ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 1 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 3 ، ﺳﺎل 1388 (، -185 195 )

داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻲ، واﺣﺪ اراك ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨ ﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﭘﺎ -4668 2008 http://jer.entomology.ir ﺟﻠﺪ 1 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 3 ، ﺳﺎل 1388 (، -185 195)

ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hem., Psyllidae) در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن

٢ ٣ ﻣﺎﻫﺮخ ﺣﺴﻦ ﭘﻮر1* ، ﻋﻠﻲ اﺻﻐﺮ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﻲ ، اﺣﺴﺎن رﺧﺸﺎﻧﻲ ، ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺎﻣﺮي ﺳﻴﺎﻫﻮﻳﻲ4

-1 ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي، ﻗﺮﻧﻄﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﺑﻨﺪر ﻟﻨﮕﻪ ، ﺑﻨﺪ ر ﻟﻨﮕﻪ -2 ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧ ﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس، ﺗﻬﺮان -3 ﮔﺮوه ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ، داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه زاﺑﻞ ، زاﺑﻞ -4 ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن، اداره ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﺒﺎﺗﺎت ، ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن

ﭼﻜﻴﺪه ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت، Diaphorina citri ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ آﻓﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت در ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺟﻨﻮب آﺳﻴﺎ اﺳﺖ . در اﻳﺮان، اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن، ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎنو ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن و ﻛﺮﻣﺎن ﮔﺴﺘﺮش داﺷﺘﻪ و از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻜﻴﺪن ﺷﻴﺮه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﺎدر ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي Liberobacter asiaticum ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك ﮔﺮﻳﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﺳﺖ . در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻓﻮن دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ D. citri در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ زﻧﺒﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي Encyrtidae و Eulophidae ، ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮري از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Chrysopidae ، ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ و دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮت از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي Salticidae و Linyphidae ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . در ﺑﻴﻦ د ﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت، زﻧﺒﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ Tamarixia radiata از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eulophidae ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﻛﻪ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ آن اراﻳ ﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ.

واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي : Diaphorna citri ، دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ، اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hem., Psyllidae ﮔﺎم ﻣﻬﻢ و ﺿﺮوري ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ در ﺑﺎﻏﺎت ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺖ، ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ و رﻫﺎ ﺳﺎزي دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻮ ﺛﺮ اﻣﻜﺎن ﻛﻨﺘﺮل آﻓﺖ و ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﻤﻮم را ﻣﻴﺴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺳﺎزد . از ﻃﺮف دﻳﮕﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و زﻣﺎن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آنﻫ ﺎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ زﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺎرزه ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ را در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻻزم و اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ . ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ داراي دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳ ﻴﺪﻫﺎ و ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮ ﻳﻴ ـﺪﻫﺎي آن ﺷﺎﻣﻞ (Tamarix radiata (Waterston, 1922 و Diaphorina

* ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه راﺑﻂ، ﭘﺴﺖ اﻟﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻴﻜﻲ : [email protected] ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ( /6/15 88 ) – ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ( /20/8 88 ) ) 88

١٨٥ ﺣﺴﻦ ﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت (Diaphorina citri (Hem., Psyllidae ...

aligarensis Shaffe-Alam & Agawal از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Eulophidae در ﻛﻨﺘﺮ ل ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ از اﻫﻤﻴﺖ زﻳﺎدي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردارﻧﺪ .( .( Mcfarland & Hoy, 2001 ) ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي T. radiata و D. aligarensi s ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ آﻓﺖ در ﺗﺎﻳﻮان ﺗﻮﺳـﻂ ﭼـﻦ و ﻫﻤﻜـﺎران ارزﻳـﺎﺑﻲ ﺷـﺪ (Chien et al ., 1991) . ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴ ﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت در ﻣﻨ ﻄﻘﻪ ﮔﻮادﻟﻮپ ﺗﻮﺳ ﻂ T. radiata ﻮﻣ ﺛﺮ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( Etienne et al ., 2001 ). زﻧﺒﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳ ﻴﺪ T. radiata از روﺳـﻴﻪ و در دﻫـﻪ 80 ﻣـﻴﻼدي از ﺗـﺎﻳﻮان ﮔـﺰارش ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ ( Chien et al ., 1989 ). درﻓﻴﻠﻴﭙﻴﻦ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳ ﻴﺪﻫﺎي D. citri ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي T. radiata و D. aligarensis ﮔﺰارش ﺷـﺪه و ﮔﻮﻧﻪ T. radiata داراي ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي ﺑﻮده اﺳﺖ (Tang, 1989) . از ﻣﻴﺎن ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮ ﻳﻴ ﺪﻫﺎي وارداﺗﻲ از آﺳﻴﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻠﻮرﻳـﺪا در آﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ T. radiata اﺳﺘﻘﺮار ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﻫﻢ اﻛﻨﻮن در ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﭘﻴﺪا ﻛﺮده اﺳـﺖ ( Qureshi (. (. et al., 2009 ﻋﺎﻣﺮي و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، زﻧﺒﻮر (Psyllaephagus stenopsyllae (Tachikawa را ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻳﻜـﻲ از ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮ ﻳ ﻴـﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ ﭘﻮرﮔﻲ ﭘـﺴﻴﻞ آﺳـﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒـﺎت از ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ ﺳـﻴﺮﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻨـﺎب در اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔـﺎن ﮔـﺰارش ﻧﻤﻮدﻧـﺪ ( Ameri et al ., 2006) . ﻣﻌﺘﻤﺪي ﻧﻴﺎ، ﻣﮕﺲ (Allobacha sapphirina (Wiedemann از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Syrphidae را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺑـﺴﻴﺎر ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت در ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﻧﻤﻮد ( Motamedinia, 2006 ) . ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮري ﻫـﺎي Chrysopa boninsis Huang and Polaszed و Chrysoperla rufilabris Burmeister ﻧﻴﺰ در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل D. citri ﻧﻘـﺶ دارﻧـﺪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒـﺎت را در ﻓﻠﻮرﻳـﺪاي ﻣﺮﻛـﺰي ﻛﻔـﺸﺪوزك ﻫـﺎي (Harmonia axyridis (Pallas ، (Olla V-nigrum (Mulsant) ،Exochomus chidreni (Mulsant) Cycloneda sanginea (Linnaeus و دو ﮔﻮﻧــﻪ ﺑــﺎﻟﺘﻮري(Ceraeochrysa sp. ، Chrysoperla rufilabri s (Burmeister، ﻋﻨﻜﺒــﻮت Hibana velox Becker و زﻧﺒــﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳ ﻴﺪ T. radiata ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ( Michaud, 2001, 2002, 2004; Chien, 1989) . در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻘـﺶ دﺷـﻤﻨﺎن - ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ از T. radiata در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ د ارﻧـﺪ .( .( Michaud, 2004 ) ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎي اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻛﻮﺑﺎ از ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫـﺎي Chrysopidae ، Syrphidae و Coccinellidae ﮔـﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( Gonzalez et al., 2003 ). در ﻛﺸﻮر ﻋﺮﺑـﺴﺘﺎن /6 33 درﺻـﺪ از ﺷـﻜﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﭘـﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺒـﺎت از ﻋﻨﻜﺒـﻮت ﻫـﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﭼﻨـﺪﻳﻦ ﺷـﻜﺎرﮔﺮ از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﺳﻮﺳـﻚ (Saprinus chacites (Illiger از ﺧـﺎﻧﻮاده Histeridae و ﺳﻮﺳـﻚ Egapola crenulata Dejean از ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Carabidae از اﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﺑﻴـﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردا ر ﻧـﺪ ( Al-Ghamdi, 2000 ). ﻳـﻚ ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك از ﺟﻨﺲ Scymnus ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دﺷﻤﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت از ﺑﺮزﻳﻞ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( ,. Gravena et al 1996 ). ﮔﻮﻧــــﻪ ﻫـﺎي Syrphophagus diaphorina Myartseva and Tryapitsyn ، Psyllaephagus diaphorina Lim و Syrphophagus taiwanus Hayat and Lin را از ﻣـﻪ ﻣﺘـﺮﻳﻦ دﺷـﻤﻨﺎن اﻳـﻦ ﭘـﺴﻴﻞ ﮔـﺰارش ﺷـﺪه اﺳـﺖ & Viraktamath) . . Bhumannavar, 2002) ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎ ت اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ر ﺗﻮﺳﻂ (Bove (2006 از اﻳ ﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ . اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﻜﻴﺪن ﺷﻴﺮه ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻗـﺎدر ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮي ﻧﺎﻗﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎك ﮔﺮﻳﻨﻴﻨﮓ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﺳﺖ . اﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎري اﺧﻴﺮا ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻓﻘﻴﻬﻲ از اﻳﺮان ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳـﺖ (Faghihi et al ., 2008) . ﻫﺪف از اﻧﺠﺎم اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﻦ آ ﻓﺖ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﺑـﻪ ﻋﻨـﻮان ﻣﺮﺣﻠـﻪ ﺿﺮوري در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ آن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . .

١٨٦ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 1 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 3 ، ﺳﺎل 1388 (، -185 195 )

ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎغ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت را در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻴﻨﺎب، رودان، ﺑﻨﺪرﻋﺒﺎس و ﺟﺎﺳﻚ ﻛﻪ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒـﺎت ﺑﻮد و ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤ ﺎ ﺑﺎﻏﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻴﭻ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﻤﭙﺎﺷﻲ در آن ﻫﺎ ﺻﻮرت ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘ ،ﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪه و در ﻣﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺑﻬﻤـﻦ، اﺳـﻔﻨﺪ ، ﻓـﺮوردﻳﻦ، اردﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ و ﺧﺮداد در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1386 و 1387 ﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﺎدف ﺑﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ آﻓﺖ ﺑﻮد ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ و ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﺑﻪ دو ﺻـﻮرت زﻳـﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ : :

اﻟﻒ- ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از دﺳﺘﮕﺎه D. Vac و ﺗﻮر ﺣـﺸﺮه ﮔﻴـﺮي ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري و درون ﻟﻮﻟﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﺸﻪ اي ﺣﺎوي اﻟﻜﻞ 75 % ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﺷﺪ . .

ب- ﭘﺮورش در آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎه ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮ ﻳ ﻴﺪﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد زﻳﺎدي ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺟﻮان ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮل 15 ﺗﺎ 20 ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮگ آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺷﺪ ي ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ، از ﺑﺎﻏﺎت آﻟﻮده، ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺑﻪ آزﻣﺎﻳـﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪ . ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ درون ﭘﺘﺮ ي ﻗﺮار داده ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت روزاﻧﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺎزدﻳﺪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ و ﺑـﺎ ﺧـﺮوج ﺣـﺸﺮات ﻛﺎﻣـﻞ ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ ، آن ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آﺳـﭙﻴﺮاﺗﻮر ﺟﻤـﻊ آوري و ﺑـﻪ درون ﻟﻮﻟـﻪ ﻫـﺎي ﺷﻴـﺸﻪ اي ﺣـﺎوي اﻟﻜـﻞ 75 % ﻣﻨﺘﻘـﻞ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪﻧـ ﺪ . از ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳ ﻴﺪﻫﺎ ي ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه اﺳﻼﻳﺪ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﺷﺪه و زﻳﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮوﺳﻜﻮپ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ و از وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫـﺎي اﻓﺘﺮاﻗﻲ آن ﻫﺎ ﻋﻜﺲ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ . ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺼﻴﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﻴﻚ ، ﭘﺮﻓﺴﻮر Hyat و ﭘﺮﻓﺴﻮر Yefremova ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ و ﻣﻮرد ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ . ﻣﺤﻞ و زﻣﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ آو ري ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪﻫﺎ و ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت در ﺟﺪول 1 ارا ﻳ ﻪ ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ.

ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻃﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري از دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﻃﻲ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1386 ﺗﺎ 1387 ﺣﺸﺮات ﺷـﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﺷـﺎﻣﻞ ﻳـﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻮري، ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك، دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ زﻧﺒﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳ ﻴﺪ و دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮت ( ﺟﺪو 1ل ) ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ . . در ﺑﻴﻦ دﺷﻤﻨـــــﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌـــﻲ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷــــﺪه زﻧﺒـــﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳ ﻴـــــﺪ Tamarixia radiata ﺑﺮاي اﻳﺮان رﻛـﻮرد ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻳﻚ زﻧﺒﻮر اﻧﺪوﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﭘﻮره ﻫﺎي ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭘـﻨﺞ ﭘـﺴﻴﻞ آﺳـﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒـﺎت اﺳـﺖ و وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ آن ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮ ح زﻳﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . .

ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژي ﺣﺸﺮه ﻣﺎده ﻃﻮل ﺳﺮ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ از ﻋﺮض آن (j - 1) ، ﭼﺸﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻛﺐ ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﻪ رﻧﮓ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ، داراي ﺳﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺳﺎده ﺑﺎﻻي ﺳﺮ (j - 1) ، ﭘﺎﻟﭗ ﻟﺐ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ و ﭘﺎﻟﭗ آرواره ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺑﻨﺪي ، ﺷﺎﺧﻚ زرد (j-1 ،) در ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺎده ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه و ﺑﺪون ﻣﻮﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ (g - 1) ، ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل ﺷﺎﺧﻚ د ر ﻣﺎده ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ از ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺮار دارد (j - 1 ). ﺑﻨﺪ اول ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﺳﻴﻠﻨﺪري ﺷﻜﻞ، ﺳﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ در ﻣﺎده ﻫﺎ ﭼﻤﺎﻗﻲ و داراي ﻣﻮ (g - 1 ،) ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺮوﻧﻮﺗﻮم ﻣﺸﺒﻚ و داراي دو ﻣﻮي ﻣﻮازي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ (i - 1 ). رﮔﺒﺎل

١٨٧ ﺣﺴﻦ ﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت (Diaphorina citri (Hem., Psyllidae ...

زﻳﺮ ﻛﻨﺎري ﻛﻮﺗﺎه، ﻃﻮل آن ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻧﺼﻒ ﻃﻮل رﮔﺒﺎل ﻛﻨﺎري، رﮔﺒﺎ ل ﻛﻨﺎري در ﻗﺎﻋﺪه ﻋﺮﻳﺾ و ﻛﺸﻴﺪه در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ داراي ﻳﻚ ردﻳﻒ ﻣﻮ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺑﺎل ﻛﺸﻴﺪه ﺷﺪه ، اﻃﺮاف ﺣﺎﺷﻴﻪ ﺑﺎل ﻣﻮدار (c - 1 ،) رﮔﺒﺎل اﺳﺘﻴﮕﻤﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ و ﻣﺜﻠﺜﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ (c - 1) ، رﻧﮓ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ ﺑﺪن ﺣﺸﺮه ﻣﺎده ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﺗﺮژﻳﺖ ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺗﻴﺮه (b - 1) ، ﭘﺎي ﺟﻠﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﭘﻴﺶ ران ران ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻬﻮه اي روﺷﻦ (e - 1 ،) ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻛﻮﺗﺎه، ﺷﻜﻢ ﻛﺸﻴﺪه ﺗﺮ از ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ، ﺑﻪ رﻧﮓ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ، در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﭘﺸﺘﻲ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻬﻮه اي ﺗﻴﺮه و در اﻧﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﻬﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻢ رﻳﺰ واﻟﻮي (f - 1 .) .)

ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژي ﺣﺸﺮه ﻧﺮ ﻣﺤﻞ اﺗﺼﺎل ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﻧﺮ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ از ﭘﻴﺸﺎﻧﻲ اﺳﺖ، ﺷﺎﺧﻚ 8 ﺑﻨﺪي، داراي ﻣﻮﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪ h )1- ؛) در اﻧﺘﻬﺎي ﺷﻜﻢ، ژ ﻧﻴﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎي ﻧﺮ a )1- ) ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد . در ﻧﺮﻫﺎ ﺷﻜﻢ ﺑﻪ رﻧﮓ ﻣﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻬﻮاي ﺗﻴﺮه و ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺣﺸﺮه ﻣﺎده اﺳﺖ a )1- ). ).

١٨٨ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 1 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 3 ، ﺳﺎل 1388 (، -185 195 )

ﺟﺪول -1 زﻣﺎن و ﻣﻜﺎن ﺟﻤﻊ آوري دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت، Diaphorina citri در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔ ﺎن در ﺳﺎل 1387-1386 . . Table 1- Time and place of collecting natural enemies of Asian citrus Psylla, Diaphorina citri in during 2007-2008

Geographic charac- Natural enemies Time Place ters ً 22 َ 25 ْ 57 ً 04 َ 46 ْ 57 Chrysoperla carnea March,April,May Minab ً 58 َ 06 ْ 27 ً 16 َ 07 ْ 27

ً 04 َ 03 ْ 57 ً 52 َ 19 ْ 57 ً March,April,May, 27 ْ 13 َ 28 ً 72 ْ 28 َ 11 Menochilus sexmaculatus Minab(senderk,sirik) ً February, March 27 ْ 18 َ 23 ً 57 ْ 05 َ 11 ً 14 َ 31 ْ 26 ً 88 َ 16 ْ 57

ً 08 َ 20 ْ 57 ً 04 َ 03 ْ 57 Adalia bipunctata April Rudan(Faryab, Jagin) ً 44 َ 13 ْ 27 ً 11 َ 28 ْ 27

ً March, April, 57 ْ 25 َ 12 ً 57 ْ 04 َ 44 Exochomus nigripennis Minab(senderc,sirik,Ravang) ً February, March 26 ْ 51 َ 58 ً 26 ْ 30 َ 28

ً 23 َ 18 ْ 27 ً 52 َ 19 ْ 57 E. pubescens March Faryab,Sirik,Gaghin ً 88 َ 16 ْ 57 ً 28 َ 13 ْ 27

ً 22 َ 25 ْ 57 ً 56 َ 26 ْ 57 Scymnus levaillanti March Rudan,minab ً 58 َ 06 ْ 27 ً 02 َ 52 ْ 26

ً March,April, 57 ْ 26 َ 56 ً 57 َ 25 َ 12 Diplocephalus sp . Senderk ً February, March 26 ْ 52 َ 02 ً 26 ْ 51 َ 58

ً 13 َ 25 ْ 57 Marpissa sp. May Senderk ً 58 َ 51 ْ 26

ً 46 َ 04 ْ 57 ً 02 َ 14 ْ 57 Psyllaephagus stenopsyllae May, March Rudan, minab ً 16 َ 07 ْ 27 ً 58 َ 21 ْ 27

ً 14 َ 04 ْ 57 Tamarixia radiate May, April Rudan(Faryab) ً 11 َ 28 ْ 27

١٨٩ ﺣﺴﻦ ﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت (Diaphorina citri (Hem., Psyllidae ...

(b)

(c)

(h) (g) (f) (e)

(j) (i) ﺷﻜﻞ -1 وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ زﻧﺒﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ a ، Tamarixia radiata) ﺣﺸﺮه ﻧﺮ، b) ﺣﺸﺮه ﻣﺎده ، c) ﺑﺎل ﺟﻠﻮ ، e ) ﭘﺎﻫﺎ ، f ) ﺷﻜﻢ ، g) ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﻣﺎده ، h) ﻣﻮﻫﺎي روي ﺷﺎﺧﻚ ﻧﺮ ، i) دو ﻣﻮي ﻣﻮازي روي ﻗﻔﺴﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ، j) ﻧﻤﺎي ﺟﻠﻮي ﺳﺮدر ﺣﺸﺮه ﻣﺎده Fig. 1- Morphologic characters of Tamarixia radiate , a) Male, b) Female, c) Front wing, e) Legs, f) Abdomen, g) Female Antennae, h) hair of male antennae, i) 2 hair on thorax, j) Female head

١٩٠ ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻠﺪ 1 ، ﺷﻤﺎره 3 ، ﺳﺎل 1388 (، -185 195 )

ﺑﺤﺚ در ﺑﻴﻦ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك ﻫﺎي ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ را داﺷﺖ و در ﻃﻮل ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري در اﻛﺜﺮ ﺑﺎﻏﺎﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﺣﻀﻮر داﺷﺖ اﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﻨﺪرك و ﺳﻴﺮﻳﻚ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﻴﻨﺎب و ﺟﻐﻴﻦ، ﺑﺮﻧﻄﻴﻦ و ﻓﺎرﻳﺎب ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن رودان ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي ,. Shepard et al (1987) و(Barrion & lisinger, (1994 اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ازﻓﻴﻠﻴﭙﻴﻦ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . . ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك (.Adalia bipunctata (L از ﻧﻮاﺣﻲ رودان در روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﻓﺎرﻳﺎب و ﺟﻐﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ اﻳﻦ در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ در ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻴﻨﺎب ﺑﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ رودان از ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ. ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻲ از اﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ در ﻃﻲ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك و ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك ﻫﺎ در اواﺧﺮ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن و در ﻃﻮل ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻓﻌﺎل ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . ﻣﻬﺮﻧﮋاد و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران، دو ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك A. bipunctata و Conglobata contaminata را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷ ﻜﺎرﮔﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﮔﺰارش ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ ( Mehrnejad et al ., 2006 .) .) ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك (Exochomus nigripennis (Erichson ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ M. sexmaculatus ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮي از روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎي ﺳﻴﺮﻳﻚ، ﺳﻨﺪرك و راوﻧﮓ ﻣﻴﻨﺎب ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﻧﻴﺮﻳﺰ، ده ﺑﺎﻻي اﻫﻮاز و راﻳ ﻴﻦ (Duverger, 1983)، اﻫ ﻮاز (Mosaddegh & Kochaili, 1993) ، ﺟﻨﻮب ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن (Muadi, 1994) و از داﻣﻐﺎن از روي ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ,Dezyanian) (1998 ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . . ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك E. nigripennis از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻓﺎرﻳﺎب، ﺳﻴﺮﻳﻚ، ﺟﻐﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ . اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮاي اوﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎر از ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎ ي ﺑﻨﺪرﻋﺒﺎس، ﻛﺮج، ﺷﻴﺮاز، ﺳﻮﺳﻨﮕﺮد، اﻫﻮاز، داران و ﺷﺎدﮔﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪ (Duverger, 1983 .) اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﻜﺎرﭼﻲ ﺷﭙﺸﻚ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Diaspididae از ﻓﺎرس (Yazdani, 1990) و از اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن، ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺑﻴﺮﺟﻨﺪ و ﮔﻨﺎﺑﺎد (Muadi, 1994) ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . . ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك (Scymnus levaillanti (Mulsant در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮص ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻴﻨــــﺎب ( ﺳﻨﺪرك ) و رودان ( ﻓﺎرﻳﺎب ﺑﻪ) ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻢ دﻳﺪه ﺷﺪ . ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك از ﺟﻨﺲ Scymnus ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان دﺷﻤﻦ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت از ﺑﺮزﻳﻞ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( Gravena et al ., 1996 ). ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ) اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از روي ﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎي (.Sitobion avenae (F و (.Rhopalosiphum padi (L از اﺳﺘﺎن ﻛﺮﻣﺎن ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ . اﻳﻦ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك ﻫﺎ در ﻃﻮل ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻬﺎر و اواﺧﺮ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ (Rezaei et al ., 2006) . ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت در ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك ﻫﺎي O. vnigrum ،C. sanguinea ، E. chidreni ، H. axyridis و(Curinus coeruleus (Mulsant ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ(Michaud, 2001; 2002; 2004; Qureshi et al., 2009) . . ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮت ﻫﺎي (Diplocephalus sp. (Linyphidae و (Marpissa sp. (Salticidae از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻴﻨﺎب ( ﺳﻨﺪرك ) و از ﺑﺎﻏﺎت آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺟﻤﻊآ وري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮت .Diplocephalus sp روي درﺧﺘﺎن آﻟﻮده ﺑﻪ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ داﺷﺖ وﻟﻲ ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮت .Marpissa sp ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻢ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻴﻨﺎب ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ . در اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮت ﻫﺎ از ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎ ﺗﻨﻴﺪن ﺗﺎر روي ﺑﺮگ و ﺷﺎﺧﻪ ﻫﺎي درﺧﺘ ﺎن ﺣﺸﺮات ﺑ ﺎﻟﻎ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ را ﺷﻜﺎر ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ . . در ﻓﻠﻮرﻳﺪا، ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮت H.velox ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﻜﺎرﮔﺮ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه ا ﺳﺖ (Michaud, 2004 و) در ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻴﺰان ﺷﻜﺎر ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻨﻜﺒﻮت /6ﻫﺎ 33 درﺻﺪ ﮔﺰار ش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ (Al-Ghamdi, 2000). زﻧﺒﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳ ﻴﺪ (Psyllaephagus stenopsyllae (Tachikawa، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴﺪ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ در ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ رودان، ﻣﻴﻨﺎب و ﺑﻨﺪرﻋﺒﺎس ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ . ﺗﺮاﻛﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﻨﺪرك و ﺳﻴﺮﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮد . اﻳﻦ زﻧﺒﻮر ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ

١٩١ ﺣﺴﻦ ﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﻜﺎران : ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت (Diaphorina citri (Hem., Psyllidae ...

ﺳﻨﺪرك و ﻣﻴﻨﺎب ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (Ameri et al ., 2006) . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ اﻳﻦ زﻧﺒﻮر از ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﺎﻳﻮان، ﭼﻴﻦ و ژاﭘﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳ ﻴـﺪ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎي Stenopsylla nigricornis Kuwayama و Trioza zyzgii Li & yong ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ & Chiu) (Chien, 1991) ﮔﻮﻧﻪ P. diaphorina Lim از روي ﭘﺴﻴ ﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ (Viroktamath & Bhumannava, 2002) و، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ .sp Psylaephagus از روي ﭘﻮره ﻫﺎي ﭘ ﺴﻴﻞ ﮔﺰ Lyamaphila dicora از ﺧﻮاﻧﺴﺎر (Naeem & Behdad, 1988) و زﻧﺒﻮر .P (pistaciae (Ferrier از روي ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ از ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ داﻣﻐﺎن (Dezyenyan, 1998) ﮔﺰارش ﮔﺮدﻳﺪه ﻧﺪا . زﻧﺒﻮر T. radiata در ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداري ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ از ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺖ از ﻓﺎرﻳـﺎب ﺷﻬﺮﺳـﺘﺎن رودا ن ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﻛﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ و در ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﻧﺸﺪ . اﻳﻦ زﻧﺒﻮر ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴـﺪ ﭘـﺴﻴﻞ آﺳـﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔـﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ( Aubert & Quilici, 1983; Jeyaprakash & Hoy, 2000; Skelly & Hoy, 2004 ،) اﻳﻦ زﻧﺒﻮر از ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳ ﻴﺪﻫﺎي ﻣﻬﻢ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎﻳﻲ (Trioza erytrea (Del Guercio ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌ ﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺮده اﺳﺖ (McDaniel, 1972 ) . ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴ ﺖ اﻳـﻦ زﻧﺒـﻮر روي ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﭘﻮرﮔﻲ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ (Chiu & Chein, 1991; Chein et al ., 1991) . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳـﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴـﻖ ﻧﺸﺎن داد اﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي اﺧﻴﺮ وارد اﻳﺮان ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ وﻟﻲ دﺷﻤﻨ ﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﺪدي ﻣﺮاﺣـﻞ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ رﺷﺪي آن را ﻣﻮرد ﺣﻤـﻠﻪ ﻗﺮار ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ . در ﺑﻴﻦ دﺷﻤﻨﺎن ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ زﻧﺒـﻮر ﭘﺎرازﻳﺘﻮﻳﻴـﺪ T. radiate از اﻫﻤﻴـﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار اﺳﺖ و در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ ﻫﺎ در ﻧﻘﺎط ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ دﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ و ﻧﺘـﺎﻳﺞ ﺧـﻮﺑﻲ را ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه داﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺖ ﭘﺴﻴﻞ آﺳﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ در ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺗﻠﻔﻴﻘﻲ اﻳﻦ آﻓﺖ ﺳـﺎﻳﺮ روش ﻫﺎ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮرد ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﻴﺮد. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ در اﻳﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد . .

ﺳﭙﺎﺳﮕﺰاري ﺑﺪﻳﻨﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ از ﮔﺮوه ﺣﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸـــــﺎور زي داﻧـﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳـﻼﻣﻲ واﺣـﺪ اراك و ﮔـﺮوه ﺣـﺸﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﻲ داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻛﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﺮﺑﻴﺖ ﻣﺪرس و ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﺟﻬﺎد ﻛﺸﺎورزي اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺮﻣﺰﮔﺎن ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮاي اﻧﺠﺎم اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ ﺗﺸﻜﺮ و ﻗﺪرداﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ از ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﻣﻬﻨﺪس ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ﺳﺮي از ﻣ ﻮ ﺳﺴﻪ ﮔﻴﺎه ﭘﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﻛـﺸﻮر ﻛـﻪ در ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻔﺸﺪوزك ﻫﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻫﺎي ارزﺷﻤﻨﺪي ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ ﻗﺪرداﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.

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Journal of Entomological Research Islamic Azad University, Arak Branch ISSN 2008-4668 Volume 1, Issue 3, pages: 185-195 http://jer.entomology.ir

Identification of natural enemies of citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hem., Psyllidae) in Hormozgan province

M. Hasanpour 1*, A. A. Talebi 2, E. Rakhshani 3, A. Ameri-Siahouei 4

1- Jihad-e-agriculture plant protection quarantine of Bandar-e Lenge, Iran 2- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural faculty, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran 3- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural faculty, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran 4- Hormozgan Agriculture of Jahad, Plant protection organization, Hormozgan, Iran

Abstracts

Asian citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hem., Psyllidae) is one of the most important pest of citrus in south Asia. In Iran, the pest has spread in Hormozgan, Sistan- Baluchestan and Kerman Provinces. The pest sucks plant sap and able to transferring the Liberobacter asiaticum Grining bacteria which is a dangerous disease of citrus throughout the word. In this survey, natural enemies of D. citri in Hormozgan province were studied during 2007–2008. As a result of this study, two parasitoid species belonging to Encyrtidae and Eulophidae, one common lace wing spe- cies (Chrysopidae), five lady bird species (Coccinellidae), and two spider species from the families of Salticidae and Linyphidae were collected and identified. Among the natural enemies of Asian citrus psylla, Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hym., Eulophidae) is new record from Iran and its morphological features are presented.

Key Words: Diaphorina citri , Natural enemies, Hormozgan province

* Corresponding Author, E-mail: [email protected] Received: 6 Sep 2009 - Accepted: 11 Nov 2009

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