Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Volume 6 Number 5 1965 Article 10

1-1-1965

Kimberley Research Station progress report, 1964 : insect pests and insecticides

K T. Richards

Follow this and additional works at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/journal_agriculture4

Part of the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons, Animal Experimentation and Research Commons, Entomology Commons, and the Plant Biology Commons

Recommended Citation Richards, K T. (1965) "Kimberley Research Station progress report, 1964 : insect pests and insecticides," Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4: Vol. 6 : No. 5 , Article 10. Available at: https://researchlibrary.agric.wa.gov.au/journal_agriculture4/vol6/iss5/10

This article is brought to you for free and open access by Research Library. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4 by an authorized administrator of Research Library. For more information, please contact [email protected]. KIMBERLEY RESEARCH STATION PROGRESS REPORT

PART 3

INSECT PESTS AND INSECTICIDES

By K. T. RICHARDS

FOR the past four years, detailed studies have been carried out in regard to the identification, status, bionomics, and control of insects and mite pests attacking the various crops grown in the Ord River Irrigation Area.

During this period the main pests of Saff lower the respective crops (in descending order Prodenia litura (F.) Heliothis puncti­ of importance) were: gera Wallengr., Austracris guttulosa (Walk.), Heliothis armigera (Hubn.). Cotton MAJOR PESTS Linseed Prodenia litura (F) Tobacco cluster grub; Earias huegeli Rog. Rough bollworm; Prodenia litura (F.), Heliothis punc­ Heliothis punctigera Wallengr. Climb­ tigera Wallengr. Laphygma exigua ing cutworm; Pectinophora gossypiella (Hubn.), Heliothis armigera (Hubn.). (Saund.) Pink bollworm; Anomis planalis (Swin.) Cotton looper; Austracris gut- Sugar Cane tulosa (Walk.) Spur-throated locust. Gastrimargus musicus (F.), Austracris MINOR PESTS guttulosa (Walk.). Cosmophila flava (F.) Cotton semi- looper, Tetranychus telarius (L.) Red Rapeseed spider, Aphis gossypii Glov. Cotton aphid Prodenia litura (F.), Heliothis spp. Acontia congenita Hamps. Hairy leaf- eating caterpillar, Heliothis armigera (Hubn.) Northern budworm, Earias fabia Sesame (Stoll) Spotted bollworm, Bucculatrix Prodenia litura (F.), Coenotes eremo- gossypii Turn. Cotton leaf perforator, philae Luc, Antigastra ? catalaunalis Dup. Oxycarenus luctuosus Montr. Coon bug. "Leaf-stickers," Heliothis spp., Plusia argentifera Guen. Rice Tryporyza innotata (Walk.) Rice stem borer, Niphadoses palleucus Common. Rice Castor stem borer, Gastrimargus musicus (F.) Prodenia litura (F.),Archaea janata (L.), Yellow-winged locust, Baoris zelleri cin- Semi-looper, Heliothis spp., Dichocrocis nara Wallace. Skipper butterfly. punctiferalis (Guen.) Yellow peach moth. 309 Journal of Agriculture, Vol 6 No 5 1965 Sevin at 1-3 lb. per acre has proved to be a most effective material for control of most cotton pests including pink and rough bollworms, Heliothis spp. Anomis, Cosmophila, and Acontia. It also gives fair control of Prodenia. However, be­ cause this material has until recently been available only as a wettable powder preparation, difficulties have arisen in regard to its use through aerial spraying equipment, where low gallonages are used. A number of other materials includ­ ing Dipterex, Gusathion, Telodrin, Zec- tran, and Dimecron have also shown con­ siderable promise in the control of certain cotton pests. Some resistance to Meta- systox by red spider has been noted at the Station. As Prodenia has appeared to be the most destructive pest at Kimberley Re­ Prodenia attacking a cotton boll. search Station and Kununurra during the past four years, a number of trials involv­ ing the testing of a large range of insecti­ cides and other materials have been carried out at the Station. These have Soya indicated the effectiveness of Dipterex Zygrita diva Thompson "Stem-borer," and Zectran against this pest. Prodenia litura, Austracris guttulosa (Walk.), Microcerotermes serratus Frog- Sprays of polyhedrosis virus prepara­ gatt. Termites, Heliothis spp., Stomop- tions have also been tested and show teryx ? simplexella (Walk.) "Leaf- promise against Prodenia but the kill is rollers," Hedylepta diemenalis (Guen.) comparatively slow and the constant "Leaf-rollers." supply of adequate diseased larvae is a limiting factor. Although insecticides and other Baiting trials at the Station have in­ materials have been tested in the control dicated that an excellent kill of all larval of pests of the majority of the above stages of Prodenia can be obtained by crops, priority has necessarily been given use of bait-insecticide mixtures. Materials to cotton pests and their control. Insecti­ such as bran, linseed, and cotton seed cide trials during the 1959-60, 1960-61, meals and ground pasture materials have and 1961-62 wet seasons have shown that been found effective as the attractant but DDT at a rate of a half to one pound an bran is the most satisfactory. The old acre will effectively control the Lepidop- formula of bran—B.H.C. has shown to be terous pests with the exception of pink as effective as any, and more economical bollworm (where the rate needs to be than most mixtures. Liquid B.H.C. pre­ increased to 2 lb. per acre), Prodenia. and parations, at a rate of 4 fluid oz. of 20 rough bollworm. In the case of Prodenia, per cent. B.H.C. emulsion per 1 lb. of bran considerable tolerance to DDT has been laid in a thin trail along the ridges has indicated, even in early instars. With late- given excellent results. Pelleted prepara­ instar larvae, rates up to 6 lb. per acre have, in a number of cases, failed to give tions have also been found effective. satisfactory control (coverage being com­ On the basis of results of insecticide plete and spraying carried out under dry trials at Kimberley Research Station, conditions). spraying schedules have been recom­ Endrin at 4 oz. per acre has been shown mended for the protection of commercial to be effective for control of rough boll­ cotton, rice and safflower crops at worm, spur-throated locust and the loopers. Kununurra.

Journal of Agriculture, Vol 6 No 5 1965 INSECT ECOLOGY

By P. E. MADGE

INSECT ecological investigations were commenced in the 1963-64 season to provide a broad-based approach to insect control.

Because of the immediate threat of the respectively; the higher rate gave a satis­ of the insect Prodenia litura to all broad- factory kill of Prodenia during the major leafed crops, a large proportion of the outbreak in late March. total effort was directed towards prevent­ There was strong evidence to suggest ing insect build up by the application of that the late March infestation was the existing knowledge and towards analysing result of large flights of adults migrating the character of the infestations which from the commercial farms, where cotton did in fact occur. had been planted early and had "cut-out" A sanitation period of three weeks, in­ by mid-March. volving the destruction of all broad-leaf Provisional principles for the control of crops and residues, was imposed at the Prodenia on Station are: end of the 1963 dry season. Subsequent (1) A closed season of three to four isolated foci of infestation on pigweed in weeks before the first cotton crop cropping areas and around buildings were is sown. treated immediately. It is believed that (2) Effective weed control during the these measures prevented the early build­ (closed season and the cotton up of Prodenia, which only became serious growing season, both in the crop in March. and in surrounding areas. During the season the timing of insecti­ (3) Routine weekly insect surveys to cide applications was based on the results estimate pest abundance. of routine weekly insect surveys of all (4) Insecticide applications timed cotton experiments. Initial insecticide according to the results of the dosage rates were 4 lb. DDT plus i lb. surveys. Endrin active ingredient per acre. These (5) Destruction of cotton plants as rates were later increased to 1 + i lb. soon after picking as possible.

WEEDS AND WEED CONTROL

By P. J. VAN RUN

UNTIL 1960, pre-irrigation followed by tillage and where possible subsequent inter-row cultivation, were accepted as standard techniques for weed control at the Station.

However, they were not fully effective (Echinochloa crus-galli) together with in preventing weeds from becoming a awnless barnyard grass, and, in the wet serious problem particularly on long season, nut-grass (Cyperus spp.) are the cropped land. In 1960, an intensive study main weeds of rice. Contaminated crop of weeds and methods of their control seed and agricultural machinery as well was initiated. It was established that pig­ as irrigation water were found to be im­ weed (Trianthema portulucastrum and portant in spreading weed infestation Portulaca oleracea), Chloris grass (Chloris (van Rrjn 1962). barbata), and awnless barnyard grass The results of experiments on chemical (Echinochloa colonum) are the main weed control in crops are summarised in weeds of upland crops. Barnyard grass Table 8. 311

Journal of Agriculture, Vol 6 No 5 1965 Table 8.—Successful chemical weed-control methods based on Experiments in 1960-64 period

Crop Time of Application Remarks References

Cotton Trianthema portulucas- Diuron 3—4 weeks before Nov.- Minimum disturbance of van Rijn (1964c) trum, Portulaca oleracea, Dec. planting soil at sowing essen­ PhyJfanthus mader- tial. Effective through­ aspatanus, Sida spp., out crop season and Sesbania spp. Diuron Pre-emergence Effective throughout most van Rijn (1964c) of growing season Dicryl 3-6 7-10 days after emer­ Period of effective con­ van Rijn (1964c) gence trol shorter than that of Diuron

Rice Echinochloa crus-galli, £. STAM F--34 3-6 2-3 weeks after emer­ Excellent control van Rijn (1963a) calonum, Cyperus spp., gence (wet season) CIPC 4-8 Post-emergence at Good control van Rijn (1964b) weed appearance EPTC 1 Pre-sowing Good control .... van Rijn (1964b)

Safilower and Chloris spp., Echinochloa Diuron 1-1 Pre-emergence Good control ... van Rijn (1964a) linseed colonum, and Portulaca TCA 4-8 Pre-emergence Good control of grasses van Rijn (1964a) oltracea but not pigweed TCA 4 Early post-emergence Good control of grasses van Rijn (1964a) but not pigweed

In the dry season satisfactory weed cultivation with a majestic plough is control can be achieved in irrigation succesful in controlling suckers. Experi­ channels and drains by delving and burn­ ments with herbicides show that 2, 4, 5- ing. In the wet season chemical weed T at 6 lb. A.I. per acre controlled regrowth control is needed. It was found that of Eucalyptus ferruginea and Acacia Monuron at rates equivalent to 12-16 lb. mangium, partially controlled Eucalyptus per acre A.I. (active ingredient) and tetrodonta, and failed to control Erythro- Simazine at 12 lb. A.I. per acre controlled phleum chlorostachys. Monuron at 30-40 most weeds. Their effectiveness was in­ lb. A.I per acre effectively controlled the creased by burning weeds and delving suckers of the first three but not of the channels prior to spraying. To avoid crop last species. injury, irrigation channels should be Apart from proper botanical indenti- sprayed at least a fortnight before sowing and Monuron should not be used for fication, the work on weeds has been con­ channels supplying rice, while Simazine cerned mainly with chemical control should not be used for those supplying techniques. This will continue, but in cotton (van Rijn 1963b). future more emphasis will be given to Cockatoo sandy soils carry eucalypt ecology of the main weed species to gain open forest vegetation and regrowth of the knowledge needed to develop other, tree suckers occurs after clearing. Deep possibly cheaper methods of control.

AGRONOMY OF PASTURE AND FODDER CROPS

By D. B. PARBERY

INTRODUCTIONS

EARLIER reports mentioned the wide range of pasture and fodder plants tried at Kimberley Research Station since the station began (Anon. 1958; Anon. 1960).

In an attempt to classify the perform- and grasses were planted in the nursery ance of many of these plants, together on Cununurra clay during 1963 and 1964. with more recently introduced species All plantings were duplicated on natural and varieties, several hundred legumes and fertilised soil, and grown under 312

Journal of Agriculture, Vol 6 No 5 1965 irrigation. A smaller selection of plants (Anon 1960). Following the earlier work, was introduced on Cockatoo sand, grown a larger-scale evaluation trial was put under rainfed conditions. down preceding the 1962-63 wet season in Plantings on the clay were divided an area where Clitoria from the previous according to season, i.e., the hot-wet experiments had associated itself with (November-April), the cool-dry (May- Chloris barbata. Dry matter and crude July), and the hot-dry (August-October). protein production from the pasture mix­ Tropical and sub-tropical species were ture was studied under three watering planted in the first and third seasons, regimes, three cutting frequencies, and while temperate species were grown in three nitrogen applications between April the cool dry. 1963 and March 1964. While the pasture On Cununurra clay, several plants grew gave highest production under a two- well during the hot-wet season. These weekly watering and a two-monthly cut­ included Cenchrus ciliaris, Chloris gayana, ting system (3-6 tons of dry matter/acre), Chloris barbata, Panicum maximum, it showed a marked response to nitrogen Sorghum almum, Hyparrhenia rufa, fertiliser under all conditions. Although Bothriochloa insculpta among the peren­ Clitoria nodulated freely, it shared with nial grasses; Leucaena glauca, Stylos- the grass the response to nitrogen. Under anthes gracilis, Cajanus cajan, Phaseolus the two-month cutting system, dry matter atropurpureus var. Siratro, and Clitoria production increased from 3 tons per acre ternatea among the perennial legumes; per year to almost 6 tons per acre per Sorghum spp., and the millets among the year with 4 cwt. per acre per year of annual grasses; and Phaseolus lathy- ammonium sulphate applied in split dress­ roides, Sesbania speciosa, Vigna sinensis, ings after each cutting. and Dolichos lablab among the annual Since Clitoria does not seem to make legumes. nitrogen available to its associated grass Outstanding performers in the cool dry as a temperate clover would do, it may season included Lolium multiflorum, be more practical, and economic, to grow Lolium perenne, Dactylon cynodon var. pure stands of more highly producing Bermuda, and Eragrostis chloromelas strains of this legume. The protein con­ among the perennial grasses; Avena tent of the plant is satisfactory and it sativa, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum is highly palatable. No evidence of vulgare, among the annual grasses; and bloating has been recorded. Melilotus indica as well as the vetches among the annual legumes. Annual Pasture Evaluation On the Cockatoo sand, during the hot- Two sorghum species, used successfully wet season, several plants grew and for grazing in other tropical countries, yielded well. These included Cenchrus were tested over one year. They were setigerus and Cenchrus ciliaris among the grown with irrigation except during the perennial grasses; Phaseolus atropur­ wet season, and given different rates of pureus var. Siratro among the perennial nitrogen fertilisation. legumes; Pennisetum typhoides among the annual grasses; and Dolichos lablab, Both Sudan grass and Sorghum almum Vigna sinensis, and Stylosanthes humilis grew well but developed early symptoms among the annual legumes. of nitrogen starvation, even on plots which received dressings in excess of 6 cwt. per The introductions are being evaluated acre of ammonium sulphate at planting. in terms of dry matter and protein It was found that Sudan grass could be production, particularly during the dry successfully ratooned throughout the season, as well as for general growth year, as long as it was not cut later than vigour, persistence, disease and pest flowering stage. However, it is unlikley resistance. that production from either plant will be satisfactory without heavy top-dressings Perennial Pasture Evaluation of nitrogenous fertiliser, after cutting or The performance of Clitoria ternatea as a grazing. Grazing of the Sudan grass by possible perennial pasture legume for the the Station's dairy herd presented further Ord was discussed in the previous report problems in that the irrigation banks 313 Journal of Agriculture, Vol 6 No 5 1965 Choose the power and transmission you NOW 3,000,000 TRACTORS LATER, FORD BRING YOU NEW STANDARDS OF TRACTOR PERFORMANCE AND VALUE Here they are: New weight and strength in hydraulic power, providing 10 forward speeds Diesel Power. Proved by 60,000 hours of and 2 reverse. A single lever shifts instantly testing—All tractor, all Ford—heavy, rugged, to any gear, at any time, without stopping, dependable, ranging from 37 to 65 H.P. Ford without clutching, and without delay. Select- now makes horsepower far more useful, with O-Speed controls both drawbar pull and ground sizes and features to handle a wider range of speed. Proved by 60,000,000 hours of field agricultural operations than you've known work in North America with over five years of before. You can expect remarkably high actual farm use. Proved in Australia by the performance at lower cost from any of these revolutionary Ford 6000 on Australia's broad- four great entirely new tractors! acres. Now Select-O-Speed is yours to specify on either the Ford 5000, 4000 or 3000 models. AND FORD'S EXCLUSIVE SELECT-O- You'll be able to do more drawbar or power SPEED TRANSMISSION. take-off work with Select-O-Speed than with The greatest advance since hydraulics—Select- any other type of transmission installed in any O-Speed—a gear transmission, controlled by comparable class of tractor.

TRACTORS

EQUIPMENT

v> FORDilVU B PORD/KSU D §®®® u m WmmWm§3®® ® HDiliii 3 Cyl. Direct Start Diesel Engine. 6-speed 3 Cyl. Direct Start Diesel Engine. 8-speed dual range gear box with transmission or dual range gear box with transmission or live live PTO or 8-speed dual range gear box PTO or Ford's Select-O-Speed power shift and live PTO. transmission with single speed (540 rpm) or Ford Tractor and Implement Division, Coburg, Vic. multiple speed (540/1000 rpm ground speed) GXT8I0.L independent PTO's.

Please mention the "Journal of Agriculture of W.A.,Journal" when ofwritin Agriculture,g to advertiser Vol s6 No 5 1965 want in the new-size tractors from Ford NEW FORD ENGINES DELIVER HIGH TORQUE AT LOW SPEEDS-GIVE EXTRA PULLING POWER-ADD YEARS TO ENGINE LIFE No other tractors will perform more effectively on so little fuel. Direct injection and a new concept in combustion chamber design mixes fuel and air so efficiently that combustion is exceptionally complete. Starting is sure, fast, easy! Heavy ribbing and rugged mounting flanges provide exceptional struc­ tural strength. SELECT-O-SPEED/FORD PIONEERED HYDRAULICALLYSHIFTEDTRANSMISSION. Shift gears on the go without stopping, without clutching. Start loads in a slower gear shift up under load to a faster speed. You can precisely match load with engine power. The selector level actuates hydraulic valves that determine gear ratio and travel direction. With Select-O-Speed, PTO is completely independent. Forward speed can be varied without affecting PTO revs.

PORDECII II pone ^iiaDllili cSE)®® 65HJR 3 Cyl. Direct Start Diesel Engine. 8-speed 4 Cyl. Direct Start Diesel Engine. 8-speed dual range gear box with transmission PTO dual range gear box with fully independent or fully independent 540 rpm PTO or Select-O- 540 rpm PTO or Ford Select-O-Speed power Speed with single speed (540 rpm) or multiple shift transmission with 540 rpm fully inde­ speed (540/1000 rpm/ground speed) inde­ pendent PTO. pendent PTO's.

Please mention the "Journal of Agriculture of W.A.," when writing to advertisers Journal of Agriculture, Vol 6 No 5 1965 quickly broke down under trampling, and The potential for sorghum on the Ord the plants themselves were damaged when is generally noteworthy when it is con­ grazing occurred during or soon after rain sidered that 6 fodder cuts or 3 grain or irrigation. harvests could be taken from fodder and grain varieties, respectively, without re­ Annual Fodder Crops planting, in any one year period. All members of the Sorghum genus grew While several annual legumes estab­ well when planted in the introduction lished only the vetches resisted Prodenia nursery. They proved to be outstanding caterpillar attack. Of the vetches, the in that all could be cut several times in purple-flowered variety was superior. one year without replanting. These crops produced well during the Annual production from the leading cooler months of June, July and August fodder sorghum introduction exceeded 80 when night temperatures rarely drop tons per acre of green chop, or 19 tons below 50° F. and day temperatures remain per acre of dry matter, containing 1£ tons in the 80's and 90's. per acre of protein when cut six times in the year following planting. Excellent results were obtained from Grain sorghums also did well. Alpha purple vetch in combination with an yielded 7,500 lb. per acre of grain (9 per early and late maturing oat. These com­ cent, moisture) when harvested twice binations produced an attractive crop, within the year, as well as 30 tons per suitable for grazing or conservation as acre of green chop (4 cuts), or 9 tons hay. When cut at the cereal dough stage, per acre of dry matter, averaging from hay yields in excess of 3 tons per acre 7 to 8 per cent, protein content. acre were recorded.

DRY SEASON CEREALS

By D. F. BEECH and D. B. PARBERY

TEMPERATE cereals and fodder crops have been grown successfully under irrigation during the dry winter.

Wheat Maize Yields from 2,000 to 3,000 lb. per acre Yields up to 4,500 lb. of grain and up have been obtained, the optimum plant­ to 20,000 lb. of green crop at the dough ing time being from May until early June. stage have been obtained. The optimum The response to nitrogen fertiliser as of time of planting is from March to early ammonium was linear up to 4 cwt. per June. These yields were obtained with acre. fertiliser dressings of 2 cwt. ammonium sulphate and 2 cwt. superphosphate. Oars Two problems occurred with this crop. Yields up to 1,900 lb. per acre (Ballidu) and up to 2,400 lb. per acre (Avon) have Because of poor depth-penetration by been obtained. The optimum time of maize roots in Cununurra clay the weight planting is being studied. Responses to increase at ear set can cause lodging. nitrogen fertiliser are obtained with high Prodenia attacks maize at the seedling rates producing attractive hay. stage.

316 Journal of Agriculture, Vol 6 No 5 1965 CATTLE HUSBANDRY

By J. H. AUTY and A. HENDERSON

SINCE the publication of the last progress report research effort in the field of animal husbandry has been directed to investigation of the feeding value of high protein by-products from the cotton and oilseed industries. This work has been carried out with steers, weaners, and breeders.

In a pilot experiment with two-year-old • To have fat cattle for slaughter steers, it was found that when stresses in late dry or early wet seasons. such as water shortage, tick infestation, • To finish selected cattle at 2\ and phosphate deficiency were eliminated years. by good management, steers were only able to maintain their weight for the first Breeders may be supplemented: half of the dry season and lost weight • To build up heifers for their first precipitously at the end of the dry season. calf. Steers supplemented with protein meal • To avoid deaths in all seasons. continued to gain weight throughout the • To increase turnoff of male and dry season until early rains fell, at which and female cattle. time some weight loss was experienced . In a follow-up experiment weaner steers If cattle are to be fed for survival then were fed over a three year period (a) in only 50 lb. of protein meal or its equivalent all three dry seasons, (b) in two seasons, should be required per beast per annum (c) in one season, and (d) in none. Satis­ provided suffcient dry standing pasture is factory bodyweight gains over the three- available to supply dry matter require­ year period were made by those steers ments. If breeders are to maintain full which had been fed in all dry seasons. productive capacity and be brought at In the second dry season, steers which last to the butcher, then something less were fed made substantial bodyweight than 300 lb. of meal is required. Definition gains, whilst the controls lost weight and of exact requirements awaits further many died. research. In a feeding trial with heifers, supple­ In an effort to measure the performance mentation had little effect on the first of cattle on range pasture, calves were calf crop. In the second dry season 50 per ear tagged at birth in order to establish cent, of the non-supplemented cows died time of conception, calving, growth rate, despite calf weaning in August and relief and tooth eruption. Great difficulty with of water, tick and other stresses. In the cattle control was experienced. Pre­ third season another cow died. The re­ liminary examination of incomplete data maining cows were supplemented with showed that Kimberley shorthorn cattle protein and survived. Each of the have much the same values for age of survivors received 51 lb. of meal. conception and tooth eruption as cattle In this experiment the supplemented elsewhere. cows, which received 300 lb. of meal per Small trials were conducted to measure dry season, were fat, sleek and lively the palatability of several oilseeds and of throughout the dry season, and showed a Wyndham blood and bone meal. Contrary calving percentage of more than 80. to expectations cattle ate blood and bone Based on the results of these experi­ meal readily when encouraged for a start ments, males should be supplemented only with linseed meal. All other oilseeds were for special purposes: palatable save mustard seed. Undelinted • To avoid deaths in severe seasons. cottonseed is moderately palatable, but 317 Journal of Agriculture, Vol 6 No 5 1965 stock will consume at least 4 lb. per The Kimberleys must be considered head per day. particularly favoured, for the rainfall, Based on experiments at the research though seasonal, is much more reliable station, a large field trial is being con­ than over much of pastoral Australia. ducted on Argyle Station in the East The estabilshment of a cotton industry Kimberleys. Three hundred breeders are at Kununurra producing supplements being fed on whole, crushed, undelinted locally means that the troughs in nutri­ cottonseed. At the time this report was tion can now be eliminated with the prepared cattle were eating 4 lb. per head promise of a major increase in turn-off per day. for the whole region.

PAPERS CONCERNING WORK AT KIMBERLEY RESEARCH STATION Anon. (1950).—Kimberley Research Station Chapman, A. L. and van Rijn, P. J. (1964).— progress report, 1947-49. J. Dept. Agric. Dry season rice varieties for the Ord River W. Aust. 27 (Second Series): 199-209. valley. J. Dept. Agric. W. Aust., 5 (Fourth Series): 241-242. Anon. (1958).—Kimberley Research Station progress report, 1957. J. Dept. Agric. Langfleld, E. C. B. (1957).—Time of harvest in relation to grain breaking on milling in W. Aust. 7 (Third Series): 3-19. rice. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 23: 340-341. Anon. (1960).—Kimberley Research Station. A Langfleld, E. C. B. (1959a).—Studies on the progress report. J. Dept. Agric. W. Aust. nitrogen manuring of rice in northern Aus- 1 (Fourth Series). 5-14. stralia. Interantional Rice Commission Auty, J. H. (1964).—Range feeding of cotton Meeting, Ceylon, 1959. by-products in the Kimberleys. J. Dept. Langfleld, E. C. B. (1959b).—The effect of Agric. W. Aust. 5 (Fourth Series): 509-512. placement of ammonium sulphate on yield Basinski, J. J., Beech, D. F., and Lee, L. C. of rice in northern Australia. Tropical Science 1: 286-289. (1961).—Effect of time of planting on yields of safflower in northern Australia. Langfleld, E. C. B. (1961).—Rice growing in the Ord River valley. J. Dept. Agric. W. Aust. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 27: 156-158. 2 (Fourth Series): 629-637. Beech, D. F. (1960).—Safflower. An oil crop Langfleld, E. C. B. (1962).—Rice in the Kim­ for the Kimberleys. J. Dept. Agric. W. berleys. CSmO Aust. Div. Land Res. Reg. Aust. 1 (Fourth Series): 181-187. Surv. Div. Report 62/2 (Mimeo). Beech, D. F. (1962).—Irrigating dry season Langfleld, E. C. B. and Basinski, J. J. (I960).— crops in the Ord valley—how to prepare The effect of time of planting on behaviour land for sowing. J. Dept. Agric. W. Aust. of rice varieties in northern Australia. 3 (Fourth Series): 956-958. Trop. Agriculture 37: 283-292. Beech, D. F. (1963).—Safflower—an oil crop for Langfleld, E. C. B. and Chapman, A. L. (1959).— the Kimberleys. J. Dept. Agric. W. Aust. Note on rice variety-fertiliser interaction 1 (Fourth Series): 181-187. studies in northern Australia. International Beech, D. F. (1964a).—The effect of leaf re­ Rice Commission Meeting, Ceylon, 1959. moval on yield attributes of safflower. Lee, L. C, Chapman, A. L. and Basinski, J. J- Aust. J. Exp. Agric, Anim. Hush. 4 215-216. (1963).—Sugar cane trials at the Kimberley Beech, D. F. (1964b).—Linseed growing on the Research Station in north-western Austra­ Ord River. J. Dept. Agric. W. Aust. 5 lia. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 3: (Fourth Series): 933-936. 344-352. Beech, D. F. and Norman, M. J. T. (1963a).— The effect of time of planting on yield Richards, K. T. (1964).—Insect pests of cotton attributes of sub-tropical linseed varieties. in the Ord River Irrigation Area. J. Dej)t. Aust, J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 3: 131- Agric. W. Aust. 5 (Fourth Series): 79-86 139. and 120-132. Beech, D. F and Norman, M. J. T. (1963b).— van Rijn, P. J. (1962).—Weed problems in the The effect of time of planting on yield attributes of safflower. Aust J. Exp. Agric. Kimberleys. J. Dept. Agric. W. Aust. 3 Anim. Husb. 3: 140-148. (Fourth Series): 211-214. Beech, D. F. and Norman, M. J. T. (1964a).— van Rijn, P. J. (1963a).—STAM F-34, a post- The effect of land treatment in the preced­ emergence herbicide for rice in the lower ing wet season on yield of linseed in the Ord River valley. J. Aust Inst. Agric. Sci. Ord River valley. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. 29: 42-43. Husb. 4: 197-205. van Rijn, P. J. (1963b).—Chemical weed con­ Beech, D. F. and Norman, M. J. T. (1964b).— trol in irrigation channels at the Kimberley The effect of time of planting and nitrogen Research Station, Western Australia. Aust. fertiliser on yield attributes of brassica oil­ J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 3: 170-172. seed crops in the Ord River valley. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 4: 206-214. 318 Journal of Agriculture, Vol 6 No 5 1965 van Rijn, P. J. (1964a).—Chemical weed con­ Thomson, N. J. (in press b).—Cotton variety trol in the Ord River valley. I. Oilseed trials in the Ord River valley. II. The crops: safflower and linseed. Aust. J. Exp. performance of a group of varieties over Agric. Anim. Husb. 4: 309-315. three seasons. Emp. Cott. Grow. Rev. (in van Rijn, P. J. (1964b).—Chemical weed con­ press). trol in the Ord River valley, n Rice. Thompson, N. J. (in press c).—Cotton variety Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 4: 316- trials in the Ord River valley. III. Effect 320. of time of sowing on varieties of different van Rijn, P. J. (1964c).—Chemical weed con­ maturity. Emp. Cott. Grow. Rev. (in press). trol in the Ord River valley, m. Cotton Thomson, N. J. (in press d).—Cotton variety Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. 4: 321-325. trials in the Ord River valley. IV. Natural van Rijn, P. J. (in press).—Observations on the crossing of cotton. Emp. Cott. Grow. Rev. chemical control of tree suckers on (in press). Cockatoo sand in the Ord River valley. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. (in press). Thomson, N. J. (in press).—Lint percentage of cotton in the Ord River valley, northern van Rijn, P. J. and Chapman, A. L. (1964).— Australia. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. Anim. Husb. Phosphate requirements of rice in the Ord (in press). River valley. J. Dept. Agric. W. Aust. 5 (Fourth Series): 45-46. Thomson, N. J. (in preparation).—Nitrogen fertilisation of irrigated cotton at Kim- Ritson, J. B. and Norman, M. J. T. (1961).— berley Research Station. A sample census of cattle in the east Kim- berley region. J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 27: Thomson, N. J. and Basinski, J. J. (1959).— 16-19. Bacterial blight of cotton in north western Stern, W. R. (in press).—The seasonal growth Australia J. Aust. Inst. Agric. Sci. 25: 297- characteristics of irrigated cotton in a dry 298. monsoonal environment. Aust. J. Agric. Thomson, N. J. and Basinki, J. J. (1960).—A Res. 16 (3). note on blackarm in northern Australia. Stern, W. R. (in preparation).—Evapotrans- Emp. Cott. Grow. Rev. 37: 30-31. piration of safflower at three densities of Thomson, N. J. and Basinki, J. J. (1962a).— sowing. Ripening characteristics of irrigated cotton Stern, W. R. and Beech, D. F. (in preparation). at Kimberley, northern Australia. Emp. —The growth of safflower (Carthamus Cott. Grow. Rev. 39: 27-34. tinctorius L.) in a low latitude environment. Thomson, N. J. and Basinski, J. J. (1962b).— Thomson, N. J. (1962).—Cotton growing on the Cotton in the Ord valley of northern Aus­ Ord River. J. Dept. Agric. W. Aust. 3 tralia. Emp. Cott. Grow. Rev. 39: 81-92. (Fourth Series): 412-422. Thomson, N. J. (1964).—Productivity of the Thomson, N. J. and Basinski, J. J. (1964).— second fruiting cycle of cotton in the Ord Harvesting practices, quality and yields of valley, northern Australia. Emp. Cott. cotton in the Ord valley, northern Austra­ Grow. Rev. 41: 94-99. lia. Emp. Cott. Grow. Rev. 41: 81-93. Thomson, N. J. (in press a).—Cotton variety Toms, W. J. (1963).—A progress report on trials in the Ord River valley. I. Initial commercial cotton growing on the Ord assessment of varieties. Emp. Cott. Grow. River Project. J. Dept. Agric. W. Aust. 4 Rev. (in press). (Fourth Series): 754-778.

319 Journal of Agriculture, Vol 6 No 5 1965 It's what's under the roof that really counts . - .

building a reputation depends on efficiency and service

It takes more than bricks and mortar to build a reputation. A reputation is built JOIN AN AUSTRALIA by people and the people at Dalgety-N.Z.L. WIDE FAMILY are constantly working at building theirs ... They know that the critical eyes of the Company's many clients are looking for a high degree of efficiency and a service second to none . . . The men at Dalgety- DALGETY-N.Z.L. N.Z.L. are pledged to give these things ... Worth having a look for yourself. Australia's Most Active Pastoral Company

FOR SERVICE IN WOOL LIVESTOCK SEEDS MERCHANDISE INSURANCE TRAVEL PROPERTIES

Please mention the "Journal of Agriculture of W.A.," when writing to advertisers Journal of Agriculture, Vol 6 No 5 1965