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Syllabus for NEH Institute in the 21st Century: Perpetuating the Enlightenment July 11 – August 5, 2022

Schedule of Topics, Speakers, and Readings (subject to change)

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Abbreviated references to Hume’s writings: Treatise = A Treatise of Human Nature (followed by Book, Part, section #) EPM = Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals (followed by Part, section #) EHU = Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (followed by Part, section #) Essays = Essays: Moral, Political, Literary = History of England DCNR = Dialogues Concerning Natural

Access to most readings be provided electronically. Editions of Hume’s works are readily available, including online. For instance, the website davidhume.org has acceptable editions of all of Hume’s works. (The Oxford Critical Editions of the Treatise, EPM, EHU, and DCNR are now generally considered the standard editions.)

Formal sessions each day will begin at 9 am and end at noon, with a brief break. We will have opportunities for small group meetings in the afternoons to discuss pedagogy or to meet with guest faculty on topics of special interest. Afternoon participation is optional.

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Sat-Sun July 9-10 Check in on campus – Information to come July 10 Welcoming social – Information to come ______

Week 1 Hume’s and / Hume on the

Mon-Tues July 11-12 Introduction and welcome (Co-directors Angela Coventry and Elizabeth Radcliffe)

Naturalism and Skepticism (Don Garrett, NYU) Evidence and the Correction of Skeptical Doubts: Hume writes in An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding that the “undistinguished doubts" of 2

"excessive skepticism ... are, in some measure, corrected by common sense and reflection.” How, within Hume's of evidence, does this correction occur? How does it allow Hume to combine mitigated skepticism with naturalism?

Readings: 1. Hume, EHU: Sections 4-6, and 12 2. Hume, Treatise: 1.1.3.1-2, 1.3.7.3, 1.3.8.11-12, 1.3.10.11-12, 1.3.13.1-3, 1.3.13.9, 1.4.2.41, 1.4.5.30, 1.4.7.7, 3.3.1.14-18 3. Reid, Thomas. Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man: Essay II, Chapter 20

Supplemental Readings: 1. Hume, EHU: Section 10 2. Hume, DCNR: Part 1 3. Garrett, Don. Hume (Routledge 2015): Chapters 4-5

Weds-Thurs July 13-14 Naturalism and Skepticism (Paul Russell, UBC and Lund) Hume’s irreligious views in the context of his naturalism and his skepticism

Readings: 1. Hume's Treatise / Hobbes's Leviathan 2. Paul Russell, Riddle of Hume's Treatise (2008), esp. Chs. 1-6, 17-20. 3. Paul Russell, "Hume's of Irreligion and the Myth of British ", in P. Russell, ed. Oxford Handbook of David Hume (2016). 4. Paul Russell (and Anders Kraal), “Hume on Religion,” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/hume-religion/

Fri July 15 Hume on Space, and Passions (Angela Coventry, Portland State) Hume’s treatment of space and time is examined, particularly in relation to the passions.

Readings: Hume, Treatise 1.1-2 and 2.3.7-8

Supplemental Readings: 1. Lorne Falkenstein, “Hume on Manners of Disposition and the Ideas of Space and Time.” Archiv für Geschichte der Philosophie 79 (2). 1997: 179-201. 2. Marina Frasca-Spada, Space and the Self in Hume's Treatise, Cambridge: Cambridge Press, 1998, especially Chapters 1-2 3

3. Donald Baxter, “Hume on Space and Time,” In Paul Russell (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of David Hume, Oxford: Oxford University Press USA, 2014. 4. Don Garrett, Hume, Routledge, 2015, chapter 2 5. Jonathan Cottrell, “Hume on Space and Time: A Limited Defense,” in Angela M. Coventry and Alexander Sager (eds), The Humean Mind, New York: Routledge, 2019

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Week 2 Moral Psychology / and Society / Economics

Mon July 18 Hume’s Moral Psychology (Elizabeth Radcliffe, William & Mary) Hume’s theory of the passions and as background to his moral theory: How does Hume’s theory differ from other early modern theories of the passions? What are the respective roles of passion and reason in producing action? Does Hume think there is any way of moderating the passions, given that he argues that reason cannot do it? Finally, what is the role of passion in moral judgment and in moral ?

Readings: 1. Hume, T 2.3, 3.1 2. Hume, EPM Part 1, Appendix 1

Supplemental Readings: 1. Rachel Cohon, Hume’s Morality (Oxford University Press 2008), Chaps. 3-4. 2. P.J.E. Kail, Projection and Realism in Hume’s Philosophy (OUP 2007), Chap 8. 3. Elizabeth Radcliffe, Hume, Passion, and Action (OUP, 2018), Introduction, Chaps. 2 & 6.

Tues July 19 Hume on Morality (Geoffrey Sayre-McCord, UNC Chapel Hill) Hume and taking up “the general point of ” in moral judgment; how this point of view connects with the natural , such as gratitude and benevolence. Readings: 1. Hume, Treatise 3.1.1-2, 3.3.1, 3.3.3-5 2. Sayre-McCord, “On Why Hume’s ‘General Point of View’ Isn’t Ideal -- and Shouldn’t Be,” in & Policy, volume 11, number 1 (Winter 1994), pp. 202-228. 3. Sayre-McCord, “Hume and Smith on Sympathy, Approbation, and Moral Judgment,” in Social Philosophy and Policy, 2013, vol. 30, #1-2, pp. 208-236. 4

Weds July 20 Hume on Society (Geoffrey Sayre-McCord) The general point of view and artificial virtues such as honesty and .

Readings: 1. Hume, Treatise 3.2.1-6 2. Sayre-McCord, "Hume and the Bauhaus Theory of ,” Midwest Studies in Philosophy, Vol. XX (University of Notre Dame Press, 1996), pp. 280-298. 3. Sayre-McCord, “Hume on the Artificial Virtues,” in the Oxford Handbook of David Hume, edited by Paul Russell (Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 435- 469.

Thurs-Fri July 21-22 Hume’s Economics (Margaret Schabas, University of British Columbia) A study of Hume’s key texts on economic theory, including his essays on money, the interest rate, and trade; Hume’s efforts to forge policies on public finance; Hume’s vision for economic prosperity, both national and global.

Readings: 1. From the Liberty On-line text of Hume’s Essays (pp. 253-365): “Of Commerce,” Of Refinement in the Arts,” “Of Money,” “Of Interest,” “Of the Balance of Trade,” “Of the Jealousy of Trade,” “Of Taxes,” and “Of Public Credit.” 2. Margaret Schabas and Carl Wennerlind, “Hume on Money, Commerce, and the Science of Economics,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 25.3 (Summer 2011): 217-30.

Supplemental Readings: 1. Margaret Schabas, “’Let Your Science Be Human’: David Hume and the Honourable Merchant,” European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 21.6 (December 2014): 977 - 990. 2. Margaret Schabas, “Hume on Economic Well-”. Continuum Companion to David Hume. Eds. Alan Bailey and Dan O’Brien. Continuum Press, 2012. Reprinted in paperback as The Bloomsbury Companion to Hume. Bloomsbury, 2015. 332-48. 3. Carl Wennerlind, “David Hume’s : A Theory of Commercial Modernization,” Hume Studies 28.2 (2002): 247-70. 4. Carl Wennerlind, “David Hume’s Monetary Theory Revisited: Was He Really a Quantity Theorist and an Inflationist?” Journal of Political Economy. February 2005. Vol. 113. No. 1: 223-37.

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Week 3 Hume the Historian / Non- / Race

Mon July 25 David Hume, the Historian (Mark Spencer, Brock) An introduction to Hume’s monumental work, A History of England.

Readings: 1. Selections from Hume’s History of England, ed. by William Todd (Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1983): • Vol. V, Section on “The king’s [Charles I] trial – And execution – And character,” pp. 535-48. • Vol. V, “Appendix to the Reign of James I,” pp. 124-55. • Vol. VI, Section on “Manners, arts and science,” pp. 530-45. • Vol. IV, “Appendix III [to the Reign of Elizabeth],” pp. 354-86. 2. Mark G. Spencer, “Hume the Historian,” in Angela M. Coventry and Alexander Sager, eds, The Humean Mind (New York: Routledge, 2019), pp. 287-99.

Supplemental Reading: Mark G. Spencer, “Was David Hume, the Historian, a Plagiarist? A Submission from His History of England,” CLIO: A Journal of , History, and the , Vol. 47, Issue 1 (2019), pp. 25-50.

Tues July 26 David Hume, the Historian, cont. (Mark Spencer)

Readings: 1. Selections from Hume’s History of England, ed. by William Todd (Indianapolis, IN: Liberty Fund, 1983): • Vol. I, “Appendix I: The Anglo-Saxon Government and Manners,” pp. 160-85. • Vol. I, “Appendix II: The Feudal and Anglo-Norman Government and Manners,” pp. 455-88. • Vol. II, Last paragraphs that Hume writes for his History, pp. 518-25. 2. E. C. Mossner, “Hume as Literary Patron: A Suppressed Review of Robert Henry’s ‘History of Great Britain,’ 1773,” Modern Philology, Vol. 39, No. 4 (1942), pp. 361-82. 3. F. L. van Holthoon, “Hume and the End of History,” in Mark G. Spencer, ed. David Hume: Historical Thinker, Historical Writer (University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2013), pp. 143-62.

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Supplemental Reading: Roger L. Emerson and Mark G. Spencer, “A Bibliography for Hume’s History of England: A Preliminary View,” Hume Studies, Vol. 40, No. 1 (Apr. 2014), 53-71.

Weds-Thurs July 27-28 Hume and Non-Western Philosophy (Jay Garfield, Smith and Harvard) Homologies between Hume’s Indian Mādhyamikas’ treatment of custom, the self, and ethical cultivation.

Readings: 1. Selections from Garfield, The Concealed Influence of Custom: Hume's Treatise from the Inside Out. 2. Garfield, “Hume as a Western Mādhyamika,” in G Davis, ed., Ethics Without Self; Dharma Without Atman: Western and Buddhist Philosophical Traditions in Dialogue. London: Routledge. (2018), pp. 131-144. 3. Selections from Cowherds, Moonshadows: Conventional in . 4. Selections from Cowherds, Moonpaths: Ethics and Emptiness. 5. Selections from Milindapañha. 6. Selections from Candrakīrti, Madhyamakāvatāra-bhāṣya. 7. Selections from Śāntideva, Bodhicāryāvatāra.

Fri July 29 Hume and Race (Andre Willis, Brown) Hume’s “” Science of Human Nature? Race-based slavery and “Religion” as a racialized form in Hume's writings.

Readings: (Assumes Hume's Treatise, EHU, NHR, DCNR, Essays, etc. to be foundational) 1. Eze, Emmanuel C. (2000). “Hume, Race, and Human Nature.” Journal of the History of Ideas 61: 691–698. 2. Garrett, Aaron. (2000). “Hume’s Revised Racism Revisited.” Hume Studies 26: 171–177. 3. Garrett, Aaron. (2004). “Hume’s ‘Original ’: Race, National Character and the Human Sciences.” Eighteenth-Century Thought 2: 127–152. 4. Garrett, Aaron and Silvia Sebastiani. (2017). “David Hume on Race.” In The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy and Race, edited by , 31-44. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 5. Immerwahr, John. (1992). “Hume’s Revised Racism.” Journal of the History of Ideas 53: 481–486. 6. Palter, Robert. (1995). “Hume and Prejudice.” Hume Studies 21: 3–24. 7

7. Popkin, Richard H. (1977–1978). “Hume’s Racism.” Philosophical Forum 9 (2– 3): 211–226. 8. Popkin, Richard H. (1992). “Hume’s Racism Reconsidered.” In The Third Force in Seventeenth–Century Thought, 64–75. Leiden–New York: E. J. Brill. 9. Valls, Andrew. (2005). “A Lousy Empirical Scientist’: Reconsidering Hume’s Racism.” In Race and Racism in , edited by Andrew Valls, 127-149. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. 10. Willis, Andre C. (2018). “Hume’s Legacy Regarding Race.” In The Humean Mind, edited by Angela M. Coventry and Alex Sager, London: Routledge. 11. Willis, Andre C. (2016). “The Impact of David Hume’s Thoughts about Race for His Stance on Slavery and His Concept of Religion.” Hume Studies 42 1-2: pp. 213-239.

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Week 4 Hume and Race, Gender, Animals, and the Environment

Mon August 1 Hume and Race (Andre Willis) Topic from July 29 continued.

Readings: See above. Tues August 2 Hume and Gender (Lisa Shapiro, Simon Fraser) Hume’s remarks on women; the use of Humean moral psychology to understand the ways in which gender (and racial) roles and the evaluation of those roles are socially situated, rather than natural; the methodological question of how to understand the power of a philosophical position distinct from the prejudices of the holding that position.

Readings: 1. Hume, Treatise 3.2.12, 2. Hume, EPM, Sections 4 and 6. 3. Hume, Essays: ‘Of Polygamy and Divorces’, ‘Of Rise and Progress of the Arts and Sciences’. 4. Baier, Annette. (1979). “Good Men's Women: Hume on Chastity and Trust.” Hume Studies 5(1), 1-19. 5. Berry, Christopher J. (2019) “Lusty Women and Loose Imagination: Hume’s Philosophical Anthropology of Chastity” in Essays on Hume, Smith, and the Scottish Enlightenment. Edinburgh University Press. 6. Falkenstein, Lorne. (2015) “Without Gallantry and Without Jealousy: The Development of Hume’s Account of Sexual Virtues and Vices. Hume Studies. 8

7. Taylor, Jacqueline. Reflecting Subjects: Passion, Sympathy, and Society in Hume’s Philosophy. Chapter 2.

Supplemental Readings: 1. Hume, the withdrawn Essays: ‘Of Impudence and Modesty’ and ‘Of Love and Marriage’. 2. Baier, Annette. (1990). “Hume on Women's Complexion.” In Jones (ed.), The Science of Man in the Scottish Enlightenment. 3. Christine Battersby (1981). “An Enquiry Concerning the Humean Woman.” Philosophy 56(217), 303-312. doi:10.1017/S003181910005029

Weds August 3 Hume and Gender (Lisa Shapiro / Deborah Boyle, College of Charleston) Discussion of evidence of forgotten women in the period; the challenges of discovering whether and how these women engaged with philosophically with Hume; Catherine Macaulay’s exchange with Hume upon the publication of her History of England, which seems to have been written in part as a response to Hume’s History; Lady Mary Shepherd’s critique of Hume’s account of causation.

Readings on forgotten women philosophers: 1. Eileen O’Neill, 1998. “Disappearing ink: Early modern women philosophers and their fate in history,” In Kourany (ed) Philosophy in a feminist voice: Critiques and reconstructions, pp.17-62. 2. James Harris, Hume: An Intellectual Biography, pp.413-438. (see esp. 412-415; 421-24; 428-31)

Readings on Catherine Macaulay: 1. Primary readings TBD 2. Green, Karen, "Catharine Macaulay", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/catharine-macaulay/. 3. TBD

Readings on Lady Mary Shepherd 1. Shepherd, Lady Mary. An Essay upon the Relation of Cause and Effect (London: Printed for T. Hookham, 1824), pp. 9-135. 2. Bolton, Martha Brandt. “ and Causal Induction: The Necessitarian Theory of Lady Mary Shepherd,” in Causation and Modern Philosophy, pp. 242–261, edited by Keith Allen and Tom Stoneham, New York: Routledge, 2011. 3. Fantl, Jeremy. ‘Mary Shepherd on Causal Necessity,” Metaphysica 17, no. 1 (2016), pp. 87–108. 9

Thurs August 4 Hume on Animals (Deborah Boyle) Did Hume think nonhuman animals can make moral judgments? Are they properly the subjects of our moral evaluations? Do they have moral standing?

Readings: 1. Arnold, Denis. “Hume on the Moral Difference between Humans and Other Animals.” History of Philosophy Quarterly 12 (1995): 303-316. 2. Beauchamp, Tom. “Hume on the Nonhuman Animal.” Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 24 (1999): 322-335. 3. Boyle, Deborah. “Hume and Animal Ethics.” In The Humean Mind, ed. Angela Coventry and Alex Sager, pp. 470-480. Abingdon: Routledge, 2018. 4. Driver, Julia. “A Humean Account of the Status and Character of Animals.” In The Oxford Handbook of Animal Ethics, ed. T.L. Beauchamp and R G. Frey, pp. 144-171. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011. 5. Pitson, Anthony. “The Nature of Human Animals.” Hume Studies 19 (1993): 301-316.

Fri August 5 Hume and the Environment (Andrew Valls, Oregon State) How does Hume conceive of the relation between humans and the natural environment? Can nature, or features of the natural , be encompassed by Hume's moral and political theory? In short, is Hume a proto-environmentalist, or (more modestly) is his philosophy compatible with the concerns of contemporary environmentalism?

Readings: 1. Hume, Treatise 3.2.1-3 2. Hume, EPM, Section 3 and Appendix 3 3. J. Baird Callicott, “Can a Theory of Moral Sentiments Support a Genuinely Normative Environmental Ethics?” Inquiry 35 (1992): 183-98. 4. Jennifer Welchman, “Hume, Callicott, and the Land Ethic: Prospects and Problems.” Journal of Value Inquiry 43 (2009): 201-20.

Fri Evening Closing Social