45366-004 Solid Waste Management

Initial Environmental Examination May 2013 UZB: Solid Waste Management Improvement Project This Initial Environmental Examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or Staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.1 Overview ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2 Identified Impacts, and Mitigation/Enhancement Measures --------------------------------- 2 1.3 Environmental Management Plan (EMP) --------------------------------------------------------- 3 2. Introduction ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 2.1 Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework ------------------------------------------------- 5 2.1.1 National Environmental Administrative and Legal Framework --------------------------- 6 2.1.2 Solid Waste Management Legislation ---------------------------------------------------------- 9 2.1.3 International Agreements and Protocols------------------------------------------------------ 13 2.1.4 ADB Environmental Policies and Guidelines ------------------------------------------------ 15 3. PROJECT DESCRIPTION -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 3.1 Project Information ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16 3.2 Project Location --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 3.2.1 Site Status ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 18 3.2.2 Collection Points and Transfer Stations ----------------------------------------------------- 21 3.3 IEE Approach of Methodology in Data Gathering --------------------------------------------- 22 3.4 Scope of the Assessment --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 3.5 Project Rationale -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24 3.6 Project Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 27 3.6.1 Tashkent Solid Waste Management Improvement Project ----------------------------- 27 3.6.2 Pre-construction ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 3.6.3 Construction Phase ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 37 3.6.4 Operational Phase -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40 3.6.5 Abandonment / Decommissioning & closure --------------------------------------------- 48 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ------------------------------------------------ 49 4.1 Physical Environnent --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 4.1.1 Climate ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 49 4.1.2 Air Quality ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55 4.1.3 Geology --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 56 4.1.4 Hydrogeology -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 61 4.2 Biological Environment ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 61 4.2.1 Flora ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 4.2.2 Fauna ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 4.3 Socio-Economic Profile ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 62 4.3.1 Baseline on Socio-economic Profile ---------------------------------------------------------- 62 5. PERCEIVED PRIMARY AND SECONDARY IMPACT AREAS ---------------------------- 68 5.1 Primary Impact Zone (PIZ) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 5.2 Secondary Impact Zone (SIZ) ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 68 6. IMPACT IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT --------------------------------------------- 70 6.1 Impact Identification ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70 6.2 Impact Assessment ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 70 6.3 Construction Stage ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 6.3.1 Change in Land Use ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 6.3.2 Landscape Alteration ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 3 6.3.3 Erosion ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72 6.3.4 Lifting of Superficial Materials ------------------------------------------------------------------ 72 6.3.5 Water ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 72 6.3.6 Air and Noise Impacts --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72 6.3.7 Impact to occupational health and safety --------------------------------------------------- 73 6.3.8 Other Residual Impacts ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 6.4 Operations Stage -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 6.4.1 Operation of the Landfill ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 74 7. PROPOSED MITIGATION MEASURES -------------------------------------------------------- 80 7.1. Construction Phase --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 80 7.2 Operation Phase -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 82 7.3 Closure -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 84 8. PROJECT ALTERNATIVES ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 85 8.1. “No –Action” Alternative --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 85 8.2. With the Project Alternative ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 85 8.2.1 Siting Options ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 85 8.2.2 Design and Technology ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 85 9. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE ------------------------- 87 10. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM (GRM) ----------------------------------------------- 88 11. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ------------------------------------------- 90 11.1 Proposed Environmental Management Plan ------------------------------------------------- 90 11.2 Contingency Plan ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 91 11.3 Environmental Monitoring Plan ------------------------------------------------------------------ 92 11.4 Institutional Plan for the Implementation of the EMP -------------------------------------- 93 12. Conclusions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 94 13. References ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95 14. Annexes ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 96 ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank BEP best environmental practices BOD biological oxygen demand BPEO best practical environmental options CP collection points EHS environmental health and safety EIA environmental impact assessment EMP environmental management plan EU European Union FS feasibility study GRM grievance redress mechanism GoU Government of Uzbekistan GW groundwater IEE initial environmental examination MSW municipal solid waste LARP land acquisition and resettlement plan PM particulate matter PGA peak ground acceleration PPE personnel protective equipment PPTA project preparatory technical assistance RA risk assessment SEE State Ecological Expertise (Glavgosecoexpertisa) SLF sanitary landfill facility TDS total dissolved solids THW toxic and hazardous waste TS transfer station TSS total suspended solids UZB Uzbekistan WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ha – hectares NOTE (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Republic of Uzbekistan ends on 31 December. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2012 ends on 31 December 2012. (ii) In this report, “$” refers to US dollars Definition of Terms “Biological Oxygen Demand” (also BOD): An indirect measure of the concentration of biologically degradable material present in organic wastes. It usually reflects the amount of oxygen consumed in five days by biological processes breaking down organic waste. “Carbon Monoxide” (also CO): A colorless, odorless, poisonous gas produced by incomplete fossil

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