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Chapter 1 Introduction and Outline Department of Spatial Sciences Spatio-temporal Modelling of Accessibility to Train Stations for Park and Ride (PnR) Users Ting Lin This thesis is presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Curtin University June 2017 Spatio-temporal Modelling of Accessibility to Train Stations for Park and Ride (PnR) Users DECLARATION To the best of my knowledge and belief this thesis contains no material previously published by any other person except where due acknowledgment has been made. This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university. Human Ethics (For projects involving human participants/tissue, etc) The research presented and reported in this thesis was conducted in accordance with the National Health and Medical Research Council National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007) – updated March 2014. The proposed research study received human research ethics approval from the Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee (EC00262), Approval Number RD-02-13 Signature: Date: 2017/6/15 Declaration i Spatio-temporal Modelling of Accessibility to Train Stations for Park and Ride (PnR) Users ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS For the duration of this study, I have been very fortunate to receive support, encouragement and advice from a number of people, to whom I would like to express my sincere gratitude. First and foremost, my appreciation goes to my supervisor associate professor Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia and my cosupervisor Dr Todd P. Robinson and my thesis editor Gary McCarney. Thank you, Dr Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia for providing constant support and encouragement, always challenging me and ever available to provide advice on my research throughout my study program. Thanks so much for your generosity, passion and integrity. It has been due to your help, that I have been able to overcome all the difficulties in my study, fully explore my potential and build my confidence. Even after I got the full-time job, you never gave up on me. You have continued our regular meetings and encouraged me to continue with my publications and my thesis, which I know has occupied a lot of your after- work time. Without your help, I could not have finally completed my thesis and have so many publications. Thank you so much Cecilia. You are the best supervisor ever. I also very much like to thank my co-supervisor Dr Todd P. Robinson, for his time, wisdom and contribution in strengthening the methodology development in this study and in editing and improving this thesis. Thanks also to Gary for helping me with the editing of my thesis. Your kindness and wisdom not only improved my thesis from a native English speaker perspective, but also strengthened my methodology and explanation of results. Your help is much appreciated. Secondly, I would like to express my gratitude to Changying Shao, Mark Ryan, Siti Nurlaela, Catherine Higgins, Richard Palmer and Vanessa Ung for their interest in my accessibility study. I have really enjoyed working and writing papers together with you all. I would like to express my deepest appreciation to the Australian Research Council, the Public Transport Authority, the Department of Transport and the Department of Planning for their on-going support for this study and Arc Linkage Grant LP110201150. Thanks so much for the APA(I) scholarship, which supported my study. Special thanks to our LP110201150 project team colleagues for their invaluable suggestions and discussions during the study, including Professor John Taplin, Associate Professor Doina Olaru, Dr Brett Smith, Ying Huang from Business School, University of Western Australia, Dr Renglong Han and Gary McCarney from Department of Planning and Chunmei Chen from Curtin University. Thanks Acknowledgements ii Spatio-temporal Modelling of Accessibility to Train Stations for Park and Ride (PnR) Users also go to the data collection team and all participants who willingly gave their time to participate in the study. Special thanks go to Professor Kok Lay Teo and Professor Jie Sun from Mathematics and Statistics, Curtin University, Professor Antonio Paez from University McMaster, Canada and Professor Kostas Goulias and Professor Richard L. Church from University of Santa Barbara for the time they gave to discuss my study. Thanks are also extended to all the staff and postgraduate students in the Department of Spatial Sciences, Curtin University for providing help and encouragement in times of need. Thank you to Professor Bert Veenendaal, Associate Professor Jon Kirby, Lori Patterson, Caroline Rockliff and Pam Kapica for their assistance during the life of my study. Thank you to Grace Yun from the Department of Health who has given me great support and encouragement to start my career in Perth. Thank you to my managers, (Robyn Staggard and Trevor Servaas), at the Department of Planning for giving me great support and approving my flexi-leave applications for time off to complete my study. Special thanks also go to Dr Saud Aboshiqah, Dr Xiaoying Wu, Dr Xin Liu, Chunmei Chen, Dr Qian Sun, Feiyan Yu, Zhiwen Song, and Qian Yu for their friendship. Finally, and most profoundly, thanks to my family, especially my husband Shoufeng, and my kids Alice and Benjamin. It is because of you that I have been able to reach my goal. Thanks for ALWAYS being there. Acknowledgements iii Spatio-temporal Modelling of Accessibility to Train Stations for Park and Ride (PnR) Users RELATED PUBLICATIONS Refereed conference papers: Lin, T., Xia, J., & Robinson, T. (2017). Spatial analysis of park and ride user' dynamic accessibility to train station. Paper presented at the 19th WASET, Singapore. Lin, T., Palmer, R., Xia, J., & McMeekin, D. A. (2014). Automatic generation of station catchment areas: A comparison of Euclidean distance transform algorithm and location- allocation methods. Paper presented at the 2014 11th International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery, FSKD 2014, Xiamen, China. Olaru, D.,Smith,B.,Xia,J.,Chen,C., Lin,T.,Huang Y., Han, R. (2013), “Ticket to ride”: factors affecting park-and-ride travel in Perth, WA, 2013, Paper presented at European Transport Conference, Germany Journal papers: Lin, T., Xia, J. C., & Robinson, T. (2017). Spatial Analysis of Park and Ride Users’ Dynamic Accessibility to Train Station: A Case Study in Perth. International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering, 123, 346 - 355. Lin, T., Xia, J., Robinson, T. P., Olaru, D., Smith, B., Taplin, J., & Cao, B. (2016). Enhanced Huff model for estimating Park and Ride (PnR) catchment areas in Perth, WA. Journal of Transport Geography, 54, 336-348. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.06.011 Lin, T., Xia, J., Robinson, T. P., Goulias, K. G., Church, R. L., Olaru, D., Han, R. (2014). Spatial analysis of access to and accessibility surrounding train stations: a case study of accessibility for the elderly in Perth, Western Australia. Journal of Transport Geography, 39(0), 111-120. doi: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2014.06.022 Shao, C., Xia, J. C., Lin, T., Goulias, K. G., Chen, C., & Han, R. (2015). Logistic regression models for the nearest train station choice: A comparison of captive and non-captive stations. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 3(4), 382-391. Ryan, M., Lin, T. G., Xia, J. C., & Robinson, T. (2016). Comparison of perceived and measured accessibility between different age groups and travel modes at Greenwood Station, Perth, Australia. EJTIR, 16(2), 406-423. Olaru, D., Smith, B., Xia, J. & Lin, T. (2014). Travellers’ Attitudes Towards Park-and-Ride (PnR) and Choice of PnR Station: Evidence from Perth, Western Australia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 162, 101-110. Related publication iv Spatio-temporal Modelling of Accessibility to Train Stations for Park and Ride (PnR) Users LIST of CONTENTS DECLARATION ..................................................................................................................I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ II RELATED PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................................... IV LIST OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ V LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ XIII LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... XV LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................................. XVI LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................. XVII ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................. XIX CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION AND OUTLINE ............................................................ 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES .................................................................................. 3 1.3 RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE ............................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Social and community benefits ............................................................................ 4 1.3.2 Research contributions ......................................................................................
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