Native New Zealand Plants with Inhibitory Activity Towards
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The New Zealand Rain Forest: a Comparison with Tropical Rain Forest! J
The New Zealand Rain Forest: A Comparison with Tropical Rain Forest! J. W. DAWSON2 and B. V. SNEDDON2 ABSTRACT: The structure of and growth forms and habits exhibited by the New Zealand rain forest are described and compared with those of lowland tropical rain forest. Theories relating to the frequent regeneration failure of the forest dominants are outlined. The floristic affinities of the forest type are discussed and it is suggested that two main elements can be recognized-lowland tropical and montane tropical. It is concluded that the New Zealand rain forest is comparable to lowland tropical rain forest in structure and in range of special growth forms and habits. It chiefly differs in its lower stature, fewer species, and smaller leaves. The floristic similarity between the present forest and forest floras of the Tertiary in New Zealand suggest that the former may be a floristically reduced derivative of the latter. PART 1 OF THIS PAPER describes the structure The approximate number of species of seed and growth forms of the New Zealand rain plants in these forests is 240. From north to forest as exemplified by a forest in the far north. south there is an overall decrease in number of In Part 2, theories relating to the regeneration species. At about 38°S a number of species, of the dominant trees in the New Zealand rain mostly trees and shrubs, drop out or become forest generally are reviewed briefly, and their restricted to coastal sites, but it is not until about relevance to the situation in the study forest is 42°S, in the South Island, that many of the con considered. -
Keystone Species: the Concept and Its Relevance for Conservation Management in New Zealand
Keystone species: the concept and its relevance for conservation management in New Zealand SCIENCE FOR CONSERVATION 203 Ian J. Payton, Michael Fenner, William G. Lee Published by Department of Conservation P.O. Box 10-420 Wellington, New Zealand Science for Conservation is a scientific monograph series presenting research funded by New Zealand Department of Conservation (DOC). Manuscripts are internally and externally peer-reviewed; resulting publications are considered part of the formal international scientific literature. Titles are listed in the DOC Science Publishing catalogue on the departmental website http:// www.doc.govt.nz and printed copies can be purchased from [email protected] © Copyright July 2002, New Zealand Department of Conservation ISSN 11732946 ISBN 047822284X This report was prepared for publication by DOC Science Publishing, Science & Research Unit; editing by Lynette Clelland and layout by Ruth Munro. Publication was approved by the Manager, Science & Research Unit, Science Technology and Information Services, Department of Conservation, Wellington. CONTENTS Abstract 5 1. Introduction 6 2. Keystone concepts 6 3. Types of keystone species 8 3.1 Organisms controlling potential dominants 8 3.2 Resource providers 10 3.3 Mutualists 11 3.4 Ecosystem engineers 12 4. The New Zealand context 14 4.1 Organisms controlling potential dominants 14 4.2 Resource providers 16 4.3 Mutualists 18 4.4 Ecosystem engineers 19 5. Identifying keystone species 20 6. Implications for conservation management 21 7. Acknowledgements 22 8. References 23 4 Payton et al.Keystone species: the concept and its relevance in New Zealand Keystone species: the concept and its relevance for conservation management in New Zealand Ian J. -
Plant Charts for Native to the West Booklet
26 Pohutukawa • Oi exposed coastal ecosystem KEY ♥ Nurse plant ■ Main component ✤ rare ✖ toxic to toddlers coastal sites For restoration, in this habitat: ••• plant liberally •• plant generally • plant sparingly Recommended planting sites Back Boggy Escarp- Sharp Steep Valley Broad Gentle Alluvial Dunes Area ment Ridge Slope Bottom Ridge Slope Flat/Tce Medium trees Beilschmiedia tarairi taraire ✤ ■ •• Corynocarpus laevigatus karaka ✖■ •••• Kunzea ericoides kanuka ♥■ •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Metrosideros excelsa pohutukawa ♥■ ••••• • •• •• Small trees, large shrubs Coprosma lucida shining karamu ♥ ■ •• ••• ••• •• •• Coprosma macrocarpa coastal karamu ♥ ■ •• •• •• •••• Coprosma robusta karamu ♥ ■ •••••• Cordyline australis ti kouka, cabbage tree ♥ ■ • •• •• • •• •••• Dodonaea viscosa akeake ■ •••• Entelea arborescens whau ♥ ■ ••••• Geniostoma rupestre hangehange ♥■ •• • •• •• •• •• •• Leptospermum scoparium manuka ♥■ •• •• • ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Leucopogon fasciculatus mingimingi • •• ••• ••• • •• •• • Macropiper excelsum kawakawa ♥■ •••• •••• ••• Melicope ternata wharangi ■ •••••• Melicytus ramiflorus mahoe • ••• •• • •• ••• Myoporum laetum ngaio ✖ ■ •••••• Olearia furfuracea akepiro • ••• ••• •• •• Pittosporum crassifolium karo ■ •• •••• ••• Pittosporum ellipticum •• •• Pseudopanax lessonii houpara ■ ecosystem one •••••• Rhopalostylis sapida nikau ■ • •• • •• Sophora fulvida west coast kowhai ✖■ •• •• Shrubs and flax-like plants Coprosma crassifolia stiff-stemmed coprosma ♥■ •• ••••• Coprosma repens taupata ♥ ■ •• •••• •• -
Re-Establishing North Island Kākā (Nestor Meridionalis Septentrionalis
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Re-establishing North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis) in New Zealand A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Conservation Biology Massey University Auckland, New Zealand Tineke Joustra 2018 ii For Orlando, Aurora and Nayeli “I don’t want my children to follow in my footsteps, I want them to take the path next to me and go further than I could have ever dreamt possible” Anonymous iii iv Abstract Recently there has been a global increase in concern over the unprecedented loss of biodiversity and how the sixth mass extinction event is mainly due to human activities. Countries such as New Zealand have unique ecosystems which led to the evolution of many endemic species. One such New Zealand species is the kākā (Nestor meridionalis). Historically, kākā abundance has been affected by human activities (kākā were an important food source for Māori and Europeans). Today, introduced mammalian predators are one of the main threats to wild kākā populations. Although widespread and common throughout New Zealand until the 1800’s, kākā populations on the mainland now heavily rely on active conservation management. The main methods of kākā management include pest control and re-establishments. This thesis evaluated current and past commitments to New Zealand species restoration, as well as an analysis of global Psittacine re-establishment efforts. -
Nelson & Tasman Planting Guide. Farmers Trees for Bees
Smart Farming For Healthy Bees BEE FRIENDLY LAND MANAGEMENT REGION - NELSON AND TASMAN October 2009 Photo: Lara Nicholson © Landcare Research Photo: Lara Nicholson © Landcare NELSON AND TASMAN Honey bee on Ngaio (Myoporum laetum) To ensure the future of farming, all farmers need Bees consume pollen as a protein and vitamin to play their part in protecting the honey bee. The source and nectar for energy. While gathering bee is one of the hardest workers in horticulture these resources, they move pollen from one and agriculture; about $3 billion of our GDP is plant to another thus benefi ting the farm by directly attributable to the intensive pollination pollinating crops. Availability of quality pollen STRONG AND of horticultural and specialty agricultural crops resources is critical during spring when beekeepers are building up bee populations for pollination HEALTHY BEES ARE by bees. In addition there is a huge indirect contribution through the pollination of clover, services. Any shortfall leads to protein stress that A CRITICAL PART sown as a nitrogen regeneration source for the weakens bees making them more susceptible OF PROFITABLE land we farm. This benefi t fl ows on to our meat to diseases and pests (e.g., varroa mite); it also dramatically slows the queens breeding AGRICULTURE export industry through livestock production output and this results in low fi eld strength and and sales. under-performing pollination services. The beekeeping industry is facing some of its Today, farmers can reverse this trend by choosing biggest challenges with increasing bee pests bee friendly trees and shrubs for planting in and diseases. -
A Planter's Handbook for Northland Natives
A planter’s handbook for Northland natives Including special plants for wetlands, coast and bird food Tiakina nga manu, ka ora te ngahere. Ka ora te ngahere, ka ora nga manu. Look after the birds and the forest flourishes. If the forest flourishes, the birds flourish. Photo courtesy of ????? ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All photos by Lisa Forester, Katrina Hansen, Jacki Byrd, Brian Chudleigh, Nan Pullman, Malcolm Pullman and Tawapou Coastal Natives. All images copyright of Northland Regional Council unless specified. First published 1999. Updated and reprinted 2020. ISBN: 978-0-909006-65-5. Choosing the right plants Are you deciding on what native Northland plants to use on your land? Whether you’re deciding on plants for landscaping or restoration, this handbook will help. Getting started Photo courtesy of Brian Chudleigh Read on to find out the size and growth rate of plants and which natives attract wildlife. While not listing every plant native to Northland, this book contains a wide range that may be available in local nurseries. Charts on each page show whether a plant provides food for birds, what its final height may be and how quickly it grows. The book also includes plants that will handle harsh coastal environments, windy and/or dry Although primarily a fruit locations and frosts, as well as those plants eater the kūkupa will that tolerate shade or a wetter habitat. This sometimes eat the flowers information will help you choose plants that and new shoots of the kōwhai, Sophora microphylla will benefit you, the local wildlife, and the and some other trees, when environment. -
A Selected Bibliography of Pohutukawa and Rata (1788-1999)
[Type text] Preface Stephanie Smith, an experienced librarian and Rhodes Scholar with specialist skills in the development of bibliographies, was a wonderful partner for Project Crimson in the production of this comprehensive bibliography of pohutukawa and rata. Several years ago the Project Crimson Trust recognized the need to bring together the many and diverse references to these national icons for the benefit of researchers, conservationists, students, schools and the interested public. We never imagined the project would lead to such a work of scholarship, such a labour of love. Stephanie, like others who embrace the cause rather than the job, has invested time and intellect far beyond what was ever expected, and provided us with this outstanding resource. I urge all users to read the short introduction and gain some of the flavour of Stephanie’s enthusiasm. Project Crimson would also like to acknowledge the contribution of Forest Research library staff, in particular Megan Gee, for their help and support throughout the duration of this project. Gordon Hosking Trustee, Project Crimson February 2000 INTRODUCTION: THE LIVING LIBRARY [The] world around us is a repository of information which we have only begun to delve into. Like any library, once parts are missing, it is incomplete but, unlike a library, once our books (in this instance biological species) are lost they cannot be replaced. - Catherine Wilson and David Given, Threatened Plants of New Zealand. ...right at their feet they [Wellingtonians] have one of the most wide-ranging and fascinating living textbooks of botany in the country. Well - selected pages anyway. Many of the pages were ripped out by zealous colonisers, and there are now some big gaps. -
Effects of Ungulates on Structure and Species Composition in The
R. B. ALLEN1, I. J. PAYTON1 AND J. E. KNOWLTON2 119 1. Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 31-011, Christchurch, New Zealand 2. New Zealand Forest Service, P.O. Box 1340, Rotorua, New Zealand. EFFECTS OF UNGULATES ON STRUCTURE AND SPECIES COMPOSITION IN THE UREWERA FORESTS AS SHOWN BY EXCLOSURES Summary: Seventeen exclosures were built by the New Zealand Forest Service within Urewera forests over the period 1961-68 to exclude ungulates. Forest structure and species composition inside and outside these exclosures were compared in 1980-81. Some relatively shade tolerant species such as the fern Asplenium bulbiferum, the liane Ripogonum scandens, the sub-canopy shrubs Geniostoma ligustrifolium and Coprosma australis and the canopy species Beilschmiedia tawa were less abundant in certain tiers outside the exclosures than inside. By contrast, only a few species were more abundant outside then inside the exclosures. These included the unpalatable shrub Pseudowintera colorata, turf-forming Uncinia species and Cardamine debilis. Overall density and species richness for small diametered trees and for the sapling tier were lower outside the exclosures than inside. Despite the large reduction in ungulate numbers throughout Urewera forests these introduced browsing animals, particularly deer, still affect the structure and composition of most forest types. Keywords: regeneration; forest; introduced animals; ungulates; deer, Cervus sp., Cervidae; exclosure; Urewera; New Zealand. Introduction however, apparently anomolous species The Urewera forests cover about 400 000 ha of distributions, not fully adjusted to altitude, have steep highlands, of which approximately half lie been explained in terms of recent volcanic activity within Urewera National Park (McKelvey, 1973). -
Metrosideros in Cultivation: Ra¯Ta¯ and Other Species the Second of a Two-Part Series
Metrosideros in cultivation: Ra¯ta¯ and other species The second of a two-part series Murray Dawson1, Jack Hobbs2, Graeme Platt3 and Jim Rumbal4 Part One of this series provided an introduction to Metrosideros Jim Rumbal has uncovered of Jim Rumbals’) may have given a species and cultivars and traced some additional information on plant to his parents who had a beach cultivar origins for two species the po¯hutukawa plantings on the bach at Ohope at that time. It may – M. excelsaa (po¯hutukawa or Waitara River bank, Taranaki. As have been this plant that gave rise to New Zealand Christmas tree) and documented in Part One, selections the cultivar name. from these early plantings were M. kermadecensis (the Kermadec M. excelsaa ‘Exotica’: made by the late Felix Jury and po¯hutukawa). for completeness we should mention gave rise to M. excelsaa ‘Fire M. excelsa ‘Exotica’, an early This second article updates Mountain’ and M. excelsaa ‘Scarlet and illegitimate name “someone information on po¯hutukawa and traces Pimpernel’. Blair Hortor, a long- has put on the reverse form [of cultivar origins for the remaining retired groundsman and gardener M. excelsaa ‘Variegata’]” (Davies, species – the ra¯ta¯ trees and vines and of the former Waitara Borough 1968). This selection was not widely cultivars of non-New Zealand species. Council (now the New Plymouth offered under this name. Other District Council), clearly recalls reverse-variegated po¯hutukawa that these early plantings came include M. excelsa ‘Centennial’ and Po¯hutukawa updates from Duncan & Davies nursery M. excelsaa ‘Upper Hutt’. In Part One we mentioned and not from a Palmerston North naturalisations of M. -
PLANTS to ATTRACT BIRDS Paierau Rd (Bypass) Trees and Shrubs Can Provide Shelter, Food, and Nesting Places for Birds
PLANTS TO ATTRACT BIRDS Paierau Rd (Bypass) Trees and shrubs can provide shelter, food, and nesting places for birds. When planting consider choosing a range of plants to provide food (nectar, seeds, and berries) all-year-round. Provide a diverse habitat by planting mixed groups of Ngaumutawa Rd PLANT NURSERY plants of varying heights. Don’t be a tidy kiwi - allow leaf litter to accumulate to attract insects which birds can feed on. Undisturbed “wild” areas can be used by N birds for nesting. Rd Akura For more information visit: 152 Akura Road www.forestandbird.org.nz/resources/native-plants-attract-birds d Masterton, 5810 R www.doc.govt.nz/get-involved/conservation-activities/attract-birds-to-your-garden ln co T 06 370 5614 n i L F 06 378 2146 GWRC Masterton office McDonalds [email protected] Chapel St Chapel St NATIVE HEIGHT FLOWERING TIME FRUITING TIME TUI/BELLBIRD KERERU NATURAL DISTRIBUTION Aristotelia serrata Wineberry 10 m Sep-Dec Jan-Mar * * Forests and forest margins Streamsides, damp and shady Astelia spp. Astelia 1 m Oct-Nov Dec-May * places Forest margins and stream Carpodetus serratus Putaputaweta 5 m Nov-Mar Jan-May * * banks Coprosma grandifolia Kanono 6 m Sep-Nov Mar-May * Forest and scrubland Coprosma propinqua Mingimingi 2 m Sep-Nov Mar-May Swampy forests Coprosma repens Taupata 6 m Sep-Nov Mar-May * * Coastal Forest and scrubland, forest Coprosma robusta Karamu 6 m Sep-Nov Feb-Mar * * margins and hillsides Coprosma virescens Divaricating coprosma 3 m Sep-Nov Mar-May Lowland forest, forest margins Forest margins, clearings and Cordyline australis Cabbage tree 15 m Oct-Dec Jan-Apr * * swamps Corokia spp. -
Phenology, Seasonality and Trait Relationships in a New Zealand Forest., Victoria University of Wellington, 2018
Phenology, seasonality and trait relationships in a New Zealand forest SHARADA PAUDEL A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington In fulfilment of the requirements for Master of Science in Ecology and Biodiversity School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington 2018 Sharada Paudel: Phenology, seasonality and trait relationships in a New Zealand forest., Victoria University of Wellington, 2018 ii SUPERVISORS Associate Professor Kevin Burns (Primary Supervisor) Victoria University of Wellington Associate Professor Ben Bell (Secondary Supervisor) Victoria University of Wellington iii Abstract The phenologies of flowers, fruits and leaves can have profound implications for plant community structure and function. Despite this only a few studies have documented fruit and flower phenologies in New Zealand while there are even fewer studies on leaf production and abscission phenologies. To address this limitation, I measured phenological patterns in leaves, flowers and fruits in 12 common forest plant species in New Zealand over two years. All three phenologies showed significant and consistent seasonality with an increase in growth and reproduction around the onset of favourable climatic conditions; flowering peaked in early spring, leaf production peaked in mid- spring and fruit production peaked in mid-summer coincident with annual peaks in temperature and photoperiodicity. Leaf abscission, however, occurred in late autumn, coincident with the onset of less productive environmental conditions. I also investigated differences in leaf longevities and assessed how seasonal cycles in the timing of leaf production and leaf abscission times might interact with leaf mass per area (LMA) in determining leaf longevity. Leaf longevity was strongly associated with LMA but also with seasonal variation in climate. -
Ecology and Management of Pureora Forest Park
134. Innes, J.G. 1986 b: Introduced mammals, p. 33. - In: Veale, B. & Innes, J. (eds.), Ecological research in the central North Island Volcanic Plateau region. Proceedings of a New Zealand Forest Service workshop, Pureora - New Zealand Forest Service, Forest Research Institute, Rotorua. Summary of a regional overview. Of the 20 wild animal species found on the central North Island Volcanic Plateau, most attention has been given to browsing animals but 'the impact of most mammals is only slowly becoming known'. Little is known of some species, e.g., feral pig. Small mammals have hitherto received little attention (but see 3 papers by King et al. 1996 for studies at Pureora). Keywords: browsing mammals, small mammals, volcanic plateau 135. Innes, J.G. 1987 a: Are North Island kokako killed by aerial 1080 operations? Research results to September 1987. - Forest Research Institute (unpublished report). - Rotorua. See summaries in Forest Research Institute 1986, 1988, 1989. Keywords: kokako, aerial poisoning, 1080 136. Innes, J.G., Calder, R.D. & Williams, D.S. 1991: Native meets exotic - kokako and pine forest. - What's New in Forest Research 209: 1-4. In 1983 there were reports of kokako in pine plantations from Pureora Forest Park as well as from other central North Island plantations. Whilst this pamphlet refers mainly to a study of kokako in Rotoehu pine plantations there are observations and conclusions that can be extended to Pureora. Kokako move, sing and feed freely in pine plantations rather than reside or breed there. Fast growing pines may be the quickest way (within 15 years) to establish forest corridors between isolated native forest blocks and help protect the bird's future survival.