Characterization of Genes Involved in Recent Adaptation
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SPATA33 Localizes Calcineurin to the Mitochondria and Regulates Sperm Motility in Mice
SPATA33 localizes calcineurin to the mitochondria and regulates sperm motility in mice Haruhiko Miyataa, Seiya Ouraa,b, Akane Morohoshia,c, Keisuke Shimadaa, Daisuke Mashikoa,1, Yuki Oyamaa,b, Yuki Kanedaa,b, Takafumi Matsumuraa,2, Ferheen Abbasia,3, and Masahito Ikawaa,b,c,d,4 aResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; bGraduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; cGraduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan; and dThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1088639, Japan Edited by Mariana F. Wolfner, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, and approved July 27, 2021 (received for review April 8, 2021) Calcineurin is a calcium-dependent phosphatase that plays roles in calcineurin can be a target for reversible and rapidly acting male a variety of biological processes including immune responses. In sper- contraceptives (5). However, it is challenging to develop molecules matozoa, there is a testis-enriched calcineurin composed of PPP3CC and that specifically inhibit sperm calcineurin and not somatic calci- PPP3R2 (sperm calcineurin) that is essential for sperm motility and male neurin because of sequence similarities (82% amino acid identity fertility. Because sperm calcineurin has been proposed as a target for between human PPP3CA and PPP3CC and 85% amino acid reversible male contraceptives, identifying proteins that interact with identity between human PPP3R1 and PPP3R2). Therefore, identi- sperm calcineurin widens the choice for developing specific inhibitors. fying proteins that interact with sperm calcineurin widens the choice Here, by screening the calcineurin-interacting PxIxIT consensus motif of inhibitors that target the sperm calcineurin pathway. in silico and analyzing the function of candidate proteins through the The PxIxIT motif is a conserved sequence found in generation of gene-modified mice, we discovered that SPATA33 inter- calcineurin-binding proteins (8, 9). -
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Within Calcineurin-Encoding Genes
Annals of Applied Sport Science, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 01-08, Summer 2016 DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.aassjournal.4.2.1 Original Article www.aassjournal.com www.AESAsport.com ISSN (Online): 2322 – 4479 Received: 06/03/2016 ISSN (Print): 2476–4981 Accepted: 26/06/2016 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms within Calcineurin-Encoding Genes are Associated with Response to Aerobic Training in Han Chinese Males 1Rong-mei Xu, 2Tao Lu, 2Lingxian Yan, 1Qinghua Song* 1The Center of Physical Health, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China. 2 The Lab of Human Body Science, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan Province, China. ABSTRACT Calcineurin, which functions in calcium signaling, is expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle and has been linked to sensitivity to muscle strength training. It is also proposed to contribute to individual aerobic endurance. To investigate the relationship between calcineurin-encoding genes and aerobic endurance traits, 126 young-adult Han Chinese males were enrolled in an aerobic exercise training study. Participants were genotyped for polymorphisms within the 5 genes (PPP3CA, PPP3CB, PPP3CC, PPP3R1 and PPP3R2) encoding calcineurin using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) or matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Participants underwent 18 weeks of aerobic exercise training (running). Before and after the training period, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and 12 km/h running economy were measured. Statistical analyses were performed using chi-square test and analysis of variance. The baseline value of VO2max was significantly associated with rs3804423 and rs2850965 loci in the PPP3CA gene (P<0.05). -
Evolutionary Fate of Retroposed Gene Copies in the Human Genome
Evolutionary fate of retroposed gene copies in the human genome Nicolas Vinckenbosch*, Isabelle Dupanloup*†, and Henrik Kaessmann*‡ *Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Ge´nopode, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; and †Computational and Molecular Population Genetics Laboratory, Zoological Institute, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland Communicated by Wen-Hsiung Li, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, December 30, 2005 (received for review December 14, 2005) Given that retroposed copies of genes are presumed to lack the and rodent genomes (7–12). In addition, three recent studies regulatory elements required for their expression, retroposition using EST data (13, 14) and tiling-microarray data from chro- has long been considered a mechanism without functional rele- mosome 22 (15) indicated that retrocopy transcription may be vance. However, through an in silico assay for transcriptional widespread, although these surveys were limited, and potential activity, we identify here >1,000 transcribed retrocopies in the functional implications were not addressed. human genome, of which at least Ϸ120 have evolved into bona To further explore the functional significance of retroposition fide genes. Among these, Ϸ50 retrogenes have evolved functions in the human genome, we systematically screened for signatures in testes, more than half of which were recruited as functional of selection related to retrocopy transcription. Our results autosomal counterparts of X-linked genes during spermatogene- suggest that retrocopy transcription is not rare and that the sis. Generally, retrogenes emerge ‘‘out of the testis,’’ because they pattern of transcription of human retrocopies has been pro- are often initially transcribed in testis and later evolve stronger and foundly shaped by natural selection, acting both for and against sometimes more diverse spatial expression patterns. -
A Systematic Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD)
A systematic genome-wide association analysis for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel vorgelegt von Dipl.-Biol. ANDRE FRANKE Kiel, im September 2006 Referent: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Thomas C.G. Bosch Koreferent: Prof. Dr. Stefan Schreiber Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Zum Druck genehmigt: der Dekan “After great pain a formal feeling comes.” (Emily Dickinson) To my wife and family ii Table of contents Abbreviations, units, symbols, and acronyms . vi List of figures . xiii List of tables . .xv 1 Introduction . .1 1.1 Inflammatory bowel diseases, a complex disorder . 1 1.1.1 Pathogenesis and pathophysiology. .2 1.2 Genetics basis of inflammatory bowel diseases . 6 1.2.1 Genetic evidence from family and twin studies . .6 1.2.2 Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) . .7 1.2.3 Linkage studies . .8 1.2.4 Association studies . 10 1.2.5 Known susceptibility genes . 12 1.2.5.1 CARD15. .12 1.2.5.2 CARD4. .15 1.2.5.3 TNF-α . .15 1.2.5.4 5q31 haplotype . .16 1.2.5.5 DLG5 . .17 1.2.5.6 TNFSF15 . .18 1.2.5.7 HLA/MHC on chromosome 6 . .19 1.2.5.8 Other proposed IBD susceptibility genes . .20 1.2.6 Animal models. 21 1.3 Aims of this study . 23 2 Methods . .24 2.1 Laboratory information management system (LIMS) . 24 2.2 Recruitment. 25 2.3 Sample preparation. 27 2.3.1 DNA extraction from blood. 27 2.3.2 Plate design . -
The Role of Lamin Associated Domains in Global Chromatin Organization and Nuclear Architecture
THE ROLE OF LAMIN ASSOCIATED DOMAINS IN GLOBAL CHROMATIN ORGANIZATION AND NUCLEAR ARCHITECTURE By Teresa Romeo Luperchio A dissertation submitted to The Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland March 2016 © 2016 Teresa Romeo Luperchio All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Nuclear structure and scaffolding have been implicated in expression and regulation of the genome (Elcock and Bridger 2010; Fedorova and Zink 2008; Ferrai et al. 2010; Li and Reinberg 2011; Austin and Bellini 2010). Discrete domains of chromatin exist within the nuclear volume, and are suggested to be organized by patterns of gene activity (Zhao, Bodnar, and Spector 2009). The nuclear periphery, which consists of the inner nuclear membrane and associated proteins, forms a sub- nuclear compartment that is mostly associated with transcriptionally repressed chromatin and low gene expression (Guelen et al. 2008). Previous studies from our lab and others have shown that repositioning genes to the nuclear periphery is sufficient to induce transcriptional repression (K L Reddy et al. 2008; Finlan et al. 2008). In addition, a number of studies have provided evidence that many tissue types, including muscle, brain and blood, use the nuclear periphery as a compartment during development to regulate expression of lineage specific genes (Meister et al. 2010; Szczerbal, Foster, and Bridger 2009; Yao et al. 2011; Kosak et al. 2002; Peric-Hupkes et al. 2010). These large regions of chromatin that come in molecular contact with the nuclear periphery are called Lamin Associated Domains (LADs). The studies described in this dissertation have furthered our understanding of maintenance and establishment of LADs as well as the relationship of LADs with the epigenome and other factors that influence three-dimensional chromatin structure. -
Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiling of Randall's Plaques In
CLINICAL RESEARCH www.jasn.org Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiling of Randall’s Plaques in Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers † † Kazumi Taguchi,* Shuzo Hamamoto,* Atsushi Okada,* Rei Unno,* Hideyuki Kamisawa,* Taku Naiki,* Ryosuke Ando,* Kentaro Mizuno,* Noriyasu Kawai,* Keiichi Tozawa,* Kenjiro Kohri,* and Takahiro Yasui* *Department of Nephro-urology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; and †Department of Urology, Social Medical Corporation Kojunkai Daido Hospital, Daido Clinic, Nagoya, Japan ABSTRACT Randall plaques (RPs) can contribute to the formation of idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones; however, genes related to RP formation have not been identified. We previously reported the potential therapeutic role of osteopontin (OPN) and macrophages in CaOx kidney stone formation, discovered using genome-recombined mice and genome-wide analyses. Here, to characterize the genetic patho- genesis of RPs, we used microarrays and immunohistology to compare gene expression among renal papillary RP and non-RP tissues of 23 CaOx stone formers (SFs) (age- and sex-matched) and normal papillary tissue of seven controls. Transmission electron microscopy showed OPN and collagen expression inside and around RPs, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed that the papillary gene expression of CaOx SFs differed significantly from that of controls. Disease and function analysis of gene expression revealed activation of cellular hyperpolarization, reproductive development, and molecular transport in papillary tissue from RPs and non-RP regions of CaOx SFs. Compared with non-RP tissue, RP tissue showed upregulation (˃2-fold) of LCN2, IL11, PTGS1, GPX3,andMMD and downregulation (0.5-fold) of SLC12A1 and NALCN (P,0.01). In network and toxicity analyses, these genes associated with activated mitogen- activated protein kinase, the Akt/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and proinflammatory cytokines that cause renal injury and oxidative stress. -
Supplementary Information Severe Injury Is Associated
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION SEVERE INJURY IS ASSOCIATED WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE, ER STRESS RESPONSE AND UNFOLDED PROTEIN RESPONSE Marc G Jeschke, Celeste C Finnerty, David N Herndon, Juquan Song, Darren Boehning, Ronald G. Tompkins, Henry V. Baker, Gerd G Gauglitz Table of Contents Supplementary Table 1 S2 Supplementary Table 2 S11 Supplementary Table 3 S18 Supplementary Figure 1 S27 Supplementary Figure 2 S28 Supplementary Figure 3 S29 Supplementary Figure 4 S30 Supplementary Figure 5 S31 S2 Supplemental Table 1. List of genes with fold changes that are significantly altered by thermal injury in blood. Entrez Fold Fold Fold Gene Change Change Change Fold ID for Affymetrix 0‐ 11‐ 50‐ Change Symbol Human Entrez Gene Name Probe Set ID IPA Pathway 10dpb 49dpb 264dpb 265+dpb ACLY 47 ATP citrate lyase 210337_s_at Insulin Receptor Signaling, ‐1.343 ‐1.301 ACTA1 58 actin, alpha 1, skeletal muscle 203872_at Calcium Signaling, 3.189 AIFM1 9131 apoptosis‐inducing factor, mitochondrion‐associated, 1 205512_s_at Apoptosis, ‐1.264 ‐1.288 AKAP5 9495 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 5 230846_at Calcium Signaling, 1.512 Acute Phase Response, Insulin Receptor Signaling, PI3K/AKT AKT1 207 v‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 207163_s_at Signaling, 1.553 1.781 Acute Phase Response, Insulin Receptor Signaling, PI3K/AKT AKT2 208 v‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 226156_at Signaling, ‐1.447 ‐1.538 ‐1.239 ‐1.406 v‐akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 Acute Phase Response, Insulin Receptor Signaling, PI3K/AKT AKT3 10000 (protein kinase -
Nidaa Awaja Thesis.Pdf
THE ROLE OF SERINE/THREONINE PHOSPHATASES IN SPERM FUNCTION A dissertation submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Nidaa M. Awaja May 2017 © Copyright! All rights reserved! Except for previously published materials Dissertation written by Nidaa M. Awaja B.S., The Islamic University of Gaza, Gaza, Palestine, 2005 Ph.D., Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA, 2017 Approved by Dr. Srinivasan Vijayaraghavan, Chair, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Douglas W. Kline, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Jennifer Marcinkiewicz, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Fayez Safadi, Doctoral Dissertation Committee Dr. Soumitra Basu, Graduate Faculty Representative Accepted by Dr. Laura G. Leff, Chair, Department of Biological Sciences Dr. James L. Blank, Dean, College of Arts and Sciences ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures……………………………………………………………….…………… v List of Tables……………………………………………………………………………... x Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………………….. xi Dedication………………………………………………………………………………… xiv Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………. xv Chapter I: Introduction………………………………………………………………… 1 1.1 Mammalian spermatogenesis……………………………………………………. 1 1.2 Spermiogenesis…………………………………………………………………... 5 1.3 Regulation of spermatogenesis…………………………………………………... 5 1.4 The Spermatozoon………………………………………………………...……... 11 1.5 Epididymal sperm and motility initiation………………………………………... 15 1.6 Capacitation and fertilization……………………………………………………. 20 1.7 The role of protein phosphorylation in -
Mouse Ppp3r2 Conditional Knockout Project (CRISPR/Cas9)
https://www.alphaknockout.com Mouse Ppp3r2 Conditional Knockout Project (CRISPR/Cas9) Objective: To create a Ppp3r2 conditional knockout Mouse model (C57BL/6J) by CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome engineering. Strategy summary: The Ppp3r2 gene (NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_001004025 ; Ensembl: ENSMUSG00000028310 ) is located on Mouse chromosome 4. 2 exons are identified, with the ATG start codon in exon 1 and the TAA stop codon in exon 2 (Transcript: ENSMUST00000029991). Exon 1~2 will be selected as conditional knockout region (cKO region). Deletion of this region should result in the loss of function of the Mouse Ppp3r2 gene. To engineer the targeting vector, homologous arms and cKO region will be generated by PCR using BAC clone RP23-185H19 as template. Cas9, gRNA and targeting vector will be co-injected into fertilized eggs for cKO Mouse production. The pups will be genotyped by PCR followed by sequencing analysis. Note: Mice homozygous for a knock-out allele exhibit male infertility due to reduced hyperactivated sperm motility and midpiece rigidity. Exon 1~2 covers 100.0% of the coding region. Start codon is in exon 1, and stop codon is in exon 2. The size of effective cKO region: ~822 bp. The cKO region does not have any other known gene. Page 1 of 7 https://www.alphaknockout.com Overview of the Targeting Strategy gRNA region gRNA region Wildtype allele A T A T 5' G A 3' 1 2 Targeting vector A T A T G A Targeted allele A T A T G A Constitutive KO allele (After Cre recombination) Legends Homology arm Exon of mouse Ppp3r2 cKO region loxP site Page 2 of 7 https://www.alphaknockout.com Overview of the Dot Plot Window size: 10 bp Forward Reverse Complement Sequence 12 Note: The sequence of homologous arms and cKO region is aligned with itself to determine if there are tandem repeats. -
Genetic Risk Factors for PTSD: a Gene-Set Analysis of Neurotransmitter Receptors
Genetic Risk Factors for PTSD: A Gene-Set Analysis of Neurotransmitter Receptors Michael Lewis Dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In Psychology Russell T. Jones Bruce H. Scarpa-Friedman Margaret T. Davis Rachel A. Diana May 12, 2020 Blacksburg, VA Keywords: PTSD, Gene-set analysis, GSA-SNP2, Neurotransmitter receptors, serotonin, glutamate, intracellular signaling Genetic Risk Factors for PTSD: A Gene-Set Analysis of Neurotransmitter Receptors Michael Lewis Abstract (Academic) PTSD is a moderately heritable disorder that causes intense and chronic suffering in afflicted individuals. The pathogenesis of PTSD is not well understood, and genetic mechanisms are particularly elusive. Neurotransmitter systems are thought to contribute to PTSD etiology and are the targets of most pharmacotherapies used to treat PTSD, including the only two FDA approved options and a wide array of off-label options. However, the degree to which variations in genes which encode for and regulate neurotransmitter receptors increase risk of developing PTSD is unclear. Recently, large collaborative groups of PTSD genetics researchers have completed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using massive sample sizes and have made summary statistics available for public use. In 2018, a new technique for high-powered analysis of GWAS summary statistics called GSA-SNP2 was introduced. In order to explore the relationship between PTSD and genetic variants in widely theorized molecular targets, this study applied GSA-SNP2 to manually curated neurotransmitter receptor gene-sets. Curated gene-sets included nine total “neurotransmitter receptor group” gene-sets and 45 total “receptor subtype” gene-sets. -
A Large-Scale RNA Interference Screen Identifies Genes That
www.nature.com/scientificreports Corrected: Author Correction OPEN A large-scale RNA interference screen identifes genes that regulate autophagy at diferent Received: 4 September 2017 Accepted: 30 January 2018 stages Published online: 12 February 2018 Sujuan Guo1, Kevin J. Pridham1,2, Ching-Man Virbasius3, Bin He4, Liqing Zhang4, Hanne Varmark5, Michael R. Green3 & Zhi Sheng1,6,7,8 Dysregulated autophagy is central to the pathogenesis and therapeutic development of cancer. However, how autophagy is regulated in cancer is not well understood and genes that modulate cancer autophagy are not fully defned. To gain more insights into autophagy regulation in cancer, we performed a large-scale RNA interference screen in K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia cells using monodansylcadaverine staining, an autophagy-detecting approach equivalent to immunoblotting of the autophagy marker LC3B or fuorescence microscopy of GFP-LC3B. By coupling monodansylcadaverine staining with fuorescence-activated cell sorting, we successfully isolated autophagic K562 cells where we identifed 336 short hairpin RNAs. After candidate validation using Cyto-ID fuorescence spectrophotometry, LC3B immunoblotting, and quantitative RT-PCR, 82 genes were identifed as autophagy-regulating genes. 20 genes have been reported previously and the remaining 62 candidates are novel autophagy mediators. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that most candidate genes were involved in molecular pathways regulating autophagy, rather than directly participating in the autophagy process. Further autophagy fux assays revealed that 57 autophagy- regulating genes suppressed autophagy initiation, whereas 21 candidates promoted autophagy maturation. Our RNA interference screen identifed genes that regulate autophagy at diferent stages, which helps decode autophagy regulation in cancer and ofers novel avenues to develop autophagy- related therapies for cancer. -
Supp Tables Feb 2008
Supplementary Table 1. (a) Basal alkylation sensitivity associated gene set (BASA) sorted by correlation (page 1 of 2) Present in Gene Symbol Gene Title Representative Public ID Probeset ID R (train) R (all) % accuracy Network MGMT O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase NM_002412 204880_at 0.95 0.74 69 Yes C21orf56 chromosome 21 open reading frame 56 AL136871 223360_at 0.86 0.54 56 No NQO2 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 2 NM_000904 203814_s_at -0.71 -0.53 69 No glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 GPD2 (mitochondrial) U36310 210007_s_at -0.72 -0.59 63 Yes RAD54B RAD54 homolog B (S. cerevisiae) NM_012415 219494_at -0.72 -0.66 63 Yes PIAS2 protein inhibitor of activated STAT, 2 AF361054 1555514_a_at -0.73 -0.58 69 No FLJ12442 hypothetical protein FLJ12442 NM_022908 218051_s_at -0.73 -0.53 69 No TM4SF12 transmembrane 4 superfamily member 12 NM_012338 219274_at -0.76 -0.58 63 No LRRK1 leucine-rich repeat kinase 1 AW792857 1565627_a_at -0.76 -0.53 81 No ARSB arylsulfatase B AW168942 232197_x_at -0.77 -0.52 75 No PPP2R1B protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A) T79584 202883_s_at -0.78 -0.58 56 Yes MSC musculin (activated B-cell factor-1) AF060154 209928_s_at -0.78 -0.55 69 Yes LOC283130 hypothetical protein LOC283130 AI336233 236436_at -0.79 -0.58 69 No LAMC1 laminin, gamma 1 (formerly LAMB2) NM_002293 200771_at -0.79 -0.69 75 Yes FLJ12886 hypothetical protein FLJ12886 NM_019108 221335_x_at -0.81 -0.59 75 No discoidin, CUB and LCCL domain containing DCBLD1 1 NM_173674 1553768_a_at -0.81 -0.53 75 No CMIP c-Maf-inducing protein AI363061 224992_s_at