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Thesis Development of an Optimum Framework For THESIS DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPTIMUM FRAMEWORK FOR LARGE DAMS IMPACT ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN ARID REGIONS THROUGH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Submitted By ALI ASGHAR IRAJPOOR (2004-Ph.D-CEWRE-01) For The Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN WATER RESORECES ENGINEERING CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore 2010 i DEVELOPMENT OF AN OPTIMUM FRAMEWORK FOR LARGE DAMS IMPACTS ON POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN ARID REGIONS THROUGH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT By: Ali Asghar Irajpoor (2004-Ph.D-CEWRE-01) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING Thesis Examination Date: February 6, 2010 Prof. Dr. Muhammad Latif Dr. Muhammad Munir Babar Research Advisor/ External Examiner / Professor Internal Examiner Department of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro ______________________ (Prof. Dr. Muhammad Latif) DIRECTOR Thesis submitted on:____________________ CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 2010 ii This thesis was evaluated by the following Examiners: External Examiners: From Abroad: i) Dr. Sebastian Palt, Senior Project Manager, International Development, Ludmillastrasse 4, 84034 Landshut, Germany Ph.No. +49-871-4303279 E-mail:[email protected] ii) Dr. Riasat Ali, Group Leader, Groundwater Hydrology, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Land and Water, Private Bag 5 Wembley WA6913, Australia Ph. No. 08-9333-6329 E-mail: [email protected] From Pakistan: Dr. M. Munir Babar, Professor, Institute of Irrigation & Drainage Engineering, Deptt. Of Civil Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro Ph. No. 0222-771226 E-mail: [email protected] Internal Examiner: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Latif, Director, Center of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore. E Mail: [email protected] iii ABSTRACT A set of indicators for sustainable development were identified to be employed in developing countries. The selected indicators provided a good understanding of social and engineering outputs of water resources projects. The study meticulously looks into the pre dam bio-physical and socio-economic conditions in one of the arid region of Iran under the area commanded by Minab dam. This dam was constructed in Hormozgan province of Iran in 1983 and its irrigation system was completed in 1986 which was followed by progressive expansion of irrigated agriculture which almost doubled in year 2006. Results of the study showed that there are significant positive impacts of irrigation network of the dam but they were not same as the targeted objectives envisaged in the feasibility report of the project for example literacy rate increased from 41 percent (pre-project) to 74 percent in 2006. Similarly significant improvements were observed in health care, sanitation, education, and other disciplines. On the other hand, only 50-60 percent of the planned objectives were met for some indicators whereas no significant achievements had been made in the others. It means that after construction of the dam and irrigation system, development didn’t match with the planned goals of the project. Most of the deficiency in the performance of primary objectives have root in the managements, even after, many years of project completion. For optimization of project performance an institutional framework has been proposed suggested by introducing a new organization named as Sustainable Project Organization (SPO). This organization may overcome the deficiency through capacity building and training of social and engineering organizations in the project area in the direction of comprehensive poverty alleviation. This study argues the world-wide controversy against construction of dam in arid zones which is ill-founded and based on a few short term, mitigable negative impacts, ignoring many long term positive impacts leading to alleviating of chronic poverty in arid regions. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praise to ALMIGHTY ALLAH, the most compassionate, the most merciful; who blessed me to complete my studies and humblest and deepest gratitude to the greatest educator of mankind, the Holy Prophet MUHAMMAD (Peace be Upon Him). My deepest gratefulness is due to my dissertation supervisor Prof. Dr. Muhammad Latif, Director, Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering whose intellectual inspiration, guidance, encouragement and regular discussions have been invaluable to me. His continual willingness to listen, moral support, and render critical judgments helped me to complete the thesis. The whole remains incomplete, if I do not record my sincerest thanks to all faculty members and staff of CEWRE for their continued help and cooperation in completion of my research work and this manuscript. I also acknowledge the contribution of all those who helped me in any way during data collection, analysis and other phases of this research study. I am thankful to Engineer Masoud Vosough Member of executive committee of Hormozgan regional water company in Iran and Engineer Assadi from same company. Many thanks to Engineer Shilan Irajpour, and Mr. Hamid Reza Irajpour from Shaheid Muhammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas in Iran those who help me during data collection. It is my duty to appreciated the effort of specialists of statistical center of Iran for all matter of cooperation, especially I am thankful to Mr. Aghadoosti who make real v effort regarding to need of my study. I cannot forget the cooperation of librarian of statistical center of Iran and specialist of management and programming organization in Hormozgan provinces. Many thanks are extended to Dr. Masood Munavari, Dr. Nasser Mehrdadi from Tehran University, Engineer Mostafa Vatanzadeh from Mahab Ghodess company in Iran and staff of Water Management organization of Iran, for their cooperation and encouragement. Last and foremost, I would especially like to express my deepest appreciation, constant care, and endless, unconditional and limitless support, of my wife, Dr. Poopak Mohaghegh, for her patience in tolerating the duration of my studies. Finally, I acknowledge the support of my parents while they alive and their advice encourage me to continue my study. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter # Description Page # ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................iv TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES..............................................................................................................x LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................xii ABBREVIATION ..............................................................................................................xv I INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................1 1.1 BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM STATMENT ...................................1 1.2 OBJICTIVES ..............................................................................................6 1.3 SCOPE OF THE STUDY...........................................................................6 II REVIEW OF LITERATURE .................................................................................8 2.1 ARID REGION IN THE IRAN AND THE WORLD:...............................8 2.2 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS INDICATORS ................9 2.2.1 Sustainable Development Activities...............................................10 2.3 REVIEW OF RESEARCH BACKGROUND ...........................................13 2.3.1 Framework for Sustainable Development and Poverty Alleviation.......................................................................................14 2.3.2 World Water Status.........................................................................18 2.3.3 Research in Water Resources .........................................................19 2.4 POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN IRAN .....................................................25 2.5 SUMMARY................................................................................................26 III METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................29 3.1 DISCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA...................................................29 3.1.1 Selected Study Area........................................................................30 3.2 PROCEDURE...............................................................................................33 3.2.1 Base Line ........................................................................................34 3.2.2 Sources of the Indicators.................................................................35 3.3 COLLECTION OF DATA .........................................................................38 3.4 DEVELOPMENT OF INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ......................43 vii Table of Contents (Continued) IV DATA SYNTHESES AND ANALYSIS ...............................................................44 4.1 POPULATION .............................................................................................44 4.2 LITERACY
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