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Flying Ace Activities Flying Ace Activities AVIATION CURRICULUM GUIDE FOR MIDDLE GRADE LEVELS 4-6 Edited by: Margaret R. Lindman,Ed.D. Professor Northeastern Illinois University Chicago, Illinois Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Office of Human Resources and Management Washington, D.C. 20591 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......................................................................................................iii FAA AVIATION EDUCATION REPRESENTATIVES .......................................................iv STUDY PHOTOGRAPHS .................................................................................................... v SELECTED AEROSPACE TOPICS IN CURRICULUM CONTEXT................................... x INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1 PROPERTIES OF AIR .......................................................................................................... 5 Fluidity....................................................................................................................... 6 Weight........................................................................................................................ 9 Pressure.................................................................................................................... 11 Expansion and Contraction....................................................................................... 17 Water Vapor/Air Holds Moisture.............................................................................. 20 Density and Temperature.......................................................................................... 21 Layers of Air............................................................................................................ 22 Measurement of Air.................................................................................................. 23 Movement of Air...................................................................................................... 24 Lift/Resistance.......................................................................................................... 25 LIGHTER THAN AIR FLIGHT.......................................................................................... 27 Floating in Air .......................................................................................................... 28 Rising Hot Air.......................................................................................................... 29 Hot Air Molecules.................................................................................................... 30 Soap Bubble Balloons............................................................................................... 31 Balloon Flight........................................................................................................... 32 Hot Air Balloon........................................................................................................ 33 Archimedes Principle................................................................................................ 36 WHAT MAKES AN AIRPLANE FLY................................................................................ 37 Newton’s Third Law................................................................................................. 38 Air Flow................................................................................................................... 40 Gliders...................................................................................................................... 42 Parachutes................................................................................................................ 44 Gravity..................................................................................................................... 46 Thrust....................................................................................................................... 47 Control Surfaces....................................................................................................... 49 Jet Propulsion........................................................................................................... 53 i WEATHER IS IMPORTANT TO AVIATION.................................................................... 54 Charting Weather ..................................................................................................... 55 Clouds...................................................................................................................... 57 Highs and Lows........................................................................................................ 58 The Hygrometer ....................................................................................................... 59 Water/Ice ................................................................................................................. 60 Wind Has Force........................................................................................................ 61 The Anemometer...................................................................................................... 62 Weather Vane........................................................................................................... 63 The Thermometer..................................................................................................... 64 The Aneroid Barometer ............................................................................................ 65 Dew Point ................................................................................................................ 68 The Sun.................................................................................................................... 69 Night, Day, Time Zones............................................................................................ 70 Heat Energy ............................................................................................................. 72 Color and Temperature..............................................................................................73 NAVIGATION IN THE AIR............................................................................................... 74 The Earth Rotation ................................................................................................... 75 The Compass............................................................................................................ 76 The Dipping Needle.................................................................................................. 77 Locating Coordinates................................................................................................ 78 Satellite Signals........................................................................................................ 80 Latitude and Longitude............................................................................................. 82 The Sextant .............................................................................................................. 84 BIBLIOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................86 GLOSSARY.........................................................................................................................99 ii INTRODUCTION The Federal Aviation Administration is pleased to present the Aviation Education Teacher’s Guide Series. The series includes four publications specifically designed as resources to those interested in aviation education. The guides include activities and lessons specifically designed for use in a variety of content areas at various grade levels. It is our hope that the publications in this series will be beneficial to those who lead America’s aviation education initiatives into the 21st century. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Federal Aviation Administration wishes to recognize and express appreciation to Margaret R. Lindman, Ed.D., Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, for her outstanding leadership and dedication to this project. Dr. Lindman served as chair of Northeastern’s Department of Curriculum and Instruction while serving as the leader of the project. Rosamand D. Hilton, formerly of the Chicago Public Schools, served as assistance to Dr. Lindman throughout the project. Roycealee J. Wood, former Director of Academic Affairs, North Chicago, Illinois, School District #187 served on the project writing committee. Faculty members on the committee included Delores Clark, Dorothy Ashby, Ethyl Booker, Ronald Carlson, William Petrosky, Ann Saunders, and Lawrence Sorenson. We wish to thank each of the teachers in North Chicago School District who participated in the field test phase of the project. Northeastern Illinois University’s FAA Publications Committee members were Harvey Barrett, Ed.D., science educator, Janet Bercik, Ed.D., clinical experiences director and elementary and secondary supervisor; Joanne Frey, Ed.D., elementary specialist; Elizabeth Landerholm, Ed.D., early childhood specialist; Jill Althage and Kristine Tardiff, librarians. Dr. Gordon Lamb, as President of Northeastern Illinois University, was among those who provided crucial support to this project from the very beginning. The Chicago Teacher’s Center, a branch of Northeastern’s College of Education and an FAA Aviation Education Resource Center, has contributed substantially to
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