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The Cambridge Songs; a Goliard's Song Book of the 11Th Century

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The Cambridge Songs; a Goliard's Song Book of the 11Th Century 'm )w - - . ¥''•^^1 - \ " .' /' H- l' ^. '' '. H ,' ,1 11 Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/cambridgesongsgoOObreuuoft THE CAMBRIDGE SONGS CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAY, Manager EonDon: FETTER LANE, E.C CFDinburg!): loo PRINCES STREET SriB gotfe : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS Smnbag, Calrutta anB iWalraa: MACMILLAN AND CO., Ltd. arotonto: J. M. DENT AND SONS, Ltd. Cokjo: THE MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA All rights resenied THE CAMBRIDGE SONGS A GOLIARD'S SONG BOOK OF THE XIth century EDITED FROM THE UNIQUE MANUSCRIPT IN THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BY KARL BREUL Hon. M.A., Litt.D., Ph.D. SCHRODER PROFESSOR OF GERMAN IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE Cambridge: -^v \ (I'l at the University Press j^ ^l^ Cambntgc: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS PR nib IN MEMORIAM HENRICI BRADSHAW ET IN HONOREM FRANCISCI JENKINSON HOC OPVSCVLVM DEDICATVM EST PREFACE THE remarkable collection of Medieval Latin poems that is known by the name ' of The Cambridge Songs ' has interested me for more than thirty years. ' My first article Zu den Cambridger Liedern ' was written in the spring of 1885 and published in Volume xxx of Haupt's Zeitschrift filr deutsches Altertkum. The more attention I paid to the songs and the more I corresponded with scholars about some of them, the stronger became my conviction of the importance of having the ten folios of this unique manuscript photographed and of thereby rendering this fascinating collection in its every aspect readily accessible to the students of Medieval literature. It is in truth necessary to invite the co-operation of all such students, whether their subject be Medieval theology, philology, philosophy or music, in the interesting task of elucidating the more difficult poems of what may be regarded as the song book or commonplace book of some early Goliard. Poems such as Rachel, De Musica, De tribus symphoniis et de littera Pithagore, and others must of necessity be dealt with by specialists. For years I have wished to take this work in hand, but till quite recently it proved impossible to find the necessary leisure for the execution, however inadequate, of the task. Now, in the very saddest year of my life, when so much for which I have lived and worked is crumbling to pieces, I have at last carried out my old plan as best I could under the present anxious conditions. Sad too is the thought that so many of the eminent scholars who would ' have welcomed the publication of a compact edition of the Cambridge Songs ' have passed away from among us, notably Henry Bradshaw, Wilhelm Scherer, Ludwig Traube, and Paul von Winterfeld. The purpose of the present edition is first and foremost to place this remarkable collection within easy reach of British and foreign scholars ; to provide, together with the photographic reproduction of all the folios, a trustworthy transliteration ; viii PREFACE and a serviceable text of the songs, methodically arranged and properly indexed and to give, in the introductory chapters and in the notes, a survey of the critical literature that has so far appeared, in England and abroad, on each of the 47 pieces, with some additional elucidation of either the text or the subject-matter. In the transliteration (Chapter I) all abbreviations have been written out in full, but the letters substituted for the abbreviation marks have been printed in italics. Piper's reproduction of the abbreviation marks is not invariably accurate, as a com- parison of his text with the photographs will show. In Chapter V the spelling has in a few cases been slightly standardized (e.g. the more usual letters e and i have been substituted for the occasional ae, (, oe and y). The actual spelling of the manuscript can easily be ascertained on pages 3-22, and certain inconsistencies are all the more easily explained if we are justified in assuming that there were several copyists of the songs whose habits of writing were not quite the same. This assumption is, however, not absolutely necessary, for it is not likely that even • the same scribe would be entirely consistent in his manner of writing. In the introductory chapters, and also in the notes, the titles of books and periodicals are quoted in full, because these references are intended not only for advanced students of Old German literature, but also for students of Medieval history, theology, philosophy and music, as well as for students of Medieval literature generally in English-speaking countries, all of whom are naturally less familiar with the abbreviated forms in which these periodicals and the older discussions are usually quoted in German books. As the chief aim of the Introduction and Notes is to indicate as clearly as possible the 'literature' to be consulted on the subject, I have preferred to give such references in too explicit rather than in too concise a form. The very valuable notes contained in the third edition (by E. Steinmeyer, 1892) of Miillenhoff and Scherer's Denkmaler have purposely not been reproduced here. This scholarly work is still indispensable, and as it is easily accessible students should make a point of consulting it; but attention is called in the notes to all later publications in which the commentary of the Denkmaler is either supplemented or corrected. The notes vary considerably in length. While in the case of some very small, fragmentary and unimportant pieces, little could be said with any profit, and while, in the case of several poems of considerable importance, a reference to the third edition of the Denkmaler, followed by a short indication of the latest contributions to the subject, was all that seemed to be needed, in other instances much fresh PREFACE ix material has been supplied that had not been used for the elucidation of the poems. Specimens of English and German translations have been given, wherever possible, in the hope that they may tempt and show the way to future translators. There is still much fruitful work to be done for the 'Cambridge Songs,' more especially at the hands of English translators, who have so far almost entirely ignored them and whose attention may be particularly invited to Nos. 22-32. The Essay on ' De Heinrico* (Chapter VII) has been reprinted, with additions and corrections, from 'The Modern Quarterly of Language and Literature' {1898), where it was, perhaps, not very generally accessible. The General Index has been made as full and as useful as possible. There is also an alphabetical table of the first words of all the pieces, together with full references to the works in which the individual poems have already been printed. I desire gratefully to acknowledge my indebtedness to several friends and colleagues who have very kindly helped me with references and suggestions. These are Dr James (Provost of King's College and in the present year Vice-Chancellor of the University), Professor Burkitt, Professor Priebsch, Professor Reid, Professor Rippmann, Dr Ezard, Dr Latimer Jackson, Dr Naylor, Dr Nicholson, Dr Rootham, Dr Charles Wood, the Rev. W. A. Cox, Mr A. B. Cook, Mr G. G. Coulton, Mr N. M'^Lean, Mr A. Rogers, and, above all, our Public Orator, Sir John Sandys. The photographs were taken by Mr W. F. Dunn of the University Library with his usual care and success. They are in size and, as far as possible, in other respects, exact reproductions of the manuscripts. I am dedicating this book to Henry Bradshaw (of unforgettable memory) and Francis Jenkinson, those two learned custodians of the treasures of our University Library in recent years, to whom no student, young or old, British or foreign, has ever applied without finding the most ready and generous help. They have taken the most lively interest in all research upon our Cambridge manuscripts and early printed books, notably in that upon our priceless Codex Gg. 5. 35, and have on several occasions rendered me valuable assistance in my own work upon the ' Cambridge Songs.' In conclusion, if it is inevitable that the sad and anxious months during which this edition has been prepared should have left their trace upon its pages, yet my work upon this book of all others has truly sustained and consoled me ' during the present crisis. For the Cambridge Songs ' are one of the very earliest X PREFACE instances o^ genuine interest taken by Englishmen in the Hterature of Germany. The work hitherto devoted to our manuscript has been marked again and again by a whole-hearted, generous and fruitful co-operation on the part of eminent English, French, and American scholars with the most distinguished scholars of Germany in the elucidation of these attractive, and often unique, poems. May we not hope that, when the clash of arms is hushed and men again turn their thoughts to the pursuits of peace, scholars on both sides of the North Sea will once more join in the common search, as of old, for the good, the beautiful and the true ? K. B. lo, Cranmer Road, Cambridge, July 10, 1915. x 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGES Preface vii— I. Manuscript and Transliteration i — »» II. Description of the Cambridge Manuscript with special reference to the 'Songs' '$—'9 III. The work' hitherto done ON THE 'Cambridge Songs' (1720— 1914) 29— 34 A. Editions and Discussions 29—34 B. Photographic Reproductions 34 C. Translations 34 IV. Medieval Latin Lyrics in Germany and the 'Cambridge Songs'. 35—38 V. The Goliard's Song Book 38—69 A. General Discussion 38—41 B. Carmina in Codice Cantabrigiensi scripta 4»—69 VI. Notes 70—101 VII.
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