Curriculum Vitae Anastasia Volovich
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Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) World-Renowned Physicist Who Defied the Odds
COMMENT OBITUARY Stephen Hawking (1942–2018) World-renowned physicist who defied the odds. hen Stephen Hawking was speech synthesizer processed his words and diagnosed with motor-neuron generated the androidal accent that became disease at the age of 21, it wasn’t his trademark. In this way, he completed his Wclear that he would finish his PhD. Against best-selling book A Brief History of Time all expectations, he lived on for 55 years, (Bantam, 1988), which propelled him to becoming one of the world’s most celebrated celebrity status. IAN BERRY/MAGNUM scientists. Had Hawking achieved equal distinction Hawking, who died on 14 March 2018, was in any other branch of science besides cos- born in Oxford, UK, in 1942 to a medical- mology, it probably would not have had the researcher father and a philosophy-graduate same resonance with a worldwide public. As mother. After attending St Albans School I put it in The Telegraph newspaper in 2007, near London, he earned a first-class degree “the concept of an imprisoned mind roaming in physics from the University of Oxford. He the cosmos” grabbed people’s imagination. began his research career in 1962, enrolling In 1965, Stephen married Jane Wilde. as a graduate student in a group at the Uni- After 25 years of marriage, and three versity of Cambridge led by one of the fathers children, the strain of Stephen’s illness of modern cosmology, Dennis Sciama. and of sharing their home with a team of The general theory of relativity was at that nurses became too much and they sepa- time undergoing a renaissance, initiated in rated, divorcing in 1995. -
CERN Celebrates Discoveries
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS CERN COURIER VOLUME 43 NUMBER 10 DECEMBER 2003 CERN celebrates discoveries NEW PARTICLES NETWORKS SPAIN Protons make pentaquarks p5 Measuring the digital divide pl7 Particle physics thrives p30 16 KPH impact 113 KPH impact series VISyN High Voltage Power Supplies When the objective is to measure the almost immeasurable, the VISyN-Series is the detector power supply of choice. These multi-output, card based high voltage power supplies are stable, predictable, and versatile. VISyN is now manufactured by Universal High Voltage, a world leader in high voltage power supplies, whose products are in use in every national laboratory. For worldwide sales and service, contact the VISyN product group at Universal High Voltage. Universal High Voltage Your High Voltage Power Partner 57 Commerce Drive, Brookfield CT 06804 USA « (203) 740-8555 • Fax (203) 740-9555 www.universalhv.com Covering current developments in high- energy physics and related fields worldwide CERN Courier (ISSN 0304-288X) is distributed to member state governments, institutes and laboratories affiliated with CERN, and to their personnel. It is published monthly, except for January and August, in English and French editions. The views expressed are CERN not necessarily those of the CERN management. Editor Christine Sutton CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Fax:+41 (22) 782 1906 Web: cerncourier.com COURIER Advisory Board R Landua (Chairman), P Sphicas, K Potter, E Lillest0l, C Detraz, H Hoffmann, R Bailey -
Gauge/Gravity Duality and Field Theories at Strong Coupling
Th`ese de Doctorat Pr´esent´ee`al'Universit´eParis{Sud XI Sp´ecialit´e:Physique Th´eorique P´eriode acad´emique 2008{2011 Gauge/Gravity Duality and Field Theories at Strong Coupling Gregory C. Giecold Institut de Physique Th´eorique,CNRS{URA 2306 CEA/Saclay, F{91191 Gif{sur{Yvette, France Th`esesoutenue le 17 juin 2011 devant le jury compos´ede: Iosif Bena Directeur de Th`ese Emilian Dudas Membre du Jury Edmond Iancu Directeur de Th`ese Henning Samtleben Rapporteur Kostas Skenderis Rapporteur Acknowledgements I would like to thank my advisors Iosif Bena and Edmond Iancu for giving much leeway for exploring alleyways of my own interest in the maze of string theory and field theory. I am beholden for fast{paced, illuminating discussions with them and their careful guidance with non{scientific matters. I am grateful to Mariana Gra~naand Al Mueller for being sharp yet very kind collaborators. Special credit is due to Nick Halmagyi from whom I have learnt so much, Aussie vernacular included. Many thanks to Ruben Minasian and Robi Peschanski for their interest in my research orientations and for tips on relocating to Stony Brook. I am grateful to Emilian Dudas and Henning Samtleben for agreeing to be part of the jury of my PhD defense. Special thanks to Kostas Skenderis whose research has been very important to my work. Discussions with Michael Bon, Gaetan Borot, Roberto Bondesan, J´eromeDubail, Hadi Go- dazgar, Mahdi Godazgar, Andrea Puhm, Bruno Sciolla and Piotr Tourkine were appreciated. As for those conversations that have been of direct relevance to my field of research interests, I am grateful to Guillaume Beuf, Paul Chesler, Sheer El{Showk, Yoshitaka Hatta, Akikazu Hashimoto, Jan Manschot, Diego Marqu`es, Carlos Nu~nez,Hagen Triendl, Pierre Vanhove and Bert Vercnocke. -
Magnetic Backgrounds and Tachyonic Instabilities in Closed String Theory
Magnetic backgrounds and tachyonic instabilities in closed string theory Cite as: AIP Conference Proceedings 607, 269 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1454381 Published Online: 25 February 2002 A. A. Tseytlin AIP Conference Proceedings 607, 269 (2002); https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1454381 607, 269 © 2002 American Institute of Physics. Magnetic Backgrounds and Tachyonic Instabilities in Closed String Theory A.A. Tseytlin Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210-1106, USA Abstract. We consider closed superstrings in Melvin-type magnetic backgrounds. In the case of NS-NS backgrounds, these are exactly solvable as weakly coupled string models with spectrum containing tachyonic modes. Magnetic field allows one to interpolate between free superstring the- ories with periodic and antiperiodic boundary conditions for the fermions around some compact direction, and, in particular, between type 0 and type II string theories. Using "9-11" flip, this inter- polation can be extended to M-theory and may be used to study the issue of tachyon condensation in type 0 string theory. We review related duality proposals, and, in particular, suggest a description of type 0 theory in terms of M-theory in a curved magnetic flux background in which the type 0 tachyon appears to correspond to a state in d=l 1 supergravity fluctuation spectrum. INTRODUCTION Magnetic backgrounds play an important role in field theory and open string theory pro- viding simple solvable models with nontrivial physics content. Similar (approximately) constant magnetic backgrounds in gravitational theories like closed string theory are necessarily curved with an example provided by the Melvin-type flux tube solutions (see, e.g., [1]). -
Supergravity at 40: Reflections and Perspectives(∗)
RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO Vol. 40, N. 6 2017 DOI 10.1393/ncr/i2017-10136-6 ∗ Supergravity at 40: Reflections and perspectives( ) S. Ferrara(1)(2)(3)andA. Sagnotti(4) (1) Theoretical Physics Department, CERN CH - 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland (2) INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati - Via Enrico Fermi 40 I-00044 Frascati (RM), Italy (3) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Mani L. Bhaumik Institute for Theoretical Physics U.C.L.A., Los Angeles CA 90095-1547, USA (4) Scuola Normale Superiore e INFN - Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy received 15 February 2017 Dedicated to John H. Schwarz on the occasion of his 75th birthday Summary. — The fortieth anniversary of the original construction of Supergravity provides an opportunity to combine some reminiscences of its early days with an assessment of its impact on the quest for a quantum theory of gravity. 280 1. Introduction 280 2. The early times 282 3. The golden age 283 4. Supergravity and particle physics 284 5. Supergravity and string theory 286 6. Branes and M-theory 287 7. Supergravity and the AdS/CFT correspondence 288 8. Conclusions and perspectives ∗ ( ) Based in part on the talk delivered by S.F. at the “Special Session of the DISCRETE2016 Symposium and the Leopold Infeld Colloquium”, in Warsaw, on December 1 2016, and on a joint CERN Courier article. c Societ`a Italiana di Fisica 279 280 S. FERRARA and A. SAGNOTTI 1. – Introduction The year 2016 marked the fortieth anniversary of the discovery of Supergravity (SGR) [1], an extension of Einstein’s General Relativity [2] (GR) where Supersymme- try, promoted to a gauge symmetry, accompanies general coordinate transformations. -
Introduction to String Theory A.N
Introduction to String Theory A.N. Schellekens Based on lectures given at the Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen Last update 6 July 2016 [Word cloud by www.worldle.net] Contents 1 Current Problems in Particle Physics7 1.1 Problems of Quantum Gravity.........................9 1.2 String Diagrams................................. 11 2 Bosonic String Action 15 2.1 The Relativistic Point Particle......................... 15 2.2 The Nambu-Goto action............................ 16 2.3 The Free Boson Action............................. 16 2.4 World sheet versus Space-time......................... 18 2.5 Symmetries................................... 19 2.6 Conformal Gauge................................ 20 2.7 The Equations of Motion............................ 21 2.8 Conformal Invariance.............................. 22 3 String Spectra 24 3.1 Mode Expansion................................ 24 3.1.1 Closed Strings.............................. 24 3.1.2 Open String Boundary Conditions................... 25 3.1.3 Open String Mode Expansion..................... 26 3.1.4 Open versus Closed........................... 26 3.2 Quantization.................................. 26 3.3 Negative Norm States............................. 27 3.4 Constraints................................... 28 3.5 Mode Expansion of the Constraints...................... 28 3.6 The Virasoro Constraints............................ 29 3.7 Operator Ordering............................... 30 3.8 Commutators of Constraints.......................... 31 3.9 Computation of the Central Charge..................... -
Is String Theory Holographic? 1 Introduction
Holography and large-N Dualities Is String Theory Holographic? Lukas Hahn 1 Introduction1 2 Classical Strings and Black Holes2 3 The Strominger-Vafa Construction3 3.1 AdS/CFT for the D1/D5 System......................3 3.2 The Instanton Moduli Space.........................6 3.3 The Elliptic Genus.............................. 10 1 Introduction The holographic principle [1] is based on the idea that there is a limit on information content of spacetime regions. For a given volume V bounded by an area A, the state of maximal entropy corresponds to the largest black hole that can fit inside V . This entropy bound is specified by the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy A S ≤ S = (1.1) BH 4G and the goings-on in the relevant spacetime region are encoded on "holographic screens". The aim of these notes is to discuss one of the many aspects of the question in the title, namely: "Is this feature of the holographic principle realized in string theory (and if so, how)?". In order to adress this question we start with an heuristic account of how string like objects are related to black holes and how to compare their entropies. This second section is exclusively based on [2] and will lead to a key insight, the need to consider BPS states, which allows for a more precise treatment. The most fully understood example is 1 a bound state of D-branes that appeared in the original article on the topic [3]. The third section is an attempt to review this construction from a point of view that highlights the role of AdS/CFT [4,5]. -
Soft Hair on Black Holes Arxiv:1601.00921V1 [Hep-Th] 5 Jan
Soft Hair on Black Holes Stephen W. Hawkingy, Malcolm J. Perryy and Andrew Strominger∗ yDAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0WA UK ∗ Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Abstract It has recently been shown that BMS supertranslation symmetries imply an infinite number of conservation laws for all gravitational theories in asymptotically Minkowskian spacetimes. These laws require black holes to carry a large amount of soft (i:e: zero- energy) supertranslation hair. The presence of a Maxwell field similarly implies soft electric hair. This paper gives an explicit description of soft hair in terms of soft gravitons or photons on the black hole horizon, and shows that complete information about their quantum state is stored on a holographic plate at the future boundary of the horizon. Charge conservation is used to give an infinite number of exact relations between the evaporation products of black holes which have different soft hair but are otherwise identical. It is further argued that soft hair which is spatially localized to arXiv:1601.00921v1 [hep-th] 5 Jan 2016 much less than a Planck length cannot be excited in a physically realizable process, giving an effective number of soft degrees of freedom proportional to the horizon area in Planck units. Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Electromagnetic conservation laws and soft symmetries 4 3 Conservation laws in the presence of black holes 7 4 Black hole evaporation 9 5 Quantum hair implants 12 6 Gauge invariance 14 7 Supertranslations 15 8 Conclusion 17 1 Introduction Forty years ago, one of the authors argued [1] that information is destroyed when a black hole is formed and subsequently evaporates [2, 3]. -
NS Fivebranes in Type 0 String Theory
Preprint typeset in JHEP style. - HYPER VERSION KUL-TF-99/24 NS Fivebranes in Type 0 String Theory∗ Ben Craps† and Frederik Roose Instituut voor theoretische fysica Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium E-mail: Ben.Craps,[email protected] Abstract: The massless degrees of freedom of type 0 NS5-branes are derived. A non-chiral, purely bosonic spectrum is found in both type 0A and 0B. This non-chirality is confirmed by a one-loop computation in the bulk. Some puzzles concerning type 0B S-duality are pointed out in this context. An interpretation of the spectra in terms of “type 0 little strings” is proposed. Keywords: D-branes, String Duality. arXiv:hep-th/9906179v3 8 Oct 1999 ∗Work supported by the European Commission TMR programme ERBFMRX-CT96-0045. †Aspirant FWO, Belgium Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. Type 0 strings and D-branes 2 3. NS fivebrane spectra 3 4. Absence of anomalies 4 5. S-duality 5 6. A little string interpretation 8 7. Conclusions 9 1. Introduction Type 0 string theories [1] have recently attracted a lot of attention. They have been used to study the non-supersymmetric field theories living on their D-branes [2]. Moreover, Bergman and Gaberdiel [3] have conjectured that they are supersymmetry breaking orbifolds of M-theory, thus including them in the web of string dualities. For instance, certain circle compactifications of type 0 and type II are proposed to be T-dual. Other predictions of the conjectured duality are that type 0B string theory exhibits S-duality and that the type 0 theories contain non-perturbative fermionic states. -
MATTERS of GRAVITY Contents
MATTERS OF GRAVITY The newsletter of the Division of Gravitational Physics of the American Physical Society Number 52 December 2018 Contents DGRAV News: we hear that . , by David Garfinkle ..................... 3 APS April Meeting, by David Garfinkle ................... 4 Editor David Garfinkle Department of Physics Oakland University Rochester, MI 48309 Phone: (248) 370-3411 Internet: garfinkl-at-oakland.edu WWW: http://www.oakland.edu/physics/Faculty/david-garfinkle Associate Editor Greg Comer Department of Physics and Center for Fluids at All Scales, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103 Phone: (314) 977-8432 Internet: comergl-at-slu.edu WWW: http://www.slu.edu/arts-and-sciences/physics/faculty/comer-greg.php ISSN: 1527-3431 DISCLAIMER: The opinions expressed in the articles of this newsletter represent the views of the authors and are not necessarily the views of APS. The articles in this newsletter are not peer reviewed. 1 Editorial The next newsletter is due June 2019. Issues 28-52 are available on the web at https://files.oakland.edu/users/garfinkl/web/mog/ All issues before number 28 are available at http://www.phys.lsu.edu/mog Any ideas for topics that should be covered by the newsletter should be emailed to me, or Greg Comer, or the relevant correspondent. Any comments/questions/complaints about the newsletter should be emailed to me. A hardcopy of the newsletter is distributed free of charge to the members of the APS Division of Gravitational Physics upon request (the default distribution form is via the web) to the secretary of the Division. It is considered a lack of etiquette to ask me to mail you hard copies of the newsletter unless you have exhausted all your resources to get your copy otherwise. -
NS Fivebranes in Type 0 String Theory∗
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server Preprint typeset in JHEP style. - HYPER VERSION KUL-TF-99/24 NS Fivebranes in Type 0 String Theory∗ Ben Craps† and Frederik Roose Instituut voor theoretische fysica Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium E-mail: Ben.Craps,[email protected] Abstract: The massless degrees of freedom of type 0 NS5-branes are derived. A non-chiral, purely bosonic spectrum is found in both type 0A and 0B. This non-chirality is confirmed by a one-loop computation in the bulk. Some puzzles concerning type 0B S-duality are pointed out in this context. An interpretation of the spectra in terms of “type 0 little strings” is proposed. Keywords: D-branes, String Duality. ∗Work supported by the European Commission TMR programme ERBFMRX-CT96-0045. yAspirant FWO, Belgium Contents 1. Introduction Type 0 string theories [1] have recently attracted a lot of attention. They have been used to study the non-supersymmetric field theories living on their D-branes [2]. Moreover, Bergman and Gaberdiel [3] have conjectured that they are supersymmetry breaking orbifolds of M-theory, thus including them in the web of string dualities. For instance, certain circle compactifications of type 0 and type II are proposed to be T-dual. Other predictions of the conjectured duality are that type 0B string theory exhibits S-duality and that the type 0 theories contain non-perturbative fermionic states. In Ref. [4] it has been studied how branes transform under type 0/type II T-duality. -
First Annual BHI Conference on Black Holes
The Inaugural Black Hole Initiative Annual Conference Scientific Program First Annual BHI Conference on Black Holes Monday, May 8 and Tuesday, May 9, 2017 Sheraton Commander Hotel, 16 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA Hosted by the Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University http://bhi.fas.harvard.edu/ All talks are 20 minutes (15+5) Sessions held in the George Washington Ballroom Coffee Breaks held in the adjacent Terrace Room Monday, May 8, 9:00AM-5:30PM 9:00-9:10AM Avi Loeb: Welcome Session 1: LIGO Session Chair: Ramesh Narayan 9:10-10:30AM Scott Hughes: Black Hole Physics via Gravitational Waves Dan Holz: LIGO's Black Holes Samaya Nissanke: Follow the Roars and Chirps: The Astrophysics of LIGO’s Binary Black Holes Deirdre Shoemaker: Binary Black Holes 10:30-11:00AM Coffee Break Session 2: General Relativity Session Chair: Ramesh Narayan 11:00-12:00PM Clifford Will: Relativistic Evolution of Orbits Around Spinning Massive Black Holes Emanuele Berti: Testing the Kerr Paradigm with Gravitational Wave Observations Pankaj Joshi: Black Holes and Naked Singularities--The Story So Far 12:00-1:30PM Lunch Break Session 3: Physics Session Chair: Andrew Strominger 1:30-3:00PM Alejandra Castro Anich: Extreme Measures for Extremal Black Holes: Recent Theoretical Developments on Black Hole Entropy Glen Barnich: BMS Current Algebra and Field Dependent Central Extension Stefanos Aretakis: Tails of Linear Waves on Black Holes Monica Guica: The Kerr/CFT Correspondence and String Theory 3:00-3:50PM Coffee Break Session 4: Supermassive Black Holes Session Chair: