Australian Commercial Law Dilan Thampapillai , Claudio Bozzi , Mark Giancaspro , George Yijun Tian Frontmatter More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-72849-2 — Australian Commercial Law Dilan Thampapillai , Claudio Bozzi , Mark Giancaspro , George Yijun Tian Frontmatter More Information

AUSTRALIAN COMMERCIAL LAW Second edition

The scope and reach of commercial law are quite wide, and it has utility in many other areas of law. Fully revised and updated, Australian Commercial Law offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to key aspects of commercial law in Australia. Part 1 introduces the fundamentals of contract law and business structures before examining the sale of goods, agency, bailment and personal property. Part 2 covers the Australian Consumer Law, focusing on areas important to commercial entities that interact with consumers, such as product liability, consumer guarantees and misleading and deceptive conduct. Part 3 examines international commercial law, providing a detailed introduction to the World Trade Organization and to agreements central to trade between countries. The second edition includes:

• detailed and thorough discussion of key concepts in commercial law • four new chapters on contract law basics, business structures, bankruptcy and international commercial law • thorough integration of digital and e-commerce transactions throughout the text • end-of-chapter discussion questions designed to test reader knowledge of key points and themes.

Written in a clear and concise style by an expert author team, Australian Commercial Law remains an indispensable resource for students who are seeking a comprehensive understanding of commercial law.

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-72849-2 — Australian Commercial Law Dilan Thampapillai , Claudio Bozzi , Mark Giancaspro , George Yijun Tian Frontmatter More Information

Dilan Thampapillai is a Senior Lecturer at the ANU College of Law at the Australian National University.

Claudio Bozzi is a Lecturer in the Faculty of Business and Law at Deakin University.

Mark Giancaspro is a Lecturer in the Adelaide Law School at the University of Adelaide.

George Yijun Tian is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Technology, Sydney.

Cambridge University Press acknowledges the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples as the traditional owners of Country throughout Australia. Cambridge University Press acknowledges the Mā ori people as tangata whenua of Aotearoa New Zealand. We pay our respects to the First Nation Elders of Australia and New Zealand, past, present and emerging.

AUSTRALIAN COMMERCIAL LAW SECOND EDITION

Dilan Thampapillai

Claudio Bozzi

Mark Giancaspro

George Yijun Tian

University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India 79 Anson Road, #06–04/06, Singapore 079906

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www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108728492 © Cambridge University Press 2015, 2020 This publication is copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2015 Second edition 2020 Cover designed by Marianna Berek-Lewis Typeset by SPI Global Printed in China by C & C Offset Printing Co. Ltd, May 2020 A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of Australia ISBN 978-1-108-72849-2 Paperback Additional resources for this publication at www.cambridge.edu.au/academic/commerciallaw. Reproduction and communication for educational purposes The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10% of the pages of this work, whichever is the greater, to be reproduced and/or communicated by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or the body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions contact: Copyright Agency Limited Level 12, 66 Goulburn Street Sydney NSW 2000 Telephone: (02) 9394 7600 Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601 E-mail: [email protected] Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.

Preface xix Table of cases xx Table of statutes lii List of abbreviations lxvi About the authors lxviii Acknowledgments lxix

PART 1 AUSTRALIAN COMMERCIAL LAW 1 1 Contract law and commercial regulators 3

1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Contracts in commerce 4 1.1.1 Common types of contract 5 1.1.2 General principles and ‘fragmentation’ of contract law 6 1.1.3 Formation 6 1.1.4 Terms 13 1.1.5 Performance and termination 16 1.1.6 Remedies 19 1.2 Commercial regulators 20 1.2.1 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission 20 1.2.2 Australian Securities and Investments Commission 21 1.2.3 Australian Prudential Regulation Authority 22 1.2.4 Australian Taxation Ofﬁce 22 1.2.5 Foreign Investment Review Board 23 1.2.6 Australian Securities Exchange Ltd 23 1.2.7 Reserve Bank of Australia 23 1.2.8 IP Australia 24 1.2.9 .au Domain Administration 24 1.3 Key points 25 1.4 Discussion questions 26 1.5 Further reading 26

2 Business structures 27

2.0 Introduction 28

2.1 Determining an appropriate structure 28 2.2 Types of business structure 29 2.2.1 Sole trader 29 2.2.2 Partnership 30 2.2.3 Joint venture 34 2.2.4 Franchise 36 2.2.5 Trust 39 2.2.6 Unincorporated association 41 2.2.7 Incorporated association 42 2.2.8 Corporation 44 2.3 Key points 49 2.4 Discussion questions 50 2.5 Further reading 50

3 Personal property 51

3.0 Introduction 52 3.1 Deﬁning personal property 52 3.1.1 Real and personal property 53 3.2 Possession 55 3.3 Interference with possession 57 3.3.1 Trespass 57 3.3.2 Conversion 58 3.3.3 Detinue 59 3.4 Loss of personal property rights 61 3.4.1 Intermixture 61 3.4.2 Accession 62 3.4.3 Fixtures 63 3.4.4 Finding 65 3.5 Challenging notions of personal property 65 3.5.1 Property rights in software 66 3.5.2 Virtual property 67 3.5.3 Commercial exploitation of medical research 69 3.5.4 Property rights in a spectacle 70 3.6 Key points 71 3.7 Discussion questions 71 3.8 Further reading 71

4 Sale of goods 72

4.0 Introduction 73 4.1 Interpreting the Sale of Goods Acts 73

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4.2 Applying the Sale of Goods Act 75 4.2.1 A contract of sale 75 4.2.2 Goods 76 4.2.3 Distinguishing a sale of goods contract 77 4.2.4 Price 80 4.3 Terms implied into sale of goods contracts 80 4.4 Correspondence with description 81 4.4.1 Sale by description 82 4.4.2 Reliance 83 4.4.3 Breaching the condition 84 4.5 Fitness for purpose 87 4.5.1 Particular purpose must be known 87 4.5.2 Particular purpose must be clearly disclosed 92 4.5.3 Seller must be in the business of supplying goods of that description 95 4.5.4 The trade name exception 95 4.6 Merchantable quality 96 4.7 Sale by sample 98 4.8 The right to sell, quiet possession and freedom from encumbrance 100 4.9 Key points 103 4.10 Discussion questions 103 4.11 Further reading 103

5 Transfer of property 104

5.0 Introduction 105 5.1 Categories of goods 105 5.1.1 Speciﬁc goods 105 5.1.2 Unascertained goods 105 5.1.3 Ascertained goods 106 5.1.4 Future goods 106 5.1.5 The importance of classifying goods 106 5.2 Transfer of property presumptions 107 5.2.1 Rule 1 108 5.2.2 Rule 2 108 5.2.3 Rule 3 109 5.2.4 Rule 4 110 5.2.5 Rule 5 110 5.3 Transfer by a non-owner (nemo dat) 112 5.3.1 Estoppel 113

Contents vii

5.3.2 Mercantile agent 118 5.3.3 Sale under voidable title 121 5.3.4 Seller or buyer in possession after sale 123 5.4 Retention of title 125 5.5 Retention of title clauses and the common law 125 5.6 Key points 130 5.7 Discussion questions 130 5.8 Further reading 130

6 Price and delivery 131

6.0 Introduction 132 6.1 Price 132 6.2 Sale of goods and barter 136 6.3 Performance of the contract 138 6.4 Delivery by instalments 142 6.5 Remedies of the buyer 143 6.5.1 Remedies available to the buyer 143 6.5.2 Purchaser’s acceptance of the goods 146 6.5.3 Acceptance and free on board (FOB), or cost, insurance, freight (CIF) contracts 150 6.5.4 Remedies for breach of a warranty implied by the Sale of Goods Act 150 6.5.5 Remedy for defective instalment deliveries 151 6.5.6 Damages for non-delivery or delayed delivery 152 6.5.7 Remedy for speciﬁc performance 153 6.6 Remedies of the seller 154 6.6.1 The price 154 6.6.2 Damages for non-acceptance 155 6.6.3 Unpaid seller against the goods 155 6.6.4 Lien or right to retain the goods 156 6.6.5 Withholding delivery 157 6.7 Key points 159 6.8 Discussion questions 159 6.9 Further reading 159

7 Agency law 160

7.0 Introduction 161 7.1 Agency 161 7.2 Actual authority 165

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7.2.1 Actual express authority 165 7.2.2 Actual implied authority 165 7.3 Ostensible authority 168 7.3.1 General principles of ostensible authority 169 7.3.2 Representation 170 7.3.3 Representation by an agent 174 7.3.4 Reliance 179 7.3.5 Detriment 181 7.4 Ratiﬁcation 181 7.5 The doctrine of the undisclosed principal 185 7.6 Agency by operation of law 188 7.7 The duties of agents and principals 190 7.7.1 The duties accompanying an agency relationship 190 7.7.2 Liability of the agent 191 7.7.3 Breach of warrant of authority 192 7.8 Termination of agency 194 7.9 Key points 194 7.10 Discussion questions 194 7.11 Further reading 195

8 Bailment 196

8.0 Introduction 197 8.1 Bailment 197 8.2 The requirements of bailment 198 8.3 Sub-bailment 202 8.4 Categories of bailment 203 8.4.1 Gratuitous bailment 204 8.4.2 Bailment for reward 205 8.5 Common duties of all bailments 208 8.6 Bailment and other legal relationships 213 8.6.1 Bailment and agency 214 8.6.2 Bailment and trust 214 8.6.3 Bailment and licence 214 8.6.4 Bailment and contract 215 8.7 Key points 216 8.8 Discussion questions 216 8.9 Further reading 216

Contents ix

9 Personal Property Securities Act 217

9.0 Introduction 218 9.1 What is the Personal Property Securities Act? 218 9.1.1 What happens to existing security arrangements? 221 9.2 What does the PPSA apply to? 221 9.3 What is a ‘security interest’? 223 9.4 Deemed security interests 224 9.5 What is not covered by the PPSA? 226 9.6 The creation of a security interest 227 9.6.1 Attachment 227 9.6.2 Attachment and perfection 229 9.7 Vesting in the grantor 235 9.8 Speciﬁc rules that apply to the proceeds from collateral 236 9.9 Extinguishment rules under the PPSA 238 9.9.1 Unperfected security interest 238 9.9.2 Perfected security interests 239 9.10 Determining priority 245 9.11 Purchase money security interest – special priority rules 247 9.11.1 Deﬁnition: Purchase money security interests 247 9.11.2 Priority 248 9.12 Important developments and changes 251 9.12.1 PPSA review 251 9.12.2 PPS lease change 2017 252 9.12.3 Importance of ABN versus ACN 253 9.13 Key points 254 9.14 Discussion questions 255 9.15 Problem question 255 9.16 Further reading 256

10 Contracts of guarantee 257

10.0 Introduction 258 10.1 The nature of the obligations 259 10.2 The nature of the obligations under a contract of guarantee 260 10.2.1 Principal debtor 261 10.2.2 Guarantor/surety 261 10.2.3 The guarantor’s collateral obligation is co-extensive 262 10.2.4 Continuing versus limited/speciﬁc guarantees 264 10.2.5 Personal liability of the guarantor 267

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10.2.6 Guarantee as security for whole or part of the debt 268 10.2.7 Must the guarantor pay the whole sum upon the principal debtor’s default? 268 10.2.8 What if a voidable guarantee is set aside? 268 10.2.9 What if the contract of guarantee is unenforceable? 269 10.2.10 The potential impact of the estoppel doctrine 269 10.3 Formation of the contract of guarantee 269 10.3.1 Situations in which a contract of guarantee may arise 269 10.3.2 Formation under principles of contract law 270 10.3.3 Formal requirements 272 10.4 Construction of the contract of guarantee 273 10.4.1 Current approaches to interpretation of guarantees 273 10.4.2 Extrinsic evidence as an interpretative aid 274 10.4.3 The recital 275 10.4.4 Consideration clause 276 10.4.5 Resolving discrepancies between guarantee and principal transaction 276 10.4.6 Is the guarantor liable for interest under the principal transaction? 276 10.4.7 Is the guarantor liable for the creditor’s costs? 278 10.4.8 Are the guarantor’s obligations secured? 278 10.4.9 What if there is a mistake in the contract of guarantee? 278 10.4.10 What if the contract of guarantee is defective? 279 10.5 Revocation of guarantees 279 10.6 Distinguishing guarantees from similar commercial transactions 280 10.6.1 Indemnities 280 10.6.2 Warranties 282 10.6.3 Insurance 282 10.7 Vitiating factors – setting aside guarantees 282 10.7.1 Duress 283 10.7.2 Unconscionability 283 10.7.3 Undue inﬂuence 284 10.7.4 Does a creditor have a general duty to explain? 285 10.7.5 The importance of the guarantor receiving independent advice 285 10.8 Discharging the liability of the guarantor 286 10.8.1 Discharge by performance 286 10.8.2 Payment by principal debtor to creditor in satisfaction of the principal obligation 286 10.8.3 An unfair preference under the Corporations Law 287 10.8.4 Appropriation of payments and securities 288 10.8.5 Discharge by the creditor’s release of the principal debtor 289

Contents xi

10.8.6 Discharge by novation 290 10.8.7 Termination following the creditor’s breach 290 10.8.8 Termination following the principal debtor’s breach 291 10.8.9 Variation of the contract of guarantee 291 10.8.10 Discharge by operation of law 292 10.9 Statutory regulation of guarantees and the creditor’s conduct 293 10.9.1 Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 (Cth) 293 10.9.2 National Credit Code 294 10.9.3 Contracts Review Act 1980 (NSW) 294 10.9.4 Banking Code of Practice 2020 296 10.10 Rights of the guarantor 297 10.10.1 Indemnity from principal debtor 297 10.10.2 Subrogation 299 10.10.3 The doctrine of marshalling 300 10.11 Contribution from co-sureties 300 10.12 Key points 302 10.13 Discussion questions 303 10.14 Further reading 303

11 Insurance 304

11.0 Introduction 305 11.1 The nature of insurance in Australia 305 11.2 Classifications of insurance 306 11.2.1 Indemnity and non-indemnity insurance 307 11.2.2 Event or subject matter being insured 307 11.3 Formation of an insurance contract 308 11.3.1 The policy, and offer and acceptance 308 11.3.2 Consideration 308 11.3.3 Cover note 309 11.3.4 Parties to the contract 309 11.3.5 Insurable interest 310 11.4 Construction of insurance contracts 310 11.4.1 Basic principles 310 11.4.2 Ambiguity and contra proferentem 311 11.4.3 Notification of specific or unusual terms 312 11.5 The duty of utmost good faith 313 11.5.1 Background 313 11.5.2 Content of the duty 315 11.5.3 The insured’s duty of utmost good faith 316 11.5.4 The insurer’s duty of utmost good faith 318

xii Contents

11.6 The duty of disclosure 322 11.6.1 Background 322 11.6.2 Insurer’s duty to notify the insured of duty of disclosure 323 11.6.3 When does the duty of disclosure arise? 324 11.6.4 The insured’s actual knowledge test (s 21(1)(a)) 324 11.6.5 The reasonable person test (s 21(1)(b)) 326 11.6.6 Matters that need not be disclosed under s 21(1) 327 11.6.7 Disclosure before contract originally entered into (s 21A) 331 11.6.8 Disclosure before contract renewed (s 21B) 332 11.6.9 Liability of co-insureds 333 11.7 Third parties to the insurance contract 333 11.8 Misrepresentation 335 11.8.1 Statements that are not misrepresentations 335 11.9 Remedies 337 11.9.1 Non-disclosure and misrepresentation under contracts of general insurance (s 28) 337 11.9.2 Non-disclosure and misrepresentation under contracts of life insurance (s 29) 340 11.10 The court’s discretion to overlook fraud (s 31) 341 11.11 Breaching a term of the policy 343 11.11.1 Circumstances where the insurer may not refuse to pay claims (s 54) 343 11.12 Fraudulent claims (s 56) 345 11.13 Expiry and cancellation of insurance contracts (ss 58, 59, 59A and 60) 347 11.13.1 Expiration 347 11.13.2 Cancellation 347 11.14 Key points 348 11.15 Discussion questions 349 11.16 Further reading 349

12 Bankruptcy 351

12.0 Introduction 352 12.1 Overview of the bankruptcy legislation 352 12.2 The aims and purposes of insolvency law 353 12.3 Administration of the Act 355 12.3.1 General administration 355 12.3.2 Inspector-General in Bankruptcy 355 12.3.3 Ofﬁcial Trustee and Ofﬁcial Receiver 355 12.3.4 Registered trustees 356

Contents xiii

12.3.5 Common Investment Fund 356 12.3.6 Courts exercising bankruptcy jurisdiction 356 12.4 Application of the Act 357 12.4.1 Minors 357 12.4.2 Persons of unsound mind 358 12.4.3 Persons in prison 358 12.4.4 Partnerships 358 12.4.5 Joint debtors 359 12.4.6 Compulsory bankruptcy 359 12.5 Court process 360 12.5.1 Against whom may a petition be presented? 360 12.5.2 Partnerships 360 12.5.3 Joint debtors 360 12.5.4 Debt owed of at least $5000 361 12.5.5 Australian connection 361 12.5.6 Vesting of property 362 12.6 Deﬁnitions: Solvency, insolvency, solvent and insolvent 362 12.7 Test for insolvency 363 12.8 Scope of the Act: Voluntary and involuntary bankruptcy 364 12.8.1 Bankruptcy on creditor’s petition 364 12.9 Voluntary bankruptcy 365 12.9.1 Moratorium provisions: Part IV, Division 2A 365 12.9.2 Bankruptcy on individual debtor’s petition 366 12.9.3 Partnership debtors 368 12.9.4 Acts of bankruptcy 368 12.9.5 Bankruptcy notice 369 12.9.6 Creditor’s petition 374 12.9.7 Hearing of creditor’s petition 374 12.9.8 Effect of a sequestration order 377 12.9.9 Proceedings after a sequestration order statement of affairs 378 12.9.10 Meetings of creditors 379 12.9.11 Discovery of the bankrupt’s property and examination 380 12.9.12 Duties of a bankrupt 383 12.9.13 Compositions and schemes by bankrupts 383 12.10 The end of bankruptcy 383 12.11 Key points 383 12.12 Discussion questions 384 12.13 Further reading 384

xiv Contents

PART 2 AUSTRALIAN CONSUMER LAW 385 The rationale for the ACL 386 The operation of the ACL 388 13 Unfair contract terms 391

13.0 Introduction 392 13.1 The Australian Consumer Law 392 13.2 The unfair contract terms scheme: Rationale and purpose 393 13.3 The operation of the unfair contract terms scheme 396 13.4 Consumer and small business contracts 396 13.5 A standard form contract 398 13.6 ‘Unfair’ terms 399 13.7 The ACL list of unfair terms 402 13.8 Remedies 403 13.9 Key points 404 13.10 Discussion questions 404 13.11 Further reading 404

14 Product liability 405

14.0 Introduction 406 14.1 ACL Chapter 3, Part 3-5 406 14.2 Defective goods action 407 14.3 Injury to persons caused by unsafe goods 408 14.4 Manufacturer 409 14.5 Unknown manufacturer 412 14.6 Supply ‘in trade or commerce’ 412 14.7 Safety defect: The consumer expectation test 413 14.8 Defective goods actions 416 14.9 Defences 416 14.9.1 Timing of defect development defence 416 14.9.2 The regulatory compliance defence (s 142(b)) 417 14.9.3 State of the art defence (s 142(c)) 418 14.9.4 Defect in a component of an assembled good defence (s 142(d)) 421 14.9.5 Contributory negligence defence 423 14.10 Exclusion clauses (s 150) 424 14.11 Limitations of actions (s 143) 424

Contents xv

14.12 Manufacturer’s indemniﬁcation of suppliers 425 14.13 Supplier’s claims against manufacturers 425 14.14 Role of the ACCC (s 149) 426 14.15 Key points 426 14.16 Discussion questions 427 14.17 Further reading 427

15 Consumer guarantees 428

15.0 Introduction 429 15.1 Consumer guarantees 429 15.1.1 Acquiring goods as a consumer 429 15.1.2 Prescribed amount 430 15.2 Ordinarily acquired for personal, domestic, or household use or consumption 431 15.3 The non-consumer exception 431 15.4 Consumer guarantees for goods 432 15.5 Guarantee as to title 433 15.6 Guarantee as to undisturbed possession 433 15.7 Guarantee as to undisclosed securities 434 15.8 Acceptable quality 435 15.9 Fitness for purpose 436 15.10 Correspondence with description 436 15.11 Supply of goods by sample 436 15.12 Guarantee as to repairs and spare parts 437 15.13 Guarantee as to express warranties 437 15.14 Guarantees as to due care and skill 438 15.15 Remedies for non-compliance with consumer guarantees 439 15.15.1 Actions against manufacturer 441 15.15.2 Manufacturer’s indemniﬁcation of supplier 442 15.16 Key points 442 15.17 Discussion questions 443 15.18 Further reading 443

16 Unconscionable conduct 444

16.0 Introduction 445 16.1 Unconscionable conduct 445 16.1.1 The elements of unconscionability 446

xvi Contents

16.1.2 Three-element test in Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio 449 16.2 Section 20 of the Australian Consumer Law 450 16.2.1 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v CG Berbatis (2003) 451 16.2.2 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Samton Holdings (2002) 451 16.2.3 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Zanok Technologies (2009) 452 16.3 Sections 21 and 22 of the Australian Consumer Law before 2019 453 16.4 The s 22 factors 458 16.5 Leading statutory unconscionability cases 460 16.5.1 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Lux Pty Ltd (2004) 460 16.5.2 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Keshow (2005) 461 16.5.3 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Simply No-Knead (2000) 461 16.5.4 Ipstar Australia Pty Ltd v APS Satellite Pty Ltd (2018) 462 16.6 Remedies for contravention 463 16.7 Recent developments 464 16.8 Key points 465 16.9 Discussion questions 466 16.10 Problem question 466 16.11 Further reading 467

17 Misleading or deceptive conduct 468

17.0 Introduction 469 17.1 The purpose of s 18 469 17.2 Conduct in trade or commerce 470 17.2.1 Jurisdictional requirement 470 17.2.2 Broad versus narrow views 471 17.2.3 Statements in public education campaigns without commercial purpose 474 17.2.4 Statements in public debate with commercial purpose 475 17.2.5 Public statements about a competitor 476 17.3 Intermediary liability 476 17.4 Methodology for establishing misleading or deceptive conduct 478

Contents xvii

17.4.1 Four-part methodology in Taco Bell 479 17.4.2 A framework for determining the relevant class of consumers 482 17.5 Examples of misleading or deceptive cases 483 17.5.1 Comparative advertising 483 17.5.2 Puffery: Statement of opinion versus statement of fact 486 17.5.3 Silence where disclosure is expected 486 17.5.4 Promises and statements of future actions 488 17.5.5 Character merchandising and passing off 490 17.5.6 Misleading or deceptive conduct on the internet: Online review cases 491 17.6 Recent developments 492 17.7 Key points 495 17.8 Discussion questions 495 17.9 Problem question 496 17.10 Further reading 496

PART 3 INTERNATIONAL COMMERCIAL LAW 497 18 International commercial law 499

18.0 Introduction 500 18.1 Relevance of private international law to commercial law 500 18.1.1 What is private international law? 500 18.2 Treaties on international trade 502 18.2.1 Multinationalism: World Trade Organization 502 18.2.2 Protectionism versus free trade 504 18.2.3 Trade agreements and cross-border trade disputes 508 18.3 Proper law of contract in commercial transactions 509 18.3.1 General principles 509 18.3.2 Apart from general principles 510 18.4 International sale of goods 516 18.4.1 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 516 18.4.2 Incoterms 527 18.5 Discussion questions 533 18.6 Problem question 533 18.7 Further reading 534

Index 535

xviii Contents

As a body of law, commercial law lacks the central deﬁning idea that other areas of law such as contracts and intellectual property enjoy. However, what binds the wide variety of topics that arise within commercial law is their application and value to commercial life. This textbook seeks to cover a number of the topics that are now germane to commercial activity in Australia. It covers the core commercial topics of agency law, personal property, bailment, the sale of goods and the transfer of property. However, it also takes into account areas of law that are presently quite pertinent to commercial practice. In this regard, the most crucial development in recent years has been the introduction of the Australian Consumer Law (ACL). The ACL has brought consumer law issues to the forefront in commercial law. In our view, it would be unthinkable to address commercial law as a subject within a modern law school without also addressing a number of key consumer law topics such as unconscionable conduct, unfair contract terms, and misleading or deceptive conduct. To omit such topics from a commercial law subject would be to offer only a partial and incomplete account of those matters that now are important within commercial law. From a pedagogic perspective, commercial law can be a challenging subject to teach. We hope that this text is readable enough to suit the challenges of a 12–14 week semester, but also thorough enough to provide a substantial grounding in the key concepts and principles of commercial law. We would like to thank Lucy Russell and Siobhan Privitera of Cambridge University Press for their editing and guidance during the writing of this text.

xix

A A Davidson Pty Ltd v Seabrook (1931) 37 ALR 156, 271 Abbott v New South Wales Mont de Piete Company (1904) 4 SR (NSW) 336, 61 ABN AMRO Bank NV v Bathurst Regional Council (2014) 309 ALR 445, 334 Aboody v Ryan (2012) 17 BPR 32,359, 446 Ackerman v Ehrensperger (1846) 16 M & W 99, 277 ACN 007 838 584 Pty Ltd v Zurich Australian Insurance Ltd (1997) 69 SASR 374, 321 Adams v Elphinstone (1993) 2 Tas R (NC) N14, 184 Adams v Lambert (2006) 228 CLR 409, 372 Adams v Lindsell (1818) 106 ER 250, 8 Addis v Gramophone Co Ltd [1909] AC 488, 19 Advance (NSW) Insurance Agencies Pty Ltd v Matthews (1987) 4 ANZ Ins Cas }60-813, 338 Advance (NSW) Insurance Agencies Pty Ltd v Matthews (1988) 12 NSWLR 250, 338 Advance (NSW) Insurance Agencies Pty Ltd v Matthews (1989) 166 CLR 606, 333, 337 AGC (Advances) Ltd v West (1984) 5 NSWLR 590, 270 Agripower v Blomﬁeld [2015] NSWCA 30, 63 Ahern v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation (1987) 76 ALR 137, 377 Akai Pty Ltd v The People’s Insurance Co Ltd (1996) 188 CLR 418, 510–11, 514 Aldridge v Johnson (1857) 7 El & Bl 885, 111, 136, 138 Alexander v Cambridge Credit Corporation Ltd (1987) 9 NSWLR 310, 19 Alexander v Railway Executive [1951] 2 All ER 442, 206 Alievski v Cross Country Realty Victoria Pty Ltd [2010] VSC 316, 450 All Covers & Accessories Pty Ltd v Sidawi (2012) 36 VR 113, 210–11 All Saints Estate Pty Ltd v Victorian Alps Wine Co Pty Ltd [2010] VSC 599, 81 All Saints Greek Orthodox Grammar School v Tahatos (2004) 186 FLR 152, 374 Allcard v Skinner (1887) 36 Ch D 145, 284 Allcott Hire Pty Ltd v Silk [2016] NSWSC 1135, 259 Allen v F O’Hearn & Co [1937] AC 213, 186 Alliance Acceptance Co Ltd v Hinton (1964) 1 DCR (NSW) 5, 281 Alliance Acceptance Co Ltd v Oakley (1987) 48 SASR 337, 180 Alliance & Leicester Building Society v Edgestop Ltd [1993] 1 WLR 1462, 169 Alliance Craton Explorer Pty Ltd v Quasar Resources Pty Ltd (2013) 296 ALR 465, 161 Allianz Australia Insurance Ltd v Vitale [2014] NSWSC 364, 454–5 Allied Distribution Finance Pty Ltd v Samwise Holdings Pty Ltd [2017] SASC 163, 250–1 Aluminium Indistrie Vaassen BV v Romalpa Aluminium Ltd [1976] 1 WLR 676, 125 Amalgamated Investment & Property Co Ltd (in liq) v Texas Commerce International Bank Ltd [1981] 2 WLR 554, 270 Amalgamated Investment & Property Co Ltd (in liq) v Texas Commerce International Bank Ltd [1982] QB 84, 269 American Express International Inc v Held (1999) 87 FCR 583, 374

AMP Society v Gregory (1908) 5 CLR 615, 53 Anaconda Nickel Ltd v Tarmoola Australia Pty Ltd (2000) 22 WAR 101, 12 Andar Transport Pty Ltd v Brambles Ltd (2004) 217 CLR 424, 264, 273–4 Anderson Group Pty Ltd v Tynan Motors Pty Ltd (2006) 65 NSWLR 400, 55 Andrews v Home Flats Ltd [1945] 2 All ER 698, 206 Anglo Overseas Transport Ltd v Titan Industrial Corporation (UK) Ltd [1959] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 152, 190 Ankar Pty Ltd v National Westminster Finance (Australia) Ltd (1987) 162 CLR 549, 263 273–4, 290, 292 Anthony v Commonwealth (1973) 29 Local Government Reports 61, 64 Apotex Pty Ltd v Les Laboratoires Servier [No 2] (2008) ATPR }42-235, 479 Aqua-Marine Marketing Pty Ltd v Paciﬁc Reef Fisheries (Australia) Pty Lts [No 5] [2012] FCA 908, 92–3 Arcos Ltd v E A Ronaasen & Sons [1933] AC 470, 142 Arctic Shipping Co Ltd v Mobilia AB (‘The Tatra’) [1990] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 51, 169, 181 Argy v Blunts & Lane Cove Real Estate Pty Ltd (1990) 26 FCR 112, 474 Armagas Ltd v Mundogas SA [1986] 1 AC 717, 169–71, 174–5, 179–80 Armory v Delamirie (1722) 93 ER 664, 65 Armour v Thyssen Edehlstahlwerke AG [1991] 2 AC 339, 127 Ashby v Tolhurst [1937] 2 KB 242, 200 Ashington Piggeries Ltd v Christopher Hill Ltd [1972] AC 441, 74, 85–6, 95–7 Askrigg Pty Ltd v Student Guild of the Curtin University of Technology (1989) 18 NSWLR 738, 207 Associated Alloys v ACN 001 452 106 Pty Ltd (in liq) (2000) 202 CLR 588, 126 Associated Alloys Pty Ltd v ACN 001 452 106 Pty Ltd (in liq) S65/1999 [1999] HCATrans 613 (7 December 1999), 129 Associated Alloys Pty Ltd v ACN 001 452 106 Pty Ltd (in liq) (2000) 202 CLR 588, 127–9 Associated Alloys Pty Ltd v Metropolitan Engineering & Fabrications Pty Ltd (1996) 20 ACSR, 128 Associated Alloys Pty Ltd v Metropolitan Engineering & Fabrications Pty Ltd (1998) 16 ACLC 1633, 128 Associated Midland Corporation v Sanderson Motors Pty Ltd [1983] 3 NSWLR 395, 113, 120 Associated Midland Corporation Ltd v Bank of New South Wales [1983] 1 NSWLR 533, 60 Attorney-General (Botswana) v Aussie Diamond Products Pty Ltd [No 3] [2010] WASC 141, 148 Attorney-General (Ceylon) v Silva [1953] AC 461, 169, 174 Attorney-General (Hong Kong) v Reid [1994] 1 AC 324, 190 Attorney-General (NSW) v World Best Holdings Ltd (2005) 63 NSWLR 557, 454 Austotel Pty Ltd v Franklins Selfserve Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 582, 134 Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Comer (1993) 5 BPR 11,748, 266 Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Comer (1993) 5 BPR 97,404, 266 Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Dzienciol [2001] WASC 305, 447 Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Elferkh (2000) 92 FCR 195, 375 Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Foyster [2000] FCA 400, 376 Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Frenmast Pty Ltd (2013) 282 FLR 351, 174 Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd v Frost Holdings Pty Ltd [1989] VR 695, 134 Australian Associated Motor Insurers Ltd v Ellis (1990) 54 SASR 61, 313, 318, 324 Australian Broadcasting Commission v Australasian Performing Right Association Ltd (1973) 129 CLR 99, 273

Table of cases xxi

Australian Casualty Co Ltd v Federico (1986) 160 CLR 513, 311 Australian Casualty of Life Ltd v Hall (1999) 151 FLR 360, 325 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v 4WD Systems Pty Ltd (2003) 200 ALR 491, 455 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v ACN 117 372 915 (in liq) (formerly Advanced Medical Institute Pty Ltd) [2015] FCA 368, 400–2 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Allphones Retail Pty Ltd [No 2] (2009) 253 ALR 324, 455 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Aveling Homes Pty Ltd [2017] FCA 1470, 491–2 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Breast Check Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 190, 479 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v CG Berbatis Holdings Pty Ltd (2003) 214 CLR 51, 450, 452, 458 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v CG Berbatis Holdings Pty Ltd [No 2] (2000) 169 ALR 324, 455 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Chrisco Hampers Australia Ltd (2015) 239 FCR 33, 395 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v CLA Trading Pty Ltd [2016] FCA 377, 395–6 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd (2014) 317 ALR 73, 480–1, 488 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Flight Centre Travel Group Ltd (2016) 261 CLR 203, 161 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Glendale Chemical Products Pty Ltd (1998) ATPR }41-632, 410, 415 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v JJ Richards & Sons Pty Ltd [2017] FCA 1224, 397, 403 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Keshow [2005] FCA 558, 394, 461 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v LG Electronics Australia Pty Ltd [2017] FCA 1047, 435 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v LG Electronics Australia Pty Ltd [2018] FCAFC 96, 435 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Lux Distributors Pty Ltd (2013) ATPR }42-429, 460 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Lux Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 926, 394, 454 460–1 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Meriton Property Services Pty Ltd (2017) 350 ALR 494, 491 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v MSY Technology Pty Ltd [2017] FCA 1251, 439 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Radio Rentals Ltd (2005) 146 FCR 292, 448, 450 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Samton Holdings Pty Ltd (2002) 117 FCR 301, 451–2 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Seal-a-Fridge Pty Ltd (2010) 268 ALR 321, 455

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Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Servcorp Ltd [2018] FCA 1044, 397, 399 403 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Simply No-Knead (Franchising) Pty Ltd (2000) 104 FCR 253, 455, 459, 461–2 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v TPG Internet Pty Ltd (2013) 250 CLR 640, 470, 479–81 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Turi Foods Pty Ltd [No 4] [2013] FCA 665, 480 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Valve Corporation [No 3] (2016) 337 ALR 647, 512–14 Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Zanok Technologies Pty Ltd [2009] FCA 1124, 451–3 Australian Joint Stock Bank v Bailey [1899] AC 396, 275 Australian Knitting Mills Ltd v Grant (1933) 50 CLR 387, 83 Australian Provincial Assurance Co Ltd v Coroneo (1938) 38 SR (NSW) 700, 63 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Forge (2003) 133 FCR 487, 375 Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Plymin (2003) 46 ACSR 126, 364 Australian Societies Group Financial Services v Bogan (1989) ASC }55-938, 295 Australian Workers’ Union v Bowen [No 1] (1946) 72 CLR 575, 359 Automasters Australia Pty Ltd v Bruness Pty Ltd [2002] WASC 286, 459 Autron Pty Ltd v Benk (2011) 195 FCR 404, 361, 369, 374 Aylesford v Morris (1873) 8 Ch App 484, 445 Ayoub v Lombard Insurance Co (Australia) Pty Ltd (1989) 5 ANZ Ins Cas }60-933, 339 B S Brown & Sons Ltd v Craiks [1970] 1 WLR 752, 97 Baccanello v ANZ Life Insurance (unreported, South Australian District Court, Lee J, 27 May 1992), 319 Baker v Monk (1986) 55 ER 430, 445–6 Baldry v Marshall [1925] 1 KB 260, 96 Balfour v Balfour [1919] 2 KB 571, 11 Balmain New Ferry Co Ltd v Robinson (1906) 4 CLR 379, 14 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1991) 22 NSWLR 1, 295 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344, 279 Bank of Adelaide v Lorden (1970) 127 CLR 185, 277, 281, 290 Bank of Credit & Commerce International SA v Aboody [1989] 2 WLR 759, 284–5 Bank of England v Vagliano Brothers [1891] AC 107, 73–4 Bank of India v Trans Continental Commodity Merchants Ltd & Patel [1982] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 506, 275–6 Bank of India v Trans Continental Commodity Merchants Ltd & Patel [1983] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 298, 266, 276 Bank of New Zealand v Fiberi Pty Ltd (1992) 8 ACSR 790, 166 Bank of Nova Scotia v Hellenic Mutual War Risks Association (Bermuda) Ltd (‘The Good Luck’) [1992] 1 AC 233, 343 Bank of Nova Scotia v Neil (1968) DLR (2d) 357, 289 Bank of Scotland v Wright [I991] BCLC 244, 265 Bank of South Australia v Benjamin (1892) 14 ALT 159, 292 Bankﬁeld Farm Ltd v Hart & MacFarlane as Trustees of the Harvest Trust [2009] NZCA 297, 174 Banks v NRMA Insurance Ltd (unreported, NSW Supreme Court, Brownie J, 1 September 1988), 319

Table of cases xxiii

Banque Financière de la Cité SA v Westgate Insurance Co Ltd [1989] 2 All ER 952, 315, 322 Banque Financière de la Cité SA v Westgate Insurance Co Ltd [1990] 2 All ER 947, 315 Banque Financière v Skandia (UK) Insurance Co Ltd [1990] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 377, 314 Barclay’s Bank Ltd v TOSG Trust Fund Ltd [1984] 1 All ER 628, 268 Barroora Pty Ltd v Provincial Insurance Ltd (1992) 26 NSWLR 170, 174, 334 Barto v GPR Management Services Pty Ltd (1992) ATPR }41-162, 471 Barton v Armstrong [1976] AC 104, 283 Barton v Australian Consolidated Press Ltd [1970] 3 NSWLR 141, 53 Basma v Weekes [1950] AC 441, 186 Bater v Kare [1964] SCR 206, 300 Battenberg v Restom [2007] FCAFC 195, 361 Baynes v Lloyd [1895] 2 QB 610, 434 Beagle Holdings Pty Ltd v Equus Financial Services Ltd [2000] WASC 27, 260 Beale v Taylor [1967] 1 WLR 1192, 82, 87 Beaton v McDivitt (1987) 13 NSWLR 162, 9 Beazely v Seed & Grain Sales Moree Pty Ltd (1988) 4 BPR 9,529, 162 Beckett & Co v Addyman (1882) 9 QBD 783, 280 Bellgrove v Eldridge (1954) 90 CLR 613, 141, 151 Bellinger v Autoland Pty Ltd [1962] VR 514, 59 Bence Graphics International Ltd v Fasson UK Ltd [1997] 1 All ER 979, 151 Bendigo & Adelaide Bank Ltd v Feldman [2013] FCCA 241, 375 Beneﬁcial Finance Corporation Ltd v Karavas (1991) 23 NSWLR 256, 285, 286 Bergman v CGU Insurance Ltd [2016] VSC 81, 339 Bester v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd [1970] 3 NSWR 30, 285 Bevanere Pty Ltd v Lubidinuse (1985) 7 FCR 325, 471 Big Top Hereford Pty Ltd v Thomas (2006) 12 BPR 23,843, 62, 197, 201–2 Biotechnology Australia Pty Ltd v Pace (1988) 15 NSWLR 130, 4 Bird v Brown (1850) 154 ER 1433, 184 Birtchnell v Equity Trustees Executors & Agency Co Ltd (1929) 42 CLR 384, 32 Biscayne Partners Pty Ltd v Valance Corporation Pty Ltd [2003] NSWSC 874, 262 Bishopsgate Motor Finance Corporation Ltd v Transport Brakes Ltd [1949] 1 KB 322, 112–13, 168 Black King Shipping Corporation & Wayang (Panama) SA v Massie (‘The Litsion Pride’) [1985] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 437, 313, 318 Blackshaw Services Pty Ltd v Cureton (2003) 1 ABC (NS) 453, 372 Blade v Higgs (1861) 142 ER 634, 61 Blashki v Utara (2003) Aust Contract R }90-159, 261 Blest v Brown (1862) 4 De G F & J 367, 271 Blomley v Ryan (1956) 99 CLR 362, 446 Bloomenthal v Ford [1897] AC 156, 179 Body Bronze International Pty Ltd v Fehcorp Pty Ltd (2011) 34 VR 536, 454–5, 460 Boekenstein v Tyndall Life Insurance Co Ltd [1997] NSWSC 38, 341 Bolton v Cooke (1825) 3 LJOS Ch 87, 297 Bolton v Salmon [1891] 2 Ch 48, 267 Bolton Partners v Lambert (1889) 41 Ch D 295, 184–5 Bond v Hong Kong Bank of Australia Ltd (1991) 25 NSWLR 286, 292 Bond v Tuohy (1995) 128 ALR 595, 381 Bonython v Commonwealth [1951] AC 201, 509

xxiv Table of cases

Boral Resources (Qld) Pty Ltd v Donelly [1988] 1 Qd 506, 271 Borg v Northern Rivers Finance Pty Ltd [2004] QSC 29, 182 Bowden v Lo (1998) NSW ConvR }55-868, 209 BP Reﬁnery (Westernport) Pty Ltd v Shire of Hastings (1977) 180 CLR 266, 15 Bradford v Gammon [1925] Ch 132, 298 Bradley Brothers v Scott [1923] NZLR 1050, 270 Bragg v Linden Research, 487 F Supp 2d 593 (2007), 69 Brambles Holdings Ltd v Bathurst City Council (2001) 53 NSWLR 153, 6 Brambles Security Services Ltd v Bi-Lo Pty Ltd (1992) Aust Torts Reports }81-161, 202, 214 Branwhite v Worcester Works Finance Ltd [1969] 1 AC 552, 162 Breen v Williams (1996) 186 CLR 71, 190 Bridgewater v Leahy (1998) 194 CLR 457, 446 Briggs v James Hardie & Co Pty Ltd (1989) 16 NSWLR 549, 46 Bright v Femcare Ltd (2000) 175 ALR 50, 408 Bright v Femcare Ltd [2000] FCA 1179, 414 Bristol & West Building Society v Matthew [1998] Ch 1, 315 British Bank of the Middle East v Sun Life Assurance of Canada (UK) Ltd [1983] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 9, 169–70, 172 Brittain v Lloyd (1845) 14 M & W 762, 297 Britton v Royal Insurance Co (1866) 4 F & F 905, 314 Brown v Jam Factory Pty Ltd (1981) 53 FLR 340, 469 Brown v Tavern Operator Pty Ltd (2018) 98 NSWLR 586, 170 Brownett v Newton (1941) 64 CLR 439, 192 Brusewitz v Brown [1923] NZLR 1106, 286 Bryce v Hornby (1938) 82 SJ 216 (KB), 206 Buere v Commonwealth Bank of Australia (2014) 283 FLR 414, 370 Bull v Parker (1842) 2 Dowling NS 345, 138 Bunnings Group Ltd v CHEP Australia Ltd (2011) 82 NSWLR 420, 58–60 Burke v State Bank of New South Wales (1994) 37 NSWLR 53, 266 Burns Philp & Co v Gillespie Brothers Pty Ltd (1947) 74 CLR 148, 188–9 Burrell v Connell (1998) 84 FCR 383, 375 Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty Pty Ltd (2002) 55 NSWLR 558, 469, 479 Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty Pty Ltd (2004) 218 CLR 592, 477 Butler v JSL Racing Pty Ltd [2014] VSC 509, 75 Butterworth v Kingsway Motors Ltd [1954] 1 WLR 1286, 101 Buttrose v The Senior’s Choice (Australia) Pty Ltd [2013] FCCA 2050, 490 Byers v Dorotea Pty Ltd (1986) 69 ALR 715, 486 Byrne v Australian Airlines Ltd (1995) 185 CLR 410, 16 Byrne & Co v Leon Van Tienhoven & Co (188) LR CPD 344, 7 C E Heath Casualty & General Insurance Ltd v Grey (1993) 32 NSWLR 25, 309, 334–5 C E Heath Underwriting & Insurance (Australia) Pty Ltd v Edwards Dunlop & Co Ltd (1993) 176 CLR 535, 308 C K Nominees v Ofﬁcial Receiver (WA) (2007) 16 FCR 524, 381 Cadbury Schweppes plc v Halifax Share Dealing Ltd [2006] EWHC 1184 (Ch), 117 Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd v Alderton (1964) 81 WN (Pt 1) NSW 297, 264 Cameron v Commercial Union General Insurance Co Ltd (1983) 2 ANZ Ins Cas }60-542, 311 Cameron & Co v Slutzkin Pty Ltd (1923) 32 CLR 81, 99 Cammell Laird & Co Ltd v Manganese Bronze & Brass Co Ltd [1934] AC 402, 88, 110

Table of cases xxv

Campbell v McIsaac (1873) 9 NSR 287, 260 Campomar Sociedad Limitada v Nike International Ltd (2000) 202 CLR 45, 414, 479, 482 Canberra Pools Pty Ltd v MMI General Insurance Ltd (2000) 98 FCR 296, 309 Canny Gabriel Castle Jackson Advertising Pty Ltd v Volume Sales (Finance) Pty Ltd (1974) 131 CLR 321, 35 Car & Universal Finance Co Ltd v Caldwell [1965] 1 QB 525, 122–3 Carberry v Gardiner (1936) 36 SR (NSW) 559, 188 Carey-Hazell v Getz Brothers & Co (Australia) Pty Ltd (2004) ATPR }42-014, 417 Carlos Federspiel & Co SA v Charles Twigg & Co Ltd [1957] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 240, 106, 111 Carlton Frieght Services plc v Crayford Freight Services Ltd (1998) 162 ALR 119, 199–200 Carter v Boehm (1766) 3 Burr 1905, 313, 328 Carter v White (1883) 25 Ch D 666, 269 Cassar v Pegoraro [2011] VCC 819, 81 Cassidy v Saatchi & Saatchi Australia Pty Ltd (2004) 134 FCR 585, 479 Castel Electronics Pty Ltd v Toshiba Singapore Pte Ltd [2010] FCA 1028, 80 Catley Farms Ltd v ANZ Banking Group (NZ) Ltd [I982] 1 NZLR 430, 265 Causer v Browne [1952] VLR 1, 14 Cavenagh Investment Pte Ltd v Kaushik Rajiv [2013] 2 SLR 543, 169, 180–1 Caxton Publishing Co Ltd v Sutherland Publishing Co [1939] AC 178, 208, 212 Celthene Pty Ltd v W K J Hauliers Pty Ltd [1981] 1 NSWLR 606, 183 Central Newbury Car Auctions Ltd v Unity Finance Ltd [1957] 1 QB 371, 113 CGU Insurance Ltd v AMP Financial Planning Pty Ltd (2007) 235 CLR 1, 315–16 CGU Insurance Ltd v Porthouse (2008) 235 CLR 103, 323, 326 Chadwick v Manning [1896] AC 231, 298 Challenge Charter Pty Ltd v Curtain Brothers (Qld) Pty Ltd [2004] VSC 1, 210–11 Chan v Cresdon Pty Ltd (1989) 168 CLR 242, 273–6 Chappell & Co Ltd v Nestlé Co Ltd [1960] AC 87, 9 Charter v Sullivan [1957] 2 QB 117, 152 Chatterton v Maclean [1951] 1 All ER 761, 292 Chaudhry v Prabhakar [1989] WLR 29, 190 Chilcott v Homesec Finance Express Pty Ltd [2011] FCA 729, 452 Chillingworth v Esche [1924] 1 Ch 97, 135 China-Paciﬁc SA v Food Corporation of India [1982] AC 939, 189, 204, 208–10 CI JI Family Pty Ltd v National Australian Nappies (NAN) Pty Ltd [2014] FCA 79, 470 CIC Insurance Ltd v Barwon Region Water Authority (1998) 147 FLR 353, 314 CIC Insurance Ltd v Midaz Pty Ltd (1998) 10 ANZ Ins Cas }61-394, 325, 339 Citicorp Australia Ltd v Hendry (1985) 4 NSWLR 1, 279, 281 City of Prince Albert v Underwood McLellan & Associates Ltd (1968) 3 DLR (3rd) 385, 300 Clayton v Le Roy [1911] 2 KB 1031, 59 Clough Mill Ltd v Martin [1985] 1 WLR 111, 127 Club Hotels Operations Pty Ltd v CHG Australia Pty Ltd [2005] NSWSC 998, 273 Clyne v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation (1984) 154 CLR 589, 377 Clyne v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation (1985) 5 FCR 1, 376 Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337, 17, 165, 270, 275 Coggs v Bernard (1703) 92 ER 107, 198, 203–4, 209 Coghlan v S H Lock (Australia) Ltd (1987) 8 NSWLR 88, 265, 272, 274 Cohen v Cohen (1929) 42 CLR 91, 11

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Coldman v Hill [1919] 1 KB 443, 206 Cole v Lynn [1942] 1 KB 142, 289 Coleman v Harvey [1989] 1 NZLR 723, 62 Coles v Pack (1869) LR 5 CP 65, 264 Collen v Wright (1857) 120 ER 241, 192 Collett v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2001] FCA 426, 376 Collier v Moreland Finance Corporation (Vic) Pty Ltd (1989) ASC }55-716, 285 Colonial Bank v Whinney (1886) 11 App Cas 426, 53 Combulk Pty Ltd v TNT Management Pty Ltd (1993) 113 ALR 214, 179 Comino v Manettas; Cooney v Manettas (unreported, NSW Court of Appeal, Mahoney, Sheller and Cripps JJA, 5 March 1993), 286 Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Amadio (1983) 151 CLR 447, 259, 283, 285, 446, 449–50 Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Carruthers [1964–65] NSWR 1197, 287 Commercial Bank of Australia Ltd v Cavanaugh (1980) 7 NTR 12, 279 Commercial Bank of Tasmania v Jones [1893] AC 313, 290 Commercial Banking Co of Sydney Ltd v Gaty [1978] 2 NSWLR 271, 263 Commercial Banking Co of Sydney Ltd v Mann (1960) 34 ALJR 293, 182 Commercial Banking Co of Sydney Ltd v Patrick Intermarine Acceptance Ltd (in liq) (1978) 52 ALJR 404, 263 Commercial Union Assurance Co of Australia Ltd v Beard (1999) 47 NSWLR 735, 325, 328 Commissioner of Main Roads v North Shore Gas Co Ltd (1967) 120 CLR 118, 64 Commonwealth v Western Australia (1999) 196 CLR 392, 52 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Baltica General Insurance Co Ltd (1992) 28 NSWLR 579, 334 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Barker (2014) 253 CLR 169, 16 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Carruthers [1964–65] NSWR 1197, 287 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Friedrich (1991) 5 ACSR 115, 190 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Horvath, McDonald J; Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Horvath, (Senior) McDonald J, Supreme Court of Victoria Practice Court 9168/1994, 54 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v McGlynn (unreported, NSW Supreme Court, Gile J, 15 November 1994), 285 Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Thompson [2013] NSWSC 149, 458 Compton v Ramsay Health Care Australia Pty Ltd (2016) 246 FCR 508, 377 Concrete Constructions (NSW) Pty Ltd v Nelson (1990) 169 CLR 594, 471–2 Conn v Hanks [2001] FMCA 62, 369 Con-Stan Industries of Australia Pty Ltd v Norwich Winterthur Insurance (Australia) Pty Ltd (1986) 160 CLR 226, 16 Construction Engineering (Australia) Pty Ltd v Hexyl Pty Ltd (1985) 155 CLR 541, 187 Cook v Pasminco Ltd (2000) 99 FCR 548, 413–15 Corney v Brien (1951) 84 CLR 343, 376–7 Cornfoot v Holdenson [1932] VLR 4, 300 Corporation of London v Appleyard [1963] 1 WLR 982, 65 Corporation of the City of Adelaide v Adelaide City Fines Pty Ltd (2009) 253 ALR 417, 394 Cottee v Franklins Self Service Pty Ltd [1997] 1 Qd R 469, 207 Couchman v Hill [1947] 1 All ER 103, 82 Coulthart v Clementson (1879) 5 QBD 42, 271, 279 Council for the City of Sydney v Obeid [2013] FCA 149, 371 Coward v Motor Insurers’ Bureau [1963] 1 QB 259, 11

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CPA Australia Ltd v Dunn (2007) 74 IPR 495, 480 Crabtree-Vickers Pty Ltd v Australian Direct Mail Advertising & Addressing Co Pty Ltd (1975) 133 CLR 72, 166, 168, 174, 183 Cragoe v Jones (1873) LR 8 Exch 81, 289 Crawford v Mayne Nickless Ltd (1992) ATPR (Digest) }46-091, 430 Credit Suisse AG, Sydney Branch v Springsure Property Holdings Pty Ltd (in liq) [2017] QSC 142, 273 Crema Pty Ltd v Land Mark Property Developments Pty Ltd (2006) ACSR 631, 364 Crescendo Management Pty Ltd v Westpac Banking Corporation (1988) 19 NSWLR 40, 283 Cressy v Johnson [No 3] [2009] VSC 52, 60 Criterion Properties plc v Stratford UK Properties LLC [2004] UKHL 28, 179 Cro Travel Pty Ltd v Australia Capital Financial Management Pty Ltd [2018] NSWCA 153, 192 Croker v Commissioner of Taxation (2005) 145 FCR 150, 372 Cross-Border Insolvency Act 2008, 352 Croton v The Queen (1967) 117 CLR 326, 54 Crouch v Adams [2006] NSWSC 1029, 111, 123 Crouch v Jeeves (1938) Pty Ltd (1946) 46 SR (NSW) 242, 207 Crump v Equine Nutrition Systems Pty Ltd [2006] NSWSC 512, 408, 426 Culleton v Balwyn Nominees Pty Ltd (2017) 343 ALR 632, 376 Currie v Misa (1875) LR 10 Ex 153, 9 Curtis v Chemical Cleaning & Dyeing Co [1951] 1 KB 805, 13 D J Hill & Co Pty Ltd v Walter H Wright Pty Ltd [1971] VR 749, 13 Dai v Telstra Corporation Ltd (2000) 171 ALR 348, 455 Dalgety Ltd v John H Hilton Pty Ltd [1981] 2 NSWLR 169, 275 Dane v Mortgage Insurance Corporation Ltd [1894] 1 QB 54, 270, 282 Daniels v Anderson (1995) 37 NSWLR 438, 190 D’Arcy v Burelli Investments Pty Ltd (1987) 8 NSWLR 317, 64 Darrell McGregor (Contractor) Ltd v Mountain Lake Holdings Ltd [2006] NZHC 591, 171 Davey v Paine Brothers (Motors) Ltd [1954] NZLR 1122, 137 David Securities Pty Ltd v Commonwealth Bank of Australia (1990) 23 FCR 1, 277 Davies v Humphreys [1840] 151 ER 361, 298, 301 Davis v Pearce Parking Station Pty Ltd (1954) 91 CLR 642, 206 Davison v Vickery’s Motors Ltd (in liq) (1925) 37 CLR 1, 185 Daw Banking Corporation v Mahnakh Spinning & Weaving Corporation & Bank Mellat [1983] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 561, 277 Dawes Underwriting Australia Pty Ltd v Roth [2009] NSWCA 152, 324, 338 Dawson v Raynes (1826) 2 Russ 466, 277 Dawsons Ltd v Bonnin [1922] 2 AC 413, 343 Deanplan Ltd v Mahmoud [1992] 3 All ER 945, 289 Deaves v CML Fire & General Insurance Co Ltd (1979) 143 CLR 24, 336 Degiorgio v Dunn [2004] NSWSC 767, 31 Delancey v Insurance Co, 52 NH 581 (1873), 311 Dell v Quilty [1924] NZLR 1270, 86 Delphin v Lumley General Insurance Ltd (1989) 6 SR (WA) 161, 326–7 Demagogue Pty Ltd v Ramensky (1992) 110 ALR 608, 487 Denis Geary Motors v Hunter Street Finance [1979] Qd R 207, 100 Dennehy v Reasonable Endeavours Pty Ltd (2003) 130 FCR 494, 369 Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Bayeh (1999) 100 FCR 144, 375

xxviii Table of cases

Derbyshire Building Co Pty Ltd v Becker (1962) 107 CLR 633, 207 Deta Nominees Pty Ltd v Viscount Fabrics Pty Ltd [1979] VR 167, 78, 80 Deutsche Bank AG v Ibrahim [1992] 1 Bank LR 267, 271 Devine v Sun Alliance Australia Ltd (unreported, NSW Supreme Court, Giles J, 18 June 1992), 329 Dew v Suncorp Life & Superannuation Ltd [2001] QSC 252, 326 Di Cioccio v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy [2015] FCAFC 30, 378 Dickinson v Dodds (1876) 2 Ch D 463, 7 Dimasi v Nangiloc Colignan Farms Pty Ltd (2007) 157 FCR 387, 372 Direct Acceptance Finance Ltd v Cumberland Furnishing Pty Ltd [1965] NSWR 1504, 259 263–4, 280 Director General of Fair Trading v First National Bank [2002 1 AC 481, 400 Director of Consumer Affairs Victoria v Craig Langley Pty Ltd & Matrix Pilates & Yoga Pty Ltd (Civil Claims) [2008] VCAT 1332, 395, 399 Director of Consumer Affairs Victoria v Scully [No 3] [2012] VSC 444, 454 Director of Consumer Affairs Victoria v The Good Guys Warehouses (Australia) Pty Ltd (2016) 245 FCR 529, 440 Director of Consumer Affairs Victoria v Trainstation Health Clubs Pty Ltd (Civil Claims) [2008] VCAT 2092, 395 Distillers Co Bio Chemicals (Australia) Pty Ltd v Ahax Insurance Co Ltd (1973) 130 CLR 1, 320 Dixon v Riquero [2004] FMCA 173, 378 Dixon v Stansfield (1850) 10 CB 398, 191 Dolphin v Harrison, San Miguel Pty Ltd (1911) 13 CLR 271, 190 Domain Names Australia Pty Ltd v .au Domain Administration Ltd (2004) 139 FCR 215, 479 481 Donellan v Watson (1990) 21 NSWLR 335, 190 Donelly v McIntyre [1999] FCA 450, 377 Dougan v Ley (1946) 71 CLR 142, 153 Dowdell v Knispel Fruit Juices Pty Ltd [2003] FCA 851, 94–5, 97–8 Downs Investments Pty Ltd v Perjawa Steel Sdn Bhd [2000] QSC 421, 521 Downs Investments Pty Ltd v Perjawa Steel Sdn Bhd [2002] 2 QD R 464, 525 Drager v Allison (1959) 19 DLR (2nd) 431, 297 Drake v Jones [2009] FMCA 298, 367 Drummond & Sons v E H Van Ingen (1887) 12 App Cas 284, 99 DTR Nominees Pty Ltd v Mona Homes Pty Ltd (1978) 138 CLR 423, 17 Dumitrov v S C Johnson & Son Superannuation Pty Ltd [2006] NSWSC 1372, 313 Duncan, Fox & Co v North & South Wales Bank (1880) 6 App Cas 1, 263, 270, 299 Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge & Co Ltd [1915] AC 847, 9 Dyster v Randall & Sons [1926] Ch 932, 188 E & S Ruben Ltd v Faire Brothers & Co Ltd [1949] 1 KB 254, 99, 145 E E McCurdy Ltd (in liq) v Postmaster-General [1959] NZLR 553, 59 E Hardy & Co (London) Ltd v Hillerns & Fowler [1923] 2 KB 490, 144–5 Eagle Star Trustee Ltd v Tai Ping Trading Co Pty Ltd (unreported, NSW Supreme Court, Powell J, 30 October 1990), 277 Earl of Chesterfield v Janssen (1751) 28 ER 32, 445 Earl of Potmore v Taylor (1831) 4 Sim 182, 445 Eastern Associated Coal Corporation v Aetna Casualty & Surety Co 632 F 2d 1068 (3rd Circ, 1980), 312

Table of cases xxix

Eastern Counties Building Society v Russell [1947] 1 All ER 500, 273–4 Eastern Distributors Ltd v Goldring [1957] 2 QB 600, 113–15 Eastern Pearl Corporation v Groundhog Sales & Rentals Pty Ltd [2012] FCA 406, 97 Eastern Well Service No 2 Pty Ltd v Campac (Australia) Pty Ltd [2010] QSC 350, 110 eBay International AG v Creative Festival Entertainment Pty Ltd (2006) 170 FCR 450, 15 Edgar v Hector [1912] SC 348, 86 Edge Technology v Wang [2000] FCA 1586, 368 Edlin v Williams [2000] ANZ ConvR 43, 272 Edwards v Lennon (1866) 6 SCR (NSW) Eq 18, 267 Edwards v Skywards [1964] 1 WLR 349, 11 Effem Foods Ltd v Nicholls (2000) ATPR }42-034, 417 Egyptian International Foreign Trade Co v Soplex Wholesale Supplies Ltd (‘The Raffaella’) [1985] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 36, 169–70, 173–5, 179 Ehrenfeld v Oriana Nominees Pty Ltd [1999] WASCA 222, 263 Elder Smith Goldsbrough Mort Ltd v McBride [1976] 2 NSWLR 631, 82, 186 Elders Lensworth Finance Ltd v Australian Central Paciﬁc Ltd [1986] 2 Qd R 364, 278 Elders Trustee & Executor Co Ltd v E G Reeves Pty Ltd (1987) 78 ALR 193, 49 Elders Trustee & Executor Co Ltd v Eagle Star Nominees Ltd (1986) 4 BPR 97,256, 266 Eldridge & Morris v Taylor [1931] 2 KB 416, 269 Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640, 273 Elitestone Ltd v Morris [1997] 1 WLR 687, 63–4 Ellesmere Brewery Co v Cooper [1896] 1 QB 75, 300–1 Elms v Ansell Ltd [2007] NSWSC 618, 426 Elyard Corporation Pty Ltd v DDB Needham Sydney Pty Ltd (1995) 61 FCR 385, 374 Emerson v Wreckair Pty Ltd (1992) 33 FCR 581, 361 Empirnall Holdings Pty Ltd v Machon Paull Partners Pty Ltd (1988) 14 NSWLR 523, 8 Entores v Miles Far Eastern Corporation [1955] QB 327, 9 Entwells Pty Ltd v National & General Insurance Co Ltd (1991) 6 ANZ Ins Cas }61-059, 345–6 Environmental Systems Pty Ltd v Peerless Holdings Pty Ltd [2008] 19 VR 358, 88–9 Equiticorp Finance Ltd (in liq) v Bank of New Zealand (1993) 32 NSWLR 50, 165–6 Equity Trustees Executors & Agency Co Ltd v New Zealand Loan & Mercantile Agency Co Ltd [1940] VLR 201, 299 Erwin v Iveco Trucks Australia Ltd (2010) 267 ALR 752, 417 Essington Investments Pty Ltd v Regency Property Pty Ltd [2004] NSWCA 375, 170 Estoril Investments Pty Ltd v Westpac Banking Corporation (1993) 6 BPR 13,146, 265–6 Euphoric Pty Ltd v Ryledar Pty Ltd [2006] NSWSC 2, 140–1 Evans v Sirius Insurance Co Ltd (1986) 4 ANZ Ins Cas }60-755, 328, 342 Eveready Australia Pty Ltd v Gillette Australia Pty Ltd [No 4] (2000) ATPR }41-751, 486 Ex parte Jacobs; Re Jacobs [1875] 10 Ch 211, 263 Excel Securities plc v Masood [2010] Lloyd’s Rep PN 165, 193 Experience Hendrix LLC v PPX Enterprises Inc [2003] EWCA Civ 323, 153 Expo International Pty Ltd v Chan [1979] 2 NSWLR 820, 362 F & G Sykes (Wessex) Ltd v Fine Fare Ltd [1967] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 53, 135 Fahey v MSD Spiers Pty Ltd [1975] 1 NZLR 240, 277 FAI General Insurance Co Ltd v Australian Hospital Care Pty Ltd (2001) 2041 CLR 641, 345 Farnham v Orrell (1989) NSW ConvR }55-443, 286 Fay v Miller, Wilkins & Co [1941] Ch 360, 174

xxx Table of cases

Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (1979) 143 CLR 499, 55 Federal Commissioner of Taxation v United Aircraft Corporation (1943) 68 CLR 525, 198–9 Felthouse v Bindley (1862) 11 CB (NS) 869, 8 Ferme v Kimberley Discovery Cruises Pty Ltd [2015] FCCA 2384, 400 Ferrcom Pty Ltd v Commercial Union Assurance Co of Australia Ltd (1993) 176 CLR 332, 344–5 Field v Sullivan [1923] VLR 70, 55 Finzel, Berry & Co v Eastcheap Dried Fruit Co [1962] 1 QB 370, 186 First Energy (UK) Ltd v Hungarian International Bank [1993] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 194, 170, 175–9 First Sport Ltd v Barclays Bank Plc [1993] 3 All ER 789, 192 Firth v Staines [1897] 2 QB 70, 181 Fitzwood Pty Ltd v Unique Goal Pty Ltd (in liq) [2001] FCA 1628, 273 Fletcher Organisation Pty Ltd v Crocus Investments Pty Ltd [1988] 2 Qd R 517, 281 Flint v Richard Busuttil & Co Pty Ltd (2013) FCR 375, 374 Flynn v Mackin & Mahon [1974] IR 101, 138 Foakes v Beer (1884) 9 App Cas 605, 10 Foley v Classique Coaches Ltd [1934] 2 KB 1, 134 Followmont Transport Pty Ltd v Premier Group Pty Ltd [1999] QCA 232, 208 Ford v London Chartered Bank of Australia (1879) 5 VLR 328, 300 Forge Group Power Pty Ltd (in liq) v General Electric International Inc (2016) 305 FLR 101, 222 Forsyth v Jervis (1816) 1 Stark 437, 137 Fouldes v Willoughby (1841) 151 ER 1153, 59 Fountain v Bank of America National Trust & Savings Association (1992) 5 BPR 11,817, 265 278 Four Point Garage Ltd v Carter [1985] 3 All ER 12, 146 Fowler v Lanning [1959] 1 QB 426, 58 Frank v Grosvenor Motor Auctions Pty Ltd [1960] VR 607, 97 Fraser v NRMA Holdings Ltd (1994) 52 FCR 1, 488 Freeman & Lockyer v Buckhurst Park Properties (Mangal) Ltd [1964] 2 QB 480, 166–70, 174 Frost v Aylesbury Dairy Co Ltd [1905] 1 KB 608, 88 Fry v Smellie [1912] 3 KB 282, 168 Fuller, in the matter of Alford v Alford (2017) 252 FCR 168, 372 G J Dawson (Clapham) Ltd v H & G Dutﬁeld [1936] 2 All ER 232, 137–8 Gallagher v Shilcock [1949] 2 KB 765, 159 Gamer’s Motor Centre (Newcastle) Pty Ltd v Natwest Wholesale Australia Pty Ltd (1987) 163 CLR 236, 57, 124–5 Gan v Sanders (1994) 15 ACSR 298, 263 Garcia v National Australia Bank Ltd (1998) 194 CLR 395, 446 Gardam v George Wills & Co Ltd (1988) 82 ALR 415, 477 Gardiner v Gardiner (1992) 39 FCR 259, 369 Garlic v W & H Rycroft Ltd [1982] CAT 277 (CA), 209 Garnac Grain Co Ltd v H M F Faure & Fairclough Ltd [1968] AC 1130, 161–2 Gedye v Matson (1858) 25 Beav 310, 268, 299 Geeveekay Pty Ltd v Director of Consumer Affairs Victoria (2008) 19 VR 512, 262 Gel Custodians Pty Ltd v Dyer [2014] WASC 177, 446 Gemmell Power Farming Co Ltd v Nies (1935) 35 SR (NSW) 469, 207 General Accident Insurance Asia Ltd v Saker [2001] NSWCA 402, 330 General Motors Acceptance Corporation Australia v RACQ Insurance Ltd [2003] QSC 80, 334

Table of cases xxxi

General Motors Acceptance Corporation Australia v Southbank Traders Pty Ltd (2007) 227 CLR 305, 127 General Surety & Guarantee Co Ltd v Francis Parker Ltd (1977) 6 Build LR 18, 281 German v Norton (1887) 8 LR (NSW) 479, 270 Ghirardi v Allregal Corporation Pty Ltd [2001] WASCA 366, 112 Gilbert J McCaul (Australia) Pty Ltd v Pitt Club Ltd (1954) 76 WN (NSW) 72, 8 Gilchrist Watt & Sanderson Pty Ltd v York Products Pty Ltd [1970] 1 WLR 1262, 202 Gilchrist Watt & Sanderson Pty Ltd v York Products Pty Ltd [1970] 3 All ER 825, 199 Gilford Motor Co Ltd v Horne [1933] Ch 935, 46 Gillette Australia Pty Ltd v Energizer Australia Pty Ltd (2002) 193 ALR 629, 484 Ginnane v Diners Club Ltd (1993) 42 FCR 90, 370 GIO Australia Ltd v P Ward Civil Engineering Pty Ltd [2000] NSWSC 371, 309, 334 GIO General Ltd v Wallace [2001] NSWCA 299, 324, 326 GIO Insurance Ltd v Nader (unreported, Victorian Supreme Court, Nathan J, 7 April 1994), 325 Giorgi v European Asian Bank AG (unreported, NSW Supreme Court, Young J, 21 February 1989), 286 Glebe Island Terminals v Continental Seagram (1993) 40 NSWLR 206, 209 Gliderol International Pty Ltd v Skerbic & McCormack & Sheridan (2009) 170 ACTR 1, 422 Global Sportsman Pty Ltd v Mirror Newspapers Ltd (1984) 2 FCR 82, 484 Godley v Perry [1960] 1 WLR 9, 99 Golden Acres Ltd v Queensland Estates Pty Ltd [1969] Qd R 378, 514–15 Goldsborough v Ford Credit Australia Ltd (1989) ASC }55-946, 284 Gollan v Nugent (1988) 166 CLR 18, 57 Goodwin v National Bank of Australasia Ltd (1968) 117 CLR 173, 289 Goodwin v State Government Insurance Office (Qld) [1994] 2 Qd R 15, 308 Google Inc v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (2013) 249 CLR 435, 470 477–8, 481 Goss v Nugent (1833) 110 ER 713, 270 Goudberg v Herniman Associates Pty Ltd [2007] VSCA 12, 31 Goulston Discount Ltd v Clark [1967] 2 QB 493, 280 GPG (Australia Trading) Pty Ltd v GIO Australia Holdings Ltd (2001) 117 FCR 23, 493 Graanhandel T Vink BV v European Grain & Shipping Ltd [1989] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 531, 147, 189 Graham v Portacom New Zealand Ltd [2004] 2 NZLR 528, 229 Graham v Voight (1989) 95 FLR 146, 209 Graham Barclay Oysters Pty Ltd v Ryan (2002) 211 CLR 540, 426 Grant v Australian Knitting Mills Ltd [1936] AC 85, 83, 93 Grant v YYH Holdings Pty Ltd [2012] NSWCA 360, 59, 63 Green v CGU Insurance Ltd (2008) 67 ACSR 398, 339 Greentree v FAI General Insurance Co Ltd (1998) 44 NSWLR 706, 344 Greer v Downs Supply Co [1927] 2 KB 28, 187 Griffin v Pantzer (2004) 137 FCR 209, 380 Griffiths v Peter Conway Ltd [1939] 1 All ER 685, 90–1 Groundhog Sales & Rentals Pty Ltd v Eastern Pearl Corporation [2012] FCAFC 113, 87, 95 Guardian Assurance Co Ltd v Underwood Constructions Pty Ltd (1974) 48 ALJR 307, 311 Guenard v Coe (1914) 17 DLR 47, 278 Gugliotti v Commercial Union Assurance Co of Australia (1992) 15 MVR 463, 316, 347 Guthrie v ANZ Banking Group Ltd (1989) ANZ ConvR }221, 286 Gwinnett v Day [2012] SASC 43, 59

xxxii Table of cases

Hadley v Baxendale (1854) 9 Exch 341, 19, 150–1 Haghis Persian Carpet Trading Co v General Accident Insurance Co New Zealand Ltd (1990) 6 ANZ Ins Cas }61-003, 322 Hajjar v NRMA Insurance Ltd (1985) 3 ANZ Ins Cas }60-647, 311 Hall v Busst (1960) 104 CLR 206, 12, 134–5 Hall v Westpac Banking Corporation (1987) 4 BPR 97,303, 265 Hamilton v Oades (1989) 166 CLR 483, 382 Hammer & Barrow v Coca-Cola [1962] NZLR 723, 146–7 Hammer Waste Pty Ltd v QBE Mercantile Mutual Ltd [2002] NSWSC 1006, 311–12 Hams v CGU Insurance Ltd (2002) 12 ANZ Ins Cas }61-525, 312 Hancock v Williams (1942) 42 SR (NSW) 252, 289, 291 Hands v Burton (1808) 9 East 349, 137–8 Hanna v Raoul [2018] NSWCA 201, 259 Harlingdon & Leinster Enterprises Ltd v Christopher Hull Fine Art Ltd [1990] 3 WLR 13, 82–4 Harnett v Yeilding (1805) 2 Sch & Lef 549, 154 Harnor v Graves (1855) 15 CB 667, 147 Harrison v Nettleship (1833) 2 My & K 423, 287 Harrison’s & Crossfield Ltd v London & North Western Railway Co [1917] 2 KB 755, 184 Harvey v Facey [1893] AC 552, 6 Harvey v Pratt [1965] 1 WLR 1025, 12 Hatch, Mansfield & Co Ltd v Weingott (1906) 22 TLR 366, 278 Hawker Pacific Pty Ltd v Helicopter Charter Pty Ltd (1991) 22 NSWLR 298, 283 Hawkins v Bank of China (1992) 26 NSWLR 562, 364 Hawkins v Clayton (1988) 164 CLR 539, 16 Heald v O’Connor [1971] 1 WLR 497, 279–80 Healing (Sales) Pty Ltd v Inglis Electrix Pty Ltd (1968) 121 CLR 584, 60, 101 Heap v Motorists’ Advisory Agency Ltd [1923] 1 KB 577, 119 Heffield v Meadows (1869) LR 4 CP 595, 264 Heil v Hedges [1951] 1 TLR 512, 89 Helmos Enterprises Pty Ltd v Jaylor Pty Ltd [2005] NSWCA 235, 11 Helou v Mulligan Pty Ltd (2003) 57 NSWLR 74, 263, 292 Hely-Hutchinson v Brayhead Ltd [1968] 1 QB 549, 166–8 Hempel v Robinson [1924] SASR 288, 135 Henderson v Queensland [2013] 1 Qd R 1, 54 Hendy Lennox (Industrial Engines) Ltd v Grahame Puttick Ltd [1984] 1 WLR 485, 63 Henjo Investments Pty Ltd v Collins Marrickville Pty Ltd (1988) 39 FCR 546, 469, 487 Henry Kendall & Sons v William Lillico & Sons Ltd [1969] 2 AC 31, 87, 90, 97 Highmist Pty Ltd v Tricare Ltd [2005] QCA 357, 141 HIH Casualty & General Insurance Australia Ltd v Dellavedova (1999) 10 ANZ Ins Cas }61-431, 326 HIH Casualty & General Insurance Ltd v New Hampshire Insurance Co [2001] EWCA Civ 735, 343 Hill v Anderson Meat Industries Ltd [1971] 1 NSWLR 868, 263 Hill v Anderson Meat Industries Ltd [1972] 2 NSWLR 704, 263 Hill v Reglon Pty Ltd [2007] NSWCA 295, 61, 215 Hillas & Co Ltd v Arcos Ltd (1932) 147 LT 503, 135 Hirachand Punamchand v Temple [1911] 2 KB 330, 10 Hoare v McCarthy (1916) 22 CLR 296, 181

Table of cases xxxiii

Hobbs v Petersham Transport Co Pty Ltd (1971) 124 CLR 220, 197, 199, 204 Hobertville Stud Pty Ltd v Union Insurance Co Ltd (1991) 25 NSWLR 358, 321 Hogan v BPW Transpec Pty Ltd [2013] VSC 249, 81 Hoge Raad der Nederlanden, LJN BQ9251, Supreme, J. 10/00101, 31 January 2012, 68 Holland v Hodgson (1872) LR 7 CP 328, 53, 63 Hollins v Fowler (1875) LR 7 HL 757, 112 Holme v Brunskill (1878) 3 QBD 495, 292 Hong Kong Bank of Australia Ltd v Larobi Pty Ltd (1991) 23 NSWLR 593, 277 Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co Ltd v Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha Ltd [1962] 2 QB 26, 18 Hoole Urban District Council v Fidelity & Deposit Co of Maryland [1916] 1 KB 25, 278 Horry v Tate & Lyle Refineries Ltd [1982] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 416, 320 Hospital Products Ltd v United States Surgical Corporation (1984) 156 CLR 41, 32, 161 Howell v Richards (1809) 11 East 633, 102 Hoy Mobile Pty Ltd v Allphones Retail Pty Ltd [No 2] (2008) ATPR }42-240, 458 Hudson v Sigalla (2015) 235 FCR 122, 378 Hughes v Australian Competition and Consumer Comission (2004) 247 FCR 277, 106 Hughes v Rooke [1954] St R Qd 45, 207 Humble v Hunter (1848) 12 QB 310, 187 Hungerford v Hungerford (1708) Gilb Eq Rep 67, 298 Hunter Wholesale Confectioners Pty Ltd (in liq) v Sweeties Confectionery Pty Ltd [2010] NSWSC 1257, 62 Hurley v McDonald’s Australia Ltd (2000) ATPR }41-741, 454 Hussein v CSR Building Products Ltd (2016) 246 FCR 62, 364 Hutton v Warren (1836) 1 M & W 466, 16 Hyde v Wrench (1840) 3 Beav 334, 7 Hyder Consulting (Australia) Pty Ltd v Wilh Wilhelmsen Agency Pty Ltd (2002) 18 BCL 122, 151 Hyundai Heavy Industries Co Ltd v Papadopoulos [1980] 1 WLR 1129, 77, 291 Ibrahim v Greater Pacific Life Insurance Co Ltd (1996) 9 ANZ Ins Cas }61-330, 319 Indian Oil Corporation Ltd v Greenstone Shipping [1988] QB 345, 61 Insurance Manufacturers of Australia Pty Ltd v Heron [2005] VSC 482, 318 Insurance Office of Australia Ltd v Burke Pty Ltd (1935) 35 SR (NSW) 438, 290 Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd [1989] QB 433, 14, 394 International Harvester Co of Australia Pty Ltd v Carrigan’s Hazeldene Pastoral Co (1958) 100 CLR 644, 161–3 International Paper Co v Spicer (1906) 4 CLR 739, 170 Ipex Software Services Pty Ltd v Hosking [2000] VSCA 239, 10 Ipstar Australia Pty Ltd v APS Satellite Pty Ltd (2018) 356 ALR 440, 462–3 Isaac v Clark (1615) 80 ER 1143, 205 Israel v Foreshore Properties Pty Ltd (in liq) (1980) 30 ALR 631, 297 Itaoui v Yamaha Motor Finance Australia Pty Ltd [2009] NSWSC 1363, 120 J & E Hall Ltd v Barclay [1973] 3 All ER 620, 60 J S Robertson (Australia) Pty Ltd v Martin (1956) 94 CLR 30, 99, 144 Jackson v Cochrane [1989] 2 Qd R 23, 211–12 JAD International Pty Ltd v International Trucks Australia Ltd (1994) 50 FCR 378, 148–9 Jageev Pty Ltd v State Bank of New South Wales (1996) 2 ACCR 396, 266 James v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (1986) 64 ALR 347, 489 James Phelps & Co v Hill [1891] 1 QB 605, 190 James Spittles v Michael’s Appliance Services Pty Ltd (2008) 71 NSWLR 115, 207

xxxiv Table of cases

Jansz v GMB Imports Pty Ltd [1979] VR 581, 75, 106 Joan Freedom Rogers Pty Ltd v Prasad [2000] FCA 1049, 375 Joel v Law Union & Crown Insurance Co [1908] 2 KB 863, 324 John D Hope & Co v Glendinning [1911] AC 419, 191 John F Goulding Pty Ltd v Victorian Railway Commissioners (1932) 48 CLR 157, 208, 211–12 John Koch Ltd v C & H Products Ltd [1956] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 59, 189 Johnson v American Home Assurance Co (1998) 192 CLR 266, 311–12 Johnson v Royal Mail Steam Packet Co (1867) LR 3 CP 38, 297 Johnson v Smith [2010] NSWCA 306, 447 Johnson Matthey (Australia) Ltd v Dascorp Pty Ltd (2003) 9 VR 171, 116–17 Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia (2001) ATPR }41-794, 487 Jones v Canavan [1972] 2 NSWLR 236, 190 Jones v Consolidated Anthracite Collieries [1916] 1 KB 123, 434 Jones v De Marchant (1916) 28 DLR 561, 63 Jones v Hill (1893) 14 LR (NSW) Eq 303, 299 Jones v Padavatton [1969] 1 WLR 328, 11 Jowitt v Callaghan (1938) 38 SR (NSW) 512, 260, 263, 267, 289, 292 K H Enterprise (Cargo Owners) v Pioneer Containers (Owners) (‘The Pioneer Container’) [1994] 2 AC 324, 198 Kakavas v Crown Melbourne Ltd (2013) 250 CLR 392, 447–8 Karlshamms Oljefabriker v Eastport Navigation Corporation (‘The Elaﬁ’) [1982] 1 All ER 208, 100, 106 Keene v Devine [1986] WAR 217, 291 Keetley v Quinton Pty Ltd (1991) 4 WAR 133, 101 Kehoe v Williams [2006] NSWSC 326, 209 Keighley, Maxsted & Co v Durant [1901] AC 240, 182–3, 186–7 Kelly v Fraser [2012] 3 WLR 1008, 176 Khoury v Government Insurance Ofﬁce of New South Wales (1984) 165 CLR 622, 314–15 Kidderminster Corporation v Hardwick (1873) LR 9 Ex 13, 184–5 Kilcran, Re Allco Finance Group Ltd (recs and mgrs apptd) (in liq) v Gothard [2014] FCAFC 6, 176 Kimber v The Owners Strata Plan No 48216 [2017] FCAFC 226, 360 Kirkham v Attenborough [1897] 1 QB 201, 110 Kleinwort Benson v Crowl (1988) 165 CLR 71, 372 Klement v Pencoal Ltd [2000] QCA 152, 194 Koompahtoo Local Aboriginal Land Council v Sanpine Pty Ltd (2007) 241 ALR 88, 18 Kotku Bread Pty Ltd v Vero Insurance Ltd [2012] QSC 109, 329 Koufos v C Czarnikow Ltd (‘The Heron II’) [1967] 3 All ER 686, 151 Krieger v Bell [1943] SASR 153, 207 Kulkarni v Manor Credit (Davenham) Ltd [2010] All ER (D) 120, 114 Kuwait Airways Corporation v Iraqi Airways Co [Nos 4 & 5] [2002] 2 AC 883, 58 Kwei Tek Chao v British Traders & Shippers Ltd [1954] 2 QB 459, 143–4, 147 Kyriackou v Shield Mercantile Pty Ltd (2004) 138 FCR 324, 371–2 L G Thorne Ltd v Thomas Borthwick & Sons (Australasia) Ltd (1956) 56 SR (NSW) 81, 99–100 Lakeman v Mountstephen (1874) LR 7 HL 17, 279 Lampleigh v Brathwait (1615) Hob 105, 10 Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway Co, London & North Western Railway Co & Graeser Ltd v MacNicoll (1918) 88 LJKB 601, 212

Table of cases xxxv

Land & Homes (WA) v Roe (1936) 39 WALR 27, 279 Lang v Le Boursicot [1993] 5 BPR 97,406, 302 Larmer v Power Machinery Pty Ltd (1977) 14 ALR 243, 471 Lawry v Mitrou [2009] FMCA 258, 369 Laws v GWS Machinery Pty Ltd (2007) 209 FLR 53, 415, 426, 431–2 Lee v Ah Gee [1920] VLR 278, 448 Lee v Griffin (1861) 1 B&S 272, 78 Lee v Taylor [1902] AC 157, 63 Leeks v FXC Corporation (2000) 189 ALR 288, 411–12 Leggo v Brown & Dureau Ltd (1923) 32 CLR 95, 192 Lego Australia Pty Ltd v Paul’s (Merchants) Pty Ltd (1982) 42 ALR 344, 483 L’Estrange v Graucob [1934] 2 KB 394, 13 Levene v Inland Revenue Commissioners [1928] AC 217, 361 Lewis v Andrews & Rowley Pty Ltd (1956) 73 WN (NSW) 670, 62 Lewis v Doran (2004) 50 ACSR 175, 364 Lewis v Jones (1825) 4 B & C 506, 289 Lewis v Lamb [2012] FMCA 392, 368 Lewis v Nortex Pty Ltd (in liq) (2013) 211 FCR 483, 369 Lewis Construction Co Pty Ltd v M Tichauer Société Anonyme [1966] VR 341, 516 Lickbarrow v Mason (1787) 2 Term Rep 63, 114 Life Savers (Australasia) Ltd v Frigmobile Pty Ltd [1983] 1 NSWLR 431, 181, 184 Lindsay v CIC Insurance (1989) 16 NSWLR 673, 325, 339 Ling v Enrobook Pty Ltd (1997) 74 FCR 19, 375–6 Lloyd’s v Harper (1880) 16 Ch D 290, 279 Lloyds & Scottish Finance Ltd v Williamson [1965] 1 WLR 404, 115 Lloyds Bank Ltd v Bank of America National Trust & Savings Association [1938] 2 All ER 63, 119 Lloyds Bank Ltd v Bundy [1975] QB 326, 284 Lloyds Bank Ltd v Chartered Bank of India, Australia & China [1929] 1 KB 40, 179 LNOC Ltd v Watford Association Football Club Ltd [2013] EWHC 3615 (Comm), 168 Lockett v A & M Charles Ltd [1938] 4 All ER 170, 79 London Jewellers Ltd v Attenborough [1934] 2 KB 206, 110 Long v Lloyd [1958] 1 WLR 753, 149 Lopwell Pty Ltd v Clarke [2009] NSWCA 165, 448 Lott v Collins (1869) 8 SCR (NSW) 104, 272 Louth v Diprose (1992) 175 CLR 621, 446–7 Lowther v Harris [1927] 1 KB 393, 118, 120–1 Loxton v Moir (1914) 18 CLR 360, 53–4 Lucena v Craufurd (1806) 2 Bos & PNR 269, 310 Luck v Ilsa [1951] QSR 281, 271 Lumley General Insurance Ltd v Delphin (1990) 6 ANZ Ins Cas }60-986, 324 Luong v Du [2013] VSC 723, 447 Lysaght Brothers & Co Ltd v Falk (1905) 2 CLR 421, 169, 179 M S Fashions Ltd v Bank of Credit & Commerce International SA (in liq) [No 2] [1993] Ch 425, 261 Macaura v Northern Assurance Co Ltd [1925] AC 619, 310 MacDonald v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy (2000) 107 FCR 72, 375 Macfie v SGIO (Qld) (1985) 3 ANZ Ins Cas }60-606, 328

xxxvi Table of cases

Maclean v Discount & Finance Co Ltd (1939) 64 CLR 312, 302 Macquarie Bank Ltd v National Mutual Life Association of Australasia Ltd (1996) 40 NSWLR 543, 325 Macquarie Bank Ltd v Seagle (2008) 79 IPR 72, 470 Macquarie Underwriting Pty Ltd v Permanent Custodians Ltd (2007) 240 ALR 519, 337 Madden v Seafolly Pty Ltd (2014) 313 ALR 1, 476 Maddestra v Penfold Wines Pty Ltd (1993) 44 FCR 303, 376 Maggbury Pty Ltd v Hafele Australia Pty Ltd (2001) 210 CLR 181, 273 Magnussen v Flanagan [1981] 2 NSWLR 926, 119 Mahinder Singh v Acme Sawmills Ltd (1958) 14 DLR (2d) 361, 153 Mahoney v McManus (1981) 180 CLR 370, 287, 300–1 Mahumarakalage Edward Andrew Cooray v The Queen [1953] AC 407, 119 Maksimovic v Royal & Sun Alliance Life Assurance Australia Ltd [2003] WASC 46, 315 Mallett v Thompson (1804) 5 Esp 178, 289 Manchester Unity Total Care Building Society v MGICA Ltd (1991) 6 ANZ Ins Cases }61–062, 339 Manifest Shipping Co Ltd v Uni-Polaris Shipping Co Ltd (‘The Star Sea’) [2003] 1 AC 469, 314 Manufacturers’ Mutual Insurance Ltd v Stargift Ltd (1985) 3 ANZ Ins Cas }60-615, 311 Maple Flock Co Ltd v Universal Furniture Products (Wembley) Ltd [1934] 1 KB 148, 152 Marcq v Christie Manson & Woods Ltd [2004] QB 296, 200 Marshall v Fleming [2017] NSWSC 1107, 510 Martin v Town ‘N’ Country Delicatessen Ltd (1963) 42 DLR (2d) 449, 206 Mason v Pritchard (1810) 12 East 227, 273–4 Mason v Pritchard (1812) 170 ER 1210, 265 Mathai v Kwee [2005] FCA 932, 361 Matrix Europe Ltd v Uniserve Holdings Ltd [2009] All ER (D) 126, 208 Matter of Protest of Strayer, 239 Kan 136 (1986), 67 Matthew Short & Associates Pty Ltd v Riviera Marine (International) Pty Ltd [2001] NSWCA 281, 111, 200, 202 Matthews v Australian Securities and Investments Commission [2009] NSWCA 155, 31 Matthews v Geraghty (1986) 43 SASR 576, 288 Maunsell v Egan (1846) 9 Ir Eq R 283, 278 Maxwell v Highway Hauliers Pty Ltd (2014) 252 CLR 590, 343–4 May & Butcher Ltd v The King [1934] 2 KB 17, 133–4 Mayne Nickless v Pegler [1974] 1 NSWLR 228, 322 Maynegrain Pty Ltd v Compaﬁna Bank [1982] 2 NSWLR 141, 185–7 MCA International BV v Northern Star Holdings Ltd (1991) 4 ACSR 719, 275 McCabe v Royal & Sun Alliance Life Assurance Australia Ltd (2003) 12 ANZ Ins Cas }90-119, 326 McCann v Switzerland Insurance Australia Ltd (2000) 203 CLR 579, 310–11 McCracken v Phoenix Constructions (Queensland) Pty Ltd (2013) 210 FCR 149, 361, 374 McDonald v Dennys Lascelles Ltd (1933) 48 CLR 457, 261–3, 291 McDonald v Lane (1882) 7 SCR 462, 62 McDonald v Scobie [1980] Qd R 477, 277 McFarlane v Calhoun (1879) 2 PEIR 283, 302 McKeown v Cavalier Yachts Pty Ltd (1988) 13 NSWLR 303, 62 McLean v Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (1993) 42 FCR 300, 371 McLean v Biztole Corporation [1996] FCA 773, 376

Table of cases xxxvii

McNally v Jackson (1938) 42 WALR 27, 191 McNamara v Commonwealth Trading Bank of Australia (1984) 37 SASR 232, 285 McNamara v Langford (1931) 45 CLR 267, 374 McNeill v O’Kane [2002] QSC 144, 339 McPherson, Thom, Kettle & Co v Dench Brothers [1921] VLR 437, 105, 108 McVeigh v National Australia Bank Ltd (2000) 278 ALR 429, 265–6 MDI International Pty Ltd v Trio Brothers [2010] FCA 486, 490 Medical Defence Union Ltd v Department of Trade [1979] 2 WLR 686, 306 Medtel Pty Ltd v Courtney (2003) FCR 182, 97 Meek v Wallis (1872) 27 LT 650, 277 Meldov Pty Ltd v Bank of Queensland (2015) 18 BPR 35,313, 266 Mendelssohn v Normand Ltd [1970] 1 QB 177, 14 Mercantile Bank of India Ltd v Central Bank of India Ltd [1938] AC 287, 114 Mercantile Bank of Sydney v Taylor (1891) 12 LR (NSW) 252, 289 Mercantile Bank of Sydney v Taylor [1893] AC 317, 289 Mercedes-Benz Financial Services Australia Pty Ltd v New South Wales [2011] NSWSC 1458, 119–20 Merck Sharpe & Dohme (Australia) Pty Ltd v Peterson (2011) 196 FCR 145, 420 Merritt v Merritt [1970] 1 WLR 1211, 11 Merwin Pastoral Co Pty Ltd v Moolpa Pastoral Co Pty Ltd (1933) 48 CLR 565, 510 Messagemate Australia Pty Ltd v National Credit Insurance (Brokers) Pty Ltd (2003) 85 SASR 303, 310–11 Messenger v Greene [1937] 2 DLR 26 (NSCA), 137 Michael Gerson (Leasing) Ltd v Wilkinson [2001] 1 All ER 148, 123 Michail v Australian Alliance Insurance Co Ltd (2014) 67 MVR 21, 339–40 Microbeads AG v Vinhurst Road Markings Ltd [1975] 1 All ER 529, 101–2 Midlands Silicones Ltd v Scruttons Ltd [1959] 2 QB 171, 199 Miller & Associates Insurance Broking Pty Ltd v BMW Australia Finance Ltd (2010) 241 CLR 357, 486–8 Mineralogy Pty Ltd v BGP Geoexplorer Pte Ltd [2017] QSC 219, 273 Minister for Health v Brambles Australia Ltd [2009] WADC 111, 54 Mitchell v Ealing London Borough Council [1979] QB 1, 208–9 M’Iver v Richardson (1813) 1 M & S 557, 270 Mobil Oil Australia v Wellcome International (1998) 81 FCR 475, 7 Molson’s Bank v Kovinsky [1924] 4 DLR 330, 301 Moltoni Corporation Pty Ltd v QBE Insurance Ltd (2001) 185 ALR 213, 345 Money v Westpac Banking Corporation (1988) ATPR (Digest) }46-034, 293 Montclare v Metlife Insurance Ltd [2015] VSC 306, 308 Moonlighting International Pty Ltd v International Lighting Pty Ltd [2000] FCA 41, 134 Moore v Regents of the University of California, 51 Ca 3d 120 (1990), 52, 69–70 Moorgate Mercantile Co Ltd v Twitchings [1977] AC 890, 113, 116–17 Moors v Burke (1919) 26 CLR 256, 56 Morgan Equipment Co v Rogers [No 2] (1993) 32 NSWLR 467, 301 Morris v C W Martin & Sons Ltd [1966] 1 QB 716, 198, 206, 208, 212–13 Morris v Ford Motor Co Ltd [1973] 2 All ER 1084, 299 Mortgage Loan and Finance Co of Australia v Richards (1932) 32 SR (NSW) 50, 120 Moschi v Lep Air Services Ltd [1973] AC 331, 260–1, 291 Moss v Sun Alliance Australia Ltd (1990) 55 SASR 145, 320

xxxviii Table of cases

Motor Credits (Hire Finance) Ltd v Paciﬁc Motor Auctions Pty Ltd (1962) 79 WN (NSW) 685, 116 Moxia Pty Ltd v AMP General Insurance Ltd (unreported, Victorian Supreme Court, Beach J, 21 September 1992), 346 Mozley v Tinkler (1835) 1 Cr M & R 692, 271 MSD Securities Pty Ltd v MFB Properties (NQ) Pty [No 2] [2018] 2 Qd R 51, 262 Municipal District of Concord v Coles (1905) 3 CLR 96, 53 Murphy v Hart (1919) 46 DLR 36, 206 Murphy v Timms [1987] 1 Qd R 550, 272 Murphy v Wright (1992) 5 BPR 11,734, 278 Musumeci v Winadell Pty Ltd (1994) 34 NSWLR 723, 10 Mutual Finance Ltd v John Wetton & Sons Ltd [1937] 2 KB 389, 283 Mutual Pools & Staff Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1994) 179 CLR 155, 54 N M Superannuation Pty Ltd v Hughes (1992) 27 NSWLR 26, 184 Nagy v Maters Dairy Ltd (1996) 150 ALR 273, 487 Nangus Pty Ltd v Charles Donovan Pty Ltd (in liq) [1989] VR 184, 291 Nanka-Bruce v Commonwealth Trust Ltd [1926] AC 77, 109 Nannup Timber Processing Pty Ltd v Minister for Commerce [2014] WASC 438, 260 Narellan Pools Pty Ltd v Huntsman Chemical Co Australia Pty Ltd [2010] FCA 267, 88 Nathan v Burness (2011) 193 FCR 360, 380 National & General Insurance Co Ltd v Chick (1984) 2 NSWLR 86, 344 National Australia Bank Ltd v Westbrook [2000] FCA 246, 375 National Bank of New Zealand Ltd v West [1978] 2 NZLR 451, 265, 267 National Bank of New Zealand v Mee & Reid (Executors of Cramond) (1885) 3 NZLR (CA) 188, 287 National Bus Co Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (1998) 38 ATR 211, 62 National Coal Board v Galley [1958] 1 All ER 91, 134 National Coal Board v Gamble [1959] 1 QB 11, 109 National Dairies WA Ltd v Commissioner of State Revenue [2001] WASCA 112, 64 National Engineering Pty Ltd v Wellington Orana Foundry Pty Ltd [2003] NSWSC 21, 93 National Westminster Bank plc v Riley [1986] FLR 213, 290 National Westminster Finance NZ Ltd v National Bank of NZ Ltd [1996] 1 NZLR 548, 269 Nelson v Nelson [1923] St R Qd 37, 59 Nescor Industries Group Pty Ltd v Miba Pty Ltd (1998) 150 ALR 633, 488 New Arabian Horse Association Inc v Olympic Co-ordination Authority [2005] NSWCA 210, 334 New Cap Reinsurance Corporation Ltd (in liq) v A E Grant (2008) 221 FLR 164, 362 New Cap Reinsurance Corporation Ltd (in liq) v Daya [2010] NSWSC 1226, 338 New South Wales v Ibbett (2006) 229 CLR 638, 60 New South Wales Medical Defence Union Ltd v Transport Industries Insurance Co Ltd (1985) 4 NSWLR 107, 313–14, 318 New Zealand Insurance Co Ltd v Forbes (1988) 5 ANZ Ins Cas }60-871, 317 New Zealand Tenancy Bonds Ltd v Mooney [1986] 1 NZLR 280, 174 Newcastle International Airport v Eversheds [2013] PNLR 5, 168 Newnham v Baker [1989] 1 Qd R 393, 317–18 Newton-John v Scholl-Plough (Australia) Ltd (1986) ATPR }40-697, 491 Nextra Australia Pty Ltd v Fletcher [2014] FCA 399, 481, 486 Neylon v Dickens [1979] 2 NZLR 714, 64

Table of cases xxxix

Nibali v Sweeting & Denney (WA) Pty Ltd (1989) Aust Tort Reports }80-258, 206 Niblett Ltd v Confectioners’ Materials Co Ltd [1921] 3 KB 387, 101, 434 Nicholls v Hills (2004) 136 FCR 201, 382 Nicholson v Chapman (1793) 126 ER 536, 205 Nicholson v Paget (1832) 1 C & M 48, 264 Nigel Watts Fashion Agencies Pty Ltd v GIO General Ltd (1994) 8 ANZ Ins Cas }61-235, 321 Nitschke v Foraco Australia Pty Ltd (2014) 120 SASR 162, 455 Nolan v Westpac Banking Corporation (1989) 51 SASR 496, 285 Norman v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1963) 109 CLR 9, 54 North British & Mercantile Insurance Co v Kean (1888) 16 OR 117, 279 North East Equity Pty Ltd v Pound Nominees Pty Ltd [No 2] [2008] FCA 1189, 79 North Shore Gas Co Ltd v Commissioner of Stamp Duties (NSW) (1940) 63 CLR 52, 53 Norton Australia Ltd v Streets Ice Cream Pty Ltd (1968) 120 CLR 635, 423 NRG Victory Australia Ltd v Hudson [2003] WASCA 291, 336 O’Brien v Smolonogov (1983) 53 ALR 107, 474 Official Assignee of Madras v Mercantile Bank of India [1935] AC 53, 207 Official Receiver v Delaton Pty Ltd (1996) 130 FLR 207, 377 Official Receiver v Walia [1997] FCA 1190, 367 Official Trustee in Bankruptcy v Galanis (2017) 52 FamLR 219, 369 Offord v Davies (1862) 12 CBNS 748, 271 Olivaylle Pty Ltd v Flottweg GMBH & Co KGAA [No 4] (2009) 255 ALR 632, 9 Olivieri v Stafford (1989) 24 FCR 413, 377 Olley v Marlborough Court [1949] 1 KB 532, 13 Olympic Holdings Pty Ltd v Windslow Corporation Pty Ltd (in liq) (2008) 36 WAR 342, 266 Oppenheimer v Attenborough & Son [1908] 1 KB 221, 119 Oppenheimer v Frazer & Wyatt [1907] 1 KB 519, 119 Orakpo v Barclays Insurance Services [1995] LRLR 443, 346 Orb Holdings Pty Ltd v Lombard Insurance [1995] 2 Qd R 51, 336–7 Orix Australia Corporation Ltd v McCormick (2005) 145 FCR 244, 366 Osborne Computer Corporation Pty Ltd v Airroad Distribution Pty Ltd (1995) 37 NSWLR 382, 207 Overbrooke Estates Ltd v Glencombe Properties Ltd [1973] 3 All ER 511, 179 P Samuel & Co Ltd v Dumas [1924] AC 431, 333 P&O Nedlloyd BV v Utaniko Ltd [2003] EWCA Civ 83, 56 Pacific Carriers Ltd v BNP Paribas (2004) 218 CLR 451, 169–73 Pacific Dunlop Ltd v Hogan (1989) 23 FCR 553, 490 Pacific Film Laboratories Pty Ltd v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (1970) 121 CLR 154, 78 Pacific Motor Auctions Pty Ltd v Motor Credits (Hire Finance) Ltd [1965] 2 All ER 105, 123–4 Palin v Vetterli [2013] NSWSC 893, 112 Palmer v Stear (1963) 113 LJ 420, 189 Palmer v Toronto Medical Arts Building Ltd [1960] OR 60 (Ont CA), 214 Palumberi v Palumberi [1986] NSW ConvR }55-673, 64 Pangello Estate Pty Ltd v Killara 10 Pty Ltd [2007] NSWSC 1528, 209 Paradise Constructors Pty Ltd v Lofts Quarries Pty Ltd [2003] VSC 370, 265 Parastatidis v Kotaridis [1978] VR 449, 198, 215 Park v Tschannen (2016) 341 ALR 452, 382 Parkdale Custom Built Furniture Pty Ltd v Puxu Pty Ltd (1982) 149 CLR 191, 479–80, 482 Parker v Bayly [1927] GLR 265, 268

xl Table of cases

Parker v British Airways Board [1982] QB 1004, 65, 199 Parr’s Banking Co Ltd v Yates [1898] 2 QB 460, 264 Pascoe v Park [2009] FMCA 1244, 377 Patten v Thomas Motors Pty Ltd (1965) 66 SR (NSW) 459, 100 Pearsell v Summersett (1812) 4 Taunt 593, 275 Pearson v Goldsbrough Mort & Co [1931] SASR 320, 273 Pearson v Rose & Young Ltd [1950] 2 All ER 1027, 113, 118–19 Pendlebury v Walker [1841] 160 ER 1072, 301 Penfolds Wines Pty Ltd v Elliott (1946) 74 CLR 204, 57 Penn v Bristol & West Building Society [1997] 1 WLR 1356, 193 Peppers Hotel Management Pty Ltd v Hotel Capital Partners Ltd (2004) 12 BPR 22,879, 273 Perazzoli v BankSA [2017] FCAFC 204, 382 Perfection Fresh Australia Pty Ltd v Melbourne Market Authority [2013] VSC 287, 455 Perlmutter v Beth David Hospital, 123 NE 2d 792 (1955), 79 Permanent Mortgages Pty Ltd v Vandenbergh (2010) 41 WAR 353, 447–8 Permanent Trustee Australia Ltd v FAI General Insurance Co Ltd (in liq) (2003) 214 CLR 514, 325 Permanent Trustee Co of New South Wales Ltd v Hinks (1934) 34 SR (NSW) 130, 263 Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd v Burniston [No 2] (2012) 271 FLR 122, 161 Perpetual Trustees Australia Ltd v Schmidt [2010] VSC 67, 163–4 Perrott v Newton King Ltd [1993] NZLR 1131, 276 Perry v National Provincial Bank of England [1910] 1 Ch 464, 263, 289–90 Petersen v Moloney (1951) 84 CLR 91, 161–3 Peterson v Merk Sharpe & Dohme (Australia) Pty Ltd (2010) 184 FCR 1, 419–21 Petkovski v Government Insurance Ofﬁce of New South Wales (unreported, NSW Court of Appeal, Mahoney, Sheller and Cripps JJA, 20 September 1993), 330 Philips v Astling (1809) 2 Taunt 206, 264 Phillips v Foxall [1872] LR 7 QB 666, 300 Phipps v New Claridge’s Hotel Pty Ltd (1905) 22 TLR 49, 205 Phoenix Assurance Co Ltd v Wren [1950] SASR 89, 282 Phoenix Court Pty Ltd v Melbourne Central Pty Ltd (1997) ATPR (Digest) }46-179, 489 Piccone v Suncorp Metway Insurance Ltd (2005) 148 FCR 437, 377 Pignataro v Gilroy [1919] 1 KB 459, 111 Pilmer v The Duke Group (2001) 207 CLR 165, 54 Pinnel’s case (1601) 5 Co Rep 117a, 10 Pitt Son & Badgery Ltd v Proufelco SA (1984) 153 CLR 644, 206, 209 Plasteel Windows Australia Pty Ltd v C E Heath Underwriting Agencies Pty Ltd (1990) 19 NSWLR 400, 328, 335–6, 338, 342 Plimer v Roberts (1997) 80 FCR 303, 474–5 Pollack v Lombe [2004] FCA 362, 382 Poole v Smith’s Car Sales (Balham) Ltd [1962] 1 WLR 744, 110 Port Swettenham Authority v T W Wu & Co (M) Sdn Bhd [1979] AC 580, 208 Post v Bean (1947) 20 MPR 168, 135 Post v Bean [1947] 3 DLR 513, 135 Poulet Frais Pty Ltd v The Silver Fox Co Pty Ltd (2005) 220 ALR 211, 165 Pourzand v Telstra Corporation Ltd [2014] WASCA 14, 169 Power Rental Op Co Australia, LLC v Forge Group Power Pty Ltd (in liq) (recs and mgrs apptd) (2017) 93 NSWLR 765, 63, 222

Table of cases xli

Powercor Australia Ltd v Paciﬁc Power [1999] VSC 110, 166 Precious Metals Australia Ltd x Xstrata (Schweiz) AG [2005] NSWSC 141, 273 Prepaid Services Pty Ltd v Atradius Credit Insurance NV (2013) 302 ALR 732, 324, 336, 338 Presentaciones Musicales SA v Secunda [1994] 2 All ER 737, 182 Pressn v Simmonds [1971] 1 WLR 1381, 275 Priest v Last [1903] 2 KB 148, 88 Prime Forme Cutting Pty Ltd v Baltica General Insurance Co Ltd (1990) 6 ANZ Ins Cas }61- 028, 323–4 Prince v Clark (1823) 107 ER 70, 184 Prins v Body Corporate for the Wave CTS [2013] FMCA 148, 371 Pritchard v DJZ Constructions Pty Ltd (2012) 16 BPR 31,141, 292 Pritchard v Hitchcock (1843) 6 M & Gr 151, 287 ProCD Inc v Zeidenberg & Silken Mountain Web Services Ind, 86 F 3d 1447 (1996), 15 Prospect Industries Pty Ltd v Anscor Pty Ltd [2003] QSC 296, 170, 174 Prospero Publishing Pty Ltd v Rumcoast Holdings Pty Ltd (2000) ATPR }41-762, 491 Provincial Insurance Australia Pty Ltd v Consolidated Wood Products Pty Ltd (1991) 25 NSWLR 541, 190 PSAL Ltd v Kellas Sharpe [2012] QSC 31, 452 Pua Hor Ong v Wu You Yang Pty Ltd (2008) 103 SASR 9, 135 Public Service Employees Credit Union Co-op Ltd v Campion (1984) 75 FLR 131, 283 Puels v Exelerate Funding Pty Ltd (2005) 214 ALR 616, 368 Pukallus v Cameron (1982) 56 ALJR 907, 271 Puma Australia v Sportman’s Australia [1994] 2 Qd R 159, 126 QBE Insurance Ltd v Giampolo [1993] ACTSC 106, 329–30 Quainoo v New Zealand Breweries Ltd [1991] 1 NZLR 161, 263 Queensland National Bank Ltd v Queensland Trustees Ltd (1899) 9 QLJ 282, 264 R v Clarke (1927) 40 CLR 227, 8 R v Cohen; Ex parte Motor Accidents Insurance Board (1979) 141 CLR 577, 309 R v Ramsay (1883) 48 LT NS 733, 70 R v Reeves (1859) 5 Jur NS 716, 205 R V Ward Ltd v Bignall [1967] 1 QB 534, 159 Radich v Bank of New Zealand (1993) 45 FCR 101, 376 Rama Corporation Ltd v Proved Tin & General Investments Ltd [1952] 2 QB 147, 169, 179, 181 Ramsay Health Care Australia Pty Ltd v Compton (2017) 261 CLR 132, 377 Ramsgate Victoria Hotel Co v Monteﬁore (1866) LR 1 Ex 109, 8 Randall v Albaugh [2009] FMCA 475, 377 Randwick City Council v Burnett [2005] NSWSC 508, 60 Re Alafaci (1976) 9 ALR 262, 382 Re Amlink Technologies Pty Ltd and Australian Trade Commission (2005) 86 ALD 370, 78–9 Re Australian & Overseas Insurance Co Ltd [1966] 1 NSWR 558, 270 Re Bankrupt Estate of Murphy, Donnelly v Commonwealth Bank of Australia Ltd (1996) 140 ALR 46, 265 Re Bond Worth Ltd [1979] 3 WLR 629, 127 Re Bradley & Essex & Suffolk Accident Indemnity Society [1912] 1 KB 415, 319 Re Briggs (1986) 12 FCR 310, 371 Re Brink; Ex parte Commercial Banking Co of Sydney Ltd (1980) 44 FLR 135, 373 Re Brocklehurst (Deceased) [1978] Ch 14, 284 Re Capel; Ex parte Caram Finance Australia Ltd [1998] FCA 372, 376

xlii Table of cases

Re Care Builders Pty Ltd (1997) 23 ACSR 754, 263 Re Clubb; Ex parte Clubb v Westpac Banking Corporation (1990) 93 ALR 123, 373 Re Colorado Products Pty Ltd (in prov liq) (2014) 101 ACSR 233, 490 Re Conley; Ex parte Trustee v Barclays Bank Ltd [1938] 2 All ER 127, 267 Re Cresswell [2018] QSC 142, 208 Re Curry [1992] FCA 619, 369 Re Darby; Ex parte Brougham [1911] 1 KB 95, 46 Re Denton’s Estate; Licences Insurance Corporation & Guarantee Fund Ltd v Denton [1904] 2 Ch 178, 270 Re Ferrier; Ex parte The Trustee v Donald [1944] 1 Ch 295, 110 Re Field [1977] 3 WLR 937, 376 Re Gillies; Ex parte Ofﬁcial Trustee [1993] FCA 289, 378 Re Glew; Glew v Harrowell of Hunt & Hunt Lawyers (2003) 198 ALR 331, 373 Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd (in rec) [1995] 1 AC 74, 106 Re Hans Place Ltd [1992] BCC 737, 293 Re Hansen (1985) 4 FCR 590, 372 Re Hodder (1965) 7 FLR 436, 382 Re James (1994) 51 FCR 14, 376 Re Katherine et Cie Ltd [1932] 1 Ch 70, 293 Re Ku-ring-gai Cooperative Building Society (No 12) Ltd (1978) 22 ALR 621, 471 Re Leher and the Real Property Act 1900–1956 [1960] NSWR 570, 53 Re London Chartered Bank of Australia [1893] 3 Ch 540, 263 Re Longo (1995) 57 FCR 523, 377 Re Maiden Civil (P & E); Albarran v Queensland Excavation Services Pty Ltd (2013) 277 FLR 337, 225–6 Re Mottee (1977) 16 ALR 129, 366 Re Mount Costigan Lead & Silver Mining Co Ltd (1896) 17 LR (NSW) Eq 80, 290 Re Nath; Ex parte Ghysels (1996) 63 FCR 523, 361 Re Nguyen; Ex parte Commissioner of Taxation (1995) 54 FCR 403, 371 Re Nigel Bruce Henderson and Marlene Henderson; Ex parte a Debtor’s Petition (1985) 9 FCR 353, 358 Re OneSteel Manufacturing Pty Ltd (admins apptd) (2017) 93 NSWLR 611, 253–4 Re Oskar (1984) 55 ALR 717, 359 Re Ousley (1994) 48 FCR 131, 368 Re Padagas; Ex parte Carrier Air Conditioning Pty Ltd (1977) 30 FLR 170, 361 Re Pannowitz; Ex parte Wilson (1975) 38 FLR 184, 369 Re Parker (1882) 21 Ch D 408, 190 Re Pevsner (1983) 66 FLR 254, 377 Re Piccolo; McVeigh v National Australia Bank Ltd [1999] FCA 386, 265 Re Pollard; Ex parte Lensing Management Pty Ltd (1991) 33 FCR 284, 375 Re Portuguese Consolidated Copper Mines Ltd (1890) 45 Ch D 16, 184 Re Pugliese; Ex parte Chase Manhattan Bank Australia Ltd (1993) 44 FCR 536, 370 Re Renovation Boys Pty Ltd (admins apptd) [2014] NSWSC 340, 108–9, 111, 243 Re Rudd & Son; Re Fosters & Rudd Ltd (1986) 2 BCC 98, 955, 265 Re Salisbury-Jones [1938] 2 All ER 459, 298 Re Sanders [2003] FCA 1079, 376 Re Sass; Ex parte National Provincial Bank of England Ltd [1896] 2 QB 12, 268, 299 Re Seghabi (1994) 52 FCR 303, 377

Table of cases xliii

Re Smith [1999] FCA 1755, 365 Re Smith & Fawcett Ltd [1942] Ch 304, 49 Re Steele (1994) 48 FCR 236, 381 Re Sterling; Ex parte Esanda Pty Ltd (1980) 30 ALR 77, 371 Re Taylor; Ex parte Natwest Australia Bank Ltd (1992) 37 FCR 194, 361 Re Terry [1994] FCA 1531, 381 Re Timbatec Pty Ltd (1974) 24 FLR 30, 362 Re Tweed Garages Ltd [1962] Ch 406, 363 Re Vassis (1986) 9 FCR 518, 362 Re Victoria Station Corporation Pty Ltd (admins apptd) (2018) 56 VR 26, 162 Re Wait [1927] 1 Ch 606, 77, 106 Re Walsh [1982] FCA 250, 371–2 Re Walsh; Olivieri v Stafford (1989) 24 FCR 413, 372 Re Willshire-Smith; Ex parte Randle & Taylor Services Pty Ltd (1994) 48 FCR 371, 376 Re Wong; Ex parte Kitson (1979) 38 FLR 207, 370 Reardon Smith Line Ltd v Yngvar Hansen-Tangen [1976] 1 WLR 989, 275 Reckitt Benckiser (Australia) Pty Ltd v SC Johnson & Son Pty Ltd (2004) ATPR }42-026, 484–5 Red Bull Australia Pty Ltd v Sydneywide Distributors Pty Ltd (2001) 53 IPR 481, 490 Redox v Swan Hill Chemicals Pty Ltd [2018] VCC 531, 197 Refaat v Barry [2014] VCC 199, 95 Regal Pearl Pty Ltd v Stewart [2002] NSWCA 291, 89–90, 98 Regina Brokerage & Investment Co v Waddell (1916) 27 DLR 533 (CA), 300 Reglon Pty Ltd v Hill [2006] NSWSC 1360, 61 Rendell v Associate Finance Pty Ltd [1957] VR 604, 62 Republic of India v India Steamship Co [1998] AC 878, 117 Ritson v Commissioner of Police, New South Wales Police Force [2018] FCCA 916, 369 Roadstar Caravans Pty Ltd v Emjay Products Pty Ltd [2013] VCC 1921, 92 Robertson v Stang (1997) 38 CCLT (2d) 62, 215 Robinson v ANZ Banking Group Ltd (1990) ASC }55-979, 286 Robinson v Graves [1935] KB 579, 78 Robinson v Harman (1848) 1 Exch 850, 19 Robinson v Jenkins (1890) 24 QBD 275, 54 Rockcote Enterprises Pty Ltd v F S Architects Pty Ltd [2008] NSWCA 39, 163 Roder Zelt-Und Hallenkonstruktionen GMBH v Rosedown Park Pty Ltd (unreported, Federal Court of Australia, von Doussa J, 30 November 1995), 60 Rodway v White (2009) 233 FLR 262, 378 Roehlen v Mikhail [2018] VSC 121, 134 Rogers v ANZ Banking Group Ltd [1985] WAR 304, 297 Rolleston v Insurance Australia Ltd [2016] NSWSC 1561, 346 Ronan v Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (2000) 2 VR 531, 279 Rondo Building Services Pty Ltd v Casaron Pty Ltd [2002] QDC 128, 126 Roscorla v Thomas (1842) 3 QB 234, 10 Rosecell Pty Ltd v JP Haines Plumbing Pty Ltd [2015] NSWSC 1238, 116 Roufos v Brewster (1971) 2 SASR 218, 11 Rowland v Divall [1923] 2 KB 500, 100 Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust v South Sydney City Council (2002) 186 ALR 289, 264 273–4 Rozenbes v Kronhill (1959) 95 CLR 409, 375

xliv Table of cases

Rubicon Computer Systems Ltd v United Paints Ltd [2000] 2 TCLR 454, 101 Ruddenklau & Gardner v Charlesworth [1925] NZLR 161, 277 Rummeryv Dorsman [1996] ANZ ConvR 513, 192 Russell v ANZ Banking Group Ltd (1987) 14 FCR 72, 375 Russell v Wilson (1923) 33 CLR 538, 55 Russo v Belcar Pty Ltd (2011) 111 SASR 459, 86, 147 Ryan v Great Lakes Council (1999) ATPR }46-191, 410, 418–19 Sabre Corporation Pty Ltd v Laboratories Pharma-A-Care Pty Ltd (1995) ATPR }41-396, 486 Sachs v Miklos [1948] 2 KB 23, 189 Sadcas Pty Ltd v Business & Professional Finance Pty Ltd [2011] NSWCA 267, 60 Sagacious Legal Pty Ltd v Wesfarmers General Insurance Ltd [No 4] (2010) 268 ALR 108, 335 Saint-Gobain Adhesives Pty Ltd v McPherson [2009] NSWCA 214, 417 SAL and JGL [2016] WASAT 63, 366 Salomon v A Salomon & Co Ltd [1897] AC 22, 45 Sandell v Porter (1966) 115 CLR 666, 363 Sandeman & Sons v Tyzack & Branfoot Steamship Co [1913] AC 680, 61 Sandeman Coprimar SA v Transitos y Transportes Integrales SL [2003] EWCA Civ 113, 202 Sanderson v Aston (1873) LR 8 Exch 73, 292 Sanderson v Collins [1904] 1 KB 628, 206 Santos Coffee Co Pty Ltd v Direct Freight Express Pty Ltd [2008] NSWDC 235, 209, 211, 213 Sarina v Council of the Shire of Wollondilly (1980) 48 FLR 372, 375 Saxty v Wilkins (1843) 11 M&W 622, 138 Scenic Tours Pty Ltd v Moore (2018) 361 ALR 456, 429, 439 Schaffer v Royal & Sun Alliance Life Assurance Australia Ltd [2003] QCA 182, 336 Scholeﬁeld Goodman & Sons Ltd v Gange (unreported, NSW Supreme Court, Sheppard J, 4 December 1979), 276 Schoolman v Hall [1951] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 139, 330 Schwarzchild v Harrods [2008] All ER (D) 299, 212 Scott v Davis (2000) 204 CLR 333, 161 Scott v Forster Pastoral Co Pty Ltd (2000) 35 ACSR 294, 290 See v Farey (1889) 10 LR (NSW) 72, 264 Select Personnel Pty Ltd v Morgan & Banks Pty Ltd (1988) 12 IPR 167, 470 Semrani v Manoun [2001] NSWCA 337, 487 Seovic Civil Engineering Pty Ltd v Groenveld (1999) 87 FCR 120, 372 Sgro v Australian Associated Motor Insurers Ltd (2015) 91 NSWLR 325, 346 Shahid v Australasian College of Dermatologists (2008) 168 FCR 46, 472–4 Sharkey v Wernher [1956] AC 58 (HL), 136 Shaw v Picton [1825] 107 ER 1226, 288 Sheik Ali Ahmend Al-Thani v Bradshaw & Webb (Sales) Ltd (unreported, Queens Bench Division, 30 March 1988), 114 Sheldon v Sun Alliance Ltd (1989) 53 SASR 97, 314 Shepherd v Chiquita Brands (South Paciﬁc) Ltd (2004) 1 ABC (NS) 610, 371 Sherry v FAI General Insurance Co Ltd (in liq) (2003)12 ANZ Ins Cas }61-561, 333 Shevill v Builders Licensing Board (1982) 149 CLR 620, 19 Shipton, Anderson & Co v Weil Brothers & Co [1912] 1 KB 574, 142 Shire of Yea v Roberts (1879) 5 VLR (E) 222, 135 Shoshana Pty Ltd v 10th Cantanae Pty Ltd (1987) 18 FCR 285, 491 Shotter v Westpac Banking Corporation [1988] 2 NZLR 316, 285

Table of cases xlv

Simms Jones Ltd v Protochem Trading NZ Ltd [1993] NZLR 369, 216 Sims v SPM Business Consultants Pty Ltd [2002] FCA 1588, 62 Sims & Co v Midland Railway Co [1913] 1 KB 103, 188–9 Simson v Ingham (1823) 2 B & C 65, 288 Sinclair v Hudson (1995) 9 BPR 16,259, 184 Siu Yin Kwan v Eastern Insurance Co Ltd [1994] 2 AC 199, 186–7 Skalkos v T & S Recoveries Pty Ltd (2004) 141 FCR 107, 370 Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Publ), Singapore Branch v Asia Paciﬁc Breweries (Singapore) Pte Ltd [2011] 3 SLR 540, 170, 176–8 Skerbic v McCormack [2007] ACTSC 93, 415, 422 Skylink International Courier Pty Ltd v Grellman (unreported, NSW Supreme Court, Needham J, 21 September 1987), 267 Slater v Finning Ltd [1997] AC 473, 91–2 Slater v Hoyle & Smith Ltd [1920] 2 KB 11, 153 Smart v Westpac Banking Corporation (2011) 282 ALR 400, 309, 315 Smith v Australia & New Zealand Banking Group Ltd (1996) NSW ConvR }55-774, 266 Smith v Bone (2015) 104 ACSR 528, 368 Smith v Cook [1911] AC 317, 301 Smith v Milles (1786) 1 TR 475, 57 Smith v Passmore (1883) 4 LR (NSW) 274, 271 Smith v Stallard & French [1919] WALR 19, 191 Smith v Wood [1929] 1 Ch 14, 267 Smith, Stone & Knight Ltd v Lord Mayor, Alderman & Citizens of the City of Birmingham [1939] 4 All ER 116, 46 Sockhill v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation (2000) 178 ALR 113, 371 Sorby v Gordon (1874) 30 LT 528, 271 South Central Bell Telephone Co v Bartheley, 643 So 2d 1240 (1994), 66 South Staffordshire Water Co v Sharman [1896] 2 QB 44, 65 South Sydney District Rugby League Football Club Ltd v News Ltd (2000) 177 ALR 611, 162, 164 190 Southern British National Trust Ltd v Pither (1937) 57 CLR 89, 112 Southern Cross Homes (Broken Hill) Inc v Chapman [1999] SASC 491, 91 Southern Cross Interiors Pty Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation (2001) 53 NSWLR 213, 363 Southwell v Maladina (2002) 194 ALR 51, 382 Spark v Heslop (1859) 1 El & El 563, 297 Specht v Netscape Communications Corporation, 306 F 3d 17 (2d Cir 2002), 15 Specialised Transport v Dominiak (1989) 16 NSWLR 657, 55 Spence v Union Marine Insurance Ltd (1868) LR 3CP 427, 61 Speno Rail Maintenance Australia Pty Ltd v Hammersley Iron Pty Ltd (2001) 23 WAR 291, 319 Spies v The Queen (2000) 201 CLR 603, 49 Springer v Great Western Railway [1921] 1 KB 257, 189 Spurling v Bradshaw Ltd [1956] 1 WLR 461, 394 Sran v Minister for Immigration (2014) 283 FLR 391, 162 St Albans City and District Council v International Computers Ltd [1996] 4 All ER 48, 76 St George Wholesale Finance Pty Ltd v Spalla (2000) 181 ALR 682, 263, 372 Stacey v Hill [1901] 1 KB 660, 292 Stadium Finance Co Ltd v Helm (1965) 109 SJ 471, 276

xlvi Table of cases

Staffs Motor Guarantee Ltd v British Wagon Co Ltd [1934] 2 KB 305, 119 Stallard v Great Western Railway Co (1862) 121 ER 1129, 206 State v Central Computer Servers Inc, 349 So 2d 1160 (1977), 66 State Bank of NSW Ltd v Nepean Indoor Sports Centre Pty Ltd (unreported, NSW Supreme Court, Rolfe J, 28 April 1995), 287 State Bank of South Australia v Maclntosh; Halwood Corporation Ltd v State Bank of South Australia (unreported, NSW Supreme Court, Young J, 31 May 1995, Equity Divison), 266 Steadfast Insurance Co Ltd v F & B Trading Co Pty Ltd (1971) 125 CLR 578, 309 Stealth Enterprises Pty Ltd v Calliden Insurance Ltd [2017] NSWCA 71, 326–7 Stedman v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation (2000) 44 ATR 88, 376 Steinke v Edwards (unreported, Local Court of Adelaide, SD Ronald SM, 1935), 102, 434 Stevenson v Rogers [1999] 2 WLR 1064, 95 Stevenson v Singh [2012] EWHC 2880 (QB), 193 Stevenson Jacques & Co v McLean (1880) 5 QBD 346, 7 Stilk v Myrick (1809) 2 Camp 317, 9 Stirling v Forrester [1821] 4 ER 712, 297, 301 Stuart v Guardian Royal Exchange Assurance of New Zealand Ltd [No 2] (1988) 5 ANZ Ins Cas }60-844, 322 Stuart Alexander & Co (Interstate) Pty Ltd v Blenders Pty Ltd (1981) ATPR }40-244, 486 Sudbrook Trading Estate Ltd v Eggleton [1983] 1 AC 444, 135 Sun Happiness [1994] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 381, 191 Sunbird Plaza Pty Ltd v Maloney (1988) 166 CLR 245, 259–61, 291 Suncorp General Insurance Ltd v Cheihk (1999) 10 ANZ Ins Cas }61-442, 324 Suncorp Insurance & Finance v Milano Assicurazioni Spa [1993] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 225, 182–3 Suncorp Metway Insurance Ltd v Mason Place Pty Ltd [2011] QDC 209, 313 Sundararajah v Teachers Federation Health Ltd (2011) 283 ALR 720, 455 Swarbrick v Burge (2009) 236 FLR 311, 370 Sydney Futures Exchange Ltd v Australian Stock Exchange Ltd (1995) 56 FCR 236, 53 Synergy Health (UK) Ltd v CGU [2011] Lloyd’s Rep IR 500, 330 Szanto v Aston [2011] Qd R 484, 55 Taco Co of Australia Inc v Taco Bell Pty Ltd (1982) 42 ALR 177, 469, 479, 495 Tai Hing Cotton Mill Ltd v Liu Chong Hing Bank Ltd [1986] AC 80, 215 Taylor v Caldwell (1863) 3 B & S 826, 17 Taylor v Combined Buyers Ltd [1924] NZLR 627, 86, 96, 143 Taylor v Robinson (1818) 129 ER 536, 190 Taylor v Smith (1926) 38 CLR 48, 182, 184 Technology Leasing Ltd v Lennmar Pty Ltd [2012] FCA 709, 164, 168 Tehran-Europe Co Ltd v S T Belton (Tractors) Ltd [1968] 2 QB 545, 185 Telstra Corporation Ltd v Hurstville City Council (2000) 105 FCR 322, 76 Telstra Corporation Ltd v Singtel Optus Pty Ltd [2014] VSC 35, 483 Temperance Loan Fund Ltd v Rose [1932] 2 KB 522, 269 Thanakharn Kasikorn Thai Chamkat (Mahachon) v Akai Holdings Ltd (in liq) [2010] HKCFA 64, 168 THC Holding Pty Ltd v CMA Recycling Pty Ltd (2014) 101 ACSR 202, 106 The Astyanax [1985] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 109, 187 The Gratitudine [1801] 164 ER 450, 189–90 The Noordam [No 2] [1920] AC 904, 54–5

Table of cases xlvii

The Pioneer Container [1994] 2 AC 324, 202–3 Thomas v Thomas (1842) 2 QB 851, 9 Thomas Australia Wholesale Vehicle Trading Co Pty Ltd v Marac Finance Australia Ltd (1985) 3 NSWLR 452, 117 Thorby v Goldberg (1964) 112 CLR 597, 12 Thornett & Fehr v Beers & Son [1919] 1 KB 486, 82, 97 Thornley v Tilley (1925) 36 CLR 1, 190 Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking [1971] 2 QB 163, 394 Tiep Thi To v AAMI Ltd (2001) 3 VR 279, 347 Tinn v Hoffman (1873) 29 LT 271, 8 Tipperary Developments Pty Ltd v Western Australia (2009) 38 WAR 488, 272 Tito v Waddell [No 2], [1977] Ch 106, 154 Tobacco Institute of Australia Ltd v Australian Federation of Consumer Organisations Inc (1992) 38 FCR 1, 475–6, 488 Tobin v Melrose [1951] SASR 139, 184 Toby Constructions Products Pty Ltd v Computa Bar (Sales) Pty Ltd [1983] 2 NSWLR 48, 78, 80 Toll (FGCT) Pty Ltd v Alphapharm Pty Ltd (2004) 219 CLR 165, 13, 126 Tombs v Roch (1846) 2 Coll 490, 300 Tomlin v Ford Credit Australia Ltd [2005] NSWSC 540, 215 Tonto Home Loans Australia Pty Ltd v Tavares (2011) 15 BPR 29,699, 161, 456 Torkington v Magee [1902] 2 KB 427, 53 Tosich v Tasman Investment Management Ltd (2008) 250 ALR 274, 325 Total Oil Products (Australia) Pty Ltd v Robinson [1970]1 NSWR 701, 280 Totev v Sfar (2008) 167 FCR 193, 376 Town of Truro v Toronto General Insurance Co (1973) 38 DLR (3rd) 1, 292 Townsend v BBC Hardware Ltd [2003] QCA 572, 207 Toyota Finance Australia Ltd v Dennis [2002] NSWCA 369, 61 Tradax Export SA v Dorada Compania Naviera SA [1982] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 140, 117 Traders Group Ltd v Brewster (1968) 2 DLR (3d) 390, 292 Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd v Luna Park (NSW) Ltd (1938) 38 SR (NSW) 632, 18 Tre Cavalli Pty Ltd v Berry Rural Co Operative Society Ltd [2013] NSWCA 235, 87, 95 Trident v McNiece Brothers Pty Ltd (1988) 165 CLR 107, 333 Trident General Insurance Co Pty Ltd v McNiece Brothers Pty Ltd (1987) 8 NSWLR 270, 183 Trojan v Corporation of the Town of Hindmarsh (1987) 16 FCR 37, 376 Truran Earth Movers Pty Ltd v Norwich Union Fire Insurance Society Ltd (1976) 17 SASR 1, 310 Tsavliris Salvage (International) Ltd v Guangdong Shantov Overseas Chinese Materials Marketing Co (‘The Pa Mar’) [1999] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 338, 188–9 Tucker v Broadlands International Finance Ltd (unreported, NSW Court of Appeal, Priestley JA, 12 September 1986), 275–6 Turner v Trevorrow (1994) 49 FCR 566, 361 Turner Manufacturing Co Pty Ltd v Senes [1964] NSWR 692, 264 Twenty-First Maylux Pty Ltd v Mercantile Mutual Insurance (Australia) Ltd [1990] VR 919, 325–6, 338–9 Tyndall Life Insurance Co Ltd v Chisholm (2000) 11 ANZ Ins Cas }90-104, 338 Tzovaras v Nufeno Pty Ltd [2003] FCA 1152, 373 UDT v Beech [1972] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 546, 269 UEB Packaging Ltd v QBE Insurance (International) Ltd (1996) 2 NZLR 467, 316–17

xlviii Table of cases

Ulster Bank Ltd v Lambe [1966] NI 161, 268 Ultzen v Nichols [1894] 1 QB 92, 199 Underwood Ltd v Burgh Castle Brick & Cement Syndicate [1922] 1 KB 343, 108–9 Union Bank of Australia v Whitelaw [1906] VLR 711, 284 United Dominions Corporation Ltd v Brian Pty Ltd (1985) 157 CLR 1, 31, 35 United Dominions Trust Ltd v Beech [1972] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 546, 275 Unity Finance Ltd v Woodcock [1963] 1 WLR 455, 293 Unity Insurance Brokers Pty Ltd v Rocco Pezzano Pty Ltd (1998) 192 CLR 603, 339 Valstar v Silversmith [2009] NSWCA 80, 292 Valve Corporation v Australian Competition and Consumer Commission [2018] HCASL 99, 513 Van Wart v Carpenter (1861) 21 UCQB 320, 271 Vargas Pena Apezteguia y Cia SAIC v Peter Cremer GmbH & Co [1987] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 394, 148 Vermeulen v SIMU Mutual Insurance Association (1987) 4 ANZ Ins Cas }60-812, 315 Viavattene v Birch [2015] FCCA 2676, 372 Victoria Laundry (Windsor) Ltd v Newman Industries Ltd [1949] 1 All ER 997, 151 Victoria Park Racing and Recreation Grounds Co Pty Ltd v Taylor (1937) 58 CLR 479, 70 Victorian Alps Wine Co Pty Ltd v All Saints Estate Pty Ltd (2012) 34 VR 397, 81 Video Ezy International Pty Ltd v Sedema Pty Ltd [2014] NSWSC 143, 461 Village Building Co Ltd v Canberra International Airport Pty Ltd (2004) 139 FCR 330, 472 Virginia Nemeth (by her Tutor) v Australian Litigation Funders Pty Ltd [2013] NSWSC 529, 446 Vita Food Products Inc v Unus Shipping Co Ltd [1939] AC 277, 514 Vivian v Eynon [1927] GLR 447, 288 Vodafone Paciﬁc Ltd v Mobile Innovations Ltd [2004] NSWCA 15, 273 Von Braun v Australian Associated Motor Insurers Ltd (1998) 135 ACTR 1, 338, 341–3 W & J Investments Ltd v Commissioner of Taxation (1987) 16 FCR 314, 134 W & K Holdings (NSW) Pty Ltd v Mayo [2013] NSWSC 1063, 454 W D & H O Wills (Australia) Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1998) 43 NSWLR 338, 199–201 W G H Nominees Pty Ltd v Tomblin (1985) Aust Tort Reports }80-740, 209 Wal Mart Stores Inc v City of Mobile, 696 So 2d 290 (1996), 67 Walker v Corboy (1990) 19 NSWLR 382, 190 Wallace v Safeway Caravan Mart (1975) 3 QL 224, 109 Walsh v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation (1984) 156 CLR 337, 373 Walton v Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society Ltd [2004] NSWSC 616, 345–7 Ward v Macauley (1791) 4 TR 489, 56–7 Ward v National Bank of New Zealand Ltd (1889) 8 NZLR 10, 299 Ward v Ward [2011] NSWSC 107, 448 Wardley Australia Pty Ltd v McPharlin (1984) 3 BPR 9,500, 283 Warehouse Sales Pty Ltd (in liq) v L G Electronics Australia Pty Ltd [2014] VSC 644, 244 Warmings Used Cars Ltd v Tucker [1956] SASR 249, 137 Warnford Investments Ltd v Duckworth [1979] 1 Ch 127, 293 Watson v Davies [1931] 1 Ch 455, 181 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315, 488–9 Watson v Swann (1862) 11 CB (NS) 756, 183 Watson Brothers v Hornby (Inspector of Taxes) [1942] 2 All ER 506, 80, 136 Watt v Bank of New South Wales [2003] ACTA 7, 259 Watteau v Fenwick [1893] 1 QB 346, 167

Table of cases xlix

Waugh v H G Clifford & Sons [1982] Ch 374, 190 Waugh v Harper [1937] St R Qd 327, 152 Waverley Borough Council v Fletcher [1995] QB 334, 65 Wayne Wilkinson Insurance Ltd v Kaiaua Downs Ltd (1995) 8 ANZ Ins Cas }61-248, 331 Webb v Hewitt (1857) 3 K & J 438, 289 Wenning v Robinson (1964) 64 SR (NSW) 157, 80, 134–5 Western Credit Ltd v Alberry [1964] 2 All ER 938, 281 Westlake v Adams (1858) 5 CB (NS) 248, 9 Westpac Banking Corporation v George Comanos (unreported, NSW Supreme Court, Cole J, 26 March 1993), 265 Westpac Banking Corporation v Royal Tongan Airlines [1996] NSWSC 409, 208 Westrac Equipment Pty Ltd v ‘Assets Venture’ (2002) 192 ALR 277, 204, 208 Whelan Kartaway Pty Ltd v G & C Weatherburn (in liq) [2002] NSWSC 677, 115 White v Baycorp Advantage Business Information Services Ltd (2006) 200 FLR 125, 187–8 White v Morris (1852) 138 ER 778, 57 Whitehouse Properties Pty Ltd v Bond Brewing (NSW) Ltd (1992) 28 NSWLR 17, 134 Whiting v Burke (1871) 6 Ch App 342, 301 Wigan v Edwards (1973) 1 ALR 497, 9 William Leitch & Co Ltd v Leydon [1931] AC 90, 58 Williams v Barrell (1845) 1 CB 402, 434 Williams v Bayley (1866) LR 1 HL 200, 283 Williams v Douglas (1949) 78 CLR 521, 56 Williams v Roffey Brothers & Nicholls (Contractors) [1991] 1 QB 1, 56 Williams Brothers v Agius Ltd [1914] AC 510, 153 Williams Group Australia Pty Ltd v Crocker [2016] NSWCA 265, 169 Williamson v Tait (1892) 18 VLR 649, 287 Wilson v Lombank Ltd [1963] 1 WLR 1294, 57 Wilson v Northampton & Banbury Junction Railway Co (1874) 9 Ch App 279, 154 Womboin Pty Ltd v Savannah Island Trading Pty Ltd (1990) 19 NSWLR 364, 291 Worcester Works Finance Ltd v Cooden Engineering Co Ltd [1972] 1 QB 210, 109, 123 Worrell v Woods (1999) 90 FCR 264, 381 Wren v Mahony (1972) 126 CLR 212, 376 Wrotham Park Estate Co Ltd v Parkside Homes Ltd [1974] 1 WLR 798, 153 Yearworth v North Bristol NHS Trust [2010] QB 1, 69, 208 Yeoman Credit Ltd v Latter [1961] 1 WLR 828, 259, 262–3, 280 Yerkey v Jones (1939) 63 CLR 649, 284 Yonge v Toynbee [1910] 1 KB 215, 192 Yorke v Lucas (1985) 158 CLR 661, 470, 477–8 Yorkville Nominees Pty Ltd (in liq) v Lissenden (1986) 160 CLR 475, 335 Your Response Ltd v Datastream Business Media Ltd [2014] EWCA Civ 281, 53 Yuba River Power Co v Nevada Irrigation District, 207 Cal 521 (1929), 52 Yulin Pty Ltd v Japan Building Projects (Australia) Pty Ltd (1991) ANZ ConvR }390, 276 YYH Holdings Pty Ltd v Grant (unreported, District Court of New South Wales, Rolfe DCJ, 23 March 2012), 63 Zdrilic v Hickie (2016) 246 FCR 532, 360 Zimmler v Manning (1863) 2 SCR (NSW) 235, 61

l Table of cases

Ziogos v FSS Trustee Corporation as Trustee of the First State Superannuation Scheme [2015] NSWSC 1385, 322 Zurich Australian Insurance Ltd v Contour Mobel Pty Ltd [1991] 2 VR 146, 338–9 Zurich Australian Insurance Ltd v Metals & Minerals Insurance Pte Ltd (2010) 240 CLR 391, 334 Zuvela v Geiger [2007] WASCA 138, 151 Zweeres v Thibault, 23 A2d 529 (US Vt SC 1942), 214

Table of cases li

Australia s 9(4), 415 – A New Tax System (Goods and Services Tax) s 18, 294, 469 70, 472, 478, 482, 484, 486, 490, 493, 495 Act 1999, 22 445, 450–1, 456, 458, 463, 465 Associations Incorporation Reform Act 2012, s 20, – 357 ss 20 21, 21 – Australian Consumer Law, 296, 394, 404, 406, ss 20 22, 445 410, 429, 439, 445, 464–5, 492, 495 s 20(2), 465 ch 2, 403 s 21, 445, 450, 452, 458, 463, 465 – – ch 2 pt 2.1, 392 ss 21 22, 453 8 322–3 ch 2 pt 2.2, 393 s 21(1), 456 ch 2 pt 2.3, 396–7 s 21(2), 456 ch 3, 403 s 21(4), 392, 445, 450, 458–60, 465 ch 3 pt 3-5, 406–7 s 22, ch 3 pt 3-5 div 1, 406 s 22(1)(a), 458 ch 3 pt 3-5 div 2, 406–7 s 22(1)(b), 459 ch 4, 403 s 22(1)(c), 459 div 1, 392 s 22(1)(d), 459 459 div 1 ch 3 pt 3-5, 426 s 22(1)(e), 459 pt 3-2, 426 s 22(1)(f ), 459 pt 3-2 div 1 subdiv A, 432, 442 s 22(1)(g), 459 pt 3-5, 408, 415–16 s 22(1)(h), pt 3-5 div 1, 426 s 22(1)(i), 459 s2,415, 430–1, 437–8, 470 s 22(1)(ii), 459 s 2(1), 407, 409 s 22(1)(j), 459 s 2(2), 469, 486 s 22(1)(j)(iv), 459 460 s3,396, 429–31 s 22(1)(l), 458 s 3(1), 429–30 s 22(2)(a), 459 s 3(2), 430–1 s 22(2)(b), 459 s 3(2)(a), 431 s 22(2)(c), s 3(2)(b), 431 s 22(2)(d), 459 s 3(3), 430 s 22(2)(e), 459 s 3(11), 430 s 22(2)(f ), 459 s 4(1), 490 s 22(2)(g), 459 459 s7,409–10 s 22(2)(h), 459 s9,295–6, 415 s 22(2)(i), 459 s 9(1), 414 s 22(2)(ii), 459 s 9(2), 414 s 22(2)(j), s 9(3), 415 s 22(2)(j)(iv), 459

lii

s 22(2)(l), 460 s 61(1), 438 s 22A, 445 s 64, 430, 512 s 23, 398 s 67, 512–13 ss 23–28, 392, 396, 404 s 67(b), 512–13 s 23(1), 396, 403 s 137A, 423 s 23(3), 396–7 s 138, 406–8, 411, 416, 427 s 23(3)–(4), 396 ss 138–141, 407, 413, 416, 426 s 23(3)–(5), 404 s 138(1)(a), 409 s 23(4), 396–7 s 138(1)(c), 408 s 23(4)–(5), 397 s 138(3), 408 s 24, 232–4, 400, 404 s 139, 406–7, 416, 427 ss 24–25, 396 s 139(1)(a), 409 s 24(2), 399 s 140, 406–7, 416, 427 s 24(3), 399 s 140(1)(a), 409 s 24(4), 400 s 140(1)(c), 408, 416 s 25(1), 396, 402–3 s 141, 406–7, 416, 427 s 27, 112, 396 s 141(1)(d), 416 s 27(1), 396, 404 s 142, 407, 416, 427 s 27(2), 399 s 142(a), 407, 416–17 s 27(2)(b), 399 s 142(b), 407, 416–18 s 27(2)(c), 399 s 142(c), 407, 416, 418–21 s 27(2)(d), 399 s 142(c)(i), 407 s 51, 432–3, 442 s 142(c)(ii), 407 s 51(2), 433 s 142(c)(iii), 407 s 51(3), 433 s 142(d), 416, 421–3 s 51AB(1), 454 s 143, 406, 424 s 51AC, 458 s 144, 406 s 52, 432, 442 s 145, 406, 408 s 52(1), 433 s 146, 406, 408, 426 s 52(2), 434 s 147, 406, 411–12 s 53, 432, 442 s 148, 407 s 53(1), 434 s 149, 407, 426 s 53(3), 434 s 149(1), 426 s 53(4), 434 s 149(2), 426 s 54, 425, 432, 435, 442 s 150, 424 s 54(2), 435 s 150(1), 426 s 54(3), 435 s 150(2), 426 s 55, 432, 436, 442 s 224, 463 s 55(3), 436 s 232, 463 s 56, 96, 425, 432, 436–7, 442 s 232(3), 403 s 57, 152, 432, 443 s 236, 403, 407, 463 s 57(2), 437 s 237, 403, 407, 463 s 58, 432, 437, 440, 443 s 243, 407 s 59, 432, 437, 443 s 246, 403 s 59(1), 440 s 250, 403 s 60, 438–9 s 259(2)(a), 440 ss 60–61(1), 438 s 259(2)(b), 441 s 61, 438 s 259(3), 440

Table of statutes liii

Australian Consumer Law (cont.) s 7(1A), 357 s 259(4), 425–6, 440–2 s 7(2), 366 s 259(6), 441 s 7(2)(b), 360 s 260, 440 s 7(3), 357, 360 s 262, 441 s 12, 355 s 263(3), 441 s 15(5), 381 s 263(3)(b), 441 s 16, 355 s 264, 441 s 18(1), 355 s 271, 425, 442 s 18(2)(b), 355 s 271(2), 441 s 18(3), 355 s 271(4), 441 s 18(8), 355 s 272, 425, 441 s 18(8A), 355 s 273, 426 s 18(8AA), 355 s 274, 426 s 19(1), 356 s 274(2), 425, 442 s 20B(1), 356 s 274(4), 425, 442 s 20B(2), 356 s 276, 425, 442 s 20B(4), 356 s 276A(2), 425–6, 442 s 20B(8)(a), 356 s 276A(3), 425, 442 s 20B(8)(c), 356 s 276A(4), 425, 442 s 20F, 356 s 276A(4)(1), 425 s 27(1), 356 Australian Prudential Regulation Authority s 27(2)(a), 357 Act 1998, 22 s 27(2)(b), 357 Australian Securities and Investments s 30, 381 Commission Act 2001, 21, 294, 296, s 30(1), 371 445, 464–5, 495 s 35, 357 pt 2 div 2, 293 s 35A, 357 s 12CA, 445 s 40, 361, 380 ss 12CA–12CC, 21 s 40(1), 368 s 12CB, 445 s 40(1)(a), 369 s 12CC, 445, 456 s 40(1)(b), 369 s 12DA, 492 s 40(1)(c), 368 s 12ED(1), 294 s 40(1)(da), 364, 368 Banking Act 1959, 22 s 40(1)(g), 369, 373 Banking Regulations 1966 s 40(1)(g)(i)–(ii), 370 reg 16.02(2), 370 s 40(1)(ha), 369 Bankruptcy Act 1924 s 40(1)(hb), 369 s 95, 287 s 40(1)(hc), 369 Bankruptcy Act 1966, 222, 352, 357, 364 s 40(1)(hd), 369 pt IV div 2A, 365–6 s 40(1)(i), 369 pt X, 365, 369 s 40(3), 369 pt X div 2, 356 s 40(7), 369 s 4(1), 361 s 41, 370 s5,366, 380 s 41(2), 370–1 s 5(1), 366–7, 377, 380–2 s 41(3)(c)(i), 369 s 6D, 353 s 41(5), 370, 372 s7,357, 360 s 41(6), 372 s 7(1), 357, 366 s 41(6A), 371

liv Table of statutes

s 41(6C), 371 s 55(1), 366 s 41(7), 373 s 55(2), 366 s 43(1)(c), 368 s 55(2A), 361, 366–7 s 43(2), 365 s 55(3), 367 s 43(b)(i)–(iv), 361 s 55(3AC), 367 s 43(b)(iii), 361 s 55(3B), 367 s 44(1), 361 s 55(4A), 367 s 44(1)(a), 359, 361 s 55(6), 367 s 44(1)(c), 361, 368 s 56(1), 358 s 45, 358 s 56(7), 358 s 45(1), 360 s 56A, 368 s 45(2), 360 s 56A(1), 358 s 46(1), 360 s 56A(3), 358 s 46(2), 361 s 56B(1), 358 s 47(1A), 374 s 56B(3), 358 s 49, 374 s 56B(4), 358 s 50(1), 355 s 56C(2), 359 s 52(1), 374–5 s 56C(3)(a)–(c), 359 s 52(2), 374–5 s 56C(4), 359 s 52(2)(a), 375 s 56E, 359 s 52(2)(b), 376 s 57, 359 s 52(4), 374 s 57(2), 359 s 52(5), 374 s 57(3)–(7), 359 s 53(3AA), 367 s 57A, 367 s 54(1), 379 s 58, 378 s 54(2), 379 s 58(1), 355–6, 377–8 s 54(3), 379 s 58(1)(b), 355 s 54(4), 379 s 58(2), 378 s 54(5), 379 s 58(3), 378 s 54(6), 379 s 58(5), 378 s 54(6A), 379 s 58(5A), 378 s 54(7), 379 s 58A, 355, 378 s 54A, 364–5, 368 s 58A(1), 378 s 54A(1), 366 s 58A(2), 378 s 54A(2), 365 s 59A, 378 s 54B, 365 s 73, 383 s 54B(b), 365 ss 73–76, 383 s 54B(f ), 365 s 77, 379 s 54C(2), 367 s 77(1)(a), 380 s 54D, 365 s 77(1)(a)(i), 381 s 54E, 367 s 77(1)(c), 380 s 54E(2), 366 s 77(1)(d), 380 s 54E(3), 366 s 77(1)(f ), 381 s 54F, 366 s 77(2), 383 s 54G, 366 s 77A, 381 s 54H, 366 s 77AA, 381 s 54L, 366 s 77C, 381 s 55, 379 s 78(1), 380–1

Table of statutes lv

Bankruptcy Act 1966 (cont.) Bankruptcy (Estate Charges) Act 1997, 352 s 78(1)(d), 381 Bankruptcy Regulations 1996, 353, 365 s 78(1)(f ), 381 reg 4.02, 371 s 81, 380–2 reg 4.02(1), 370 s 81(1), 381 reg 4.02(3), 370 s 81(13), 382 reg 4.05(3), 374 s 81(1B), 382 reg 4.11, 365 s 81(2), 382 reg 16.01(1), 370 s 81(11AA), 382 Competition and Consumer Act 2010, 20, 73, s 81(12), 382 207, 394 s 81A, 381 pt VI, 494 s 96-1, 353 s 51AE, 37 s 115, 360 s 131A, 445, 492 s 115(1), 367 s 296, 465 s 116, 362 sch 2, 392, 445, 469, 492 s 116(1), 377 Competition and Consumer Legislation s 116(2), 377 Amendment Act 2011, 453, 456 s 120, 378 Competition and Consumer Regulations s 121, 378 2010, 437 s 122, 378 Competition and Consumer (Industry s 130, 380 Codes – Franchising) Regulations s 130(1), 381 2014 s 130(2), 381 Sch 1, 37 s 135(5A), 292 Constitution s 149, 383 s 51(xxvi), 352 s 153A, 383 Copyright Act 1968, 24 s 153B, 383 s 196(1), 55 s 156A(1), 356 Corporations Act 1989 s 156A(3), 356, 378 s 567(5), 287–8 s 156A(3)(a), 356 Corporations Act 2001, 21, 23, 30, 43–4, 127, s 160, 378 353, 357, 445 s 188, 365, 367, 369 pt 5.4, 357 s 264C, 380 s9,46–7 s 306, 371, 375 s 45A(1), 47 s 306(1), 371 s 45A(2)–(3), 47 s 307, 374 s 58AA, 353 s 308(c), 358 s 95A, 48, 362 s 309, 370 s 112, 46 s 309(2), 374 s 112(2)(b), 47 s 315, 353 s 113(1), 47 sch 2 s 20-5(1), 356 s 114, 47 sch 2 s 20-10(1), 356 s 115(1), 32 sch 2 s 20-20(3), 356 s 115(2), 32 sch 2 s 75-10, 379 s 118, 45 sch 2 ss 75-10–75-50, 379 ss 126–127, 48 sch 2 s 75-15(1), 379 s 134, 47 sch 2 s 75-25(1), 379 s 141, 47 sch 2 s 96-1(a), 356 s 148(2), 46–7

lvi Table of statutes

s 180, 49 s9,37 s 181, 49 s 10(2), 37 s 182, 49 s 11, 37 s 183, 49 s 20, 37 s 250N(3), 48 s 22, 37 s 260A, 46 s 23, 37 s 260D, 46 s 24, 38 s 286, 48 ss 24–25, 38 s 292, 48 s 25, 38 s 298, 48 s 25(1)(b), 38 s 459A, 48 s 25(4), 38 s 459C(2), 368 s 25(5), 38 s 459E, 368 s 25(6), 38 s 459P, 48 s 26, 38 s 461, 49 ss 26–29, 38 s 568(1), 293 s 27, 38 s 568(1B), 293 s 27(3), 38 s 588FA(1), 287 s 28, 38 s 588FH, 288 s 29(2), 38 s 588G, 46, 301 Fringe Beneﬁts Tax Assessment Act 1986, 22 s 596AC, 46 Income Tax Assessment Act 1936, 22 s 991A, 445 Income Tax Assessment Act 1997, 22 sch 2, 353 Insolvency Law Reform Act 2016, 353 Corporations Regulations 2001 Insurance Contracts Act 1984, 305–6 reg 2A.1.01(1), 32 div 3, 337 reg 2A.1.01(2), 32 preamble, 306 Designs Act 2003, 24 pt II, 314 Electronic Transactions Act 1999 s8,510, 512 s 10, 15 s 9(1), 306 s 14(1), 9 s 11(1), 309, 334 Family Law Act 1975, 353 s 11(6), 307 Family Law Rules 2004, 353 s 11(9), 324 Federal Circuit Court (Bankruptcy) Rules s 11(10), 324 2016, 353 s 11(10)(b), 324 Federal Court (Bankruptcy) Rules 2016, 353 s 12, 314, 324 rule 2.06, 374 s 13, 315, 318, 320–1, 324, 349 Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 s 13(1), 314–16 pt IVA, 413 s 13(2), 315 s 23, 403 s 13(3), 310 s 37N, 360 s 13(4), 310 Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act s 14, 319 1975, 23 s 14(1), 314 Franchising Code of Conduct s 14(2), 315 Parts 2–3, 37 s 14(3), 312, 314 s2,37 s 14A, 315 s3,37 s 14A(2), 315 s6,37 s 16, 306, 310 s8,37 s 16(1), 310

Table of statutes lvii

Insurance Contracts Act 1984 (cont.) s 29(3), 340 s 17, 310 s 29(4), 340 s 18, 310 s 29(6), 340 s 21, 314, 322–7, 329, 332, 334, 336, 349 s 29(7), 340 s 21(1), 326–31 s 30, 341 s 21(1)(a), 323–7, 338 s 31, 337, 341–3 s 21(1)(b), 323, 326–7, 338 s 31(1), 341–2 s 21(2), 327–8 s 31(2), 342 s 21(2)(a), 328 s 31(3)(a), 341 s 21(2)(b), 328 s 31(3)(b), 341 s 21(2)(c), 328 s 31(4), 342 s 21(2)(d), 329–30 s 31A, 323 s 21(3), 331, 336 s 33, 337 s 21A, 323, 331–2 s 35(2), 312 s 21A(1), 331 s 37, 312, 318 s 21A(2)–(4), 331–2 s 38(2), 309 s 21A(3), 332 s 48, 309, 333–4 s 21A(4), 332 s 48(1), 309, 333 s 21A(5), 332 s 48(2), 310 s 21A(5)(2), 332 s 48(2)–(3), 334 s 21B, 323, 332 s 48(3), 309 s 21B(3), 332 s 48A, 333 s 21B(4), 332 s 51, 345 s 21B(5), 332 s 54, 324, 343–5, 347, 349 s 21B(6), 332 s 54(1), 343–5, 347 s 21B(7)–(10), 332 s 54(2), 343–4 s 21B(12), 332 s 54(3), 344 s 22, 323–4, 332 s 54(4), 344 s 22(1), 331 s 54(5), 344 s 22(1)(a), 323 s 54(6)(a), 344 s 22(1)(b), 323 s 56, 345–7, 349 s 22(1)(c), 323 s 56(1), 346 s 22(1)(d), 324 s 56(2), 346–7 s 22(5), 324 s 56(3), 347 s 23, 335 s 58(2), 347 ss 23–27, 335, 349 s 58(3), 347 s 24, 335 s 58(4), 347 s 26(1), 335 s 58(5), 347 s 26(2), 336 s 58(6), 347 s 27, 336–7 s 59, 348 s 28, 334, 337–40 s 59(1), 348 ss 28–29, 349 s 59A, 348 s 28(1), 337 s 59A(2), 348 s 28(2), 325, 337–8, 341 s 60, 348 s 28(3), 337–40, 345 s 60(1), 294 s 29, 340–1 s 63, 348 s 29(1), 121–2 s 75(1), 308 s 29(2), 340–1 s 75(1)(b), 348

lviii Table of statutes

Insurance Contracts Amendment Act 2013, s 12, 220, 223, 254 305, 348 s 12(1), 223 Insurance Contracts Regulations 2017 s 12(2), 223–4 reg 6(2), 331 s 12(3), 223–5, 247–8 reg 6(3), 331 s 12(5), 226 Life Insurance Act 1995, 22 s 12(6), 226 s 9(1), 307 s 13, 220, 225, 248 s 9(1)(a), 307 s 13(1)(e), 220 s 9(1)(b)–(g), 307 s 14, 247 Marine Insurance Act 1909, 306–7 s 14(1), 247 National Consumer Credit Protection Act s 14(1)(a), 247 2009 s 14(1)(b), 247 sch 1, 272, 294 s 14(1)(c), 248 National Credit Code s 19, 227 s4,294 s 19(2), 232 s8,294 s 20, 224, 227, 229–31 s 55, 267, 272, 285, 294 s 20(1), 230 s 55(3), 267 s 20(2), 230 s 56, 282, 294 s 21, 227, 230–1, 248 s 60(1), 294 s 21(2), 231–2, 235 s 61, 294 s 21(2)(a), 232 ss 76–77, 294 s 21(2)(b), 232 Olympic Insignia Protection Act 1987, 24 s 21(2)(c), 232 Partnership Act 1997 s 21(2)(c)(i)–(v), 234 Part 3, 34 s 21(2)(c)(vi), 234 Patents Act 1990, 24 s 24, 232–4 Personal Property Securities Act 2009, 105, s 24(1), 234 127, 130, 197, 218, 352 s 24(2), 234 ch 9, 221 ss 25–29, 234 pt 2.5, 238 s 27, 234 pt 2.6, 245 s 31, 236 pt 4, 225 s 31(1)(a), 236 pt 5.3, 232 s 31(1)(b)–(e), 237 pt 7.4, 238 s 31(2), 237 pt 8.2, 235 s 31(3), 236 s8,222 s 32, 237–8, 243 s 8(1)(a), 227 s 43, 231, 238–9 s 8(1)(b), 222, 227 s 43(1), 239 s 8(1)(c), 222, 227 s 43(2), 239 s 8(1)(d), 222 s 44, 239–40 s 8(1)(f ), 227 s 44(1), 240 s 8(1)(g), 222 s 44(2), 240 s 8(1)(i), 222 s 45(1), 154, 242 s 8(1)(j), 222–3, 227 s 45(3), 242 s 8(1)(jb), 227 s 45(4), 242 s 8(1)(k), 223 s 46, 242–3 s 10, 220–1, 223, 225, 232, 240, 245, 249–50, s 46(1), 243 254 s 46(2)(a), 244

Table of statutes lix

Personal Property Securities Act 2009 (cont.) Superannuation Industry (Supervision) Act s 46(2)(b), 244 1993, 22 s 47, 244–5 Trade Marks Act 1995, 24 s 47(2), 245 Trade Practices Act 1974, 392–4, 404, 410, s 52(3), 249 429–30, 442 s 55, 232, 245–6 div 2, 406 s 55(2), 246 div 2 pt 4, 411 s 55(3), 231, 246 div 2A, 406, 412 s 55(4), 246 pt V div 2, 431 s 55(5)(a)–(c), 246 pt V div 2A, 431 s 56, 234 pt VA, 412–13, 415, 417–18 s 57, 246 s 51(3), 458 s 57(1), 235 s 51A, 490 s 57(2), 235 s 51AA, 450–1, 455, 458 s 61, 81 s 51AB, 450, 454–5, 458 s 62, 248–9 s 51AB(2), 454–5 s 62(1), 247 s 51AC, 450, 452, 454–5, 460 s 62(2), 249–50 s 51AC(1), 462 s 62(2)(b)(i), 250 s 51AC(3), 455 s 109, 225 s 52, 294, 469, 471–2, 474, 478–9, 486, 490, s 153(1), 232, 249 495 s 160, 232 s 74, 430 s 161, 220 s 74A, 409, 411–12, 431 s 254, 125 s 74A(3), 412 s 267, 235 s 74A(4), 411–12 s 268, 236 s 74B, 411 s 343, 251 s 74D, 411 Personal Property Securities (Consequential s 74E, 411 Amendment) Act 2009, 218 s 74G, 411 Personal Property Securities Amendment s 75AC, 422 (PPS Leases) Act 2017, 220, 252 s 75AC(1), 414 Personal Property Securities Regulations s 75AD, 411, 413, 419–20, 422 2010 s 75AG, 413 sch 1 reg 2.2, 240, 242 s 75AK(1)(a), 417 sch 1 reg 2.2(1)(a), 240 s 75AK(c), 419–20 sch 1 reg 2.2(1)(a)(i), 240 Trade Practices Amendment (Australian sch 1 reg 2.2(1)(b), 240 Consumer Law) Act (No 2) 2010, 397 sch 1 reg 2.2(1)(c), 240 Treasury Laws Amendment (2018 Measures sch 1 reg 5.5 cl 3.1, 249 No 3) Bill 2018, 465 sch 22, 232 Treasury Laws Amendment (Australian Plant Breeder’s Rights Act 1994, 24 Consumer Law Review) Act 2018, Privacy Act 1988, 354 465 Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, 352, 355 Treasury Laws Amendment (Australian Property Securities Act 2009, 218 Consumer Law Review) Bill 2018, Public Governance, Performance and 464 Accountability Act 2013, 22, 24 Treasury Legislation Amendment (Small Public Service Act 1999, 22 Business and Unfair Contract Terms) Reserve Bank Act 1959, 23 Act 2015, 397

lx Table of statutes

Australian Capital Territory s2,31 Associations Incorporation Act 1991 s 17, 33 Part 7, 43 s 20, 32 s 112, 42 s 24, 31 Partnership Act 1892 s 25, 33 ss 32–35, 33 Sale of Goods Act 1923, 73, 132 Partnership Act 1963 s3,105–6 Part 6, 34 s5,76, 118 s6,30 s6,118, 132 s7,31 s 13, 80, 133 s 21, 33 s 13(2), 12 s 24, 32 s 17, 100 s 29, 31 s 18, 81 s 30, 33 s 19, 87, 96 ss 37–40, 33 ss 21–3, 243 Sale of Goods Act 1954, 73, 132 s 23, 77, 107 s5,105–6 s 26(1), 112 s6,118, 132 s 27, 121 s 13, 80, 133 s 28, 57 s 13(2), 12 s 28(1), 123 s 17, 100 s 33(1), 140 s 18, 81 s 36, 141 s 19, 87, 96 s 38(1), 146 s 23, 77, 107 s 40, 141 s 26(1), 112 Sale of Goods (Vienna Convention) Act s 27, 121 1986, 517 s 29(2), 123 Trustee Act 1925, 39 Trustee Act 1925, 39 Trustee and Guardianship Act 2009, 366

New South Wales Northern Territory Associations Incorporation Act 2009 Associations Act 2003 Part 7, 43 Part 8, 43 Contracts Review Act 1980, 267, 286, 294–6 Partnership Act 1997 s 6(1), 295 s5,30 s 6(2), 295 s6,31 s 7(1), 279, 294 s 21, 33 s 9(1), 295 s 24, 32 s 9(2), 295–6 s 28, 31 ss 12CA–12CB, 296 s 29, 33 ss 20–21, 296 ss 36–39, 33 Fair Trading Amendment (Unfair Contract Sale of Goods Act 1972, 73, 132 Terms) Act 2010, 395 s5,105–6 Limitation Act 1969, 63 s6,132 Minors (Property and Contracts) Act 1970 s 13, 80, 133 s 47, 279 s 13(2), 12 Partnership Act 1892 s 17, 100 Part 3, 33 s 18, 81 s1,30 s 19, 87, 96

Table of statutes lxi

Sale of Goods Act 1972 (cont.) Part 3, 33 s 23, 77, 107 s1,30 s 26(1), 112 s2,31 s 27, 121 s 17, 33 s 28(2), 123 s 20, 32 Trustee Act, 39 s 24, 31 s 25, 33 South Australia ss 32–35, 33 Associations Incorporation Act 1981 Sale of Goods Act 1895, 73, 132 Part 10, 43 s1,132 Partnership Act 1891 s4,118 Chapter 4, 34 s8,80, 133 s5,30 s 8(2), 12 s6,31 s 12, 100 s 20, 33 s 13, 81 s 23, 32 s 14, 87, 96 s 27, 31 s 18, 77, 107 s 28, 33 s 21(1), 112 s 32(b), 31 s 23, 121 ss 35–38, 33 s 25(1), 123 Property Law Act 1974 s 34, 147, 149 s 56, 272 s 35, 147, 149 Sale of Goods Act 1896, 73, 132 s 60, 105–6 s3,105–6, 118 Trustee Act 1936, 39 s4,132 s 11, 80, 133 Tasmania s 11(2), 12 Associations Incorporation Act 1964 s 14(3), 143 ss 34–34A, 43 s 15, 100 Mercantile Law Act 1935 s 16, 81 s6,272 s 17, 87, 96 Minors Contracts Act 1988 s 21, 107 s4,279 s 24(1), 112 Partnership Act 1891 s 25, 121 Part 3, 33 s 27(1), 123 s6,30 Trusts Act 1973, 39 s7,31 s 22, 33 Queensland s 25, 32 Associations Incorporation Act 1985 s 29, 31 Part 5, 43 s 30, 33 s 60, 42 ss 37–40, 33 Minors Contracts (Miscellaneous Provisions) Sale of Goods Act 1896, 73, 132 Act 1979 s3,105–6 s5,279 s6,132 Misrepresentation Act 1972 s 13, 80, 133 s 6(1), 132 s 13(2), 12 Partnership Act 1891 s 17, 100 Chapter 3, 33 s 18, 81

lxii Table of statutes

s 19, 87, 96 s 23, 77, 107–8, 130 s 23, 77, 107 s23r1,108, 143 s 26(1), 112 s23r2,108–9 s 28, 121 s23r3,109 s 30(2), 123 s23r4,110 Trustee Act 1898, 39 s23r5,110–11 s 27, 112–14, 117–18 Victoria s 29, 121–2 Associations Incorporation Reform Act 2012 s 30, 123 Part 10, 43 s 31, 123, 125 – Australian Consumer Law and Fair Trading s 35, 138 9, 159 Act 2012 s 36, 139, 159 s 31, 81 s 37, 140, 145 s 32FA, 81 s 37(4), 140 – Chattel Securities Act 1987 s 38, 142, 151 2 s 3(1), 127 s 39, 139 – s 7(1), 127 s 41, 143 4 Conveyancing and Law of Property Act s 41(1), 144 1881, 434 s 41(2), 144 – Credit Act 1984 s 42, 143 4 s 140, 279 s 45, 154 – Fair Trading Act 1999, 392 s 46, 154 6 pt 2B, 395 s 47, 156 Fair Trading Amendment (Unfair Contract s 48, 157 – Terms) Act 2010, 395 s 49, 156 7 Goods Act 1958, 73 s 50, 157 – s3,75–6, 105–6 s 51, 157 8 s6,75 s 52, 158 s 6(1), 75, 132 s 53, 158 s 10, 106 s 53(3), 158 s 13, 80, 134 s 53(4), 158 – s 13(1)–(2), 133 s 55, 154 5 s 13(2), 12, 80, 135 s 56, 155 s 14, 135 s 57, 152 s 17, 81 s 57(2), 152 ss 17–20, 80–1, 103 s 57(3), 152 s 17(a), 100, 103 s 58, 153 s 17(b), 102–3 s 59, 150 s 17(c), 102–3 s 59(2), 150 s 18, 81–2, 96, 103 s 59(3), 151 s 19, 81, 87, 93, 103 s 61, 81 s 19(b), 96, 103 s 65, 118 – s 20, 81, 98–9, 103 ss 65 81, 118 – s 20(1), 99–100 s 67, 118 19 s 21, 106 Partnership Act 1958 ss 21–33, 106 Part 3, 33 s 22, 107, 125 Part 5, 34 s 22(2), 107 Part 5 div 6, 357

Table of statutes lxiii

Partnership Act 1958 (cont.) Canada 30 s5, Personal Property Security Act RSS 1993, 218 s6,31 s 21, 33 New Zealand s 24, 32 Law Reform Act 1936 s 28, 31 s9,413–14 s 29, 33 Personal Property Securities Act 1999, 218 ss 36–39, 33 Property Law Act 1958 United Kingdom s 81, 298 Moneylenders Act 1927, 269 Supreme Court (General Civil Procedure) Sale of Goods Act 1893, 73, 93, 109 Rules 2015 s 12(2), 102 rule 66.10, 360 s 34, 144–5 rule 76, 360 s 34(b), 145 Trustee Act 1958, 39 s 35, 144–5 s 48, 159 Western Australia Sale of Goods Act 1952 Associations Incorporation Act 2015 ss 9(1)–(2), 133 – Parts 9 10, 43 Sale of Goods Act 1979 Credit Act 1984 s 14(3), 93 s 140, 279 s 35(1)(a), 146 Guardianship and Administration Act 1990, 366 s 35(1)(b), 146 Limited Partnerships Act 2016, 33 s 35A(2), 146 Part 4, 34 Statute of Frauds 1677, 272, 274 Partnership Act 1895 Supply of Goods (Implied Terms) Act 1973, 93 s7,30 s8,31 United States 33 s 24, Uniform Commercial Code 32 s 30, art 9, 218 s 34, 31 s 35, 33 International instruments ss 43–46, 33 Australia–UK Free Trade Agreement, 508 Sale of Goods Act 1895, 73, 132 Australia–US Free Trade Agreement, 507 s1,132 China–Australia Free Trade Agreement, 507 s8,80, 133 art 15.2, 507 s 8(2), 12 Comprehensive Progressive Agreement for s 11, 148 Trans-Paciﬁc Partnership, 505–6 s 12, 100 Regional Comprehensive Economic s 13, 81 Partnership Agreement, 505 s 14, 87, 96 Trans-Paciﬁc Partnership Agreement, 505–7 s 18, 77, 107 art 9.1, 506 s 21(1), 112 art 9.6.3, 506 s 23, 121 art 9.19, 506 s 34, 148 art 9.24, 506 s 35, 148 art 19.19.5, 506 s 54(3), 151 arts 28.7–28.9, 506 s 60, 105–6 ch 28, 506–7 Trustees Act 1962, 39 TRIPS Agreement, 504

lxiv Table of statutes

United Nations Convention on Contracts for art 47, 523, 526 the International Sale of Goods 80, 500 art 47(1), 523 art 1(1)(a), 517 art 47(2), 523 art 1(1)(b), 517 art 48, 523 art 2, 517 art 48(1), 523 art 4, 517 art 48(2), 523 art 5, 517 art 49, 526 art 6, 517 art 50, 526 art 11, 518 art 53, 521 art 12, 517–18 art 54, 521 art 14, 518 art 61, 526 arts 14–24, 517 art 61(1), 526 art 15(1), 518 art 62, 526 art 15(2), 518 arts 62–65, 526 art 16(1), 518 art 63, 523, 526 art 16(2)(a), 518 art 63(1), 523 art 18(1), 518 art 63(2), 524 art 18(2), 518 art 64, 526 art 23, 517 art 65(1), 526 art 25, 525 art 66, 522 art 30, 521 art 67, 522 arts 31–52, 518 arts 67–70, 522 art 31(a), 521 art 67(1), 522 art 33, 521 art 67(2), 522 art 34, 521 art 68, 522 art 35, 518–19 art 69, 522 art 35(1), 518 art 69(1), 522 art 35(2), 519 art 70, 522–3 art 35(3), 519 art 71(1), 524 art 36, 518–19 art 71(3), 524 art 36(1), 520, 522 art 74, 526 art 36(2), 520 arts 74–76, 526 art 38, 520 arts 74–77, 525–6 art 38(1), 520 art 79(1), 524 art 39(1), 520 art 79(2), 524 art 41, 520 art 79(3), 524 art 42, 520 art 79(4), 524 art 42(1), 521 art 81, 526 art 42(2)(b), 521 arts 81–83, 525–6 art 43, 521 art 81(1), 526 art 44, 520 art 85, 523 art 45, 526 art 86(1), 523 arts 45–52, 518 art 95, 517 arts 46–52, 525 ch II, 518 art 46(1), 526 ch II s III, 518 art 46(2), 526 preamble, 516 art 46(3), 526

Table of statutes lxv

AAT Australian Trade Commission ABN Australian Business Number ACCC Australian Competition and Consumer Commission ACL Australian Consumer Law ACLFTA Australian Consumer Law and Fair Trading Act 2012 (Vic) ACN Australian Company Number AfCFTA African Continental Free Trade Area AFSA Australian Financial Security Authority AGM annual general meeting ALRC Australian Law Reform Commission APRA Australian Prudential Regulation Authority ASIC Australian Securities and Investments Commission ASX Australian Securities Exchange Ltd ATO Australian Taxation Ofﬁce AUSFTA Australia–United States Free Trade Agreement BL bill of lading CAANZ Consumer Affairs Australia and New Zealand CCA Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) CCLAA Competition and Consumer Legislation Amendment Act 2011 (Cth) ChAFTA China–Australia Free Trade Agreement CIF cost, insurance and freight contract CISG Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods COAG Council of Australian Governments CPTPP Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Paciﬁc Partnership Cth Commonwealth DFAT Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade DNS Domain Name System EGM extraordinary general meeting EU European Union FATA Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Act 1975 (Cth) FIP foreign investment policy FIRB Foreign Investment Review Board FOB free on board contract FTA free trade agreement GATS General Agreement on Trade in Services GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

lxvi

GSA general security agreement GST goods and services tax ICANN Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers ICC International Chamber of Commerce IGAACL Intergovernmental Agreement for the Australian Consumer Law IP intellectual property IPRB Insolvency Practice Rules (Bankruptcy) IPSB Insolvency Practice Schedule (Bankruptcy) ISDS investor–state dispute settlememt MFN most favoured nation NFP not for profit NPII National Personal Insolvency Index PMSI purchase money security interest PPSA Personal Property Securities Act 2009 (Cth) PPSR Personal Property Securities Register RBA Reserve Bank of Australia RCEP Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership ROT retention of title SI security interest SME small and medium-sized enterprise SP secured party TFN tax file number TPA Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement TRIPS Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights UCC Uniform Commercial Code (United States) UK United Kingdom US United States USTR United States Trade Representative WTO World Trade Organization

Abbreviations lxvii

Dilan Thampapillai is a Senior Lecturer with the ANU College of Law at the Australian National University. Dilan has significant expertise in artificial intelligence, copyright and contract law. Prior to becoming an academic, Dilan was a government lawyer with the Attorney-General’s Department and the Australian Government Solicitor. He has advised on treaties, copyright law and commercial matters. He convenes and lectures Commercial Law, Contract Law and Advanced Contracts. Dilan has published widely on contracts, commercial law and copyright law. His academic work has been published in a number of important journals including the University of Queensland Law Journal, Law in Context, the University of Tasmania Law Review and the Australian Intellectual Property Journal. He has recently participated in the WIPO–WTO Colloquium for IP Academics and his paper on artificial intelligence will shortly be released as part of the Colloquium Series. Claudio Bozzi is a Lecturer at Deakin University, where he teaches the rules of proceedings, equity, and trusts. He is the supervisor of the New Ventures Clinic, which operates as a professional law firm providing legal assistance to start-ups and entrepreneurs who need help navigating areas of law that are rapidly changing, or are entirely new. Claudio is a barrister practising in commercial matters with a special interest in shipping and maritime law, and the legal implications of technical innovation. Mark Giancaspro is a Lecturer and practising commercial lawyer at the University of Adelaide Law School. He holds an honours degree in Laws and Legal Practice from Flinders University and a PhD from the University of Adelaide. His legal employment background and research interests are primarily commercial, with issues in contract law and its applica- tions being his principal theme. Mark teaches in contract law, commercial law, operational commercial law and sports law, and has published widely on matters including issues with the formation and renegotiation of contracts, the doctrine of consideration, and smart contracts. He currently practices through the Law School’s Legal Advice Service in the Adelaide Magistrates Court and is a member of the Australian Commercial Law Association, theAdelaideLawSchool’s Commercial Law Research Group, and the Adelaide University Research Unit on Military Law & Ethics’ (RUMLAE) commercial law division. George Yijun Tian is a Senior Lecturer and HDR Supervisor in the Faculty of Law at the University of Technology Sydney (UTS). He is also a UDRP Neutral appointed by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), and an HDR Supervisor Affiliate with the University of Sydney. George has been a Visiting Scholar of Berkman Centre for the Internet and Society at the Harvard Law School, and a Visiting Research Fellow of the Oxford IP Research Center in the Faculty of Law at the University of Oxford. His teaching and research interests include: intellectual property commercialisation, commercial law, privacy and antitrust law and cyberspace law, with a particular focus on regulatory governance issues arising from cross-border transactions. George has published extensively in international intellectual property, competition law and cyber security.

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We are grateful to the following individuals and organisations for permission to use their material in Australian Commercial Law. Extracts from Australian Commonwealth legislation: Sourced from the Federal Register of Legislation. Reproduced under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). For the latest information on Australian Government law please go to https://www.legislation .gov.au. Extracts from Commonwealth Law Reports: Reproduced with permission of Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited, legal.thomsonreuters.com.au. Extracts from Victorian legislation and parliamentary documents: © State of Victoria, Australia Copyright in all legislation of the Parliament of the State of Victoria, Australia, is owned by the Crown in right of the State of Victoria, Australia. Extracts from ICLR reports: Reproduced with permission of Incorporated Council of Law Reporting. Extracts from New South Wales Court of Appeal: Reproduced under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Extracts from New South Wales Supreme Court: Reproduced under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Extracts from Federal Court of Australia: Reproduced under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Extracts from Federal Circuit Court of Australia: Reproduced under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0). Extracts from Lloyd’s Law Reports: Reproduced with permission of Informa Law, London. The extracts from Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (Publ), Singapore Branch v Asia Paciﬁc Breweries (Singapore) Pty Ltd [2011] 3 SLR 540 and Cavenagh Investment Pte Ltd v Kaushik Rajiv [2013] 2 SLR 543 are reproduced with permission from the Singapore Academy of Law. All rights reserved. No portion of the judgment may be used or reproduced without the prior written consent of the Singapore Academy of Law. Extracts from Productivity Commission reports: sourced from Productivity Commission, https://www.pc.gov.au/, reproduced under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY 3.0 AU) licence. Extracts from ACCC A Guide to Unfair Contract Terms Law: © Commonwealth of Australia. Extract from Bankruptcy Amendment Bill: © Commonwealth of Australia 2004 Extracts from United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG): From Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, by The Secretary-General of the United Nations, ©1980 United Nations. Reprinted with the permission of the United Nations.

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Extract from ‘Introduction to the Incoterms® 2010’: © International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), https://iccwbo.org/content/uploads/sites/3/2010/01/ICC-Introduction-to- the-Incoterms-2010.pdf. Extracts from Australian Law Reports originally published by LexisNexis. Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge copyright. The publisher apologises for any accidental infringement and welcomes information that would rectify the situation.

lxx Acknowledgments