The Cultural Geography Reader
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9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page i THE CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY READER There has been a rising interest in cultural geography as an academic discipline, with the so-called “cultural turn” in geography and social science more generally. To date, there has been no generally accessible, transatlantic overview that balances classic and contemporary writings in cultural geography and related fields. The Cultural Geography Reader draws together fifty-two classic and contemporary abridged readings, including contributions from Clifford Geertz, Doreen Massey, Peter Jackson, Alan Latham, J.B. Jackson, Gillian Rose, Clarence J. Glacken, Alexander Wilson, Liisa Malkki, Georg Simmel, Robyn Longhurst, Don Mitchell, Gill Valentine, and Lila Abu-Lughod. It is divided into eight parts – Approaching Culture; Cultural Geography: a Transatlantic Genealogy; Landscape; Nature; Identity and Place in a Global Context; Home and Away; Difference; Culture as Resource – that the editors feel represent the scope of the discipline and its key concepts. Readings were selected based on their originality, accessibility, and empirical focus, allowing students to grasp the conceptual and theoretical tools of cultural geography through the grounded research of leading scholars in the field. Each part begins with an introduction that discusses the key concepts, their history and relation to cultural geography, and connections to other disciplines and practices. Six to seven abridged book chapters and journal articles, each with their own focused intro- ductions, are also included in each part. The readability, broad scope, and coverage of both classic and contemporary pieces from the US and UK make The Cultural Geography Reader relevant and accessible for a broad audience of under- graduate students and graduate students alike. It bridges the different national traditions in the US and UK, as well as introducing the span of classic and contemporary cultural geography. In doing so, The Cultural Geography Reader provides the instructor and student with a versatile yet enduring benchmark text. Timothy S. Oakes teaches geography at the University of Colorado at Boulder, USA. His research focuses on China’s cultural economy, culture industries, and tourism development. He is the author of Tourism and Modernity in China (1998) and co-editor of Travels in Paradox (2006) and Translocal China (2006). Patricia L. Price teaches geography at Florida International University in Miami, USA. Her research focuses on Latinas/os in US cities, the US–Mexico borderlands, and popular religiosity. She is the author of Dry Place: Landscapes of Belonging and Exclusion (2004) and co-author of The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography (2005). 9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page ii 9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page iii The Cultural Geography Reader Edited by Timothy S. Oakes and Patricia L. Price 9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page iv First published 2008 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2008 Timothy S. Oakes and Patricia L. Price for selection and editorial matter; the contributors for individual chapters All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data The cultural geography reader / edited by Timothy S. Oakes and Patricia L. Price. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Human geography. I. Oakes, Tim. II. Price, Patricia Lynn, 1965– GF43.C85 2008 304.2—dc22 2007032651 ISBN 0-203-93195-5 Master e-book ISBN ISBN10: 0-415-41873-9 (hbk) ISBN10: 0-415-41874-7 (pbk) ISBN10: 0-203-93195-5 (ebk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-41873-7 (hbk) ISBN13: 978-0-415-41874-4 (pbk) ISBN13: 978-0-203-93195-0 (ebk) 9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page v To our students 9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page vi 9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page vii Contents Acknowledgments xii Introduction 1 PART ONE APPROACHING CULTURE 9 Introduction 11 “Culture” 15 Raymond Williams “Community” 20 E.P. Thompson “Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture” 29 Clifford Geertz “The Concept(s) of Culture” 40 William Sewell, Jr. “Writing against Culture” 50 Lila Abu-Lughod “Beyond ‘Culture’: Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference” 60 Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson “Research, Performance, and doing Human Geography: Some Reflections on the Diary–Photograph, Diary–Interview Method” 68 Alan Latham PART TWO CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY: A TRANSATLANTIC GENEALOGY 77 Introduction 79 “Culture” 83 Friedrich Ratzel “The Physiogamy of France” 90 Paul Vidal de la Blache 9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page viii viii CONTENTS “The Morphology of Landscape” 96 Carl Sauer “The Industrial Revolution and the Landscape” 105 W.G. Hoskins “Process” 113 Wilbur Zelinsky “The Idea of German Cultural Regions in the Third Reich: the Work of Franz Petri” 123 Karl Ditt “The Search for the Common Ground: Estyn Evans’s Ireland” 130 Brian J. Graham “Back to the Land: Historiography, Rurality and the Nation in Interwar Wales” 138 Pyrs Gruffudd PART THREE LANDSCAPE 147 Introduction 149 “The Word Itself” 153 John Brinckerhoff Jackson “California: The Beautiful and the Damned” 159 Don Mitchell “Imperial Landscape” 165 W.J.T. Mitchell “Looking at Landscape: The Uneasy Pleasures of Power” 171 Gillian Rose “Geography is Everywhere: Culture and Symbolism in Human Landscapes” 176 Denis Cosgrove “From Discourse to Landscape: A Kingly Reading” 186 James S. Duncan “Reconfiguring the ‘Site’ and ‘Horizon’ of Experience” 194 Michael Bull PART FOUR NATURE 201 Introduction 203 “Nature” 207 Raymond Williams 9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page ix CONTENTS ix “Creating a Second Nature” 212 Clarence J. Glacken “Living Outdoors with Mrs. Panther” 220 “Ajax” “Nature at Home” 224 Alexander Wilson “Orchard” 232 Owain Jones and Paul Cloke “Le Pratique sauvage: Race, Place, and the Human–Animal Divide” 241 Glen Elder, Jennifer Wolch, and Jody Emel PART FIVE IDENTITY AND PLACE IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT 251 Introduction 253 “A Global Sense of Place” 257 Doreen Massey “New Cultures for Old?” 264 Stuart Hall “National Geographic: The Rooting of Peoples and the Territorialization of National Identity among Scholars and Refugees” 275 Liisa Malkki “Shades of Shit” 283 Keith H. Basso “Culture sits in Places: Reflections on Globalism and Subaltern Strategies of Localization” 287 Arturo Escobar “No Place like Heimat: Images of Home(land)” 296 David Morley and Kevin Robins PART SIX HOME AND AWAY 305 Introduction 307 “The Stranger” 311 Georg Simmel “Traveling Cultures” 316 James Clifford 9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page x x CONTENTS “The Production of Mobilities” 325 Tim Cresswell “Of Nomads and Vagrants: Single Homelessness and Narratives of Home as Place” 334 Jon May “The Tourist at Home” 343 Lucy Lippard PART SEVEN DIFFERENCE 351 Introduction 353 “Imaginative Geography and its Representations: Orientalizing the Oriental” 357 Edward Said “On not Excluding Half of the Human in Human Geography” 365 Janice Monk and Susan Hanson “Representing Whiteness in the Black Imagination” 373 bell hooks “Mapping the Pure and the Defiled” 380 David Sibley “Some Thoughts on Close(t) Spaces” 388 Robyn Longhurst “Contested Terrain: Teenagers in Public Space” 395 Gill Valentine “The Geography Club” 402 Brent Hartinger PART EIGHT CULTURE AS RESOURCE 409 Introduction 411 “Commercial Cultures: Transcending the Cultural and the Economic” 413 Peter Jackson “The Expediency of Culture” 422 George Yúdice “Whose Culture? Whose City?” 431 Sharon Zukin 9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page xi CONTENTS xi “The Invention of Regional Culture” 439 Meric Gertler “Destination Museum” 448 Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett “Performing Work: Bodily Representations in Merchant Banks” 457 Linda McDowell and Gill Court Copyright information 466 Index 471 9780415418737_1_pre.qxd 28/1/08 3:36 PM Page xii Acknowledgments We wanted to write a Cultural Geography Reader mostly because we liked the City Reader (edited by LeGates and Stout, Routledge), and wanted a similar text for students in our cultural geography courses. When we discussed the project with Andrew Mould – who would become our editor at Routledge – we had no idea what sort of journey we would embark upon, that cold afternoon deep in the book dis- play area of the 2004 Association of American Geographers’ meeting in Pittsburgh. And though the quest has been a long one, fraught at time with the perils of securing permissions and the tedium of optical character recognition software, we have also made new friends and renewed old acquaintances. In addition, the editors were able to add a new chapter to their long friendship, which was itself born of a shared journey through graduate school together (but that’s another story). Among the many, many individuals who have helped us along the way are Andrew Mould, our fear- less editor at Routledge, and his fair assistants, Zoe Kruze and Jennifer Page. Andrew provided the encouragement we needed to set out on this path in the first place, and intervened at key moments in the process to keep us on track. One of the many helpful suggestions he made was to aim for a readership that spans the Atlantic and what can be quite different understandings of cultural geog- raphy.