to core challenges together. To do this, the • Efficient fundraising and experience in interacting with authorities. There- Copenhagen facilitated this with partner authorities. municipality needed robust, self-sustaining and trans- in lies the value of the network; as they may learn parent civil society organizations to do their part. Es- Theme 4: Efficient project management from each other. To find out more tablishing the mosque network required a process of • Best practices for leading projects several preliminary meetings during which member • Tools for productivity, risk assessment Contact: [email protected] Seek participation from mosques designed the framework and ground rules • Practical challenges in heading small leadership and volunteers with which the mosque network was to operate. and large projects Ideally, each organization is represented by staff Theme 5: Communication and volunteers relevant to the thematic in ques- Activities • Tools for effective communication inside tion. In Copenhagen, the municipality encouraged Since February 2019, the Mosque Network has held and outside the organization board members to take part with volunteers and five capacity-building events aimed at managers, the • Increased awareness of the target practitioners to ensure that the ideas shared within boards and volunteers. The thematic of each indi- audience needs the network are anchored on all layers within the vidual session was predetermined by the Mosque • Implementing a communication strategy respective organizations.

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 15 I SEE YOU SEE HELSINKI

The I See You See (Minun Silmin, Sinun Silmin) - English. The materials can be adapted to suit vari- programme is developed by the city of Helsinki in ous contexts. They are included in central citywide collaboration with Finnish and international scholars, programs in Helsinki and as a PVE measure also on experts and practitioners. It is based on well-known national level, in addition to being used in schools in theories about social behaviour, such as group 6 other cities in Finland. dynamics, resilience, drivers of radicalization, and communication theories. It uses established psy- User experience chometric measuring to ensure ongoing validity and effectiveness. “Young peoples’ thinking can be influenced, and a positive impact can be achieved even with a short intervention. It is comforting and important to know Providing concrete tools that even small local actions matter. Preventive work The I See, You See program offers concrete tools to can be thought of broadly, but sometimes it’s good be used in everyday situations. As the programme is to step into a young person’s own life and do those developing skills of constructive thinking and per- little deeds right where they are.” (Facilitator) spective-taking, it also helps to prevent conflicts that arise from racism, fear, or prejudice. By training the “The course helped me to be more confident that I participants to use the acquired skills to solve increas- can talk with people who are really different from me ingly difficult problems, the programme links theory and that we can maybe understand each other, even with practice and fosters academic competencies. if we disagree”. (Participant, 16 years old)

For whom To find out more I See You See is used when either schools or commu- Contact: [email protected] nities want to make sure that people have the skills Webpage: https://misi.hel.fi/en/ and understand the mechanisms of everyday conflicts and how to resolve them. The programme is aimed at youth between the age of 14-19-year of age. Current- ly, 700 youth have been involved, and 380 adults have been trained as facilitators within the program.

This course is a ready-to-use package. The materials consist of facilitators’ guide, power points and a participants’ workbook. The course materials are free and available upon request in Finnish, Swedish and

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 16 EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME STOCKHOLM

The City of Stockholm conducts extensive work Department. The focus has been on the ability of the against violent extremism. In a city the size of respective functions to deal with violent extremism in Stockholm, it is especially important that the work various forms and conditions. The city also provides is conducted on a long-term basis, structured and a broad range of recorded lectures, reading tips and rests at an elevated level of knowledge. The im- podcasts to listen to for those who wants to increase portance of continuously controlling the content of their skills further. In addition to education, the city any education against current research cannot be has created a network of 21 coordinators, who offer emphasized enough. local support to employees who are faced with problems related to violent extremism. The coordinators The City of Stockholm is conducting knowledge- ensure that an exchange of new experience is ongo- enhancing efforts to raise employees’ awareness ing in the city, at all levels. regarding issues related to violent extremism. The efforts started in early 2017, through a number of Outcome training opportunities that included almost 1800 employees with a broad representation from all of the The increased awareness and knowledge regarding city’s departments and publicly owned companies. violent extremism among the employees has led to A number of major lectures have also been offered an increased influx of events and concerns linked within the city on a regular basis. Thereafter a web- to violent extremism in the city. Events have been based education was introduced that focuses on noticed for example, in several social service activi- knowledge enhancement regarding the extremist ties, in the school and in the city’s job centre. It is the environments and their organizations, activities and city’s opinion that knowledge of violent extremism symbols, as well as the city’s routines for the work and understanding of the problems is a necessity for against violent extremism. establishing the work as part of the city’s operations. This is the reason that the increase in incidents is being handled and resolved correctly. For whom The education platform is now available to all the User experience city’s 40 000 employees and to this date almost 3300 employees have participated in the education. Apart ”The education gave me a comprehensive picture from encouraging our employees to participate in of different perspectives, challenges and possible the web-based education, the city has also carried solutions” (Åsa, Labour Market Department) out special in-depth training-programs designed to meet the needs of some our operations, - such as the To find out more various divisions within our Education Department, Social Services Department and Labour Market Contact: [email protected]

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 17 COMMITTEE AND ACTION PLAN AGAINST VIOLENCE REYKJAVIK

The City of Reykjavík’s Committee Against Violence tion on domestic violence to service providers, both “Personally I felt it was absolutely necessary that we is made up of elected officials, the Reykjavík City on the whole but also as it concerns these groups. To- did this and it was very positive…there were so many Chief of Police and representatives from The Wom- gether Against Violence, therefore, strengthens the cases that we had before which we never would have en’s Shelter, Stígamót - Education and Counselling city’s outreach and connections between its service classified as domestic violence, which we do today… Centre for Survivors of Sexual Abuse and Violence, providers and minorities, which in turn is beneficial I think the police just viewed the home as a private and The Directorate of Health. The main objectives when evaluating belief systems, discrimination and place, things that happened there, even though we of the committee is to create a platform which allows power dynamics with society. knew something had happened, if someone said no city officials and experts to combine forces in order to then we just left, we didn’t pursue it at all.” discuss and work on combating violence in its many Police officer describing the changes they felt after Appropriate action and changes forms. One of its roles is to advise various entities the project Together Against Violence began. within the city on working against violence and to Violent incidents that have occurred both within the promote an open and informed ongoing discussion city administration, and the city as a whole, has been “Things were just taken seriously….Then I felt that about violence to create a safer community. addressed and responded to by The Committee something would be done. And I also felt that things Against Violence, which has called for appropriate would now be all…all ok” action and changes. The platform and composition 37 actions of the Committee Against Violence therefore ensures A victim describing their experience with how their The Committee Against Violence oversees an Ac- that any new challenges concerning violence, includ- domestic violence case was handled after the project tion Plan which has 37 actions, including increasing ing violent extremism, can be addressed, proposals Together Against Violence began. awareness on human trafficking, educating children put forth and solutions put into action. about violence and overseeing proposals on react- To find out more ing to sexual and gender-based harassment and User experience violence. One of the projects that is part of the action Website: http://www.reykjavik.is plan and overseen by the committee is Together “The nature of this field was that things never im- Against Violence which addresses domestic violence. proved. The old system was just that we arrived and The project brings together local police, city services, the victim had the job of doing the follow up and do- NGOs and health care services, aiming to improve mestic violence is usually a cycle, there are good and services to victims, perpetrators and children that bad times. So after the bad time there came a good live with domestic violence. While there is a constant time which meant nothing was done, then there was focus on gender in this project, there has been a spe- another bad time and were right back at square one.” cial focus has on immigrants, people with disabilities, Police officer describing the changes they felt after LGBT+ people and most recently the elderly. The pro- the project Together Against Violence began. ject has called for greater awareness of and educa-

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 18 Mentor programme: TAILOR MADE SOLU- TIONS TO VIOLENT EXTREMISM OSLO

Oslo has established a mentor programme with the such as school, child welfare, refugee office, police, belief that by motivating, supporting, guiding and hubs, volunteer teams, youth-services, etc. creating relationships the city can reduce the risk factors for radicalisation and violent extremism, and City wide measure therefore better help guide people back into society. A mentor is a guide or an advisor that works closely The mentor programme has become a city-wide with a person that the city is concerned about, be- measure in Oslo and is run as a project under the lieved to be either in the process of becoming radi- central SaLTo secretariat. There is a mentor pool that calised, already radicalised or has joined an extremist consists of people with different backgrounds in group. As one of our mentors has said: “sometimes terms of age, ethnicity, religion, education, gender, the mentee just needs someone to guide him and social status, etc. that are representatives from the help him get help”. community, rather than municipal employees. The mentors have a contract and work only as a mentor, without any other obligations to the mentee. The Guiding role aim is to find a good «mentor match» between the The purpose of the mentor programme is to ensure mentee and the mentor. A good match is crucial for a close relation to vulnerable individuals and to establishing a good and credible relationship. If this Oslo aims to strengthen the mentor programme provide better-coordinated assistance. It is important is established, it makes it possible to: further by supplying training, guidance, and support to point out that having a mentor is voluntary, so the for the mentors, improving the selection of mentors mentee must accept the mentor. Moreover, mentors and recruitment of mentee, as well as ensuring the have a guiding role and should be a supplement • give advice and guidance efficiency of the tools. The key is tailor-made to the already established follow-up programme. • provide practical help solutions to each mentee. Typical tasks for a mentor are to assist the mentee in • converse with the mentee to develop getting help from regular services in the municipality reflections and expand perceptions To find out more or help the mentee to find new social arenas. This • introduce him or her to a new network can be different kinds of recreational activities and Website: https://www.oslo.kommune.no/politikk- communities, where the mentor can assist the og-administrasjon/prosjekter/salto-sammen-lager-vi- mentee to expand his or her networks. The mentor et-trygt-oslo/#gref works in cooperation with relevant organisations

NORDIC CAPITAL CODE 19