Arkansas 1 Arkansas

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Arkansas 1 Arkansas Arkansas 1 Arkansas Estado de Arkansas State of Arkansas Estado de los Estados Unidos Bandera Escudo Otros nombres: The Natural State, Land of Opp Lema: Regnat populus (en latín) [1] [1] Coordenadas Coordenadas: 34°48′N 92°12′O Coordenadas: 34°48′N 92°12′O • Longitud 89°41'O a 94°42'O Capital Little Rock • Población 184.564 Entidad Estado • País Estados Unidos Gobernador Mike Beebe (D) Senadores Mark Pryor (D) Blanche Lincoln (D) Subdivisiones 75 condados Fundación 15 de junio de 1836 Admisión 25º estado Superficie Puesto 29.º de 50 • Total 137 733 km² • Agua 2 875 (2,1%) km² Altitud • Media 198 msnm • Máxima 839 msnm • Mínima 17 msnm Población (2012) Puesto 32.º de 50 [2] • Total 2,949,131 hab. • Densidad 20,58 hab/km² Gentilicio arkansés, sa Arkansas 2 PIB (nominal) • Total (2005) USD 95.371 millones • PIB per cápita USD 33.643 IDH 0,710 (47.º de 50) – medio Huso horario Central: UTC-6/-5 Código postal AR ISO 3166-2 US-AR [3] Sitio web oficial Arkansas ([ˈɑɹkənsɔː] en inglés y /arkánsas/ en castellano) es un estado del centro-suroeste (región Sur) de los Estados Unidos de América,[] con capital en la ciudad de Little Rock. Limita con el río Misisipi, y los estados de Misuri, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Luisiana, Texas y Misisipi. El nombre del estado deriva de la palabra kansas (el término con que los indios algonquinos designaban a los indios quapaw), tal como la pronunciaban los franceses en el siglo XVII.[4] La geografía diversa del estado parte de las regiones montañosas del Ozark y las montañas de Ouachita, que componen las tierras altas del interior de los EE. UU., a la tierra densamente boscosa en el sur conocida como el Arkansas Timberlands, hasta las tierras bajas del este a lo largo del río Misisipi y el delta de Arkansas. Conocido como el "Estado Natural", las diversas regiones de Arkansas ofrecen a los residentes y turistas una variedad de oportunidades de recreación al aire libre. Medio físico Desde el punto de vista geomorfológico, el territorio de Arkansas puede dividirse en dos grandes regiones naturales: las tierras altas del oeste, que cubren la región de Ouchita y la meseta de Ozark; y las tierras bajas, que abarcan la llanura aluvial del Misisipi y la llanura costera del golfo de México. Al noroeste de esta llanura se eleva la cordillera de Crowley, una formación de loes (sedimentos eólicos) que forma una 'sierra' de 150 metros de altura media y 20 kilómetros de anchura. La llanura costera del golfo de México comienza al sur de Little Rock y se eleva casi imperceptiblemente hasta alcanzar una Vista desde la cima de la montaña Petit Jean, altura media de 90 metros. Gran parte de la riqueza agropecuaria de ubicada en el valle del río Arkansas, de Mather Lodge en el Parque Estatal Petit Jean. Arkansas se localiza en esta llanura costera, rica en pastos. Las tierra altas, Ouchita y la meseta de Ozark, contrastan con el resto del territorio descrito anteriormente, al tratarse de una unidad que se eleva 850 msnm. El punto más alto del estado, el monte Magazine (860 m), se halla en esta zona. Las tierras altas son una región boscosa, con población escasa y dispersa. En la meseta de Ozark, una altiplanicie erosionada situada al norte del valle de Arkansas, destacan las montañas Boston, colinas de 600 msnm que la erosión del viento ha dividido en secciones escalonadas y que luego han formado superficies escarpadas. El río Misisipi, que marca la frontera este del estado, es principal receptor de las aguas de la mayoría de las corrientes fluviales que drenan el territorio de Arkansas: los ríos Little Red, Ouchita, Arkansas y Saint Francis. Asimismo, cuenta con numerosos lagos, la mayor parte de ellos obras de ingeniería construidas en la región del norte a partir de 1940. El clima de Arkansas es suave, pues los vientos del sur impiden los inviernos excesivamente fríos, si bien en la zona meridional las temperaturas son notablemente más altas que en el norte (donde en ocasiones se han registrado temperaturas por debajo de los -17° C). Así, las temperaturas medias en invierno son de 2° C, y de 27° C en verano. Arkansas 3 Las precipitaciones medias anuales (raramente en forma de nieve) se sitúan en torno a 1.200 mm, concentradas entre los meses de mayo y diciembre ya que las tormentas de verano son escasas y el otoño es generalmente una estación seca, lo cual beneficia en gran medida las actividades agrícolas. Ciudades y pueblos Little Rock ha sido la ciudad capital de Arkansas desde que sustituyó a Arkansas Post como la capital del Territorio de Arkansas.[5] La capital del estado se trasladó a Hot Springs y más tarde a Washington durante la Guerra Civil, cuando los ejércitos de la Unión amenazaron a la ciudad en 1862 y el gobierno estatal no volvió a Little Rock hasta después de terminada la guerra. Hoy en día, el área metropolitana de Little Rock-North Little Rock-Conway es la más grande del estado, con una población de 709.910 en 2011.[6] Palacio de Justicia del Condado de Cleveland en El área metropolitana de Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers es la segunda Rison. más grande de Arkansas, creciendo a un ritmo más rápido debido a la afluencia de las empresas y el crecimiento de la Universidad de Arkansas.[7] El estado cuenta con ocho ciudades con una población superior a 50.000 (basado en el censo de 2010). Demografía De acuerdo con los datos de Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, la población total del estado es de 2,6 millones habitantes, con una tasa de crecimiento anual de 0,9%. La población urbana de este estado se cifra en el 48,3% (1996), muy por debajo del nivel nacional (79,9%). El 25,8% de los residentes de Arkansas son menores de 18 años, y el 14,3% han cumplido los 65 años. El índice de mortalidad infantil es de 0,93%, muy por encima del índice de los Estados Unidos, lo que le convierte en el tercer estado con mayor mortalidad en la población menor de un año. Composición étnica Mapa de la densidad demográfica de Arkansas. Las áreas en rojo muestran mayor concentración En cuanto a la raza y el origen étnico, el estado se compone por un de personas. 80,1% de blancos (74,2% blancos no hispanos), el 15,6% de negros, el 0,9% de amerindios y nativos de Alaska, 1,3% de asiáticos, y un 1,8% a partir de dos o más razas. Los hispanos o latinos de cualquier raza componen el 6,6% de la población.[] En 2011, el 39,0% de la población menor de 1 año de Arkansas era perteneciente a alguna minoría étnica.[8] Economía Las actividades más importantes de Arkansas son la industria, el comercio, las actividades agropecuarias y la minería. Los sectores que emplean a más personas son, por este orden, los servicios, el comercio y la industria. En términos de Producto Interior Bruto (PIB), este estado experimenta un crecimiento del 4,6% anual (1995-1996). El mayor incremento en el PIB se ha producido en el sector agropecuario (9,1%), mientras el sector menos dinámico ha sido el de la construcción (4,9%). El 40% de la tierra de Arkansas son granjas, con un tamaño medio de 117 hectáreas. La tercera parte de la producción de estas explotaciones se dedican al cultivo, sobre todo de arroz (el mayor productor de EE. UU.) y de Arkansas 4 algodón (el sexto mayor productor del país), aunque también producen soja, trigo y sorgo. Arkansas es uno de los máximos productores en el país de pollos, pavos y huevos, y tiene una significativa cabaña de ganado vacuno. Sus piscifactorías, donde se producen sobre todo barbos y carpas, aportan fuertes ingresos al estado. Arkansas cuenta con una superficie boscosa que ocupa la mitad de su territorio, y que se explota en gran medida para la producción maderera, sobre todo de maderas blandas (ocupa el décimo puesto como mayor productor de madera en los EE.UU.). Sus recursos mineros más importantes son el gas natural y el bromo, además de contar con la única mina de diamantes de los EE. UU. Sus industrias más destacadas son las de procesamiento de productos alimenticios (sobre todo arroz), equipos electrónicos, tratamiento de madera y producción de papel y derivados. Con una fuerza laboral de 1,21 millones de personas, su nivel de paro es bajo, ya que Arkansas tiene una tasa de desempleo de 4,9% (1998). Los ingresos medios anuales per cápita son de 18.053 dólares (1998), y por unidad familiar de 27.665 dólares, unos 11.000 dólares por debajo de la media nacional, lo que le convierte en el estado con menores ingresos medios por familia en los EE. UU. Pese a ello, el índice de población que vive por debajo del índice de pobreza es de un 14,8%, lo que le sitúa en el duodécimo estado con mayor número de pobres oficiales. Pese a estos resultados, la situación ha mejorado durante la última década ya que en 1990, Arkansas ocupaba el cuarto puesto de los EE. UU., cuando casi el 20% de los residentes de Arkansas vivían por debajo del este índice de marginalidad. Historia Los primeros signos de población humana en Arkansas datan de 10.000 años antes de nuestra era, con los restos hallados en la meseta de Ozark y en la ribera del río Blanco; también se han localizado vestigios de grupos emparentados con los Toltecas, al sureste de la ciudad de Little Rock.
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