Nelson & Tasman Planting Guide. Farmers Trees for Bees
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The New Zealand Rain Forest: a Comparison with Tropical Rain Forest! J
The New Zealand Rain Forest: A Comparison with Tropical Rain Forest! J. W. DAWSON2 and B. V. SNEDDON2 ABSTRACT: The structure of and growth forms and habits exhibited by the New Zealand rain forest are described and compared with those of lowland tropical rain forest. Theories relating to the frequent regeneration failure of the forest dominants are outlined. The floristic affinities of the forest type are discussed and it is suggested that two main elements can be recognized-lowland tropical and montane tropical. It is concluded that the New Zealand rain forest is comparable to lowland tropical rain forest in structure and in range of special growth forms and habits. It chiefly differs in its lower stature, fewer species, and smaller leaves. The floristic similarity between the present forest and forest floras of the Tertiary in New Zealand suggest that the former may be a floristically reduced derivative of the latter. PART 1 OF THIS PAPER describes the structure The approximate number of species of seed and growth forms of the New Zealand rain plants in these forests is 240. From north to forest as exemplified by a forest in the far north. south there is an overall decrease in number of In Part 2, theories relating to the regeneration species. At about 38°S a number of species, of the dominant trees in the New Zealand rain mostly trees and shrubs, drop out or become forest generally are reviewed briefly, and their restricted to coastal sites, but it is not until about relevance to the situation in the study forest is 42°S, in the South Island, that many of the con considered. -
Plant Charts for Native to the West Booklet
26 Pohutukawa • Oi exposed coastal ecosystem KEY ♥ Nurse plant ■ Main component ✤ rare ✖ toxic to toddlers coastal sites For restoration, in this habitat: ••• plant liberally •• plant generally • plant sparingly Recommended planting sites Back Boggy Escarp- Sharp Steep Valley Broad Gentle Alluvial Dunes Area ment Ridge Slope Bottom Ridge Slope Flat/Tce Medium trees Beilschmiedia tarairi taraire ✤ ■ •• Corynocarpus laevigatus karaka ✖■ •••• Kunzea ericoides kanuka ♥■ •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Metrosideros excelsa pohutukawa ♥■ ••••• • •• •• Small trees, large shrubs Coprosma lucida shining karamu ♥ ■ •• ••• ••• •• •• Coprosma macrocarpa coastal karamu ♥ ■ •• •• •• •••• Coprosma robusta karamu ♥ ■ •••••• Cordyline australis ti kouka, cabbage tree ♥ ■ • •• •• • •• •••• Dodonaea viscosa akeake ■ •••• Entelea arborescens whau ♥ ■ ••••• Geniostoma rupestre hangehange ♥■ •• • •• •• •• •• •• Leptospermum scoparium manuka ♥■ •• •• • ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Leucopogon fasciculatus mingimingi • •• ••• ••• • •• •• • Macropiper excelsum kawakawa ♥■ •••• •••• ••• Melicope ternata wharangi ■ •••••• Melicytus ramiflorus mahoe • ••• •• • •• ••• Myoporum laetum ngaio ✖ ■ •••••• Olearia furfuracea akepiro • ••• ••• •• •• Pittosporum crassifolium karo ■ •• •••• ••• Pittosporum ellipticum •• •• Pseudopanax lessonii houpara ■ ecosystem one •••••• Rhopalostylis sapida nikau ■ • •• • •• Sophora fulvida west coast kowhai ✖■ •• •• Shrubs and flax-like plants Coprosma crassifolia stiff-stemmed coprosma ♥■ •• ••••• Coprosma repens taupata ♥ ■ •• •••• •• -
Re-Establishing North Island Kākā (Nestor Meridionalis Septentrionalis
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Re-establishing North Island kākā (Nestor meridionalis septentrionalis) in New Zealand A thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science In Conservation Biology Massey University Auckland, New Zealand Tineke Joustra 2018 ii For Orlando, Aurora and Nayeli “I don’t want my children to follow in my footsteps, I want them to take the path next to me and go further than I could have ever dreamt possible” Anonymous iii iv Abstract Recently there has been a global increase in concern over the unprecedented loss of biodiversity and how the sixth mass extinction event is mainly due to human activities. Countries such as New Zealand have unique ecosystems which led to the evolution of many endemic species. One such New Zealand species is the kākā (Nestor meridionalis). Historically, kākā abundance has been affected by human activities (kākā were an important food source for Māori and Europeans). Today, introduced mammalian predators are one of the main threats to wild kākā populations. Although widespread and common throughout New Zealand until the 1800’s, kākā populations on the mainland now heavily rely on active conservation management. The main methods of kākā management include pest control and re-establishments. This thesis evaluated current and past commitments to New Zealand species restoration, as well as an analysis of global Psittacine re-establishment efforts. -
A Selected Bibliography of Pohutukawa and Rata (1788-1999)
[Type text] Preface Stephanie Smith, an experienced librarian and Rhodes Scholar with specialist skills in the development of bibliographies, was a wonderful partner for Project Crimson in the production of this comprehensive bibliography of pohutukawa and rata. Several years ago the Project Crimson Trust recognized the need to bring together the many and diverse references to these national icons for the benefit of researchers, conservationists, students, schools and the interested public. We never imagined the project would lead to such a work of scholarship, such a labour of love. Stephanie, like others who embrace the cause rather than the job, has invested time and intellect far beyond what was ever expected, and provided us with this outstanding resource. I urge all users to read the short introduction and gain some of the flavour of Stephanie’s enthusiasm. Project Crimson would also like to acknowledge the contribution of Forest Research library staff, in particular Megan Gee, for their help and support throughout the duration of this project. Gordon Hosking Trustee, Project Crimson February 2000 INTRODUCTION: THE LIVING LIBRARY [The] world around us is a repository of information which we have only begun to delve into. Like any library, once parts are missing, it is incomplete but, unlike a library, once our books (in this instance biological species) are lost they cannot be replaced. - Catherine Wilson and David Given, Threatened Plants of New Zealand. ...right at their feet they [Wellingtonians] have one of the most wide-ranging and fascinating living textbooks of botany in the country. Well - selected pages anyway. Many of the pages were ripped out by zealous colonisers, and there are now some big gaps. -
Native New Zealand Plants with Inhibitory Activity Towards
Earl et al. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2010, 10:25 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/10/25 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access NativeResearch article New Zealand plants with inhibitory activity towards Mycobacterium tuberculosis Emma A Earl1, Mudassar Altaf1, Rekha V Murikoli1, Simon Swift2 and Ronan O'Toole*1 Abstract Background: Plants have long been investigated as a source of antibiotics and other bioactives for the treatment of human disease. New Zealand contains a diverse and unique flora, however, few of its endemic plants have been used to treat tuberculosis. One plant, Laurelia novae-zelandiae, was reportedly used by indigenous Maori for the treatment of tubercular lesions. Methods: Laurelia novae-zelandiae and 44 other native plants were tested for direct anti-bacterial activity. Plants were extracted with different solvents and extracts screened for inhibition of the surrogate species, Mycobacterium smegmatis. Active plant samples were then tested for bacteriostatic activity towards M. tuberculosis and other clinically- important species. Results: Extracts of six native plants were active against M. smegmatis. Many of these were also inhibitory towards M. tuberculosis including Laurelia novae-zelandiae (Pukatea). M. excelsa (Pohutukawa) was the only plant extract tested that was active against Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusions: Our data provide support for the traditional use of Pukatea in treating tuberculosis. In addition, our analyses indicate that other native plant species possess antibiotic activity. Background State, Latvia and South Korea in 2006 [6] but are now Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death due to a present in 57 countries [7]. single infectious organism [1]. In 2007, 1.78 million peo- The World Health Organisation has advised that new ple died from the disease and an estimated 9.27 million TB drugs are required to treat TB [8,9]. -
Metrosideros in Cultivation: Ra¯Ta¯ and Other Species the Second of a Two-Part Series
Metrosideros in cultivation: Ra¯ta¯ and other species The second of a two-part series Murray Dawson1, Jack Hobbs2, Graeme Platt3 and Jim Rumbal4 Part One of this series provided an introduction to Metrosideros Jim Rumbal has uncovered of Jim Rumbals’) may have given a species and cultivars and traced some additional information on plant to his parents who had a beach cultivar origins for two species the po¯hutukawa plantings on the bach at Ohope at that time. It may – M. excelsaa (po¯hutukawa or Waitara River bank, Taranaki. As have been this plant that gave rise to New Zealand Christmas tree) and documented in Part One, selections the cultivar name. from these early plantings were M. kermadecensis (the Kermadec M. excelsaa ‘Exotica’: made by the late Felix Jury and po¯hutukawa). for completeness we should mention gave rise to M. excelsaa ‘Fire M. excelsa ‘Exotica’, an early This second article updates Mountain’ and M. excelsaa ‘Scarlet and illegitimate name “someone information on po¯hutukawa and traces Pimpernel’. Blair Hortor, a long- has put on the reverse form [of cultivar origins for the remaining retired groundsman and gardener M. excelsaa ‘Variegata’]” (Davies, species – the ra¯ta¯ trees and vines and of the former Waitara Borough 1968). This selection was not widely cultivars of non-New Zealand species. Council (now the New Plymouth offered under this name. Other District Council), clearly recalls reverse-variegated po¯hutukawa that these early plantings came include M. excelsa ‘Centennial’ and Po¯hutukawa updates from Duncan & Davies nursery M. excelsaa ‘Upper Hutt’. In Part One we mentioned and not from a Palmerston North naturalisations of M. -
PLANTS to ATTRACT BIRDS Paierau Rd (Bypass) Trees and Shrubs Can Provide Shelter, Food, and Nesting Places for Birds
PLANTS TO ATTRACT BIRDS Paierau Rd (Bypass) Trees and shrubs can provide shelter, food, and nesting places for birds. When planting consider choosing a range of plants to provide food (nectar, seeds, and berries) all-year-round. Provide a diverse habitat by planting mixed groups of Ngaumutawa Rd PLANT NURSERY plants of varying heights. Don’t be a tidy kiwi - allow leaf litter to accumulate to attract insects which birds can feed on. Undisturbed “wild” areas can be used by N birds for nesting. Rd Akura For more information visit: 152 Akura Road www.forestandbird.org.nz/resources/native-plants-attract-birds d Masterton, 5810 R www.doc.govt.nz/get-involved/conservation-activities/attract-birds-to-your-garden ln co T 06 370 5614 n i L F 06 378 2146 GWRC Masterton office McDonalds [email protected] Chapel St Chapel St NATIVE HEIGHT FLOWERING TIME FRUITING TIME TUI/BELLBIRD KERERU NATURAL DISTRIBUTION Aristotelia serrata Wineberry 10 m Sep-Dec Jan-Mar * * Forests and forest margins Streamsides, damp and shady Astelia spp. Astelia 1 m Oct-Nov Dec-May * places Forest margins and stream Carpodetus serratus Putaputaweta 5 m Nov-Mar Jan-May * * banks Coprosma grandifolia Kanono 6 m Sep-Nov Mar-May * Forest and scrubland Coprosma propinqua Mingimingi 2 m Sep-Nov Mar-May Swampy forests Coprosma repens Taupata 6 m Sep-Nov Mar-May * * Coastal Forest and scrubland, forest Coprosma robusta Karamu 6 m Sep-Nov Feb-Mar * * margins and hillsides Coprosma virescens Divaricating coprosma 3 m Sep-Nov Mar-May Lowland forest, forest margins Forest margins, clearings and Cordyline australis Cabbage tree 15 m Oct-Dec Jan-Apr * * swamps Corokia spp. -
Phenology, Seasonality and Trait Relationships in a New Zealand Forest., Victoria University of Wellington, 2018
Phenology, seasonality and trait relationships in a New Zealand forest SHARADA PAUDEL A thesis submitted to Victoria University of Wellington In fulfilment of the requirements for Master of Science in Ecology and Biodiversity School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of Wellington 2018 Sharada Paudel: Phenology, seasonality and trait relationships in a New Zealand forest., Victoria University of Wellington, 2018 ii SUPERVISORS Associate Professor Kevin Burns (Primary Supervisor) Victoria University of Wellington Associate Professor Ben Bell (Secondary Supervisor) Victoria University of Wellington iii Abstract The phenologies of flowers, fruits and leaves can have profound implications for plant community structure and function. Despite this only a few studies have documented fruit and flower phenologies in New Zealand while there are even fewer studies on leaf production and abscission phenologies. To address this limitation, I measured phenological patterns in leaves, flowers and fruits in 12 common forest plant species in New Zealand over two years. All three phenologies showed significant and consistent seasonality with an increase in growth and reproduction around the onset of favourable climatic conditions; flowering peaked in early spring, leaf production peaked in mid- spring and fruit production peaked in mid-summer coincident with annual peaks in temperature and photoperiodicity. Leaf abscission, however, occurred in late autumn, coincident with the onset of less productive environmental conditions. I also investigated differences in leaf longevities and assessed how seasonal cycles in the timing of leaf production and leaf abscission times might interact with leaf mass per area (LMA) in determining leaf longevity. Leaf longevity was strongly associated with LMA but also with seasonal variation in climate. -
Sanctuary Mountain Maungatautari Restoration Plan 2019–2029
Sanctuary Mountain Maungatautari Restoration Plan 2019–2029 Prepared for: Maungatautari Ecological Island Trust June 2019 Sanctuary Mountain Maungatautari Restoration Plan 2019–2029 Contract Report: LC3464 John Innes, Corinne Watts Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Bruce Burns University of Auckland With contributions from other members of, and advisors to, the Maungatautari Scientific and Technical Advisory Panel: Aaron Barnsdall (Mana Whenua Trustee) Geoff Churchill (Maungatautari Ecological Island Trust) Professor Bruce Clarkson (University of Waikato) Poto Davies (Maungatautari Mana Whenua) Dr Catherine Kirby (University of Waikato) Cheridan Mathers (Hamilton Zoo) Dr Shelley Langton-Myers (EcoQuest Education Foundation) Robyn Nightingale (Maungatautari Mana Whenua) Dr Kate Richardson (Waikato Regional Council) Tony Roxburgh (Waipa District Council) Alan Saunders (Waikato Regional Council) Dr Andrew Styche (Department of Conservation) Dr Kiri Wallace (University of Waikato) Dr Janelle Ward (Maungatautari Ecological Island Trust) Reviewed by: Approved for release by: Robyn Simcock Gary Houliston Scientist Portfolio Leader – Enhancing Biodiversity Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research Disclaimer This report has been prepared by Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research for Maungatautari Ecological Island Trust. If used by other parties, no warranty or representation is given as to its accuracy and no liability is accepted for loss or damage arising directly or indirectly from reliance on the information in it. -
Changes in Structure and Composition of a New Zealand Lowland Forest Inhabited by Brushtail Possums!
Pacific Science (1990), vol. 44, no. 3: 277-296 © 1990 by University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Changes in Structure and Composition of a New Zealand Lowland Forest Inhabited by Brushtail Possums! D. J. CAMPBELL2 ABSTRACT: All specimens of 19 tree and 11 shrub species greater than 10 cm dbh (more than 3000 stems oftrees and tree ferns) were labeled, measured, and mapped in 2.25 ha of lowland forest near Wellington, New Zealand. Their fate, growth, and additional recruitment were monitored in three surveys over 16 yr, from 1969 to 1985. During the vegetation study, movements, diet, density, and breeding success of the introduced Australian brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) were studied in the same area of forest. In the study plot the number of stems and their total basal area increased between 1969 and 1985. However, several species that are eaten by possums have suffered substantial losses ofboth stems and total basal area. These include Beilschmiedia tawa, Weinmannia race mosa, Metrosideros robusta, and the tree fern Cyathea medullaris. Species not eaten by possums have increased in both numbers and basal area. These include Hedycarya arborea, Cyathea smithii, Cyathea dealbata, and Laurelia novae zelandiae. During the study there has been a decline in basal area of emergent trees, an increase in basal area of canopy trees (but little increase in their numbers), and an increase in numbers and basal area ofminor species and dead trees. If present trends in structure and composition of this lowland forest continue, the future forest will have a greater proportion of tree ferns and more short-lived, small-diameter species. -
Forest Ecosystems of the Wellington Region December 2018
Forest Ecosystems of the Wellington Region December 2018 Forest ecosystems of the Wellington Region December 2018 Nick Singers, Philippa Crisp and Owen Spearpoint For more information, contact the Greater Wellington Regional Council: Wellington Masterton GW/ESCI-G-18-164 PO Box 11646 PO Box 41 December 2018 T 04 384 5708 T 06 378 2484 F 04 385 6960 F 06 378 2146 www.gw.govt.nz www.gw.govt.nz www.gw.govt.nz [email protected] DISCLAIMER This report has been prepared by Environmental Science staff of Greater Wellington Regional Council (GWRC) and as such does not constitute Council policy. In preparing this report, the authors have used the best currently available data and have exercised all reasonable skill and care in presenting and interpreting these data. Nevertheless, GWRC does not accept any liability, whether direct, indirect, or consequential, arising out of the provision of the data and associated information within this report. Furthermore, as GWRC endeavours to continuously improve data quality, amendments to data included in, or used in the preparation of, this report may occur without notice at any time. GWRC requests that if excerpts or inferences are drawn from this report for further use, due care should be taken to ensure the appropriate context is preserved and is accurately reflected and referenced in subsequent written or verbal communications. Any use of the data and information enclosed in this report, for example, by inclusion in a subsequent report or media release, should be accompanied by an acknowledgement of the source. The report may be cited as: Singers N., Crisp P. -
Welcome to Takana
Specimen Trees Price List Nursery Address: Postal Address: 102 Omaha Flats Road, 51 Sylvan Ave, Matakana, Northcote, Auckland 0986 Auckland 0627 New Zealand New Zealand Telephone: 0800 TAKANA E-Mail Address: [email protected] Welcome to takana We sell native trees…at big tree stage! takana grows almost every New Zealand native tree, at heights of 2m-5m in 45 Litre carry bags or bigger, up to 450 Litres, plus field trees. So, more than 75 species of beautiful native trees at big tree stage to enhance your landscape spaces, because…if you need instant impact, life’s too short to wait for small plants to become specimen trees. takana has a policy of stocking all the native trees which will grow in the North (i.e. from Waikato/Bay of Plenty north). takana grows more than 75 species, as well as intra-species variations. Half of these species are not commonly available from NZ nurserymen, but all have their own beauty and place within our unique ecology. And surprisingly, many of us have little or no knowledge of these – how they grow and what conditions they suit. Please Note: I. All prices are exclusive of GST and are subject to change without prior notice. II. Generally the minimum height of our 25L bags will be 1.0m of our 35L bags 1.5m of our 45L bags 2.0m of our 160L bags 3.0m III. Field trees…etc …at $250 per metre of height IV. Our listed prices are for single bags. For quantity, always request a Quote.